other useful objects, accompanied by several for the same, into the hands of the treasurers, Note by the Secretary. by divine authority? Although thus fort ed, we do not claim for it a superiority which wi do injustice to other employments, springing. 1 : the progress of society, out of its density of popula tion, and natural advantages for acquiring wealth. No! We seek only an ancillary association with commerce and manufactures, preserving an equiMr. Stepher M'Cormick, of Auburn, Fauquier librium of interest, so far as government holds county, intended to present to the society the the balance. Without farther touching the model of a newly invented plough, differing in question which seems now to agitate our national some respects from the ploughs which he has councils, I will proceed to present a few ideas JOHN M. BROME, 1reas. vice E. M' Guire, heretofore been in the habit of successfully ma- more immediately connected with the object of declined, The meeting then proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year; when the following were declared chosen : ed. HUGH HOLMES, President, sident. nufacturing. He did not arrive in time to be pre- this address. sent at the meeting; but a few of the members Curtailing the expense of transportation of a THOMAS CRAMER, Secretary. Corresponding Committee, appointed by the Pre-had the pleasure to see his model (which for crop to market, adds to the nett value of that neatness and beauty could not be excelled) and crop, and also to the soil which produces it. to hear him explain, with neatness and precision, Whatever may be the facilities employed, either the principles upon which it was constructed. turnpike roads or canals, a reduction of one half It was quite satisfactory to them, that his plough of the present price of carriage, where such conwas formed on true principles, and they were veniences do not exist, may fairly be estimated A letter from Judge Buel, of Albany, to Wm. decidedly of opinion, as far as they were capable to follow. A well cultivated field of wheat, may M. Barton, was read, and ordered to be record-of judging, that in light (or heavy) soils, clear of produce twenty bushels, which will make four rocks or stones, his invention is well calculated barrels of flour,-the carriage of which to mar Mr. John M'Alister, at his request, was re- to plough the land deep and turn it well; but ket, from this Valley, will average at least $1 50 leased from his duties as a member of this soci- their opinions could not be changed as to the ab-cents per barrel. But the reduction of one half, solute and indispensable necessity of attaching a from the improvement of roads or canals, is 75 A letter from Dewitt Clinton, of Albany, to coulter to the point of the share, to serve as a cents per barrel; therefore there would be a Wm. M. Barton, accompanied with a very in-brace to it in resisting the shocks to which it is saving of three dollars in the carriage of the teresting paper from Eral Stinson, president of liable in our rough country. They were also produce of this acre to market, to be added to, the Agricultural Society of Saratoga County N. much gratified to learn, that it is the intention of instead of being subtracted from its present Y. was received and ordered to be recorded. Mr. M'Cormick to visit the society at their next value, thus proving the first branch of the proTwo letters from Mr. Skinner of Baltimore, to fair, and to become a competitor for the best position. William M. Barton, were read, and ordered in plough. He also proposes to bring with him a part to be recorded. new invention for the purpose of ascertaining the An order made at a former meeting, for pub-weight which is necessary to propel ploughs, lishing the proceedings of this society, in a pain-called an angular balance. phlet form, is hereby ordered to be rescinded. ety. Upon motion of Mr. Heiskell, it was resolved This saving of three dollars per acre, annually, adds to the value of the cultivated acre, that sum, of which three dollars is interest, viz. $50. But if this seems to be an incredible result, (and it is admitted to be so, as it regards the entire tract Winchester, March 10, 1824. or plantation) strike off five-sixths for the idle unanimously, that the thanks of this society be SIR-By a resolution of the Agricultural Soci-shifts, varieties of crop, and woodland, and there given to Elkanah Watson, president of the ety of the Valley, passed at their last meeting, will be left $8.33 per acre, additional value to Berkeshire (Mass.) Agricultural Society, for his we were requested to apply to you, for a copy of the entire tract. Thus it will be seen, gentlemen, valuable present of a pamphlet containing the your eloquent and interesting address, delivered how the functions of the arteries and veins of the proceedings of that society. before the society as their presiding officer. We human body, contributing to its health and therefore request a copy for publication. Respectfully your obedient servants, JOHN HEISKELL. ALFRED H. POWELL. The following resolution was introduced by Wm. M. Barton, and passed unanimously : Resolved, That this society do appoint seven trustees annually, whose duty it shall be, or any three of them, whenever called upon by any member, to visit his farm, and make report of the general management of the same, &c. &c. ; and also to receive from the secretary all communications The Hon. HUGH HOLMES. existence, correspond with those of roads and canals in the body politic, preserving its salutary state; and yet we have hitherto preferred to la bor under a consumption of nearly one-fourth of the product of our farms, sooner than incur a present evil, for a distant good, by beginning the great work of improvement. When interest, I yield to the wishes of the Agricultural Soci-because Indirect, ceases to be the impulse to humade to the society by any of its members, or ety of the Valley, by sending you a copy of the man action, how long, my fellow citizens, will it any other person; and transmit such immediate- address, which I regret is not more worthy of be, before we discover the antidote to this slumly to the editors of the American Farmer and their acceptance. Winchester papers for publication. Winchester, March 10, 1824. Respectfully your obedient servant, HUGH HOLMES. It was resolved after some discussion, that the president do make the appointments, and the fol-To Messrs. PowELL and HISKELL. lowing gentlemen were selected: Joseph Kean, John Heiskell, David Ridgeway, Wm. M. Barton, Thos. Nelson, Joseph Hackney, William B. Page. ADDRESS. bering lethargy? Alas! I fear it will be found that then there is no balm in Gilead-no physician there." Blighted in our hopes and prospects, as to our principal crops for many years, sometimes destroyed or injured materially, by the Hessian It is a subject, fellow citizens, of gratulation, to fly, and then by frost, or both, no effectual rememark the spirit of emulation, manifested at the dy has hitherto been known to us. Now I feel Upon motion Resolved, That Sydnor Bailey, last meeting, in competing for the premiums dis-great pleasure in communicating to the society, Esq and Cuthbert Powell, Esq. of Loudon county, tributed, for the first time, by our society. If, in some information received during the past winbe appointed honorary members of this society. the infancy of our institution, such a spirit has ter, from Mr. Elkanah Watson, president of the The following members were appointed a com-been awakened, what may we not expect in its Berkeshire Agricultural Society, in Massachumittee of arrangement to form a scheme of pre- progress to maturity, and the exertion of its en-setts, together with his pamphlet, entitled, “His miums, to be presented at the next meeting in ergies to prevent that spirit from slumbering into tory of the rise, progress, and existing state of August, viz: H. St. G. Tucker, Wm. M. Bar- the torpent state in which we found it at our that society." On the back, or cover of this ton, Joseph Kean, A. H. Powell. commencement ? As we are bound, collectively pamphlet, will be seen a list of seventeen varie On the back of the pamphlet, sent by Elkanah and individually, by the ties of patriotism, bene-ties of grain, just then arrived from the south of Watson, Esq. to this society, was a description of volence, and philanthropy, to encourage and foster Spain, (1819); beginning with No. 1. styled a species of wheat, introduced into Massachusetts, improvements in agriculture, and the arts con-" hard white wheat"; opposite which is an aswhich is found peculiarly fitted to resist the Hes- nected with it, so we have incurred a responsibi- terisk referring to a manuscript note, I presume, sian fly, from the hardness and solidity of its lity to the public, to use every exertion, tending by the author, which I copy verbatim. "This stalk, thereby opposing resistance to the peculiar to the fulfilment of these objects. Agriculture wheat is now successfully cultivated (from the location of this insect. It was therefore resolved, was the first employment of man, coeval with his above sample) in some of the western counties that Wm. M. Barton be appointed to procure fif creation, and by command of God, who required in the state of New York; its stem is small and ty bushels of said wheat, and to distribute the him to subdue the earth. Is it not, then, a holy so compact, as completely to resist the Hessian same among the members of this society, not ex-office in which we are engaged,―aiding and as-fly, as has been abundantly proved this yearceeding two bushels to each, who will first pay sisting in this great work, commanded to be done, growing by the side of other fields of whea which suffered greatly. The grain is full-manufacturers, and neglecting the sound advice Last year we exported a still greatlarge, as hard as flint-with a thin husk, and of Adam Smith $9,230,020 er quantity, no less than 99,009, 1819. The markets of Europe are glutted with this staple, which is a complete drug every where, and likely so to continue, except the finer qualities, which are scarce. The statements of the Liverpool merchants hold out the most gloomy prospects for the present year, in consequence of the extraordinary surplus in all the foreign markets. The stock in Europe, at the close of the last year, was 75,000 hhds. being 10,000 hhds. above one year's consumption.* makes the very best of flour-as white as snow. "Whatever tends to diminish in any country It resists the winter better than any other, and "the number of artificers and manufacturers, 6,282,672 ripens fourteen days earlier." If the experiment" tends to diminish the home market, the most Thus an increase of about 20 per cent. in the of growing this wheat by the side of other fields" important of all markets for the rude produce quantity, produced an increase of only one per and its succeeding when its neighbors was de- " of the land; and thereby still further to dis- cent. in the amount! For 16,840 hhds. we restroyed, be not conclusive as to its resistance of" courage agriculture." ceived but $59,834!! the fly, (because we have seen that to happen This maxim, one of the soundest in the whole What an astonishing fact! What a mortal with fields of wheat, both of the same sort,) yet range of political economy, is an eternal reproach stroke at the policy of Mr. Garnet, noticed befrom the character of the stem, it is highly pro- to our policy, and an eternal eulogium on that of low, to increase our imports, that our exports bable the fly would not select it as a location, Great Britain. Ours has at every stage of our may be likewise increased! What a lesson on congenial to its propagation. The account of progress, been in direct hostility with it. Where- political economy! Will our statesmen profit by this wheat, now detailed, is so imposing, and as, it is almost the only important maxim of the it? It is, alas for the country! improbable. from so respectable and disinterested a source, Wealth of Nations, which is undeviatingly car- Here we see a regular reduction of the price that it is submitted to the society to decide ried into operation by great Britain. It ought to from year to year. In 1823, it was not near half whether it will lend its agency to procure a quan be engraven in letters of gold over the chair of what it was in 1817-a little more than half what tity of it worth distribution; or leave it to indivi the speaker of the house of representatives, and it was in 1818—and two-thirds of the price of dual enterprise. If it will answer the purpose that of the president of the Senate. attributed to it, we can render no greater benefit I begin with tobaccoto the agricultural interest of our country, than Our export of this article in the year by a successful experiment of its use. While we 1817, was 62,365 hhds., which, by are on the subject of this destructive insect, Hes- treasury returns, averaged 148 dolsian fly. I will take the liberty of warning the lars per hhd. and amounted to public of an error generally prevalent, but by no Next year we increased the quantity means one of much consequence. An insect to 84,337 hhds. and glutted the marmuch resembling the Hessian fly, will often be kets so completely, that the price fell found, even in winter, in, or rather a little above, to $117, and the amount was only 9,867,429 every joint of the wheat straw,-in the different Thus while we increased the quantity above 33 stages of maggot, chrysalis and parent: it occu per cent. we increased the amount only about 7 pies the hollow tube of the stalk, and (unlike the per cent. This is somewhat like realizing Dean * "Tobacco is very unsaleable, and lower than fly) not the lamina; of course it does but little Swift's arithmetic. we have ever before known it. The exports injury, as I perceived from a bunch of wheat, fur- The quantity exported to Great Britain in 1818" from the United States have so overwhelmed nished me by my worthy friend, the vice-president. was more than double that of the preceding" every market in Europe, that there is absoluteThis insect, I was informed by a gentleman in year. In 1817, 14,500 hhds.-in 1818, 31,200." ly no outlet for exportation from this country, Fairfax county, a nice and critical observer of When the influence of the British markets on" and no prospect of the stock on hand being conthese things, is called the joint worm, and not our staples is considered, this fact will fully ac-" sumed in it. We have upwards of 31,000 hogsthe Hessian fly. Some entomologists having count for the reduction of prices. heads in Britain and Ireland, whilst the confallen into this error, as I deem it, these remarks Distress spread almost universally throughout" sumption does not exceed 14,000 hogsheads' are thrown out for their, or my correction. Virginia in 1818-19, in consequence of the heavy" The stock on the Continent is estimated at 44,000, I am sorry, brother farmers, that I have so lit- reduction of price. Most of the shippers were" making a total stock in Europe of 75,000 hogstle to lay before you, cheering to you, as tillers of severely crippled-many of them entirely ruined.“ heads, being 10,000 more than one year's conthe earth. In the prospect before us, there is a The losses of the planters, in consequence of the “sumption! Under such circumstances, immefrightful era, full of suffering humanity, and por- bankruptcy of the shippers, were immense." diate improvement in this article would appear tentous forebodings, which may reach us, but Some of the first families were reduced to a state" impossible." Curwen & Hagerty, Liverpool, which we hope God may avert. In one portion of extreme embarrassment and distress. of Europe, liberty has been prostrated by the In 1819, our export was 69,427 hhds. arm of despotism; in another she lies bleeding, -the price 110-and the amount $7,636,970" -shrouded in death, and bathed in blood-His- In 1820, we once more glutted the fotory will record the epoch in its blackest page, and warn posterity to avoid a repetition of the dreadful scene. We must abide the gathering storm, and if driven from the repose of our own In vine and figtree, breast it when it breaks, like men determined upon the salvation of their freedom,-heaven's best gift to man. In the mean time, by the practice of economy and industry, we may struggle through the embarrassing times, and avoid the error which led to them. An appeal to the charity and sympathy of the society becomes necessary; and as an apology for the poverty and brevity of this address, I offer! the awful affliction of a wife, occurring some six weeks since, and a continuance of her agony even to this hour. For the American Farmer. reign markets by shipping 83,940 66 7,968,600 December 31, 1823. "Virginia leaf, of good and fine quality, continues to sell pretty readily, and at high prices, "principally for shipment to Ireland; middling qualities are also become more saleable; but for the low descriptions, there is no demand either "for exportation or for home use." bid. ་་ ་་ "The consumption has not been keeping pace "with the growth; and unless the injury sustain"ed by the last crop in Virginia and Maryland, cause a diminution in the supply, the general prospects do not seem to be favourable, more 5,648,962" especially for the inferior qualities, which, of "all descriptions are abundant every where." Cropper, Benson & Co. Liverpool 1st. Month, 10th, 1824. 6,222,838 66 "The state of tobacco during the month has been so very flat and uninteresting as to admit "Fine Virginia leaf, in consequence of its" of little comment; the sales which have been "scarcity, is as high as at this time last year,“principally to meet the wants of the Irish mar"whilst common qualities, both of Virginia and “ket, amount to 730 hhds., and the import during "Kentucky, are to per lb. lower, and Ken-" the same period has been 939 hhds. In London tucky leaf in particular is extremely difficult"the article has likewise been almost entirely of sale, as few of our manufacturers will use neglected-the operations there have been conEXTRACT FROM AN UNPUBLISHED PAMPHLET," it." W. & J. Brown & Co. Liverpool, 31st" fined to two recent sales by auction, which went ENTITLED "A WARNING VOICE TO COTTON December, 1822. off at a decline of da id per lb. upon preAND TOBACCO PLANTERS, AND GROWERS OF "The importations of tobacco into the king-"vious quotations." Archibald Gracie, Junr. GRAIN." "dom generally last year, are about two thirds Liverpool, 31st January, 1824. Pernicious operation of our present system on" more than that of the former year-and the "The sale for tobacco is very heavy, and the the interests of the Tobacco Planters. "importations into Liverpool nearly double. The" prices quoted are in a great degree nominal; Having, as I trust, established the utter impo-" stock in Liverpool is about 1600 hhds. and in" the only demand experienced, (which is, howlicy of our system as regards our cotton planters," the kingdom generally about 9000 hhds. more" ever very limited,) is for prime leaf and stemI proceed to detail its effects on the t bacco plan- than at the commencement of last year." W." med, for the home trade." Daniel Buchanan, ters, by glutting the foreign markets, the inevita- M. Duncan & Son, Liverpool, January 1st, Liverpool, 7th February, 1824. le consequence of the depression and ruin of the 1823. "Tobacco is uncommonly flat and heavy, and Yet Mr. Garnet, wholly disregarding this ap-have I found that "a second marling is followed by tions of stock which a country possesses, and palling state of things, as regards the staple of results proportionable to the first," nor will its comparing their respective properties and defects. his state, as well as cotton, lately contended in mode of operation justify such expectations. In A Bakewell or a Culley, by great skill, ability, Congress, that the reason of the decline of our every thing else stated by Agrestis, his experience and perseverance, may do much in ameliorating exports was the high duties to which foreign of the effects of marle, agrees entirely with mine. any particular breed, but the improvement of goods are subject! and that if they were reduced, The improvement is evidently progressive, and the general stock of a nation can never take place it would increase the demand for our staples I believe, will continue to increase, until the soil without such meetings as the one which we have abroad! notwithstanding the strong and palpable is brought to its maximum of productiveness, or this day witnessed. The great importance of facts, that our imports exceed our exports that until the new accumulation of vegetable matter, the subject, to which I beg leave to call your at all the markets in the world, wherever our pro- and of acidity, cause a necessity for a second dres- tention, can hardly be questioned. In fact, by ductions are received, are almost constantly glut- sing of marle, which then will operate in the much the largest proportion of the territory of ted with them-and that, in consequence of this same way, and with as much profit, as the first almost every country is devoted to the breeding and the maintenance of its live stock. Out of giut, the prices have been regularly and most ruin- application. ously reduced. When the legislators of a great na- The cleansing effect of marl is also evident.- the 18 millions of acres which Scotland contains, tion enter on the performance of their duties in The plants which are most abundant on acid soils, above 15 millions are devoted to that object.a state of mind so wholly unprepared for the will thrive on no other kind; and therefore, are The live stock are the most essential to the culperformance of those duties, and with views so destroyed at once, when the soil is made calca- tivation of our soil-they supply a large proporradically unsound, it cannot be wondered at, that reous. But your correspondent will not find this tion of our food-they furnish materials for cloa general distress overspreads the face of the clean state of marled land to be permanent thing, and contribute to a variety of our most land-and that the true panacea for our evils, the One set of pests has been removed, only to allow useful accommodations. Objections have been building up a domestic market for the produc- another to succeed. Wire grass, is more benefit-made to the idea of fattening cattle and sheep to tions of the earth, is as ardently opposed as it was ted by marl, than any other plant that I know of; the extent so frequently practised at such shows: during the wars of the French Revolution, when and the increase of this troublesome and inde- but any doubt on that head can only arise from the European demand for our great staples, pre- structible grass, is the only injurious effect of want of proper discrimination. For although, in vented the natural consequences of our unwise marling, that I have yet experienced. Perhaps the course of a number of experiments for asand pernicious system from developing them- blue grass, may be considered in the same way, certaining to what degree animals can be fattened, as I find it now on many parts of my land, where some excesses, from a spirit of rivalship, may it never had been seen until within the last two take place, yet undoubtedly, much advantage "the few sales effected are at very low rates, years. This grass is scarcely ever seen in this must be derived from the knowledge which is " even under my quotations, when pressed on the part of the country, and there is not any where thus obtained regarding the means of fattening "market." Daniel Buchanan, Liverpool, 14th enough to be troublesome, except on the best stock, in a lesser degree, at a moderate expense, neutral soils, which I suppose to have been origi- and calculated for general consumption." February, 1824. nally marled by natural means. selves. TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. MARL, ITS APPLICATION AND EFFECTS ON VARIOUS Your's &c. EDM. RUFFIN. [We shall give in our next, a valuable paper, on the subject of marle, which will be very acceptable to our readers generally, and especially so to our friends on the Eastern Shore of Mary land.]-Edit Am. Par. FRUIT. farmers to their orchards. Some think it unneIt is surprising to notice the inattention of our cessary to cultivate any fruit at all, while a large proportion suffer their lands to be occupied by trees which will neither warm by their wood Prince George, March 12th, 1824. DEAR SIR, nor gratify by their fruit-hundreds of stunted Having been some time from home, I did not apple trees may be seen cumbering the ground, until to-day, see the call on me in the American OPINION OF SIR JOHN SINCLAIR, where a little attention would have produced a Farmer of February 27th, and the private note The great benefactor of agriculture, on the great profitable orchard. The vast difference between from you on the same subject. I feel highly benefit to be expected from the promotion of good and bad apples, peaches and pears, is not in gratified, that your correspondent "Agrestis, Agricultural Associations. many cases, the result of much labour and skill; has experience of the correctness of my opinions We beg respectfully, to recommend the follow- it is effected by some trifling attention to the tree concerning the action and value of marl; and I ing remarks, from the highest authority, to the in its earliest stage. There are few who do not am not only willing, but consider it my duty, to consideration of those members of the legislature like good fruit in its season, and good fruit is selfurnish any information in my power to give, of Maryland, who, at the last session, refused to dom out of season-yet fruit trees are seldom which may be required on account of the imper- give a small donation to the Maryland Agricul- attended to, and their qualities still less mindfections of my former statement. I do not wish, tural Society, to be distributed all over the state, ed. A farmer with an orchard of 80 or 100 trees, however, to fatigue your readers, by repeating in agricultural premiums. The sum asked for is too often contented if four or five of them bear what has already been stated; and as the request would not have taxed any inhabitant of the state a palatable apple, the rest,' he will say will do of Agrestis for information, is general, I shall the fiftieth part of one cent, and would have had to make cider.' Now the same attention and confine my remarks to the particular subjects the effect of an agricultural society in each coun- care which brought up the ninety-four bad and suggested, by his account, of the effects of marlty of it; but we must suppose they were right, six good trees, would have produced the whole one noticed by him in Maryland. the ways of the wise, are said to be, often in- hundred of the best quality—and farmers begin Since my former communication on this sub-scrutable to vulgar eyes -Edit. Am. Far. to learn, that the quality of the cider depends ject, (contained in your 3d vol.) I have marled upon the apple. Some body has said that "plantmore than 250 acres, or about 400 in all-and my Under the auspices of the Highland Society, ing trees was among the duties which the prelonger experience has more strongly confirmed my the second shew of Fat Cattle took place at Edin-sent generation owes the next;" if so, let our opinion of the value of this manure, as well as burgh, on the 10th December last, when a great agriculturists discharge the duty towards their the truth of the theory of its action. But I have number of excellent specimens of Cattle, Sheep, chi'dren better than our predecessors have to us; Lever obtained any results so profitable as those and Pigs, were exhibited. do not continue to cultivate trees which can promentioned by Agrestis, "that old worn out At the dinner Sir John Sinclair presided, and duce nothing but crabbed unpalatable fruit, mere"clay soils, that were literally good for nothing, on the cloth being removed, he addressed the ly, because we found such in our fields, lest our "have been regenerated by marle alone, and pre-meeting as follows: children say "Our Fathers have eaten sour "sent the appearance of our best and natively "I have long wished to see meetings assem grapes, and our teeth are set on edge with them." good lands. I still believe that the use of cal-bled in Scotland for promoting the improvement Apropos, of grapes, this is the season for trimcareous manures, will not be found very profita- of our live stock, and I am happy to find that, ming the vines, which should be effected with ble, except on lands not grazed, or which are in under the auspices of the Highland Society of precautions against a loss of sap. The astosome other way furnished with vegetable matter. Scotland, they have commenced in this metropo- nishing increase of the vine in this city and viciOn acid soils, (not grazed,) I expect a dressing is with so much probability of success. Such nity, shews what may be done by a little attenof 500 bushels of marle to the acre, to increase meetings are of great use in various respects;tion, patience and care. Grapes of a very delithe first crop from 50 to 100 per cent.—and under they are the means of circulating valuable infor- cious flavour now form a common dessert. The peculiar circumstances, have attained nearly 200 mation-they excite a spirit of improvement, and same attention in this country and a little more per cent. increase; but as all such land was very much advantage is derived from the discussions patience would produce the same beneficial repoor, even this great improvement, leaves it which they occasion, and from the opportunities sults in regard to apples, pears, and peaches.much inferior to natural rich soils. Neither, which they afford of viewing the various descrip-Our market is every season overstocked with peaches; yet we have very few that are consi- of May, when the work was resumed, and the On the 8th August, last year, the early crawdered of a superior quality, while cart Joads are house finished. As soon as the walls were dryford were selling in the fruit market at 5s. a sleek. hourly exhibited, to unprovoked appetites. The they were rough cast without, and white washed the few that have been sold this season have fact is, for want of due attention, a great propor- within; and now, after enduring the storms of sold at 17s. a sleek. [Query, what is a "sleek?” three winters, I cannot perceive that any part of tion of our fruit is SALT. the roughcasting, which is exposed to the weath- or somewhat higher in those parts of the country Of New Holland, Frenchmen, STRENGTH, With the 0 0 69 2 22 1 71 4 23 8 In July last, I built another house of this kind, Englishmen, A specimen of coarse salt manufactured by B. 30 feet by 16, with a chimney and partition in The Dynanometer is, however, of most prácByington, at Salina, in the western part of this the middle, making two very good and comforta- tical utility as a means of ascertaining the strength state, has lately been analysed in this city by Mr.ble lodging rooms, for my house servants. This of draught cattle. G. Chilton, Chemist, and is proved to be superi- trial has succeeded as well as the first. My oror in purity to any salt ever known in this mar ket. The following is the statement of Mr. dinary field hands were the only labourers employed in making the pisé work of both these Draining Lakes in Holland.-The States of the Chilton:-The specimen of coarse salt left with buildings. I have the foundation laid for another, province of Holland opened their session on the me for examination, and which was manufactur- which I expect to build in a few weeks, and when 7th instant. The Governor, in his speech, informed by Mr. Byington, at Salina, in the state of New York, proves by a careful analysis to be shed, I hope to have it in my power to fur-ed the Assembly, that a plan for draining the nish additional evidence, of the superiority of Lake of Haarlem and the Bylmeer was under muriate of soda nearly pure, 1000 parts by weight this mode of building, over every other now consideration. He concluded by holding out a yielded 994 parts muriate of soda, 5 oz. sulphate practised in this country, both for cheapness, and confident expectation of this great undertaking of lime, and 5 muriate of magnesia, without any the expedition with which the work may be car- being accomplished. The lake of Haarlem, which sensible deposite of insoluble matter. A compa-ried on, and inferior to none when well executed, communicates with the Zuyder Zee by the river rative estimate of its value may be obtained in point of durability, external appearance, and Y., is extensive, but not deep; it is about fourteen from the following table of results of the ana- internal comfort. The houses which I have miles long, and from seven to ten broad. lysis of the different varieties of salt by Dr. built are small, but I am satisfied, that buildings ing to tradition, it was formed in the year 860, at Henry. of any dimensions may be made in this way. I the same time that the Rhine was intercepted by Pure Muriate have not experienced the difficulties complained the formation of sand banks near Catwyck; but Soda of by Mr. Cocke of Va. in a letter published in some persons who have investigated the subject, Vol. 3d, page 157 of the American Farmer, and are of opinion that this event must have taken am of opinion, that nothing but delay would be place at a period considerably more recent It ! gained, by making the pise work in blocks, and is stated in old chronicles, that an irruption of the building afterwards as with brick and mortar, in-sea destroyed at once seventeen villages, and, acstead of building upon the foundation, according cording to accounts published not many years ago, to the original method. 1000 parts consist of kinds of Salt. From bay St, Ubes, salt 960 St. Martins,. 9591 Oteron, 9643 It is believed that Mr. Byington's process is si W. W. A. Statesburgh, S. C. March 15th, 1824. Extracts from late English papers. The fruit in the after-mentioned orchards was milar to that which, in England, has been em-sold on the 28th ult. (September 1823,) by public ployed many years in the manufacture of Coarse Salt by artificial heat, and which salt, in that roup, (auction,) at the following prices, viz. country, is considered inferior for the packing of Cambusnethan, the property of Rt. provisions, to the Bay salt, or common coarse Lockhart, Esq. of Castlehill, salt, produced by Solar Evaporation. Braefoot, Coltness Estate, Garrionhaugh, do. PISÉ. Mode of building-Its durability and economy by experiment in South Carolina. TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. do. £175 0 0 Accord vestiges of habitations were still to be seen.There is a popular story of a nobleman who resided in this part of Holland escaping from the great inundation, in consequence of observing a marine fish in one of the lakes of his estate. He hence concluded that the sea was undermining part of the coast which served as a bulwark against it, and immdeiately removed with his family. A contract is concluded with regard to the Bylmeer, and the works are to commence next spring. 11 5 0 NEWSPAPERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 30 0 0 It has been ascertained, by the Postmaster Garrion, the property of Lord Belhaven. 9 0 0 General, that there are five hundred and ninety Dalserf, do. of Col. Campbell, 104 0 0 eight newspapers published in the United States, Do. of Mrs. Patterson, 112 0 0 viz.In Maine £441 5 0 Newhampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Dear Sir, In a letter which I had occasion to write to you Manse of Dalzell, Rev. Mr. Clason in the beginning of the year 1821, I mentioned Kinniegar, Mr. Mack, that I was about to make an experiment upon Carfin, Mr. Stewart, pisé building, by the directions contained in a Clydesmill, Mr. Craig, book, published by S. W. Johnson of New Bruns- Mr. Paton's Hamilton, wick-I commenced early in April of that year, Jarvieston, building a house 14 feet square, with walls 18 inches thick, for a dairy. It happened to be an extremely wet month, and it became necessary the above orchards were sold last year: Virginia 35 North Carolina 10 South Carolina 12 Total, This number is ascertained, with the town or 170 0 0 village in which each paper is published. There one course, which remained without injury, (al-Garrion, the property of Lord Belhaven, 214 0 0 are probably a few scattering papers not yet rethough not very well protected,) until the middle Carfin, to stop the work, on account of the frequent Cambusnethan, rains, and wetness of the earth, after completing Garrion Haugh, £600 0 0 38 0 olported to the Department.-Nat. Int. No. 1.] Statement of the Commerce of each State and which we hardly think can be delayed beyond particulars, but we still insist that the names of the Territory, commencing on the first day of Oc-January, 1825. tober, 1822, and ending on the 30th of September, 1823. THE TWO STEERS raised and fattened by 891,644 One six years old-wt. of Beef 3331 lbs. THE FARMER. 371,770 1304 lbs. Massachusetts, 17,697,160 252 Vermont, 62,242 146 Rhode Island, 1,412,953 933,114 One five years old-wt. of Beef 1296 Connecticut, New York, 29,421,349 19,038,990 Rough Tallow 202 130 New Jersey, 5,933 Pennsylvania, 13,696,770 26,064 9,617,192 Delaware, 60,124 Maryland, 4,946,179 53,817 6,030,228 District Columbia,] Virginia, 681,810 4,006,788 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 670,705 4,293,636 Louisiana, 4,283,125 A labama, 125,770 7,779,072 Ohio, 161 Michigan Territ'y, 2,159 Florida Territory, 4,808 1,010 1,510 BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, MARCH 26, 1824. ТОВАССО. Inspection. planters and inspectors, should in all the cases TOBACCO TRADE. Extract of a letter from an American gentleman a shipper of Baltimore now in Bremen, to of tobacco in this city. BREMEN, Jan. 25, 1824. Having been requested by Mr. Frederick Rodewald to examine a parcel of tobacco consigned by you to him, I have found after a close examination, the following to be the result, between the Bremen and American samples, viz: No. 125, a difference of 40 per cent. in favour of the American sample-this hogshead is falsely hacked, as I perceived tobacco in the same, between the American breaks, worth about three or four dollars. No. 123, this hogshead is packed in the same manner, only much worse, therefore I conceive the difference to be full 66 2-3 per Allegation of fraudulent packing, and unfaithful cent. No. 143, the American sample represents detriment, by the suggestion of fraud, which has, The above state of your tobacco evidently had no existence, or that if fraud have been com- shews great fraud, which I perceive by the hhds. mitted, the authors should be designated. When, to have been principally done by the plantersIt may be well, Messrs. Editors, to give in if ever deceptious packing shall be practised and the samples however of some, have no doubt your paper some explanations of the statement connived at by inspectors, the general character been changed or the inspection has been very recently furnished to Congress by the Treasury, of the whole article from the state, will be dis- unfair. Nos. 125, 123, 143, 147, 144 and 134, of the situation of the Bank United States, that credited, and the reputation of the whole com- are infamously false packed, the manner of at one view we may see the progressive improve-munity, employed in its production, will be taint- which, you have often seen, therefore I can only ment in this valuable institution, in which many ed by the improper conduct of a few of its un-say it is done in the usual way, by packing trash of your subscribers are deeply interested. We worthy members, especially in the estimation of between the Inspector's breaks in the fine tobacwill compare, the Loans on the 1st January 1823, foreigners; for the more distant the point of ob- cos. I have also found, in hhds. 7821 and 7822, servation, the greater will be the difficulty of dis-a considerable quantity of green tobacco as linwith those for last Januarytinguishing the black sheep, and the whole flocking, which does not appear in the samples taken Louns. Jan. 1823. Jan. 1824. Increase. are thus liable to be underrated, by the blemish- with you. On personal security, 22597034 21 es of a few. Hence we contend, that the plant- You may depend on the samples having been hesitation in declaring our thorough conviction, I am sorry to communicate bad news, but hope any. volt more instinctively at the idea of committing To the Editor of the Morning Chronicle. SIR-I perfectly agree with the writer in your It is not then on light testimony, or a partial paper of Thursday morning, signed "A looker disclosure of circumstances, that we should put on," that the gentleman who furnished the exabroad rumours of fraud and collusion in packing tract, should not have stopped there, but should and inspecting. It is hardly sufficient in these ca- have given the names of all concerned; that not ses to give the numbers of the hogsheads, and the being done, I take the liberty of giving the folnames of the warehouses these particulars lowing statement of facts relative to the tobacco ought to be accompanied with the names of the inspected at Smith's warehouse, as they present inspectors and planters. It is due to them, that fed themselves at the time, and leave the public they should have an opportunity of self exculpa- to judge of this matter for themselves, and let 1388819 53 tion; it is no less due to all other planters, that censure fix, where censure is deserved. they may clear their skirts of suspicion-they The extract alluded to, is from a letter from This increase in loans too, during a period of have a right to demand day and date, where re- Mr. Rignal Mullekin, now in Bremen, to Mr. general stagnation of business. It is very grati-putation is involved, surmises should be reduced Dennis F. Magruder, of this place. fying to see, that this valuable institution is gra- to names and facts, for dually developing its resources, and we trust the time is not far distant under its present judicious management, when the stockholders will receive ample remuneration for their investments, and the risk they have run. "Rumour doth double, like the voice and echo, Eight hogsheads out of thirteen mentioned in the extract, were inspected at Smith's warehouse, and six at Calhoun's;* how eight and six should We have often heard of false packing, and col-make thirteen, I am really at a loss to know. lusive inspection, demonstrated by a material va- No. 143 in the extract, made by Isaac Bowen In the present situation of things, this stock is riance between the American and the Bremen of Calvert county, (IB3820)-this was a hogshead undeniably the best permanent investment of samples, those rumours are now presented in a of seconds, sold with a large parcel from that - much more specific shape than usual, that we money that can be made, looking as well to the Richard Mackall, inspector. security, as to the probable increase of dividend, are called upon to furnish our readers with the |