No. IV.-CATTLE. The committee have awarded to Thomas Hay No. VI.-SWINE. To Gov. Stevens the premium of three dollars The committee appointed to award the pre-for the two second best wethers over two years ward, Esq. of Talbot County, for his bull Hamp-miums on Swine, encountered a task of great dif-jold. ton, by Bergami, the first premium of $15. ficulty. The extensive range of apartments, and To Gov. Stevens the premium of five dollars for To Nicholas Hammond, Esq. for his Buffaloe the highly gratifying manner in which they were the two best wethers under two years old. bull, of 30 months old, the second premium of $10. literally filled, furnished abundant evidence of the To Gov. Stevens the premium of three dollars To Dr. E. Harris of Queen Ann's County for salutary and widely diffused influence of our in-for the two second best wethers under two years his bull calf, by Champion, under 2 and over 1stitution, and of the laudable ambition and enter- old. year old, the third premium of $10. prize of our farmers. The committee will remark, that all the sheep They also award to Dr. Harris the volunteer The number of the competitors, and the strong for which these premiums have been awarded, premium of $25, offered by Col. Lloyd, for the claims, of even the least deserving, to distinction are of mixed Bakewell blood, with pretty good best bull calf by Champion. conspired to make the selection, in some respects, fleeces, shewing good form and much aptitude to To E. S. Winder, of Talbot Co. for his bull a matter rather of chance than of judgment: the fat. There were many other parcels of sheep calf, by Champion, under 2 and over 1 year old, committee, however, deem it proper to remark offered, and the committee cannot omit to distin the second premium of $5. that their chief difficulty lay in deciding on the guish a parcel of fine wethers offered by Nicholas first merits of the females, and this difficulty was in- Hammond, Esq. of mixed Merino blood, having creased by the imperfect and unsatisfactory terms good forms and fleeces; and a parcel exhibited by To S. T. Kennard, of Easton, the second pre-in which they were described by their respective Col. Daniel Martin, which from extraordinary mium of $10, for his red cow. proprietors-for errors arising from this cause, size, heaviness of fleece, and good form, indicate To the Rev. Thomas Bayne, of Talbot Co, the the committee cannot be held responsible-it is peculiar properties suited to a mixture with the third premium of $5, for his red cow. not necessary here to point out the properties in Bakewell blood. The crosses between the South which the perfection of this useful domestic con- Down (much in their character resembling the sists; but for a breeder there are certain cardinal Colonel's flock) and Bakewell blood, has been repoints which cannot be ascertained by intuition, commended highly by one of the most practical and which are necessary to be known, in forming as well as scientific breeders of stock in Penna correct judgment; among which we may desig-sylvania. nate a capacity for nursing and early maturity To Andrew Skinner, of Talbot Co. the premium of $15, for his black cow. For the best heifer under 2 years old, to Gov. Wright, of Queen Ann's Co, for his fine red heifer. For the second best heifer, to Henry Hollyday, Esq. of Talbot Co. for his heifer by Champion. Wm. Potter, W. Hayward, Jr. Thomas Emory, Allen Thomas, No. VIII. and fecundity-with these essentials, defects may [In addition to the above report of the commit- be overlooked,-no symmetry can atone for the tee on cattle, which goes no further than a spe- want of them. To take a particular notice of cific awarding of premiums; we must mention the various beauties and exellencies of such as that the show of cattle was superior to the last are not selected for premium, would afford in- IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY. exhibition of those animals; and it is gratifying dividual pleasure to the committee, but would The committee appointed to view and decide to find, that the fine breed of Mr. Lloyd's Cham- swell this report beyond the limits prescribed to upon the merits of the different implements of pion, and Mr. Skinner's Bergami are beginning to them, and they conclude with a conviction that husbandry exhibited at the Easton Cattle Show, be widely dispersed. Mr. Lloyd had several young any oversight on their part will be amply com- held in Nov. 1824, having performed the duties bulls as well as bull calves, of his own raising, pensated by the universal admiration which this assigned to them with all the skill and judgment merely for exhibition, which were beautiful ani-department of the exhibition attracted. they possess, take leave to report, that they were mals and attracted great attention. Mr. Ham- The committee have awarded to Wm. H. D. C. gratified to find upon the field so many implemon's buffaloe cow was much admired-and du Wright, of Queen Ann's Co. the premium of 8, ments of good construction and apparently well ring the show, there was a bull calf and heifer of for the best boar, for figure, size and early maturity. calculated to answer the purposes for which they Mr Wm. Carmichael's of Queen Ann's, of what To Howel Bowers, of Talbot Co. the premi- are respectively designed. But one threshing have been always known here as the Island breed um of $6 for the second best boar, for compact-nachine was exhibited-yet the committee think of Cattle,' that received much attention. The calf ness of form, smallness of bone, and propensity from the best judgment they could form of it by had fine growth and form-the heifer in colour, to fat. inspection and the certificates of most respectafigure and points generally, would have vied with To Casson Bowdle, of Talbot Co. the premium ble agricultural characters on the Western Shore, the best Devon Reds of her age. Indeed there is of $4 for the third best boar, for size, proportion it is fully entitled to the premium offered for the great reason to congratulate the farmers upon and easy keep. best machine of that kind-it is the one invented their recent exertions to get under way in the im- To Thomas Hemsley, of Queen Ann's Co. by Mr. William Kirk, of Baltimore County, and provement of their breed of cattle.] the premium of $8 for the best sow, for large exhibited by Mr. John Morsell of Prince Georges' dimensions, easy keep, and small bone. County, Md. who represents himself as entitled to To Edward N. Hambleton, of Talbot Co. the the patent right for the Eastern Shore of Marypremium of $6 for the second best sow, for early land, and authorises the committee to say the growth, symmetry, and prolific qualities. price fo the same will be $100 for it complete. A straw cutter invented by Mr. Michael H. Bonville, of Kent County, Delaware, was shewn, price fifty dollars, which the committee think a substantial and simple machine, but inferior to Mr. Eastman's, heretofore exhibited on our field. No. V.-OXEN. The committee on Oxen have awarded to Mr. Samuel W. Thomas, of Queen Ann's Co. the first premium of $15, for his yoke of oxen, brindle and pied, uncommonly large & well matched, as to size To Robert Wright, of Queen Ann's Co. the second premium of $10, for his young red steers, beautiful animals and stout for their age. To Thomas Coward, of Talbot Co. the first premium of $10, for his large corn fed steer-no competition, but considered worthy of a premium. For the best grass fed beef no premium. To Samuel W. Thomas, of Queen Ann's Co. the premium of $4 for the third best sow, for early fecundity, and capacity for nursing. Robert Brown, No. VII.-SHEEP. It is with regret that the committee on oxen have to say, that nothing as a grass fed beef was The committee on sheep having discharged the presented for their inspection that could be con-duty of examination of the different parcels offered sidered any ways extraordinary, and a majority for premium, take leave to report to the Society, of the members present could not be had in favour the following decisions. of any one of the animals presented, of course That the Society's premium of eight dollars be no premium could be awarded. awarded to Dr. Denny for the best ram over two years old. On the contrary the oxen presented for their inspection were unanimously considered as fine animals, amongst which a yoke belonging to Mr. James Macoomb of Caroline, was well worthy of attention, though not equal in their opinion to those for which they have awarded premiums. Wm. Harrison, of Jus. Mr. John W. Cragg exhibited a wheat fan, price eighty dollars, of apparently excellent construction and good workmanship-but the committee think its various machinery makes it too complicated for the use of the generality of farmers-it is well calculated for large milling estab lishments. A wheat fan of different construction from the hrst mentioned was offered by Mr. Robert Sinclair of Baltimore, price twenty-five dollars, which the committee think a good one, and well calculated for the use of most farmers. To Gov. Stevens, the Society's premium of five There was a good shew of ploughs from the dollars for the second best ram over two years old. different establishments of Messrs. Palmer & To Edward S. Winder, Esq. the premium of Sinclair of Baltimore, none of which the comeight dollars for the best ewe over one year old. mittee think it necessary to notice particularly, To Charles Nabb, Esq. the premium of five except the self sharpening plough, which we dollars for the second best ewe over one year old. think entitled to the premium for the best impleThe committee on sheep have awarded to Gov. ment that may be considered new, and as deserStevens the premium of five dollars for the two ving of the notice of the society and worthy of best wethers over two years old. patronage, and Mr. Ramsay's plough with four mould boards which the committee think a useful, most adviseable to be taken to prevent the depo-nerally as the common wasp. The wings of the labor saving implement to put in fallow wheat site of the eggs from which they were produced. female flies are of a deep shining indigo colour; where the ground is clear. I continued my enquiries therefore after the pawhile those of the males are rather reticulated, rent flies during the ensuing season; but through and more like the wings of the common house my awkwardness and ignorance of their habits it fly. The females are further beautified by a scarwas not until the summer before last that I found let coloured ring round their bodies. The speci. by chance, at an early hour in the morning, a very mens herewith sent were taken out of the earth beautiful fly near to the roots of one of my trees, yesterday in their pupa or chrysalis state, at the just in the act of emerging from its shell; and root of a decaying peach tree, and kept under a before its wings were fully expanded, I placed a tumbler in my office until the flies have just come glass tumbler over it: and thus to my great satis-out. A wheat cradle was exhibited by Mr. John Denny of Qucen Anns' which the committee would notice as an excellent one of its kind, and worthy the attention of all farmers-all of which is respectively submitted. EDWD. TILGHMAN, 3d Chairman. (To be concluded in our next.) Horticulture. FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER. ON THE PEACH TREE INSECT. obliging as to furnish us (See American Farmer, other distinguished gentlemen, on the decay of the Peach; which has now become so universal, as to merit general attention. The immediate cause of this calamity is justly attributed by every person, who has written on the subject, to a worm; that perforates the roots of the Peach trees, on which it feeds; leaving our beautiful orchards little better than a barren waste of dead and decaying limbs. The method adopted by the late Dr. Tilton, of Delaware, to preserve his trees was, it appears, to draw the dirt from the tree in the fall, then to pour boiling water on the roots to kill the worms; and in the spring following to return the soil again to the tree in the form of a hill. Mr. William Coxe, of Burlington, New-Jersey, searched the roots of his trees summer and fall; and finally by opening the ground he left a kind of basin about the trees, to hold water, the freezing of which during the ensuing winter he supposed would destroy any of the worms that might elude his previous search. John H Cocke, Esq. of Virginia, used tobacco, bound round the body of the tree, just at the surface of the earth, encircling the With great respect, faction I obtained for the first time a fair view of I send also the covering and the shell out of Your obedient and humble servant, JAMES SMITH. To this letter Dr. Say politely returned me the following answer:"Philadelphia, July 26th, 1824. Dr. James Smith Dear Sir, I regret the circumstance of my being absent at the time you did me the favour to Mr. Thomas Saycall on your way from New-York. But as it is I Dear Sir,-Dr. James Smith, of Baltimore, is shall feel much gratified to communicate to you now with me and we are examining together, the any Zoological information in my power, and beg larva chrysalis and imago of the insect that de- you to command me freely in that way. On the ter satisfaction to submit the specimens to you, as to the Journal of the Academy of Natural Scienstroys our peach trees. I told him for his bet- present occasion I can do no more than refer you correct and scientific opinion; and for that pur- Worth, on the Ogesia exitiosa, the peach tree inour greatest proficient in entomology, for a more ces, vol. 3, page 216, for a paper by Mr. James pose I write him this note of introduction. sect. The specimens you sent me, and for which I hope the history of this great class of Zoology I thank you, are certainly of the same species as may soon receive its due proportion of attention, Mr. Worth's insect. I propose to figure it in the and that your splendid attempt to enlarge and em- second half volume of my American Entomology, bellish it, may soon be resumed with perfect suc cess. Truly, and with high esteem and regard, SAMUEL L. MITCHELL." But I was again disappointed and had to return part where the fly that produces these worms de- home without attaining the object of my call on posite their eggs. The deleterious quality of the Dr. Say, or injoying the pleasure of a personal in tobacco it was supposed prevented the approach terview with him. I therefore addressed the folof the fly. But notwithstanding all these various lowing letter to him:— methods that have been resorted to to prevent it, we still find that our orchards are decaying; and the peach is at this time unknown on many farms that formerly yielded the greatest abundance of this delicious fruit. “Baltimore, 22d July, 1824. i and shall, therefore, further thank you for any additional information, resulting from your own observations, relative to its manners and habits, or to those of any other injurious insect. It seems to me to be highly necessary to devote more attention to destructive insects than has been hitherto done. Mr. Worth's plan of destroying the peach insect, may probably be the best; but that of plastering common bricklayers mortar about, or near to the root of the tree, as recommended in one of the late numbers of the American Farmer, seems to promise well to be a somewhat lasting protection. *** Dr. Thomas SayDear Sir,-I enclose a note from Dr. Mitchell which I hoped to have had the pleasure to deliver I am, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, in person, when on my way home from New-York, Being anxious to obtain all the information I could a few days since: but you were not in when I THOMAS SAY." on this subject, I undertook a few years since to called, and I had but an hour or two to spend in On reference to the Journal of the Academy of examine for myself and enquire more minutely Philadelphia, Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I have found into the Natural History of these destructive in With this you will receive specimens of the in- the following communication, which I have copi sects: hoping that if I could develope their un-sect to which the Doctor alludes. I am anxious ed, and beg you will have the goodness to give known habits more fully, I would be able with to learn from you the proper name and character it a place in your valuable paper. greater certainty to secure my trees from their of this insect; and I hope if we can make this ravages. I searched and readily found the worms little enemy more generally known to our fellowthemselves, in different stages of their growth, citizens, we will enable them to preserve a tree, all perforating the roots of the trees and cutting than which none can add more to their health and up their substance into small bits like saw dust; enjoyments. I am, with great respect, Peach tree. By JAMES WORTH. Read Jan. 7, 1823. but I could not discover any fly that I could sus- So far as I have ascertained the history of this An account of the INSECT so destructive to the pect as being the parent of these depredators.-insect it is this:-it is found in the larva or worm On the 22d Nov. 1821, I took up a tree of about state, at all seasons, living and depredating upon three years growth; out of the roots of which, the roots of the peach trees, which it kills in a In July last, I furnished to Thomas Say the during the summer previous, I had taken a num- few years. The worm is of a dull white colour, male and female of the insect so destructive to ber of worms, about half an inch in length; and I about an inch in length, having a yellow head fur- the peach tree, and he has favoured me with the now got about a dozen more, that had come nearly nished with strong teeth for eutting and boring its following scientific description of them, viz: to their full growth-some of them being an inch way into the trees. When the larva attains its EGERIA, Fabricius. and others nearly an inch and quarter long-they full growth it leaves the tree and descending into "E. exitiosa. MALE. Body steel blue: antenna were all of a whitish colour inclining to brown-the earth, forms a covering for itself out of the saw hairy on the inner side, black with a tinge of blue: their heads dark brown and furnished in front dust it makes and the gum and mucilage which palpi beneath, and basal band of the head above with a pair of strong nippers, with which they exudes with with it from the wounded roots of and beneath, pale yellow eyes black brown: readily cut or bored their way into the roots of the tree. In this covering the worm lays secure thorax with two pale yellow longitudinal lines the trees. But in as much as I had not been able in its pupa state, and until it is ready to cast its and a transverse one behind interrupted above, a to detect the parent fly I was still obliged to re-skin or shell; when it pushes out to the surface of spot of the same colour beneath the origin of the main, as uncertain as at first, what plan was the the ground and emerges a perfect fly, as large ge- wings: wings hyaline, uervures and margin steel mal. 0 DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS blue, more dilated on the costal margin and anas- matter that oozes from the tree. It appears in, fected; the ground had not been ploughed tor tomosing band of the superior wings: feet, coxa, the winged state from the tenth of July to the be- three years and had become quite covered with two bands on the tibia including the spines, inci- ginning of August, but more generally the latter grass. In the spring of the current year, I had it sures of the posterior tarsi and anterior tarsi be- part of July. well broken up, and kept clean during the sumhind, pale yellow: abdomen with two very nar- On the tenth of July last, I examined my trees, mer: the trees soon assumed a healthy appearrow pale yellow bands, of which one is near the and found twenty follicles and about thirty of the ance and furnished a plentiful supply of fine fruit, base and the other on the middle: tail fringed, larva; four of the follicles were empty, the in-and the whole orchard is now in the most flourthe fringe margined with white each side. sect having passed into the winged state; the re- ishing condition, and I believe, there will be no "Length to the tip of the tail more than three-maining sixteen contained the pupa; the larva difficulty in keeping it in that state. fourths of an inch. were near the surface of the ground, having com"Length to the tip of the wings one-tenth of pleted their destructive career. an inch shorter. Many remedies have been prescribed for the "FEMALE. Body very dark steel blue with a disease to which that very valuable fruit tree, tinge of purple: palpi beneath black; thorax the peach, is subjected, by the depredation of the Staggers.-This disease has been usually dividimmaculate inferior wings hyaline, with an insect here treated of; but those remedies have ed into two kinds; viz. the sleepy and the mad opaque margin, and longitudinal line, the latter been prescribed without a proper examination of staggers. The latter disease is noticed under the and the costal margin are dilated: tergum with the case. I will mention a few of them. Hot head Brain, Inflmed, the former under that of the fifth segment bright fulvous. water, tanner's bark, and flour of sulphur have Lethargy. I have there observed, that the dis"Lenth seven-tenths of an inch. been recommended to be applied to the root of ease described by Mr. Poole under that name, as "The PUPA has too semifacia of spines upon the tree; and soft soap and lime-wash to the having occurred so frequently and proved so fatal, each of the segments excepting the three termi- trunk, without stating the time of application. before the moors were enclosed, differs from the nal ones, which have a single row only. Now, I am sure that neither of these can have disorder which in the first volume of the Veteri"The FOLLICLE is brown oblong-oval, and is any effect in destroying the insect, unless applied nary Medicine has been named Stomach Staggers, composed of small pieces of bark and earth, when it is on the outside of the tree, and coming in the length of time it continued before the aniclosely connected together by the web of the ani- in immediate contact therewith; nevertheless, mal died, which was, he says, sometimes two any thing that nourishes the tree, may enable it months. The disorder, therefore, which he de"The very great disparity of markings be- to resist an attack which it could not sustain in a scribes, though resembling staggers in some retween the sexes of this destructive species, would weakly state. The boxing around the trunk, and spects, is probably of a different kind, and causlead us to hesitate in admitting their identity, if filling with ashes, sand, or other matter, or hilling ed by the narcotic or other poisonous qualities we were not aware that in this genus the males with earth, during the summer, and laying the of ragwort, the operation of which is perhaps and females in several instances, differ exceeding-roots bare in winter, I think a very injurious promoted by the cold and exposed situation in ly from each other. In the present instance this practice and often proves fatal to the tree; it is which the animals are kept. In vol. iii. p. 83, a difference is so great, as to render it difficult to about as natural as that a man should be clothed disease is described, the symptoms of which nearly .construct a specific character which shall distin- in warm weather, and go naked in cold; and resemble those of stomach staggers, which raged guish them from all others of the genus. After where any good has been derived by such prac-with great violence in Glamorganshire. "In one a careful examination of Entomological works, I tice, it has not been owing to the extra covering year," my correspondent at Swansea informed have not been able to find any notice whatever of in summer, or the exposure of the roots in win-me, "a neighbour of ours lost more than a hundred this species, I therefore describe it as new." ter, but simply by using some nutritious substance horses by it, and the next year we lost about 30. In a communication which I sometime ago made that gave new vigour to the tree. The symptoms you mention as distinguishing stoto the Agricultural Society of Bucks County, I The best plan of guarding against the ravages mach-staggers are exactly such as occur here; described the general appearance of the insect in of the insect which I have found, is to exainine and the distinction you point out between this and the winged state, and made some mention of the the trees early in the month of July; take a brain-staggers is correct; but, beside the sympegg; but the only opportunity which I have had bricklayer's trowel and opening the ground around toms you mention, the animal is subjected to a of examining the egg, was in a glass tumbler, the trunk, the lodgment of the insect will at once general convulsive affection, frequently attempts where the insect was confined; and in that case, be discovered, by the appearance of gum, and can to stale, discharging a little urine at a time, by the deposite might have been prematurely made. readily be destroyed: one person can thus exa- shoots, as if convulsed; and most commonly the The eggs thus observed were oblong-oval, just mine more than one hundred trees in less than horse's jaw is locked some time previous to his discernible by the naked eye and of a dull yellow half a day, and very few, if any, of the insects death." Symptoms of stomach or symptomatic colour, and were attached to the side of the tum-will escape. But, in order the more effectually staggers: the horse hangs down his head or rests bler, with a glutinous substance. I have not yet to destroy them, I would advise, that from the it in the manger; appears drowsy, reiuses his been so fortunate as to ascertain satisfactorily, on first to the middle of August, some swingling food; the tongue and mouth are tinged of a yel. what part of the tree the deposite is made. I tow, a piece of hairy hide, (the hair inside, but lowish colour; the membrane under the eye-hd have never seen the female at rest, except in one turned over at top) or some other coarse thing of is generally more deeply tinged, approaching to a instance on the leaf, and it may be possible, that six or more inches in width, be tied close around dusky orange colour. There is a slight convulthere is the place of deposite; but I am inclined the trunk of the tree, the under edge to be a lit-sive motion or twitching of the muscles of the to believe, that it is made somewhere on the trunk, tle covered with earth, so as to prevent any pas-chest, the fore legs appear suddenly to give way and attached to it in the same manner as in the sage beneath; about the middle of September re- at times, as if the horse would fall, but this seltumbler above mentioned. move the bandage, and immediately give the dom happens; and he rarely lies down, unless the The larva is white with a reddish brown head, whole trunk of the tree a covering of soft soap or disease is going off, or death is approaching.— but it is so generally known, that it is unnecessary lime-wash, well brushed on, that no spot from the The pulse is never affected in the early stage of to describe it particularly. It commences its ope- head to the root may remain untouched. Per- this complaint, but when the disease continues rations the last of September and beginning of haps a decoction of tobacco or some other wash four or five days, inflammation of the bowels and October, and appears to enter the tree a little be- might do better; even hot water would be effec- lungs sometimes takes place. The disease is allow the surface of the ground where the bark is tual where the tree was sufficiently hardy to bear ways attended with costiveness, and the dung that tender: it cuts through the bark and passes down- the application; or, it may be that the wash is drawn off by raking is generally hard and slimy. wards into the root, then turns its course upwards would answer the purpose without the bandage, The urine is generally in small quantity; and in and again reaches the surface by the beginning of (and I am now trying the experiment) but where the latter stage of the disorder i have known a July following. It is, however, some times diffi- the bandage is dispensed with, the wash ought, I retention of urine take place, probably from a cult to disco ver the precise place where the worm think, to be applied about the first of September, paralytic state of the bladder. I have sometimes enters, as it is then so small, that the aperture is or I should have great confidence in a bandage of observed, that on opening the stable door, the scarcely discernible, and hence the very absurd tobacco leaves or stems; it should be kept on horse appears to be roused for a time, pricks up notions that are entertained by many individuals from the first of August to November, and could his ears, and neighs. In the latter stage of the respecting the propagation of some insects, and do no damage by being continued, provided it was discase the jaw sometimes becomes locked. It the error prevalent in the present case, that the not tied so close as to cramp the growth of the has been clearly proved, by opening horses that insect while in the winged state, punctures the tree. have died of this complaint, that the symptoms tree and lodges the egg within the bark. The But there are causes of decline, other than that arise from the stomach being crammed or distendpupa state commences about the first of July, but of the insect, and a principal one is, the not stir-ed with dry undigested food; but it has not been more generally takes place about the middle of ring of the ground; I apprehend, that the dis- clearly ascertained what it is that causes this loss that month, and is to be found enveloped in its ease called "yellows" is often thus occasioned. of power in the stomach, in consequence of which follicle, close to the trunk, among the gummy Last year my peach orchard was considerably af- it becomes incapable of performing its fanctions. From considering the variety of circumstances is owing, perhaps, more to the inattention of the The total increase of receipts for and situations in which the disease takes place, it proprietor of the horse, than the obstinacy of the the three quarters specified, is $42,767 14. appears probable that different causes may pro- disease, that it so often proves fatal. The accounts registered for the quarter endduce the same disorder, but in various degress.- The ball:-Calomel, three drams; ing on the 30th of September last, have not been The lethargy described by Mr. Poole, which apCarbonate of ammonia, two drams; all examined, but it is calculated that the repears to be caused by the plant ragwort, is perGinger, three drams; ceipts will exceed, by fifteen thousand dollars, haps the same disease as that which occurred Aloes, six drams.-Syrup enough the receipts of the corresponding quarter of the near Swansea, only in a less accute form; and the to form a ball. previous year, which will make an augmentation cases that have come under my observation, The hard dung should be drawn from the rectum, of receipts, for the four quarters, of about fiftythough originating perhaps in a different cause and opening clysters injected. The ball should seven thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven from either of the former, is precisely the same be followed by some stimulating fluid, which dollars. disorder; in a more acute form than that caused should be frequently repeated. When the dung The total amount of receipts for by ragwort, but less so than the disease which becomes soft, and the horse appears to be getting postage for the three quarters above appeared near Swansea. Mr. Poole appears to better, let him drink frequently oatmeal or wheat stated, is be an accurate observer, and it is to be regretted flour gruel; a little cordial medicine may also be that he did not examine the horses and cows that given, but he must be fed with great care, and be died of this complaint, and prove, by an experi-allowed no hay, for a few days after his recovery. ment, that ragwort reaily possesses that poison- The stimulating fluid above mentioned may be ous quality which he attributes to it. It is possi- composed of warm salt water, with a little comble that the disappearance of the disease may pound spirit of ammonia or mustard. have been occasioned by the improved state of the land, and a want of noxious exhalations in consequence of draining, &c. The staggers which, proved so fatal in Glamorganshire, I am inclined REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL. to believe, were an epidemic, or rather an ende- The Postmaster General to the President of the United States. During the same time the expenditures of the Department, were $878,866 33. $868,121 50. $10,744 83. Leaving the sum of ten thousand seven hundred and forty-four dollars and eighty-three cents, more than the expenditures for the three quarters. on this disorder, says, "I strongly suspect it arises Sir, I have the honour to submit to you the from some poisonous plants in our pastures, which following report respecting the transactions of also been given, on many routes, within the same flourish only to a poisonous extent at some par- this department. ed two hundred and fifty-nine thousand seven hundred and forty miles per annum more than it has ever before been transported, by contract, in the same sections of country. It will be conveyed in stages, the whole of this distance, except ten thousand five hundred and four miles. Contracts were made in September, 1823, to transport the mail in the present year two hundred and thirty-five thousand three hundred and seventy-eight miles more than it was transported in the year 1823. One hundred and twentyfive thousand and thirty-four miles of this dístance, it will be conveyed in stages. There has time, greater expedition in the conveyance of the ticular times, and which have not hitherto been The expenditures of the Departmail for which an adequate compensation is paid. detected. I have mentioned our horses having ment from the 1st April, 1822, to In making the mail contracts in September last, been attacked the year following our neighbour's the 1st April, 1823, were, as stated for New England and New York, there was but great loss, and when they were free from it.-in my report of November last, $1,169,885 51. little reduction of expenditure, but many imporMost of our horses were purposely kept in the The receipts for postage, during tant accommodations were given, by making prostable; and I have some idea that they were fed the same period, were $1,114,245 12. vision for an increased transportation of the mail. upon hay of the same year that our neighbour's Leaving an expenditure of fifty five thousand Under these contracts, the mail will be conveyhorses were fed upon the preceding year." In ano- and five hundred and forty dollars and thirty-nine ther part of the letter, he says, "Our neighbours cents more than the current receipts. firmly believe it is contagious: they took every The expenditures from the 1st precaution to prevent contagion, and the disease April, 1823, to the 1st April, 1824, left them. I was incredulous, and at this time were $1,170,144 63. we had not suffered: a horse from their neigh- Receipts for postage, during the bourhood came to graze in some fields through same time amounted to $1,153,845 72. Since the first of July, 1823, the transportation which our horses passed; he died of this disor- Leaving an expenditure, beyond the receipts, of the mail has been increased four hundred and der, and was left unburied: from this time the of sixteen thousand two hundred and ninety-eight ninety-five thousand one hundred and eighteen disorder began with us; but not knowing the cir-dollars and ninety-one cents. miles per annum. Of this distance it will be cumstance of the horse remaining unburied, 1 A comparison of the receipts for postage, for convey ed in stages three hundred and seventy-four took no precaution. The valuable horse before the three quarters preceding the 30th June last, thousand, two hundred and seventy miles. mentioned was taken ill the next day, and soon with the corresponding quarters of the previous This transportation, computed at the lowest died." In the cases of staggers which I have year, will show a considerable increase of receipts. price for which similar service is performed, seen, and they are numerous, the disease has Postage received from 1st Octonever appeared to originate in contagion or infec-ber, to the 31st December, 1823, tion. When it has occurred at grass, it is gene amounted to rally about autumn, and frequently in meadows In the corresponding quarter of adjoining rivers, and other situations where the 1822, there was received grass at that time is rank, and possesses but little nutriment. The humid and cold atmosphere in such places may perhaps contribute, in no slight Making an increase for this quarter, of sixdegree, to the production of the disorder. The teen thousand and ninety-one dollars and fortycases of staggers I have met with which occurred six cents. will amount to the sum of thirty thousand dollars annually. When, to the sum is added the defi$277,834 10. ciency of receipts to meet the expenditures for the year ending on the 1st April, 1823, and the $261,741 64. probable excess of receipts for the present year, above the expenditures, the improvement of the 16,091 46, operation of the department will appear, For the above service Deficiency of receipts to meet the expenditures for the year ending on the 1st April, 1823, $30,000 00. in stables, have appeared to arise from the horse Postage received from 1st Januacating too greedily, swallowing his food when im- ry, 1824, to the 31st of March, enperfectly chewed, or eating freely of food that is suing $55,540 39. $309,755 69. difficult of digestion. Young vigorous horses may In the corresponding quarter of Probable amount of receipts for postage the present year, above the current expenses $15,000 00. $286,144 29. $100,540 89. bilious man, very weak in their digestive organs, From this statement, it appears that the condiMaking an increase, for this quarter, of twen-tion of the department has been improved, in and, when improperly fed, liable to apoplexy or ty-three thousand six hundred and eleven dollars comparison with the year ending on the first of staggers. I am convinced, that the only remedy and forty cents. $281,275 54. April, 1823, by a reduction of expenditure and increase of receipts, one hundred thousand, five hundred and forty dollars and thirty-nine cents per annum. $278,211 26. The advantages from the arrangement adopted respecting newspaper postage, have not been fully fore advise, in the first place, the following ball $3,064 28. developed, but it has been ascertained, that the to be given. It must be observed, however, that Making an increase for this quarter of three receipts for that item have been increased at the the veterinary practitioner is seldom consulted thousand and sixty-four dollars and twenty-eight rate of about twenty-five thousand dollars per until the disease has made some progress; and it cents. annum. From Bell's Weekly Messenger. Unremitted exertions have been made to colJimportant question, therefore is, whether the inlect the balances due to the department. With terest of the farmer and of the public could not in the past year many suits have been brought and IMPORT TRADE INTO ENGLAND, AND be reconciled,-that is to say, whether the farjudgment obtained. In many cases, where judg- AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS IN PARTICULAR. mer could not raise the required stock at the same ments have been obtained on accounts of long We have frequently bad occasion to call the at-price, so that we might spend our money at home? standing, the delinquent Postmasters and their tention of our readers to the flourishing condition, is the truth of the matter this, that it is sureties have been found insolvent, and the costs of British trade; and particularly to the excess impossible for the farmer to raise this produce at of suit have been consequently paid by the De- of the exports of British growth and industry of such a price, consistent with the cultivation of partment. To avoid as far as possible, a useless one year above another. We have considered, more valuable articles? and therefore, although expenditure of this kind, the Attorney of the in equal fulness, the actual state of our imports. he loses in the price of butter, cheese, tallow, United States is now requested, when an account It is our present purpose again to do this. hides, flax, hemp and wool, he has still his due of some years standing is sent him for collection, not to commence suit, if, on inquiry, he shall find these considerations, it is necessary to correct a In order to give a due weight and interest to share of profit in the sale of what he actually does raise of this kind, and in the culture of the principal and his surety are insolvent. To popular error upon this subject. It was formerly wheat and other crops. issue process in such a case, would subject the the practice with all our political writers to com- Now, as to the amount of these agricultural Department to a bill of costs, without answering pare merely our exports and imports together, imports, they will be found much greater than we any valuable object to the public. In a short and then, subtracting the amount of the one had previously any notion of, and, we have no time, all demands against delinquent Postmasters from the other, to set down the difference, that doubt, than most of our readers have ever thought, will be in suit, where there exists any probability is, the excess of the exports above the imports, so much does exact calculation correct general that more than the costs can be collected. The improvement which has been made in the ports were so much money expended and consuas the actual gain of the country; as if the im- and loose opinions. The total value of all the wheat annually grown in England does not cerrevenue of this department for the past year au- med in the purchase of the exports; and that tainly exceed nine million pounds sterling. Now, thorises the opinion that it will be able to meet an the worth of the exports, beyond this price paid of our agricultural imports actually exceeds half will appear from what follows, that the amount increased expenditure, by affording additional for them, was the only gain or addition to the mail accommodations on established routes, or by national stock. It is true, that, in all our late of that sum; that is to say, exceeds the annual transporting the mail on new routes which Con-political writers, this error has disappeared; but value of all the wheat grown in England. gress may think proper to establish. it still continues to hold its ground in our newsThe first of these articles in order, though not There are many routes, now in operation, papers and in public opinion. It is, therefore, in importance, is butter-the annual amount of which require greater expenditure than any ad-briefly necessary, generally to observe, that as the import of which for the year 1814, was one vantage arising to the public would seem to justify the imports are bought by traders for the purpose to this, the amount of the next article, cheese, hundred and sixty-eight thousand pounds. Add If these were discontinued, and other routes of of trading, and are, in fact, the materials of our more general utility established, the public con manufactures, or the stock of the trader and which for the same year exceeded one hundred venience would be greatly promoted without ad- dealer, they equally constitute national wealth, and thirty-eight thousand pounds; and the joint ding to the expenditure of the department. A and equally contribute to the activity of national value of our import of butter and cheese, is three judicious revision of the mail routes, and of the commerce, with the amount of our exports. For hundred and six thousand pounds, or nearly the law regulating the Post Office Department, will example, without a good stock of hemp, flax, and third of a million. enable it, in a very short time, not only to send wool, what would become of our linen and cotton The next article is tallow, the amount of the mail into every populous neighbourhood of manufactures? Without our imports of wine, which, for 1824, was eight hundred and fortythe Union, but to give every accommodation how would the capital of our wine merchants call nine thousand pounds; and the next article is which may be desirable to the important com- forth so much active labour and industry in all seeds, which exceeded two hundred thousand mercial posts. those who supply the article, and invite and force pounds,-the two together thus exceeding very cents. The money lately appropriated by Congress to into the general channel of circulation, so much considerably a million. repair so much of the mail route, from Nashville of the income of our nobility and gentry? It is The next articles are hides and skins, amountin Tennessee, to New Orleans, as passes through the same with every other article of importing in 1824, to the value of six hundred and seventhe Indian country, and which was placed by It is either a raw material of manufacture, and and flax, amounting to a million and a half ;-toty-five thousand pounds,-and the next, hemp your direction at the disposition of this depart-therein its amount is a proof and an instrument ment, has been applied to the object intended, of the actual prosperity of such manufacture; or gether above two million two hundred thousand except five hundred and ninety dollars and six it is an article of mere consumption, but thereby, pounds. giving activity to the circulation of the general 1824, exceeded £678,000. The next article in order is wool, which, in As a small sum of money was to be expended capital, affording wealth to the dealers and large in repairing a road of great length, and as the traders, and distributing wages and the means of public interest requires that the repairs should be comfortable sustenance to all those concerned in made the whole extent, so as to remove all ob-conveying it through the community. structions to the transportation of the mail, it was deemed important, before the commence-means of observing upon the main points of a Now, then, as our limits afford us only the ment of the work, to ascertain the nature and ex-subject so large and so complicate, we would tent of those obstructions. This was done by the first call the attention of our readers to the acperson appointed to make the repairs; and in tual progress of this import trade, within the making them, streams of water, which were oc- last three years. We can afford, indeed, only the principle, that every nation may wisely and When we say this, however, we fully assent to casionally rendered impassable to the mail, by one sentence to this subject, but that sentence high water, were bridged; and swamps, which will speak for itself. In the year 1822, the justly resort to foreign supply, where it cannot were also sometimes impassable, were cause-amount of our exports, according to the official raise the required produce at a price within the wayed. The work, it is believed, has been faith-report, was twenty-nine million seven hundred general means; or where such is the nature of fully executed, and at such places on the route thousand pounds. In 1823, about the same sum, stances of the other articles cultivated, that the the soil or climate, or such the relative circumas most required it. or rather short of it, the official figures being, farmer or planter cannot raise a sufficient stock of After the work was done, the money was paid, twenty-nine million four hundred thousand pounds. on the valuation of two practical men, who were But, in 1824, (the year finishing in January last,) recommended to the department as well qualified their amount was thirty-four million five hundred for that purpose. They were instructed to ex-thousand pounds. amine minutely, the manner in which the work Our main attention, however, for the present, And the next article, foreign spirits (not in cluding rum) about four hundred and forty thousand,-wool and spirits together thus amounting about four million six hundred thousand pounds, to one million one hundred thousand pounds. The total amount of the whole together is thus -a sum which must have a most important effect upon British agriculture. one article consistent with his cultivation of another. In these cases, what the farmer loses on one subject, he makes upon another, and he has of complaint would be, if he could raise at the therefore no cause to complain. The only ground same rate, or nearly, what we now buy of foreigners. had been performed, with a view to its perma has been directed to the average amount of our nency and the object designed, and to report what agricultural imports,-and to their consequences sum would be a reasonable compensation for it. upon the farmer, and upon the public. As to the The balance of the appropriation which re-farmer, there cannot be a doubt but that imports mains unexpended, will be applied in making of this amount, of articles which might be raised Johnston's famous Breed of Hogs. some additional repairs during the present winter. at home, necessarily detract from the value of Mr. Jeremiah Buck, of Bridgeton, New Jer. I have the honour to be, most respectfully, his capital and land. As to the public, they as sey, killed a hog of this celebrated breed, the day your obedient servant. suredly benefit in the same proportion, as we get it was 15 months (say 450 days) old, which weigh JOHN M'LEAN. cheaper what would necessarily be dear in pro ed five hundred and one pounds, when neatly portion to its insufficient quantity at home. The dressed. The President of the United States. |