SHEEP, DOGS, &C. TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. The premium for the best heifer, was award- I consider the hard Susquehanna coal, as a Hogs running at large, has been a complaint in ed for "a red and white heifer, Fancy. out of a great acquisition to our country; and, in my this state for many years. No legislative proviDun prize cow," which cow, was of Gen. Ridg-opinion, has lowered the value of wood land, sion has been made, and it is a very difficult ley's stock of mixed short horned blood:-the where the object is wood, for the purpose of subject to legislate on. The population of our premium for the second best, was given for Mr. burning lime. country is very sparse, the plantations and farms Cook's heifer, bred in Washington County, from I propose making another experiment this large, the lines of division fences very long, and Mr Sprigg's short horned stock, imported by Par-winter, as it is evident that I used much more above all, the labouring part composed of slaves, kinson. Thus the two best heifers, although so coal in the first experiment than was necessary who are constitutionally indolent, and whose inmany full bred Devon heiters were upon the to effect the object; beside, the kiln was one terest is at variance with the master's. It being ground, proved to be of short horned blood. The of the ordinary kind, used in burning lime with the interest of the master to obtain industrious premium for the best heifer, under one year of wood. Much fuel may be saved by a proper labour, and of the slave, to perform no more than age, was awarded to Sally, a calf five months constructed kiln for the use of coal-it may be will screen him from chastisement. In conseold, by a Devon bull, out of an imported cow, built much higher than for wood, without being quence of this, there is a constant hurry on the without a pedigree, which was the only one offer-subject to the same inconvenience that wood farm, and the fences are miserably neglected. ed to the examination of the committee, of conse- kilns are, from that cause; as the fuel will be The legislative provisions respecting hogs, are quence, they had no choice.-The judges state, spread throughout the whole body of the stone, confined to cities, towns, villages and very small "that for milch cows, no premium is awarded, producing the requisite degree of heat to all sections of country. By the common law, the because there were no certificates of milking-of parts, while the heat produced from the lower keeping of hogs in any city or market town, is the quantity of butter produced, and of the keep part of the kiln, will have a beneficial effect in indictable as a public nuisance. Salk, 460, and for thirty days, as required;" yet there were ma-jits ascent. by the Statute 35, Hen. 8. Ch. 17, Sec. 17, swine ny full grown, imported, and native Devonshire When my second experiment is made, I will shall not go unringed in the woods. cows exhibited by men of wealth, trustees of the report the result." In most farms, the owners, with proper attenSociety, and active members of the committee, tion, may keep the division fences in order. I who not only assist in forming the bills, but ge LAW OF TRESPASS IN MARYLAND- ing farms, and if A. give notice to B. to repair, have no doubt, that if A. and B. have two adjoinnerously by their purses, contribute to the funds, and by volunteer premiums decidedly prove their and he will not in a reasonable time, that A. may approbation, as well of the objects, as of the means repair and recover from B. the value of the la which are taken to bring them about. How can bour and materials found, provided the fence has you account for the inattention of these gentle not been foolishly expensive. One decision of men, in not bringing their certificates in their Dear Sir,-When your's reached this, I was this kind, would have a good tendency, as it pockets; or not allowing their cows to bring their attending Montgomery County Court, where my would make the law known to the community. milk in their bags, to show their regard for the professional engagements necessarily detained You wish to know how far sheep may be propremium offered for milch cows?—heir convic me for nearly a fortnight, and on my return, tected from dogs. The law upon this subject is tion, that in this part of the State we must have have found a very sick family, which, with an very simple. The owner of a dog is bound to cattle which can give milk in due proportion, accumulation of business during my absence, re- muzzle him, if mischievous, but not otherwise however anxious we may be, to have those, which quired immediate attention. These concurring and if a man doth keep a dog that useth to bite can afford labour and beef. I am now in doubt circumstances prevented my attending earlier to cattle, &c. if, after notice given to him of it, or whether I shall purchase half blooded, or full your request. In truth, I may be said to do it his knowing the dog to be mischievous, the creablooded Devons, at the moderate prices at which now, by stealth. ture shall do any hurt, the master shall answer they can be had; or buy short horned stock, at The case of Lloyd and Tilghman, mentioned for it. Cro. Car. 254, 487. Stra. 1264. It is inthe extravagant prices, which they command, in the American Farmer, vol. 5, No. 33, fol. 264, dictable at common law, to keep a dog unmuzto enable me to take the silver cups at our next is unknown to me. It has not been reported, and zled near a highway, accustomed to bite, when I am, Sir, with great respect, I expect contains no new principle of law, but the owner knows of the mischievous propensity Yours, &c. would be found, if examined, to be only declara- of his dog. Crown. Cir. Com. 311, 2 Chitty's IGNORAMUS. tory of the common law relating to cattle dam- Crim. Law, English edition, 643 age feasant, and which I will endeavour to ex- tion by Richard Peters, Jr., 410. plain and illustrate, concisely, and yet as fully, I would go farther, and make the owner of a as my time will permit. dog that had attacked sheep, after notice, or Damage feasant, is when the beasts of another, knowledge, punishable by fine, to be recovered JAMES BOYLE. no way privy to the estate, are found in a man's by indictment. close, without the leave of the owner of the land, (which may happen from his not repairing his and without the fault of the possessor of the close, fences) and their doing damage, which may be by feeding, or trampling, or otherwise, to the grass, corn, young timber, woods, &c. Show. For the American Farmer. BURNING LIME WITH SUSQUEHANNA COAL. Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Chester County, Pennsylvania. American edi AGRICULTURE AND Internal Improvements. al messages, the paragraphs and expositions relative to these topicks. "I am fully satisfied, from the result of the experiment I have made, that lime may be burned with Susquehanna coal, purchased at Colum bia,* at the rate of $4.50 or $5 per ton; cheaper Agriculture and Internal Improvements in Pennthan with wood delivered at the kiln at $2.50, sylvania. If the beasts (which is the law phrase) are and I do not know but on better terms' than at damage feasant, the person whom they damage, supposed to represent, as nearly as may be, the As the Governors of the several states may be $2 per cord. My experiment was made in one may distrain and impound them, as well by night state of Agriculture and Internal Improvements, of the new kilns, with two tons of coal to 700 bushels of lime. The method adopted was, to until satisfied of the damages, and the law pre-states in reference to these great subjects, we as by day; and he may keep them in the pound, and the public sentiment and capabilities of the turn a small or low arch, and break all the bal-sumes the owner of the cattle, always to know of shall from time to time extract from their annulance of the stone so small, that none should the cattle being there, damage feasant. exceed the size of an half gallon jug; the kiln was then filled, by first putting heaps of coal he may resort to his action of trespass. If the party injured, does not wish to impound, of about one peck and an half, about twenty inchThey will at least give us a birds-eye view, es apart; then a covering of lime stone; then of a pound. Pounds are of three kinds-common, been done, is doing, or to be done in affairs which It may be necessary here, to define the meaning and keep us measurably posted up, as to what has coal; and so on, alternately, to the top of the kiln--I then burned one and an half cords of open and close. In this state there is no common concern the wealth and comfort of every indiviwood, just sufficient to warm the kiln and ignite An open pound (not common but private) is any pound, but there may be open and close pounds. dual, and the power of the nation. the coal, which is all the attention it requires. secure, uncovered place, in which the cattle are nia, to the Legislature now in session, the followIn the message of the Governor of Pennsylva-You may then go to meeting, mill or market, placed. A close pound is, for instance, a part ing are the passages which treat of Internal Imor any other pursuit you please; the coal will of the distrainer's house, stable, &c. and he is provement and of Agriculture. make the most intense and melting heat, that it bound to feed them in either. is possible to conceive. My kiln was red hot for five days, and the lime burnt to perfection, sur passing any I ever saw. "The commissioners appointed under the act of In England, a common pound belongs to the the last session, providing for the appointment of township, lordship, or village; and in every a Board of Commissioners for the purpose of proparish ought to be kept in repair by those who moting the internal improvement of the state, have done it by immemorial custom. It is the have been diligently engaged in the performance Columbia is about 30 miles from the kiln in duty of the steward in the sect to attend to this, of those duties, a detailed statement of which will which the experiment was made. before whom any default is punishable. be presented to you, during your session. The importance of a water communication in a politi|ter. It has been well intimated by another cor- and unpleasant matter may be shut out. My tube cal, commercial, and agricultural point of view, respondent, that no place is better located than is to be of cedar of 14 inch calibre in the inner is now so well understood that it may be deemed Baltimore, overhung as she is with elevated back clear; each joint is two feet long and connected unnecessary to advert to it. The Act of the last grounds, to derive advantage from this resource.] like a flute, with a thin band of iron over thei session may be considered as the continuation of November 18th, 1824. joints. These are to be put on as the joints are a system, destined at no distant day, to mingle the "Dear Sir-I will answer your questions reslowered in the well, which is 24 inches diameter. waters of the west, with the Atlantic-Whene-pecting boring, in the order in which you ask Fifth-What time does boring occupy. This I ver the necessary information has been collected, them. I hope that I may make myself intelligi-have answered in the first page-It varies from and the practicability of canals, in the western ble-I am always ready to explain. First, depth. 10 feet to 2 inches, according to the quality of the section of our state, fully as ertained, it will be This depends on the nature of the substance rock. the part of a well regulated and wise policy, to through which the chissel goes. In some cases, I Sixth-What fixtures are necessary when the extend with a liberal hand, the fostering aid of have no doubt but that water could be obtained well is finished. Nothing is wanted but a pent the Government. The resources of the state, at the depth of 30 or 40 feet; I mean a perpetu stock must be grafted on the tube, about 3 feet bestock or hydrant stock, with a stop cock. This are fully equal to the enterprise, and every relial stream that shall discharge itself voluntarily low the surface, and then steadied by means of ance may be securely placed upon the intelli- As it respects my well, we had first to go gence and patriotism of our citizens. From the in- through soft red shell-then hard red shell-then clay, well pounded around. You need not shelformation we have already obtained, there is but granite-then a blue rock mixed with calcareous ter it as the temperature of the water is not af little doubt, that Pennsylvania presents the cheap-earth-then a blue hard rock with a sharp gritfected by atmospherical influence. I shall build tern waters with the Atlantic, in which event, we rock-then a deep blue rock mixed with clay mine is in the farm-yard near to my stables. est and best route, for the connexion of the wes- then a rock as hard as adamant-then a grey soft an arbour over mine, and cover it with sweet-briars-cattle will not meddle with sweet-briarsmay confidently expect the aid of the general go- then a hard black rock-then a light blue rockvernment in this national work, so incalculable then the original hard red shell-am now at the Seventh-Expense. I give two dollars and a in its advantages to the different states of our distance of 145 feet-we are boring on a hard half a foot, and am at no risk. If the borer fail wide extended, and extending confederacy. "I have the pleasure to transmit herewith, to five feet of the surface. We expect to get There are no other casualties for the borer than dark brown rock. The water is this day within getting water at a depth agreed upon, (I have given him 200 feet for a trial) I pay him nothing. you the report of the Commissioners, appointed enough for our purpose in the course of a week, the loss of a tool or chissel in the well. If it cannot to view and examine, twenty-two locks, of the perhaps to-morrow, as we have bored 12 feet lower section, and forty-two locks, on the upper without touching a new vein of water, a thing be hooked up, or if it cannot be cut to pieces, a section of the River Schuylkill, and whether the that has not yet occurred to us; we generally get first sight to be a great sum; but It dwindles to new well must be commenced-$2,50 seems at navigation is so far executed in a masterly, work- a foot or two of water in every 4 or 5 feet admanship like manner. The warm terms of praise, vance. nothing when you take all the blessed effects inin which the Commissioners speak of this work, to consideration; besides, one is often obliged to is highly gratifying, and whilst its completion is It will be inferred from what I have said, that a deep well. In order to obtain a supply, the Second-The length of time to complete a well. give even three and four doliars a foot for digging evidence of the individual enterprise of our citi- the chissel will advance according to the resis-rocks must often be blown-lives are very often zens, it shows that Pennsylvania has not been in-tance it meets with. Through the soft red shell lost in wells-they are very often out of repair— attentive to this essential branch of internal improvement. This canal, will hereafter prove an 6 feet-granite from 2 to 3-first stratum of blue or new pumps-and, my pump is at this moment, we went 10 feet a day-hard red shell from 5 to want cleaning once in a year or two-new curbs important link in the chain of connexion to be rock from 4 to 5-second stratum of blue hard although only two years old, in as ricketty a state formed with the North and West, and our beau- rock from 1 to 2-adamantine rock, and it was as possible; and after all, what is a common well; tiful and thriving metropolis. "In the distribution of power under our compli- and at most 6 inches a day-grey rock 4 feet-deep a yearly expense to clean and repair; if a shalabout 4 feet thick, we only went from 2 to 3 if deep, what a labour to raise the water-what plicated system, commerce and manufactures seem to have been placed more immediately un--and we have bored 3 feet to-day in a hard red impure it often is. Every calculation is in favour blue rock 3 feet-the black rock 14 to 16 inches low one, how often we suffer with drought, and how der the superintendance of the general Govern rock ment; whilst the interests of agriculture have of this new mode of obtaining water-new, howbeen left in a great measure to the protection of When we were about 110 feet deep, we came ever, only in America Can any one fail in estithe respective State Legislatures. Hence it re- to loadstone. The poles were so powerfully im-mating the numerous advantages attending it. I sults, that these important interests demand our pregnated with this extraordinary mineral, that have no doubt but that in the course of 20 years, most serious and anxious care; for at this time they would suspend a heavy pruning knife; and all water works will be abandoned, and water will of pressure and difficulty for the farmer, it is ne our penknives, by merely touching the poles, be procured in this way. It will cost less to becessary for him to make up in quantity, for the have abstracted so much of the effluvia, as that gin the new mode, than to meet the annual exdepressed price of his agricultural products. they can attach large needles. The particles of pense of the old water works. One of these Experience has demonstrated the great advanta rock at all times brought up, are incalculably wells made in every half ward, will supply that ges of Agricultural Societies, and it is believed small. When we were in the loadstone rock, I section; but I need not go further into this part that a further extension of the system, by the es-examined the particles. By merely holding the of the subject. tablishment of a State Institution, with a small edge of a knife over them they flew; that is, the Lastly-You ask if there are any hills in the annual appropriation, would greatly assist the la-magnetic particles flew and hung suspended from vicinity. I infer from this question, that you are bours of that valuable portion of our citizens." the edge, and in looking through a magnifier, they trying to form an opinion as to the probable source Speaking of the importance of promoting edu- appeared to be of the form of shrubs and trees. of the springs thus obtained. Here is a wide cation, Mr. Schultze pays the following just com- I forget at this moment, whether we discovered field for speculation. When I began to bore on pliment to General T. J. Rogers' Biographical the loadstone before or after the adamantine rock; my farm, the opinon that the water came from a Dictionary. I rather think after we got through it; at first we higher source than our level, was so fixed in my "Connected with education, permit me to call thought the phenomena proceeded from fric- mind, that it did not admit of dispute. As the your attention to the American Biographical Diction, but it disappeared after going a few feet work advanced, the subject occupied much of my tionary, compiled by one of our citizens, and in- deeper, and although the poles still impart the thoughts-new circumstances occurred-appeartended for the use of schools. This work, which power to steel, there are no more of the load ances altered-I began to wave my opinion-I is well executed, illustrates the principles of our stone particles in the well. applied myself to such data as were within my Government, and holds up for imitation to the Third-1s to the quality of the water thus ob-reach-and, I am now as fully impressed with the rising generation, some of the highest examples tained. When Mr. Disbrow had bored to the belief that the water does not come from a highin the page of history, of heroism and devotion to depth of 135 feet in the first well that he attempt-er source, as I was before to the contrary." country. As an incentive to virtue, and love of ed, he obtained delicious soft water, which dis [On perusal of the above, the following quescountry, it may be well worthy of Legislative charged about two gallons a minute. But this tions occur, which the Editor begs leave to propatronage." was not thought sufficient for a distillery, and al-pound to his readers.] Domestic Economy. BORING FOR WATER. [The following is the reply of a person who we knew had employed Mr. Disbrow to bore for wa 4 though the water run over the hole very freely, How long have springs been known to exist in Horticulture. FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER. Oxford, Nov. 30, 1824. JOHN WILLIS Literary. A NEW AGRICULTURAL BOOK, act of incorporation, all others are excluded from our offices-that, although we have endeavoured to collect facts, and promulgate opinions, in the shape best fitted for our purposes, we have no pretension as writers, and must claim for our communications great indulgence, as they are neither enlivened by the elaborate deductions of specious theory, nor embellished by the exquisite efforts |of fanciful and untiring quackery. To do this properly, a trough of about 6 or 7 will have fine peaches; if your trees are very Powelton, August 1st, 1824. feet should be placed close by the spring, and so small and young, I would not recommend the ley TO JOHN S. SKINNER, ESQUIRE, near the apperture, as that the water should be to be poured on them very hot, for fear of injuring Editor of the American Farmer. on a line with the trough, otherwise if the water the trees; but if the trees are of any size, it will Sir-I have presented to the Pennsylvania Agfall from even an inch height, the attraction of gra- not hurt them; for I have used it many years ricultural Society, the copy of the "Farmer," vitation will overcome the impulse, which is ve- with great success, for it is sure to destroy all that which you had sent for them. ry feeble. The attention of our observing pa- is not through the bark, and concealed between I am directed to convey their thanks, and their trons is earnestly requested to the above inqui- the bark and wood. Some gentlemen use tar high sense of your excellent work, as a faithful ries.] with success-I tried it, and think it good if put record of the most interesting facts, and the best on thin or mixt with grease; ashes and soot are agricultural papers, which appear, either in Eualso good for peach trees, and flower of sulphur rope or America: and in proof of their respect and in a fresh country, salt is fine to put round for your exemplary fairness, indefatigable zeal, the roots; be sure and prune out all the small and singular ability, as an Editor, I am authorized twigs that crowd in amongst the bearing wood, to offer for your use, the Memoirs of our Society, TO ALL LOVERS OF FINE PEACHES. and do not let your trees hold too much fruit on with selections, adapted to the purposes of Ame It is common in this country, especially where them, as by being over loaded with fruit, the can husbandmen. the soil is very good and rich, for the peach trees trees are often injured, and the fruit not half so You are aware, that our Association is princito be much injured by an insect commonly called fine. Where you have it in your power, thin pally composed of practical farmers-that by the slugs or wood worm. This insect is deposited in them when small as a nut-meg, and in common, the bark of the tree near the ground, sometimes 1-10th is enough to leave on the tree of what it higher than a foot, but commonly within a few would sometimes hold by being left to nature. inches of the earth, by a small fly; and the first appearance of it is a stuff much like saw dust, will run out of their holes with the gum of the tree, and in a few days will get between the bark and the wood of the tree, and if not stopped or destroyed, will not only injure the fruit, but some times destroy the tree altogether. In summer, Adapted to Farmers of all classes and conditions-been made, without regard to the arrangement You will perceive, that various extracts have after a rain, when they have their growth, they For sale by the Editor of the American Farm of the authors, from whom they are taken, as will run out with the gum and be connected in it until they form a thin shell round them, and come er, at $1 50. it was necessary, occasionally, to omit passages out another fly; when they come out they are This work is entitled "Memoirs of the Penn- inapplicable to the circumstances and condition about 3-4 of an inch long, with red or brown sylvania Agricultural Society, with selections of this country, and to pass by others which, as heads; while they are preying on the tree, they adapted to the use of the practical Farmers of thev involve abstruse scientific disquisitions, are work higher up or lower down, according to the the United States, published by John S. Skinner, not fitted to the peculiar views of our institution. weather; in cold weather they go down to the Editor of the American Farmer, by order of the If we have violated the etiquette established roots from the frost, and in moderate weather they Directors"-and is a different work from the among authors, we trust we shall be forgiven, as work higher up the trunk of the tree; and, when Memoirs of the Philadelphia Agricultural So-we are farmers not writers. they eat quite round the tree, the tree will die and leave a lump of gum round the trunk on the The following letter will show how these Meground, which will appear to be mixt with saw moirs came into the hands of the Editor of the dust or something like it. If the soil is rich from American Farmer; and though it estimates too the spontaneous growth of the tree, the bark near highly his services in the cause of Agriculture, the ground soon becomes rough, and there are we must insert it to show the history and the naspots or crevices where the fly can deposite its ture of the publication, and as far as we can be eggs; if the soil is quite poor, the tree will keep relied on to form a correct judgment, we can reits smoothness much longer, and there will be no commend it to our subscribers and other friends, the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society," just pubharbour for those vermin, and the trees appear as a work of greater value than any which has lished, is one of the neatest and most useful conto bear better than in rich soil, and that is yet been published of its size, because it has a tributions which have ever been made in this counthe cause why many gentlemen say, poor, sandy practical application to their every day busi- try, for the amusement and instruction of Amesoil, suits peaches best; but the fact is, rich, ness, and conveys to young Farmers the ex-rican practical farmers. It does credit to the light, or even a little stiff soil, will bring finer perience and the system pursued by the best public spirit of the Directors of the Society, and peaches than poor, if proper attention is paid to Farmers in this country.-The engravings in to the activity and intelligence of the gentlemen those insects and the muck-worm-the muck-it are beautiful and were very costly. But who furnished its contents. Among them, John worm is an insect more under the roots. I have considering that the work contains more than Hare Powel, Esq., who resides in the immediate tried a great number of experiments to destroy 300 pages, and is very elegantly printed, we neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the most conthose insects, and beg leave to mention a few of can pronounce it the cheapest, as well as the spicuous. The engravings of animals and implethe most successful, for the use of our friends and most valuable, ever offered to American Agments with which it is enriched, serve both for fellow citizens. Now is the time to dig or cut a riculturists. The concern of others, in the ornament and information. canal round the trunk of the trees, say 3 inches work, forbids the transfer of it to the American broad and several inches deep, until you can see Farmer. But the following table of its contents, ciety. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, JOHN HARE POWEL, Corresponding Secretary, Penn. Agri. Soc. Speaking of this volume, the accomplished and erudite Editor of the National Gazette, says"The handsome octavo volume of "Memoirs of CONTENTS. the top of the roots; then, if the insect is in it, with the names of the writers who have con. Constitution. pour hot ley 18 or 20 inches from the ground on tributed to it, will, better than any thing we List of Officers and Members. the trunk of the tree, and let it run in the little can say, satisfy every one, that these Memoirs Act of Incorporation. canal, which will destroy all the insects that are would be a valuable addition to his stock of AgLIVE STOCK. young and not yet quite through the bark, and is ricultural Books, as their contents would be to Bailey's Survey of Durham, Extracts. a good manure for peach trees; and let the canal his stock of agricultural knowledge.-The Edi- Carpenter, Henry A. Esq., of Lancaster County, stand open all winter, and all the insects that the itor will feel himself particularly indebted to on Improved Durham Short Horns-their Doley does not kill will be destroyed by the frost, any of his friends who will aid in the sale cility, Hardiness, and Properties as Milkers as the track will in winter get full of water, snow of the work, at least until he is indemnified and quick Feeders. and ice, and the insects cannot in so short a time the cost of printing. In the next paper, noget down so far but the frost will destroy them. tice will be given of the persons in the different If pigs could be penned often in the peach or- cities of whom the book may be had; but in the chard, they will destroy them, and often the mean time, if any gentleman send 83 or more to muck-worm too. After your trees are clear of the Editor, he will guarantee his receipt of two slugs, muck-worm, &c., if you will wrap the trunk or more copies of the work in good condition, of the trees round with straw-sedge, &c. during according to the amount sent, free of all expense] summer, you will find the fly cannot get to the of freight or transportation. bark to deposite its eggs, and by that means, you Any one sending $5, shall have four copes. Churchiman, Mr. Caleb, on Sheep-their Ma- Cully on Live Stock-Extracts on Neat Cattle. Featherstonhaugh, G. W Esg. Corresponding Secretary of the New York Board of Agriculture, on Various Breeds of Cattle-Manage ment-Characteristics-Draught Oxen-Supe riority over Horses-Prevention and Cure of Elliott, John, Esq. of Montgomery County, on certain Diseases. Haines, Reuben, Esq., on Alderney Cattle-the Kersey, Mr. Joseph, on the Use of Tar in Pre- Miller, William J. Esq., on Merino Sheep-their on the Importance of Neat Cattle to our Manufactures and Comfort-their various Products, &c. -on Imported Cattle-their injudicious Selection-Devons not good MilkersSuperiority of New England Oxen for Draught their Excellence not to be ascribed to Devon Blood-Herefords better than DevonsWorthlessness of Alderney Cattle. on the Evils of Soiling in a Country where Land is cheap and labour is dear. on Various Breeds of Sheep, their Origin, Peculiarities, and Properties. on Breeding Sheep, &c. on the Sagacity and Usefulness of the Spanish Shepherd's Dogs. on Swine. Williams, James, Esq. of Philadelphia County, on Young, William, Esq., of Philadelphia County, &c. CROPS. Millet. Featherstonhaugh, G. W. Esq., on Root Crops- Lincoln, the Honourable Levi, on the Culture of Miller, William J. Esq., on Egyptian Millet and Natural Enemies. Morris, Mr. Jonathan, of Washington County, Pennsylvania, on Maple Sugar, its Manufacture, &c. DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND THEIR CURE. Spavin.-A disease of the horse's hock, which generally causes lameness. Spavins are of two Powel, John Hare, Esq. on Root Crops-profita-kinds, the bone, and the bog or blood spavin. The ble in America but for particular Objects. former consists of a bony enlargement of the inon Grub Worms—Small Birds their side of the hock-joint, towards the lower part; the latter of a soft but elastic tumour, a little on Making Hay-Hay Houses-higher and more on the inside, or towards the Pennsylvania Barns-Arrangement of the Fold bend of the joint. The most effectual remedy for bone spavin is firing, and if it be done at an on Millet-its Uses, Cultivation, &c. early period of the disease, it often cures it. In Answers to Inquiries on Millet, and obstinate cases, I have known the bony swelling Orchard Grass, &c. on Millet Yard. on Mangel Wurtzel. in Wheat. punctured in several places, and some blistering ointment mixed with a small proportion of corrosive sublimate rubbed in. This produces a high degree of inflammation, and is sure to leave a permanent blemish; but, in some instances, has effected a cure. Another mode of treating bone spavin is to make an incision in the skin with a knife, or bore a small opening in the bony swellThomas, J. G. Esq., of Philadelphia County, on ing with a hot iron, and introduce some sublimate Mangle Wurtzel. or arsenic, and confine it with a plaster. This Washington and Alleghany Counties-extraordi- generally occasions more violent inflammation than ny Crops produced in. the former, and often excites symptomatic fever; Williams, James, Esq., on the Cultivation of Car-in one instance, however, though for a time the rots, &c. horse's life was in danger by the symptomatic Worth, James, Esq., of Buck's County, on the fever that was excited, the result was a consideFailure of Wheat Crops, and the Insects by rable diminution of the lameness, so that the horse which they are assailed. became in some degree useful again. These, FENCES. however, are remedies I should be loath to have Kirk, Caleb, Esq. of Delaware, on Thorn Hedges. recourse to; but firing, if seasonably employed, Montgomery County Farmer-on Hedges-Col- I have in many instances found effectual. Bog or lecting and Sowing Seeds-Planting and Ma-blood spavin does not often cause lameness, exnaging the Fence. cept when the horse's work is severe, as in huntPhillips, William, Esq., of Philadelphia County, ing. This complaint, I believe, is seldom removon the Preservation of Posts by means of Salt. ed; and though it may, when large, render a Worth, James, Esq., on Fences. horse unfit for severe exertion, it is rarely an im. pediment to moderate work. If any thing be done, repeated blistering is perhaps most likely to be beneficial. Horses most disposed to spavin are IMPLEMENTS. Eastman, Mr. Jonathan S., of Baltimore, on his Chaff Cutter. Goodsell's Flax Dresser-Report of the Commit tee appointed to examine. ter. those that are cat-hammed, or have their hocks inclining inward; and this tendency is promoted by making the outer heel of the shoe higher than Phillips, William, Esq., on Eastman's Chaff Cut- the inner heel, a practice that is too common. Another cause of spavin is working a horse at Powel, John Hare, Esq., on Cultivators, and the too early an age, particularly when he is employ. best modes of American Husbandry, as fitted ed in work that requires considerable exertion of to our Climate and the Circumstances of the the hock-joints, such as leaping, or drawing heavy Country. burthens. Spilents-These are bony excrescences, which grow on the inside of the shank bone. They seldom occasion lameness, unless situate so as to inSir Humphrey Davy's Elements of Agricultural terrupt the motion of the knee-joint, or interfere Chemistry, in a Course of Lectures for the Bri- with the back sinew or suspensory ligament of tish Agricultural Board-Extracts on Manures, the leg. Should a splent occasion lameness, which Animal, Vegetable, Calcarious—their Manage- is sometimes the case, merely from the ossific inment, Application, and Effects-exposing er- flammation, let it be bathed with camphorated roneous Opinions and Practices, connected spirit, or spirit and vinegar; or let some soft linwith the use of Lime, Gypsum, Ashes and Rot-en be moistened with these and bound on it, keepted Dung. ing it constantly moist. This, in a few days, will Powel, John Hare, Esq., on Oyster-shell Lime-generally remove the lameness, but the splent The Management and Application of Vegeta- will remain. Whenever it is thought necessary ble, Animal and Calcareous Manures, in Ame to attempt the removal of a splent, repeated blistering is, I believe, preferable to the more severe measures recommended in books of farrierv. rica. FLAX. Rural Sports. Besnard, Peter, Esq.-Report on the Mode of Davy, Sir Humphrey, on the Diseases of Plants-Milnor, Mahlon, Esq., of Bucks County, on Ci- tleman, at Wye, Talbot County; and, notwith- der. they returned in five hours, having bagged one brace of partridges, and six rabbits. SHOTS OF EACH. 23 partridges-2 rabbits. Col. Lloyd, M. Lloyd, 18 J. Donnell, 17 J. Ridgely, 13 Col. Hindman, 11 2 2 0 THE FARMER. forty-and put in a form and train of accomplishment, to make such memoranda as will save him fruit- BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1824. "Vessels large, may venture more, PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE, COLLECTED AND ACCURATELY STATED BY THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. Wood, Hickory, per cord, $5—Oak, do §3 75 to 84-Pine, $2 50-best white Wheat, 100 a "But little boats, should keep near shore." 105-Lawler, 88 a 92-Red, 85 a 90-Rye, 35 a Dame Prudence always stands ready, with a Wharf Flour, 84 50 to 4 624-Pork from the 37-Old Corn, 35 a 36-New, do 32 a 33good batch of those truisms, to stop the mouth of Aecessity and importance of a Room and Libra- enterprise, and check the progress of improve wagons in the market, $4 to 4 75-Turkeys, 624 to 75 cents-Geese 50 cents-Beef, best pieces, ry, for the Maryland Agricultural Society. ment-but let her ladyship remember another 8 cts.-Mutton, best pieces, 8 cts.-Live cattle, Amongst other resolutions passed at the saying of Poor Richard, that "Industry need not $4.50 per hundred.-We saw in the market on last meeting of the Agricultural Society, there wish-and he that lives upon hope, will die fast- Wednesday, some of a lot of very elegant, from was one, instructing the Trustees, if they should ing." Our society has been five years now in com- the farm of Judge Buchanan, who supplies our deem it expedient, to rent a room as a place paratively active, and growing existence; and if it market with from 80 to 100 per annum of very cannot venture now to provide a decent room to of meeting, and for the use of the Maryland Agrisuperior quality. cultural Society. meet in, and the nucleus of a library, by the use of MARYLAND TOBACCO.-The market continues The society has now taken such root, as to in- which, the young farmers who are coming on, may dull. There has been some sales of inferior qualsure, with good management, its vigorous growth learn the morals, the politics, the statistics, &c. ities, at rather better prices, but there is no shipand continued existence-Its prospects and its of their profession-whereby, in a word, they may ping at this time, nor much change expected be learn not only what is to be done, but the why, fore February, though the last accounts from means are such, as to justify and call for, some and the wherefore, it should be done. Why then, Holland are said to be favourable. permament arrangements, of the character contemplated in the above resolution-In truth, who indeed, have we been toiling, as we humbly think, ever before heard of a society, without some fix- to little purpose. If we understand the true, and ed place of meeting? and who does not see the the higher objects of the "Maryland AgricultuIt appears that the Conversations of Lord Byron utility of having some common, established place ral Society," it aims, not only to augment the for a considerable period during his residence at of resort, where those who have agreed to asso- pile of manure; to have more corn made on an Pisa, have been faithfully recorded by one of his ciate for the common benefit of their profession, acre, or more fat laid on a hog, but it aims at the most intimate friends, and that this curious promay come together at stated times, and talk over more elevated design of meliorating and exalting duction, which will no doubt rival the Journals of their affairs, and devise measures to enlighten the moral and intellectual condition and power Boswell and Las Cases, is immediately to be givthemselves as to their true interests, and to have of that honourable and virtuous class of citizens, en to the public. The author is Captain Medwin, of the 24th Light Dragoons, a poet himself, and those interests rightfully protected by the pub- who make their living by tilling the soil. P. S. In a room provided as above suggested, a cousin of the late Percy Bysshe Shelly. The Furthermore, the Society at their Agricultural any gentleman might deposite specimens of grass- communications are stated to have been made Room, should have an Agricultural Library-es, or plants, or soils, or substances, to be han- without any injunction to secrecy, and commitThis might be commenced by the voluntary do. ded over to, and examined, and analysed by, the ted to paper for the sake of reference only; and nations of persons liberally disposed to further professor of Botany, or Agricultural Chemistry, but for the fate of Lord Byron's Memoirs, would the views of the association; and when the funds as the case might require. From this room, va- never have appeared before the public. of the society will justify it, a small appropria-luable and remarkable seeds, fruits, grains, &c. lick authorities? The Memoirs of Dr. Antommarchi relative to For Sale. tion might be made, to be expended in annual ad- might be distributed amongst the members-the last moments of Napoléon, which have so ditions of books on agriculture, botany, and their monthly reports might be made, for publication long been announced, are now in the press. This kindred sciences; to this library the members in the American Farmer, of the state of the crops publication seems necessary to complete the Hisshould have free access. For example, a farm-in the different counties. The Farmer would tory of the Emperor, of whom we understand it er wishes to build a barn, a cart, or a plough, he here learn what he ought to expect for his pro- records many new and curious facts. would have only to go to the society's room, and duce, as well as the current prices of it--in there he would find books containing drawings of short, it would be a sort of Farmer's Exchangethese objects in every form, with explanations of such, at least, are our impressions, crudely exAn uncommonly fine bull calf, aged 21 months, half Bakewell and half Holstein.-He is black the true principles of their construction. Sup- pressed, yet we hope intelligible. pose he wants to know all about the use of lime and white, has never been forced by high keepThe members of the Board of Trustees of when 7 months and 22 days old, weighed 764 lbs. as a manure; he has only to go and turn to some agricultural work where the subject is fully treat the Maryland Agricultural Society, are hereby having had nothing but the milk of the cow; at ed, and he learns its chemical properties, and the notified that the next meeting will be held at the 20 months and 9 days, weighed 1204 lbs.-his best state and mode of applying it to agricultural residence of Gen. R. G. Harper, on Monday next girth 6 feet 11 inches, his length 7 feet 3 inches. purposes; in short, such an establishment would the 20th inst. at eleven, A. M. He is very gentle. Apply to encourage a habit of reading, and of enquiry, that could not fail in improving the minds, as well as the practices, of agricultural gentlemen. It seems to grow up naturally, as one of the most valuable The Editor will be indebted to any Genfruits of the seed we have been sowing for the tleman who will send him about a tea cup full of Meeting of the Maryland Agricultural Society for the last five years. As a proof of the opinion he enelection of officers, &c.-Proceedings of the Washington tertains of the utility that would result from the Tobacco seed, of what is usually called Maryland County Agricultural Society-Cultivated and natural proadoption of the resolution above mentioned, we yellow. The object is to divide it amongst gen-ductions of the Missouri-Agricultural correspondenceknow an individual who would at once contribute tlemen who have written for it, and who are al-Remarks on the Maryland Cattle Show-on the sheep, for the use of the society, books which have cost ways ready to reciprocate civilities of this kind. hogs, and cattle, and award of premiums-Extract of 4 or $500. But the advantage which seems to be indispensable, is the provision of a place where Important propositions will be under consideration, and it is desirable that the meeting should be full and punctual. WM. F. REDDING, CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. a letter from a gentleman in Chester County, Pennsyl vania-Law of trespass in Maryland-Agriculture and InThe Editor is much indebted to Mr. Leon-ternal Improvements in Pennsylvania-Boring for waterthe society may hold stated meetings, once in eve-ard Matthews for seed of the genuine high fla. To all lovers af fine peaches-A new Agricultural book, ry month, or at least quarter yearly. To shew voured smoking tobacco of Cuba-and will give adapted to farmers of all classes and conditions, for sale by the necessity of such meetings, let us review the about a dessert spoonful to any planter who may domestic animals and their cure-Rural sports-Editorial the Editor of the American Farmer, at $1 50-Diseases of proceedings of the society on Saturday last; not desire it.-The tobacco retains its high flavour notices,-Prices current-Scraps-Advertisement, &c. &c. one of the several important propositions adopt for two successive years in this country. ed in reference to applications to the legislature for pecuniary aid, for alterations in our act of in LOST.-Amongst other valuable books, the corporation, for the enactment of laws more ef- first volume of "LAWRENCE ON THE HORSE." fectually to the farming interest: there is not one The Editor will thank gentlemen who have his of these, which ought not to have been discussed, books, to grant him the loan of them long enough |