We cannot conclude this cursory view of the country without noticing the advantages it possesses in point of pasturage. The raising of cattle and horses, was conducted with great success. both by the Indians and white inhabitants, previous to the recent troubles of the province; the cattle raised in the savannas were so remarkably fine, that Gen. Jackson when in the country had a selected portion of them conveyed to Tennessee, to improve the stock on his farm, in that state. Fertility of soil is not, as we all know, the only source of agricultural prosperity: manuring and good husbandry are also essential, and for the former we possess the materials in the utmost abundance; and much of the labour of ordinary husbandry would be lightened, by the loose and friable nature of our soils. Our facilities for water transportation, are not surpassed in any part of the United States, and an intercommunication by means of canals may be easily effected through every part of the country. A survey has been ordered by the general government, of the country between the Suwaney and St. Mary's, with the view of opening a canal between the heads of these rivers, through the Ockefenoke swamp, the distance not being more than 18 or 20 miles. This would shorten and facilitate the communication between the western and Atlantic States, and would not fail to produce great collateral benefit to Florida. Were the course of the canal directed from the Suwaney, through Black creek into the St. Johns, the expense of the work would be much lessened, and the route between the Atlantic and the west not materially lengthened. The St. Johns, running) parallel, nearly its whole course with the Atlantic, may at different points be connected by short canals, with the ocean; while it might easily be made to communicate with the gulf on the west, by the streams which run in that direction, and head near it. The necessarily succinct view of the climate, soil and productions of Florida, will serve to evince, that it is not from the want of natural resource and advantages, that it has not advanced in prosperity, as rapidly as the other territories that have been added to the Union. June 24, 1824. W. H. SIMMONS, G. J. F. CLARKE, P. MITCHELL. THE CULTIVATION OF THE VINE. [We take pleasure in the belief, that those of our correspondents who have written in relation to the Vine, and the adaptation of our soil and climate to its growth, and the importance of the subject as a matter of comfort and economy, have succeeded in awakening the public attention to this very interesting object.Enquiries begin now to be made of us, where cuttings are to be had, and how they are to be treated. In answer to these we have the same answer to make which has been given on various occasions-To wit-That we put in the FARMER, all we gather on every subject to which it is devoted. The previous volumes of this journal abound in essays and instructions on the topick in question; still every day is developing something new, and it is our pleasure to collect whatever may be new and useful.In regard to the practicability of obtaining cuttings, it has been made known that Major Adlum of Georgetown, (D. C.) has them for sale in great variety at the proper season, and if there be others who can supply them, we shall be glad to proclaim it.-We have no doubt the time is coming when the demand for good grape TREATMENT OF GRAPE VINES. Previous to his leaving Winchester last Fall, Mr. TOGNO left with the editor of the Winchester Republican, the following directions for the treatment of the vines he had planted in the neighbourhood. Owing to inattention, their publication has been deferred longer than was expected; although not too long to answer the purpose intended. The way to plant the vines. Select good healthy shoots of last year's growth in the month of January, and put them by in a dry cellar. Let the cuttings be of six eyes, and cut from a fruitful vine as close to the growth of the year before last as possible. In a fine day of February or March, inake holes two feet by two and a half deep; lay the cuttings in them and fill them up with fine garden mould. Do not put manure in them, as it will cause them to rot; hoe them well through the season, and keep them free from weeds. Figure 1, represents a young vine in the fall of the first year after planting, the whole of the cutting having been covered, with the exception of one bud at O, which has put forth the shoot OM. The way to prune the vine the first year is to cut off AQ at A, and to lop off the shoot at B. Figure 2, (first year). If the cutting should be too long, and by some accident or other there should be more shoots than one, (as in fig 2.) then prune the whole of AD at the point A, and afterwards lop off the top of the shoot MM at B. N. B. Where there are more shoots than one, you will select the healthiest and do as above. Never leave more than one shoot, nor to the shoot more than one or two buds in the first year, nor more than two or three in the second year. Never let shoots grow on the body of the vine or from the root. The time of pruning the vines in Virginia should be a fine day in February or March, but no later. You must be very careful to use always a sharp knife, and to hold the stock firm in the left hand, below where you want to cut, and to pull your knife upwards. The first and second years cover the vine stock with straw during the winter, The vine we have pruned in fig. 1 or 2, will, in the fall of the second year, be much such a vine as figure 3. In pruning it, you will top off CL at Q, and CN at D, so that CD will be the last year's growth, on which will be three buds, which will shoot three branches, as in figure 4, and this will be the view of the same vine in the fall of the third year. Then prune SR at S, and lop off the two other branches at M and B, leaving three buds of the last year's growth on each of the branches. The next fall you will have excellent grapes, sweet and well flavoured, which will ripen more regularly and a great deal faster than if not treated in this manner. The vine will never be killed by the cold of the winter, and the young shoot in the spring is less apt to be injured by the frost. TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. ON GUINEA GRASS, SEA KALE, AND AN IMPROVED PLOUGH. Near Selina, (Ala.) 28th June, 1824. DEAR SIR-Of the several parcels of Guinea Grass seeds which you gave me last winter I plant ed some of that which had been received from Ja maica, and divided the others among my friends. Not a single seed of that which I planted vege tated, and I have only heard that one of those with whom I divided, has succeeded in obtaining plants. I planted at the same time, some of the seed which was raised the last year, in South Carolina, with which I was equally unfortunate. With the Sea Kale I have succeeded better, as many of the seed, though planted in March, came up. The plants are growing vigorously, and pre sent a very rich appearance. I am much pleased with the hope that it will prove a most valuable acquisition to our early Spring vegetables. vain in the Patent Office, I have endeavoured to stances under which they happened, would tend ANDREW PICKENS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. Your's, &c. JOS. E. MUSE. At the request of the writer, Mr. BAYLIES has furnished him with a sketch of his remarks, in the House of Representatives, in favour of the increase of duty proposed on Leghorn hats. They are highly interesting, quite to the point, and furnish materials for melancholy reflection, upon the indifference exhibited by our Representatives, to QUERIES ON THE DAMAGE DONE BY the source of wealth which the manufacture to Cambridge, (Md.) August 13, 1824. The plough which I promised to give you a deDEAR SIR-The very unusually numerous acscription of, is called the Jumping Shovel, for cidents from lightning this summer, materially the quality it possesses of jumping over any root invite attention to the means of protection.-If or other obstruction with which it meets, some through the extensive medium of the "American distance below the surface, and immediately Farmer" gentlemen possessed of facts in point, passing on without breaking the continuity of its will be so obliging as to commur.icate them, the furrow, and without hanging, to the great annoy favour will be highly esteemed, and a most inance of the ploughman, and injury to the team teresting branch of science possibly promoted. It also saves much time which is consumed in house? Remarks of Mr. BAYLIES of Massachusetts, on his motion to amend the Tariff, by striking out_the_minimum duty of one dollar on Leghorn Flats and Hats, and inserting three doltars. I am aware that by altering the minimum price on which the cost of this article is to be estimatnew land, in extricating other ploughs from inciously erected, has failed to avert the electric portion to its cost, will be imposed. Has any case occurred when a conductor judi-ed, from one dollar to three, a high duty in pronumerable objects of resistance under the sur-fluid? If so, how far distant from the rod was It has been assumed as a principle in the course face of the ground. The construction of this the point of incidence of the fluid. of the debate on this bill (the Tariff) that a proplough is extremely simple, and I really think it, Has any case occurred when the rod having tecting duty ought to be given in such manner, from experience, the best plough that has ever received the fluid, and being surcharged, or and to such an amount, as shall enable the domes yet been used for the preparation of new land, from any other cause, has diffused it, or a por- tic manufacturer to compete on equal terms with for the cultivation of any crop.-It is simply ation of it through the house or other neighbour the foreign manufacturer in the domestic market. shovel plough, with a coulter before it, without a ing objects? This principle will not apply to my motion. It is projecting point, as is usual with coulters. The If such a case, were the usual precaution of my design, I admit, to exclude these flats and coulter should not touch the point of the shovel, glass bottle necks, or other repellents placed in hats from our own market, and that exclusion is but should be from half an inch to an inch before the staple rings, which connect the rod to the to be wished, by all who are friends to domestic it, and the point of the coulter should go about economy, as well as domestic industry. half an inch below the point of the shovel, The Professor Patterson of the University of Penn- During the year ending September 1822, the coulter should incline but very little forward sylvania, has thrown such doubts upon this sub- amount of the cost of Leghorn hats and flats, as when the plough is in motion, but should be nearly perpendicular. I think a coulter of a lancet tion of his name to the sentiments of George duty, was about $610,000. ject (the efficacy of lightning rods) by the sanc-estimated for the purpose of ascertaining the shape, below the beam, runs the best, but my Adams, whose work on Natural Philosophy, he During the last year the Treasury estimate is ploughmen prefer one shaped thus: revised and published, (leaving this important $813,394. subject as he found it) that it becomes an object of If the importation of the fabrics of Leghorn deep interest to the community to be acquainted was prohibited, trade would not be injured. We To prevent the coulter from splitting the beam, with further facts. do not exchange our commodities for Leghorn an iron ring, fitting it one way, and so long the In Patterson's edition of Adams' Philosophy, bonnets and hats, but the proceeds of half the other way, as to allow the upper end of the coul-vol. 4, p. 329, you will find this sentiment "a American trade in the Mediterranean, are inter, with a wedge before it, to fasten it, to pass pointed conductor has not even the power of at-vested in these straws, which otherwise would through the mortice and through the ring, leav-tracting the lightning a few feet out of the direc- have been invested in articles more necessary, ing the ring, above the beam before the coulter, tion it would choose itself;" ibid: "an objection less costly, and paying more freight. and below the beam behind the coulter. Thus to the use of conductors of either kind, (i. e. But my object Mr. Chairman, is to protect, to constructed, whenever the point of the coulter pointed or knobbed) may also be drawn from the encourage, and to renew a branch of a domestic strikes any thing not easily broken, the point of accident which happened at Heckingham," &c. manufacture, which has been ruined by the introthe beam by the resistance, is thrown down, the ibid. p. 328, “The Franklinians, granting them all duction of the straws of Leghorn. coulter slips over immediately, the plough passes they ask, still make their pointed conductors of Some twenty-two or twenty-three years since, on without loss of time, without any jerking to too much consequence; for it is now well known, a young lady either of Franklin or Wrentham in the ploughman or team, and without breaking that points have no influence at all, unless they Massachusetts, was induced merely for the purthe furrow. I have used it now for three years, be immerged in the electrified atmosphere." pose of experiment, to undertake the fabrication and think the labour of subjecting the wilderness Similar sentiments, and instances quoted to con- of a bonnet from straw. Her experiment sucto the dominion of (that great civiliser,) the firm them, are concluded by this strong remark, ceeded, and in consequence of her success some plough, much diminished. "Hence it is evident that the effect of conductors of the females who lived in her vicinity, were alI pretend neither to the invention nor improve-in general is too inconsiderable either to lessen so induced to try the experiment, and they also ment of this plough, as it is used partially in fear or animate hope." succeeded.-In that neighbourhood the business South Carolina, but much used in some parts of So dissonant are these sentiments from the soon became general. All bonnets and hats for this state. Who is entitled to the improvement common impression, as well as from the feelings domestic use, were fabricated at home. These I know not, but am sure he deserves the thanks and interests of the human family, that the at- bonnets were at length introduced by the country of the farmer and planter more than many of tention of the farmer or the philosopher cannot traders, into the cities and seaports, and met with those who obtain patent rights for inventions be invited to a subject more worthy of enquiry, a favourable reception. In the year 1806, I met which I presume their vanity may induce them to whether viewed in regard to personal safety, or a New-York trader on a journey, who informed believe will be useful to others and creditable to the security of property; and the communica-me, that he had purchased straw bonnets at themselves. tion which is earnestly solicited to be made, Wrentham, to the amount of ten thousand dolHaving never seen a hint of this plough in the through the wide range of your paper, of known lars. I well recollect my astonishment at this inAmerican Farmer, and having looked for it in facts of electrical phenomena, with the circum-formation, for so ignorant was I at the time, of the extent of this business, that I did not believe try which cannot injure the nation, and which the consolation, however, of having got up, in fine that bonnets to that amount were manufactured in will enrich it. order, extraordinary crops of wheat, rye, oats and hay. all the states. The English Dunstables were ex cluded from the American market, by the American straws which surpassed them in elegance, durability and cheapness. Fashion soon gave them currency, and they met with a rapid and profitable sale in the markets of Boston, NewYork, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, Charleston and Savannah. WORMS IN THE HEAD OF SHEEP. TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. Washington, Aug. 27, 1824. WOOL-SAXONY SHEEP. [The Editor on a late visit to Saratoga Springs, was presented by General Sumner, one of the purchasers of the Saxony sheep, with a sample of the wool, which may be seen by any farmer or manufacturer. The object in copying into the Farmer the following article, is to shew that fine wooled sheep are coming again into the public esteem; and also to shew, for future use and referience, into whose hands these sheep have passed. In the names of several besides General Sumner and Mr Hurlbut, we recognise some of the most enlightened and publick spirited practical agriculturists. We here repeat our request that subscribers in the seaports, and proprietors of manufactories would furnish us with the present prices of wool and with remarks upon the wool market, which appears to us to be very precarious and without stability or system].-Edit. Am. Far. FROM THE CONCOKD (N. H. ) REGISTER. Report of the sale of Saxony_Sheep, by Messrs. oolidge, Poor & Head, at Roxbury, (Mass.) on the 15th July, 1824. Dear Sir:-During the last winter and spring, some of my neighbours lost a number of valuable At the commencement of the late war, this Sheep by worms in the head. In some cases as manufacture was in its most flourishing state, 1 many as thirty were found lodged in the passages was told on good authority, that the annual leading from the nose. Indeed, every cavity of amount of the sales of straw bonnets manufac- the head, having any direct communication with tured in ten adjoining Towns, (townships) in the nostrils, contained more or less of them. I Massachusetts, was $500,000. The whole amount have some of them in my possession, preserved has been stated by the chairman of the commit-in spirits. The largest are over half an inch tee on manufactures to have been $800,000; and a long, and in shape bear considerable resemblance circular from some gentlemen of respectability to the common cut worm, often so destructive to who are well acquainted with the subject, states our cabbage plants. They are encircled by ten the amount to have been in some years $1,500,000. rings. The small ones are white, except the These straws were woven and shaped by head, which is black. As they increase in size young unmarried females, of that class whose they gradually approach to a dirty black colour. labour is not generally productive. The work In order to guard against these destructive verwas done in families under the paternal roof, min it appeared necessary to ascertain, if possiand by the domestic fireside, and never was ble, the exact time they are deposited in the head. labour sweetened with such rewards. I have For this purpose I obtained the aid of a respecknown and I have heard of many farmers, table physician, and at regular periods procured who were relieved from embarrassments and the heads of sheep from a butcher for dissection. mortgages, by the labour of their daughters, and Until the 17th inst. we found the heads entirely those daughters when married, would carry to free from any appearance of the worm. Those Nos. 1, ram, $41, A. A. Moore; 2, ewe, 41, A. their husbands marriage portions, frequently of a discovered on that day, bore every mark of hav-A. Moore; 3, ram, 49, P. Dana; 4, ewe, 49, I. thousand and sometimes of two thousand dollars, ing been very recently deposited. They were P. Dana; 5, ram, 49, A. A. Moore; 6, ewe, 771, which is an establishment for any young farmer barely perceptible to the naked eye; and al-Watson & Hurlbut: 7. ram, 92, T. Thaxter,; 8, in New England. The profitable exercise of this though quite lively, it was only by the aid of alewe, 4g. T. Thaxter, and lamb, at 24; 9, ram, employment extended its benefits, not fanciful, magnifying glass, that we could distinctly observe | 57, J. Barrett; 10, ewe, 41, A. A. Moore; 21, no speculative, but real, to all the neighbouring the characteristic marks of the old worm. They ram, 48, Town; 12, ewe, 56, Watson & Hurlbut; farmers. Their unproductive lands were devoted were slightly attached to the membrane, covering 13, ram, 77, I. P. Dana; 14, ram, 74, Watson & to the culture of rye. Eighty dollars have been the cartilage of the nose, about half way up the Hurlbut; 15, ram, 73, B. Buck; 16, ram, 73, L. offered and refused, for the rye growing on a sin- head. Much doubt and uncertainty exists as to Stone; 17, ram, 75, I. P. Dana; 18, ram, 47, gle acre. The face of the country was improved, the parent of these worms. The most general Withered; 19, ewe, 45, I. P. Dana; 20, ram, 42, and a vast addition was made to the value of the opinion is, that it is a long, slender, black fly, Chesbrook; 21, ewe, 52, Breed; 22, ram, 108 soil, by multiplying its capabilities. The com- somewhat resembling the wasp. I consider this, Clash; 23, ewe, 55, I. P. Dana; 24, ram, 89, forts of the farmer were increased, his falling however, al.ogether conjecture. I observe that Watson and Hurlbut; 25, ewe, 61, H. Rice; 26, fences were reared, his decaying house was re- daubing the sheeps nose with tar is considered as ram 78, F. Moore; 27, ewe, 56, J. Barrett; 29, ram, paired; taste came in with her embellishments, a protection against this unknown enemy. What 72, Breed; 29, ewe, 52, Watson & Hurlbut; 30, and neatness and plenty literally united around experience I have had, is rather calculated to ram, 80, Gen. Sumner; 31, ewe, 56, J. Barrett; the hut of poverty. Sad indeed is the reverse strengthen this opinion. I have always made 32, ram, 54, G. M. Barrett; 33, ram, 34, B. BusCold and cheerless want once more revisits the free use of tar amongst my sheep; and I do not sey; 34, ram, 40, Cross; 35, ram, 26, J. Field; n.ansions of the poor. know that I ever lost one by the worms in the 36, ram, 35, Cross; 37, ram, 30, Gen. Sumner,; The Caprice of fashion has introduced an arti- head. Many of the sheep owners in this country 38, ewe, 50, I. P. Dana; 39, ram, 54, J. Barrett; cle manufactured from the straw of Tuscany, consider them the most formidable enemy (dogs 40, ewe, 50, I. P. Dana; 43, ram, 57, Bemis; which, to say the least, has deprived numerous excepted) we have to contend with. My present 42, ewe, 57, I. P. Dana; 43, ram, 82, Watson & American families of many of their comforts. intention is to continue my examinations, and Hurlbut; 44, ewe, 46, Watson & Hurlbut; 47, The tulip-mania of Holland was not so ruinous watch their progress and movements, as far ram 573, I. P. Dana; 48, ewe, 49, ram, 61, L. Stone; to that nation, as the mania for wearing Leg- as practicable. Every day's experience gives 50, ewe, 57, S. Lathrop, and lamb, 283; 51, ram, horns is to this. The vast amount which was strength to the conviction, that in a few years 66, Abbott; 52, ewe, 75, Watson & Hurlbut; 53 formerly paid to our own citizens, which gladden- wool will be a leading article of export from our ram, 138, Watson & Hurlbut; 54, ewe, and a lamb ed the poor man's heart, which increased the side the mountain. At present prices, with us, at 38; 55, ram, 77, Watson & Hurlburt; ewe, 671, productiveness of our soil, and relieved our citi. the labour necessary to produce twenty dollars I. P. Dana, and a lamb, at 38; 57 ram, 101, zens from debt, is given to the Tuscans! Fashion worth of flour would produce fifty dollars worth Chesbrook; 58, ewe, 130, A. A. Moore; 59, ram, has said that it is ungenteel to appear in a domes- of fine wool. Wool can be taken to an eastern 77, Watson & Hurlbut; 60, ewe, 79, L. Stone; 61, tic bonnet: a word has ruined a manufacture market for five per cent. The flour we now send ram, 101. J. Mason; 62, ram, 87, S. Whitman; which subsisted thousands! to your city, our nearest steady market, is half 63, ram, 67, S Lathrop; 64, ram, 147, J. Strong; Sumptuary laws are not justifiable; could they sunk by carriage. When these facts are fairly 65, ram, 69, Watson & Hurlbut; 55, ram, 66, be justified in any case, they would be in this. weighed, you will not think it strange, that in this H. Rice; 67, ram, 117, A. A. Moore; 68, ram, Should the motion now before us prevail I section of country, every thing relating to that 139, T. Thaxter ; 69, ram, 107, I, P. Dana; 70, think it will go far towards the exclusion of the invaluable animal, the fine wooled sheep, is view-ram, 65, Gen. Sumner; 71, ram, 75, I. P. Dana; coarser, and least valuable fabrics of Leghorn; ed with the deepest interest. It is hoped, from 72, a lamb, 40, I P. Dana. and if our country women choose to pay $50 or the spirit of enquiry that now prevails, that some $60 for a Leghorn, when one of home manufac-useful facts may be elicited. Should this be the By the above account of sales of Saxony sheep. ture could be purchased for six, it becomes a case, you may expect to hear from me again. it appears now certain, that there are a respectproper subject for a high duty, and if they will I am, Sir, very sincerely, yours, &c. able number of gentlemen who are inclined to ALEXANDER REED. with this high duty, continue to wear the foencourage the importation, and growth at home, reign fabric, the revenue will be benefitted, and P. S. Until yesterday, we have not had rain of Saxony sheep and wool; this small experiment, the nation will gain something, by taxing a folly sufficient to wet the ground half an inch deep, for as it may be called, of 70 Saxony sheep from the which cannot be prevented. If on the other near six weeks. This severe drought has reduc- vicinity of Leipsick, is of incalculable importance hand, the importation is prevented, you will re-ed our corn crops fully one-third. We will have to the farming interest of our country, and it is store and revive a branch of manufacturing indus-but little buckwheat and no turnips. We have very desirable that the greatest care should be The average price was $69 35. A SUBSCRIBER. taken of them; they are unquestionably finer invent ure to assert without much fear of contradic-ally increasing and improving machines are emgeneral, and more uniform in fleece, than any |tion, that this is one of the first tombstones, plac- ployed in hundreds of operations, in weaving. flock of the Merino breed ever imported. Yet ed by the hands of Europeans, in the U. States. bleaching, dying, printing, dressing, &c. &c, at the same time, it may be admitted, that many I am, Sir, with respect, yours, &c. every species of cloth for the garments of the ewes might be selected from choice flocks, now world-in the various hardware manufacturesin our country, whose fleeces would be as much in letter press printing and engraving, and an esteemed, as half of those Saxony sheep, for qualNew Brunswick, (N. J.) Aug 2. endless catalogue of other operations, which ity and weight. Such should be taken to the HIGHLY IMPORTANT DISCOVERY.-Levi Dish-were formerly performed at an immense expenSaxony bucks-say from 20 to 60 to one buck, brow, an ingenious and enterprizing mechanic of diture of time and labour, by unassisted manual this fall, in November or December. A choice this city, being impressed with the belief, that by power alone. Add to this, the thousand steamSpanish breed buck may now be bought at 5 a boring into the earth a sufficient depth, a stream engines that are now working for us, over all the 810; and it is a fact, that of the thousands im of water might be caused to flow therefrom, any kingdom, some of them of considerable powers; ported in 1810, '11 and '12, there is scarcely one where in this region of country; some time since there is one steam-engine at present in Cornwall, old Spaniard now remaining in our land; and we determined to try the experiment, He commen- working day and night, and of 260 horse power; may safely affirm, that their descendants, kept ced the operation of boring at the distillery of now each horse power, is estimated as equal to pure and distinct, even to the 12th and 13th gene- J. H. Bostwick, Esq. about a mile north west of six men; and it would require three sets of men, rations, have not deteriorated; and those which New Brunswick, where he has perforated each working incessantly eight hours out of have been well taken care of, have produced from through various strata of red shell, slate, silex, twenty-four, to produce the same effect at this 4 to 9 Ibs. wool when unwashed. Gentlemen who and granite, to the depth of about 160 feet, and single steam-engine, which thus performs the lahave had the best experience, known how very has brought up a stream of pure water, which bour of 4,580 persons. slow the number of real full-blooded ewes in-now discharges about 1,600 gallons in 24 hours, If we reflect for a moment on these facts, we crease-and we may rest assured, that there is and keeps increasing as his augur descends deep-shall be convinced the mechanical power which not one fiftieth part of the wool now raised in er. He commenced in the bottom of a well of is now at work for great Britain and Ireland America, for the demand for our own consump-about thirteen feet in depth, the water of which alone exceeds the effects which would be protion, which will compare in quality, or pile with was quite hard, but the water he had brought up duced by the manual labour of several hundred the best Spanish or Saxony; and when the happy from this great depth is said to be soft as rain millions of active adults-certainly of more than, day shall come, that our policy is truly American, water, and several degrees colder than any of our the working population of the world. and we determine to clothe the back as effectual-ordinary springs or wells. This is a discovery ly as we do the head or feet, our agriculturists of immense value, as it will enable any one who may cover their green hills with the Merinoes of can afford the expense, to have a stream of water every grade, with wool worth from forty cents to issuing at his door, in his barn-yard or in his without having enterprize to profit by them, is Canal Commerce.-To open facilities for trade .51 50 per pound. fields, of the finest and most delicious flavour; useless. We have already noticed the floating and will, it is believed, in a great measure, super- | museum and caravan of animels on the canal. cede the sinking of wells, and the use of pumps; We have now to notice a book and stationary nor is it improbable, that in some situations a store afloat, and a substantial boat fitted up as a sufficient supply may be obtained by hydraulic grocery store, with choice liquors and select arpower. He intends boring until he causes a suffi- ticles of every description, having a counter, desk, cient quantity of water to ascend to the requisite scales, &c. This way farm house, hotel, and taDear Sir:-As I am unable, at this time, to height to supply Mr. Bostwick's distillery, with- vern on the road, are supplied with good and furnish you with any thing that would be useful out the use of pumps; and from what he has al- cheap articles between Albany and Rochester. to the agricultural part of your readers, I forward ready accomplished, we have no doubt of his We shall soon have fancy goods, and every you the following which may not be unacceptable realizing his expectation. We congratulate the saleable article on the canal.-Advocate. to the antiquarian part of them. public on a discovery of such importance, and There is to be seen on a high cliff, near the hope some spirited individuals will enable him, head of the tide water of Potomac creek, a branch as soon as he shall have finished the job in hand, of Potomac river, and about six miles from the to prosecute the investigation, while they may latter, an old mutilated Tombstone, with an inadd essentially to their own comfort and conveniscription on it, of which the following is a fac simile, taken some short time ago: TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. Stafford County, July 10, 1824. HERE LIES INTERRED THE BODY OF EDMOND ence. To prevent Snow-water from penetrating Take equal quantities of Bees-wax and mutton suet, and melt them together in an earthen pipkin, over a slow fire.-Lay the mixture while Manufactures of Great Britain.-It was esti-hot on the boots and shoes, which ought to be mated about 6 or 7 years ago, by three of the made warm also; let them stand before the fire INPHYSICK AND CHYRURGE most experienced cotton spinners in Great Bri-a short time for it to soak in and then put them RY BORN IN BEDFORD SHIRE OBIIT MARCH *11 1618-ÆTATISSUA 46 tain, that the quantity of cotton thread produced away until they are quite cold. When they are on an average by each worker, compared with so, rub them dry with a piece of flannel, in order that which one person could have spun on the that you may not grease your blacking brushes. single wheel, as was the practice before the late If you black them well before you put the mixThis Tombstone is a rough slab, on which very inventions of Arkwright and others, was then as ture on, you will find them take the blacking little art has been bestowed, taken from a free- 120 to 1; that is, one person produced as much as much better afterwards. stone quarry about two or three hundred yards 220 could have produced previously to these indistant. The first time I saw it, (which was ventions. There are now about 280,000 persons Volcanoes. In an account taken from the about ten years ago,) it was standing on four rough engaged in the spinning of cotton thread in this pillars of the same kind of stone; but the culti- | country-280,000 multiplied by 120, gives 33,600, French papers, 6 of the volcanoes, at present in vator of the land on which it stood, not possessing 000 as the number of operatives who would have existence,' it is stated that, with the exception of quite as much antiquarian enthusiasm as Mr. been required to produce as much cotton thread two in the central part of Asia, not one is more Oldbuck, took it down and removed it to the edge on the old plan, as is spun in Great Britain at than fifty leagues from the sea; whence it is inof the field, in doing which it was broken in two. present. Political economists generally reckon ferred that water acts an important part in volcaBy comparing the date on this stone with the one in five a producer, but say one in three; nic eruptions. The following general summary time of Captain John Smith's visits to Virginia, then it follows, that it would require the working is worth quoting: there can be very little doubt but this Dr. Helder part of a population of more than one hundred was one of those adventurous spirits who accom-millions of human beings to produce on the old panied the heroic and gallant Smith into the inte- single wheel as much cotton thread as 280,000 rior of the State, and on this spot either perished workers are enabled to manufacture, in conse-Europe, by the tomahawk of the savage foe, or fell a vic-quence of the mechanism by which they are as-Africa, America, tim to the climate, which proved so unfavourable sisted. to the first settlers; for it must be remembered Now the spinning of cotton thread is only one Asia, that the father of Virginia, in his history, men-particular branch of one particular manufacture. Oceania, tions his exploring this very creek. Be these The same improvements have been made in conjectures worth what they may, I think I can wool and flax spinning. Wonderful and continu Number of Active Volcanoes. On the Continenta In the Islands. Total 11 12 6 6 3 61 24 32 TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. MILLET-ON NEW LAND. Robert Sinclair, ELLICOTT STREET, PRATT-STREET-WHARF, HEAD OF THE BASIN, will not bear a greater proportion than five does ÍRBY HUDSON, THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1824. Palmyra, August 8, 1824. DEAR SIR-I have seen several accounts of -crops of millet in your paper, which appear to be smaller than one I raised last year. Four quarts were sown on what was intended to be an acre,tity made in this State the last year was 20 to but by measurement since it appears to be 190 30,000 bales more than will be made this year." rods. The produce, when threshed, was measurYours, respectfully, &c. ed and turned out fifty bushels. The land was part of a piece I cleared for wheat. The wood had been partly cut off for firewood, and the burn was in consequence not so good as on the rest of the piece; large spots were left on it unburnt, so that we thought it would not answer well for wheat. If you are acquainted with clearing land you will know, that the crop is considered to depend, in a great measure, upon the goodness of CORN CROP. We have intentionally wait. the burn. The drought last summer was the ed for some weeks before we would undertake to greatest ever recollected in this State. The land announce the calamity that is impending over the on which the millet was sown is a loam, in a slight agricultural interest of the Eastern Shore-The degree more moist than the remainder. The destruction occasioned by the drought is univerwheat adjoining was the best on the piece; we sal, and we lament to say that accounts from all supposed it to be a little more than twenty bush- quarters assure us, that the crop is now too far els to an acre. The millet was sown the 7th of gone to be benefitted by rain, and that the quantiJune, and reaped the 9th of September: two men ty of Corn made on the Eastern Shore will not thrashed it in a day and a half: all sorts of stock be more than two-fifths of what it was the last appear to be very fond of it. Four quarts of seed year. The destruction is unexampled and almost to an acre, is the usual allowance here; which beyond calculation.-Easton Gaz seems to be much less than your correspondents H. WARREN. Editorial Correspondence. Extract of a letter dated Eatonton, 14th August, 1824. And, an extensive assortment of GARDEN SEEDS, most of which were imported last spring, for raised at his farm. The imported seeds have been proved to be true and vegetate well. Also, BIRD SEEDS, such as Canary, Rape, and Hemp Seed. A fine BULL CALF, half Devon, one-fourth Holderness, one-fourth short horn Durham breed. The dam of this calf was got by Bergami out of an imported Holderness of the long horn breed. Also, a three-fourth Devon, one-fourth Holderness BULL CALF, and several one-half blooded Devon BULL CALVES, out of fine country cows. Enquire of the Editor. Portable Threshing Machine. at the south use. My men judged that the straw TOBACCO CROP.-A gentleman well qual- corn of the last year's crop now on hand, and the MARYLAND TOBACCO.-Fine, yellow, none in J. SPEAR SMITH. Mr. Buel, CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Observations of a Correspondent, on a visit to Saratoga, No. IV.-East Florida, a condensed view of its climate, Cultivation of the Vine-Treatment of Grape Vines-Ou soil, extent, and natural and cultivated productions-The Guinea Grass, Sea Kale, and an improved Plough-Queries on the damage done by Lightning, and the means of avert ly the influence which the rain now falling may ERROR CORRECTED. In the 22d Number, under the heading it-On the Manufacture of Straw and Grass Bonnets, No. have on the growing crop. The consequence of Observations of a Correspondent at Saratoga Springs, where--An inscription on an ancient tombstone in Stafford Coun the partial showers of rain has had, in some de-in an account is given of the Military Academy at West-ty, Virginia-Highly important discovery--Manufactures of gree, the same influence on the cotton as on the Point, it should have been stated, that no Cadets are admitted Great Britain---Cauai Commerce---To prevent Snow-water UNDER, instead of over the age of fourteen. from penetrating Boots or Shoes---Volcanoes---Worms in the corn crops. I think the calculation is a fair one In the 21st Number, page 165, note, for anthox xanthun, head of Sheep---Wool, Saxony Sheep---Editorial Corresponto estimate, that the number of pounds that may read anthoxanthum. Number 22, page 173, note, for 11d to dence---Millet, on new land---Editor's remarks---Prices Curbe made on each acre cultivated in this State, 12 1-2d per wt. read 11d to 12 1-2d per Ib. rent---Advertisements, &c. |