of garden-ground in a day; I have, before I wasj vulgarly considered as ridiculous, and even con- FROM THE NEW YORK EVENING POST. ON THE INSECTS WHICH INJURE FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER. You have set your fellow citizens and cotemporaries, a good example. By following it, our ju- The Harmonie Society, on the Wabash River, nior naturalists who are aspiring to usefulness in the state of Indiana, has during a number of and reputation, may discover there is a very ex-years manufactured Oil of Pumkin seeds with tensive field to be explored; and alluring re-good success, but lately they have discovered wards in store for such of them as perform a that well dryed peach kernels also contain an worthy service. oily substance; and upon the first trial, they have And now we know the enemy that mars our ex-pressed out of seven pecks of such kernels, five pectations of enjoying tasteful fruit, I exhort you gallons of excellent oil, which is very little infeand them to prosecute researches, until all its rior to sweet oil, and may be used with advanmanners and habits shall be known, and a mode tage for many different useful purposes. of preventing its ravages shall be detected. New-York, June 17th, 1824. This is enough for the present. The specific every where in the United States, it might be a And since peaches prosper and grow almost N. GOODSETT, Esq. description can be finished at a future day. That matter of importance to every economical husSir-When you brought me a few days ago, part of the task requires the more caution, and bandman to gather the peach stones, which have green and growing plums that had been invaded delicacy, since the Curcullo, before us, is not for a long time been considered useless, and get by an insect, I gave perfect attention to the dis-one of the twelve new and until then, undelineat them opened and the kernels saved, during the course you made, and the demonstration which ed kinds, contained in the Entomological manual long winter evenings, or in wet weather, whereby accompanied it. You gave me the most conclu- of insects, (fasciculus 1) published in 1797, in he could find himself well recompensed for all sive evidence that the skin of the young truit Latin at Nuremberg, by my late correspondent, his expended trouble. was divided by a sort of semi circular incision, the distinguished Godfried Christian Reich, Proor scratch; that within or beneath it, an egg or fessor at Erlangen, &c. In Harmonie, the above labour is performed by nit was deposited; and that when the hatching Until more shall be done, I entreat you to be school hours. small schoolboys for their pastime between the F. R. process had gone far enough, there was a worm assured of my thankfulness and regard. or larvæ, which had eaten its way to the surface of the stone, or woody box containing the kernel.] Thus, there was proof enough that the integuments had been penetrated; the rudiment of the destroyer inserted; and in several of the specimens, the grub or caterpillar, was actually devouring the pulp. SAMUEL L MITCHELL. FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER. A ripe tomatoe of excellent flavour, weighing ADVANTAGE OF SILK WAISTCOATS. fourteen ounces, and measuring fourteen inches round, was gathered from the garden of Timothy The power of electricity over the body is well Chandler, Esq. of Caroline county, (Va.) on the known, in fact, we can never enjoy health nor com-27th July; it was weighed and measured by two fort without a proper portion of it in the system. respectable neighbours. As soon as I expressed a desire to know what When this portion is deficient, we feel languid the parent-insect or "Imago" was, you produced and heavy, and very foolishly pronounce a libel August, 1824. læm. the creature, which you assured me had laid the on the blood, which is quite innocent, while we fection, the cultivator should make choice of one N. B. To raise Tomatoes to the greatest peregg, shy-retiring and difficult to catch; but, which, never suspect the damp atmosphere of robbing for seed while growing on the vine; dry the seed you had nevertheless, by your perseverance suc- us of our electricity. Yet so it is. In dry weather, in the shade, and sow them in a rich soil, early in ceeded in seizing and securing on a tree at Har- whether it be warm, cold or frosty, we feel light March; when they are about a foot high, they and spirited because dry air is a slow conductor should be stuck with six poles round each plant; It instantly became a matter of business, or of electrity, and leaves us to enjoy its luxuries.indeed of duty for me, connected as I am, with In moist or rainy weather we feel oppressed and and round the poles wrap some strings of any the plants should be three or four feet apartagricultural and horticultural societies, to deter- drowsy, because all moisture greedily absorbs our kind of bark, to keep the plants growing up mine the zoological character of the animal with electricity, which is the buoyant cordial of the bo straight. The seeds should be sowed every year, whose history you had made me so far acquaint- dy. To remedy this inconvenience, we have only and not suffered to come up spontaneously-then to discover a good non-conductor of electricity they will not degenerate. ed. or feelers. It belongs to the Tetrameres, or Portebeco; a to prevent its escape from the body; and this we section of the "Coleopterous order," having the have in silk, which is so excellent a non-conducforepart of the head lengthened into a sort of a tor, that the thunder-bolt, or the forked lightning Trotting A New York paper says-" The muzzle, snout, or proboscis, bearing the antenna itself, could not pass through the thinnest silk Philadelphia horse beat the New-York mare, handkerchief, provided, always, that it be quite Betsey Baker, about 100 yards; the distance was The genus might seem, on superficial examina- dry. Those, therefore, who are apt to become low three miles, which was completed in the short tion, to be the BRUCHUS, whose females are not-spirited and listless in damp weather, will find space of 8 minutes and 52 seconds. The same ed for laying an egg in the germ while yet tender silk waistcoats, drawers, and stockings, to be the horse trotted over the same ground last summer, and small, of leguminous plants, cereal grains, most powerful of all cordials. Flannel is also good, 12 miles in 30 minutes. palm, coffee and certain other seeds, where it but nothing so powerful as silk. Washed leathfeeds and undergoes its metamorphosis; forming er is likewise a non-conductor of electricity, and on its exit the circular holes which we see in may be used by those who prefer it. But silk is Editorial Correspondence. lentils and more especially in peas. by far the best; and those who dislike to wear Extract of a letter dated Dover (Del.) August A more correct judgment, however, refers it to flannel next to the skin, will find equal benefit by 7th, 1824. the tribe of CURCULIO, Charanson, or Weevil; substituting cotton shirts, drawers, and stockings, "Crops of Indian Corn on the Peninsula, will and to that section comprehending the individuals, with silk ones over them; or where more heat is be short-perhaps not more than two-thirds of whose attenuæ or feelers are situated near the required, flannel ones between the cotton and the the common crop, owing to the cold weather in extremity of a short rump. They had scarcely silk, for the silk should always be outermost. We the first part of the season, and to the depredaproceeded further than this point in the enquiry, like to give reasons for our advice, and our readers tions of worms, &c.-Our crops of wheat were when you brought me from a neighbouring plan may depend on the philosophy of these recom-very fine." tation, a few miles out of town, the twig of a mendations-we can answer for their being praccherry tree bearing fruit assailed and injured in a tically correct. similar manner, by the semicircular gashes or wounds; and with it the living author of the mischief. Extract of a letter dated Savannah, (Geo.) August 4th. Silk, indeed, should be used in every possible manner by the weak-in the lining of sleeves, in "Our crops of cotton are now very promising, the stiffness of neckcloths, and even in the entire particularly among the Sea Islands and those Considering the serious damage man sustains backs of surtous, cloaks, mantles, and in the co-planters have been fortunate with their corn crop, from insects in almost numberless ways, I have verlets of beds, &c. ; and where health is in ques-but owing to a long drought in the upper part of always regretted that ENTOMOLOGY, or the tion, it will in the end be found to be the most this state, it is said that the crop of corn will be branch of natural science treating of their de- economical stuff that can be used, as it will save exceedingly short.-For the same reason there structive swarms, should be so much neglected; many an apothecary's bill. When it can be a will be a short crop of sweet potatoes with us all. and that the person who cultivated it, should be principal means of preventing consumption, rheu- This last article will prove a ruinous toss, as it considered as a trifler; a student of bugs and matism, gout, inflammations, melancholy, mad- furnishes a good proportion of the food consuined trifles! It is a subject of infinite regret that this ness, and even suicide itself, no expense ought to in plantations where there are many young ne highly important branch of knowledge should bejbe spared.-Edinburgh Weekly Chronicle. groes." &c. &c. COMMUNICATION. of wool growers? Also, on the use and best mode The price of the above seed is 37 cents per To the Agricultural Society of South Carolina, of applying lime, to what crops, in what condi-ounce, or $5 per pound-the ounce will yield forwarded for publication by the Chairman of tion, quantity, and with what practical effects, upwards of 2000 fine cabbages.-The time to sow this seed is from the 8th to the 15th of Septhe Committee on Publications. The communication from our correspon-tember. Printed directions respecting the proThe last year, (1823) I selected two half acres dent respecting the management, produce, &c. of per soil, treatment and cultivation of these cabof land, of a light sandy soil, as equal in quality the farm of Earl Stimson, Esq. with an analysis of bages, will accompany each parcel of the seed.— as possible, with the view of ascertaining the his soil, &c. was received too late for this paper. Orders, with remittances, from all parts of the most profitable mode of cultivating the Sweet Union, will be promptly attended to, if directed Potato-namely, whether the seed ought to be cut into two or more parts, according to the usual Correspondents whose favours, whether pri- to Samuel Ault, No. 78, Bridge-street, Baltimore. practice, or to be planted whole. These two half vate, or for publication, have been neglected, will And, to prevent mistakes, impositions, &c., upon acres were manured equally with long litter or please pardon the delay which has arisen from each parcel of seed will be pasted or printed straw from the barn yard, and the same labor was the absence of the Editor. His leisure moments label in words as follows." EARLY GEORGE CABBAGE SEED, imported and warranted by bestowed on each. The result is as follows-the from official duties will be dedicated exclusively to half acre planted with the cut seed produced 563 their use, until their communications shall have Samuel Ault." heaped bushels, being equal to 113 bushels to the been properly attended to. acre, and gave no vines in time for slip planting. The half acre planted with the whole seed, gave 108 bushels, being equal to 216 bushels to the acre, and produced vines early and in abundance. SAMUEL AULT. As the experience of one year, however, cannot P. S. Ihave likewise BULLOCK'S HEART, lead to just conclusions in agriculture, I shall con Flour, Howard St., $5 25, wagon price-Do. DRUMHEAD, BATTERSEA, and SAVOY, tinue the experiment until I am perfectly satisfied Susquehannah, $5, cargo price-Do. Wharf $5 Wheat, white, 93 cts-Do. Red, 85 to 88-Corn, 32 Cabbage seeds for sale. This paper is laid before the Society, with a-Do. Rye, brl. $2 a $2 75-Corn Meal, brl. $2— view of inducing others to institute a similar cts.-Do. white, 33 cts.-Rye, per bus. 37 cts. course of experiments. as to the result. J. MIDDLETON. Wacho, 20th Feb. 1823. N. B.-Any seed that may be offered to the public as EARLY GEORGE CABBAGE, unaccompanied by the label as above, is spurious, as I PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE-careful- am at present, the proprietor's only agent in this ly collected every Thursday, for the American country. Farmer. By ROGERS & SYMINGTON. An Overseer. -Oats, 19 cts. cargo price-B. E. Peas, none- Wanted, an active, capable, and respectable White Beans, none-Whiskey, 27 cts.-Apple YOUNG MAN, without family, to take charge Brandy, 35 cts-Peach do. $1.-Herrings, No. 1, of a Farm, now in high tilth, and remarkably $2 a $2 25- No. 2, $1 873--Do. Old, No. 1, 81 healthy. He will be allowed a fixed salary; must 50-Ditto ditto No. 2, $1 25-Shad, trimmed, $6 be well acquainted with agricultural pursuits; of * It is said that the vines will take and produce 75-Do. Untrimmed, $5 75-Ginseng, out of sea- unquestionable integrity, sobriety and good moral good slips even when put out in dry weather, pro-son-Linseed Oil, 65 cents.-Clover Seed, out of character. With proof of these qualities, he will vided they are put in a line on the top of the bed season-Flax Seed, rough, 75 cents per bushel- hear of employment upon application to the Ediand then covered with earth, leaving only four or Timothy, Do. out of season-Hay, per ton, $10- tor-but, without this evidence, none need apply. five inches of the vine extending beyond the rows Flax, 10 cts.-Candles, Mould, 12 cts.-Soap, 7, where they are intersected by the cross alleys.cts.--Pork, Mess, $16 00-Ditto Prime, $12This is a matter of such importance as to merit ex- Butter, 7 cts. to 14 cts.-Lard, 9 cts.-Bacon, periment. W. W. 6 a 7 cts.-Leather, Best Sole, 24 to 27 cts.-) do. 25 to 28 cts.-Common, 20 to 25 cts.-25 MARYLAND TOBACCO.-Fine, yellow, 25 to 40, scarce-fine, spangled, 16 to 20, do-fine, red, 12 to 16, do-good, do. 6 to 10 do-common, 3 to 5, plenty-dark brown, 2 to 3, do. Superior Cabbage Seed! Wilder & Campbell, BOOKSELLERS, 142, BROADWAY, NEW-YORK, Have for sale, one copy of the Flora Londinensis, with several hundred beautifully coloured plates, with the places of growth and times of flowering of the plants; their several names according to LINNEAS and other authors, with a particular description of each plant in Latin and English; to which are added their several uses in medicine, agricultural, rural economy, and other arts: By WM. CURTIS-in two large folio vols. bds-price, $75. Elements of Botany: by ROBERT J. THORNTON, with 160 plates and numerous dissections, arThe subscriber hath received by the Mogul ranged according to the Lennæan System: By from Liverpool, a supply of very fine EARLY PETER DUDGEON, Lecturer in Botany-1 vol. royYORK cabbage seed, which he will sell at the al 8vo.bound in calf-price, coloured, $10-plain, low price of 3,50 per pound. He has also late. $6. This work is highly recommended by Dr. ly received a fresh supply of the very excellent TORREY. seed called EARLY GEORGE CABBAGE, the Flora Boreali, Americana: by A. MICHAUXProduction of William Waitland, Esq., who has 50 discovered the method of raising the seed so as to prevent any of the plants from running to seed in the Spring.-This seed produces very genuine plants, which are very hardy in standing the winter, and they make hard WHITE HEADS from two to three weeks sooner than the EARLY YORKS. Baltimore July 14th, 1824. plates. Smith's Flora. Eaton's Manuel of Botany. Conversations on Botany, with twenty-one coloured plates; with various other Botanical and Agricultural Works on hand. W. & C. have made arrangements by the residence of their Mr. Campbell, in London, for receiving regular supplies of every interesting work Orders solicited. The Editor is at his post again, with re- In confirmation of the above I here subjoin the newed health and augmented desire, by being use-testimony of some of the most respectable Gar-in Agriculture, the Arts, and Sciences, &c. &c. ful, to shew that he is grateful to his numerous deners of Baltimore Market, who have made use and generous patrons. He finds on his return a of this seed six or seven years. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. flattering accession of subscribers, and some valExtracts from Agricultural Addresses, &c &c.-Commuuable communications, which will, as soon as posnication from Ward Nicholas Boylston, Esq. to the Corressible, be arranged for publication. He solicits a ponding Secretary of the Worcester Agricultural Societycontinuation of the favours of his correspondents; We the undersigned do certify that the Cab-From the United States Gazette, on the Manufacture of and, for the present, would beg to suggest thebage seed called EARLY GEORGE, which is Straw and Grass Bonnets, No. 6-From Cobbett's Cottage want of information as to the effects of the Tariff imported and sold by Samuel Ault, is of the very Economy, on Keeping Cows-On the Insects which injure on agricultural commodities generally, and espe-best quality, being very early and genuine, likecially on wool. Will some of his readers in each wise very hardy in standing the winter. State have the goodness to give the price of that JOHN MYCROFT, PETER HATMAN, article, of different qualities, with any remarks THOMAS LEWIS, SAMUEL REGESTER, having a bearing on the interests and prospects EDMUND EVANS, Į VALENTINE LUTZ. Plums and Cherries-Advantage of Silk Waistcoats-New and valuable Discovery---Cultivation of Tomatoes---Trotting ---Editorial Correspondence, extract of a letter dated Dover, (Del.) August 7th, 1824---Extract of a letter dated Savannah, (Geo.) August 4th --Communication---Tobacco Report Editor's remarks---Prices Current---Advertisements, &e. No. 24-VOL. 6. ON A VISIT TO SARATOGA,-NO. IV. 185 AMERICAN FARMER.-BALTIMORE, SEPTEMBER 3, 1824. OBSERVATIONS OF A CORRESPONDENT, miles passes you over a handsome undulating and ed by a company of citizens of the Village, is 60 improveable farming country, when you begin feet front and three stories high, with very exDated, Saratoga Springs, 6th Aug. 1824. seriously to climb the "steep ascent," step by tensive accommodations and a piazza that affords In my last I gave you a brief sketch of the ori-step, having been first refreshed at the foot of it, an agreeable promenade in all weathers. Açgin, rise, progress, condition, and great publick some by a drop of the "blue ruin," and others cording to the design of the company who own utility, of the MILITARY ACADEMY at West- by paying THREE CENTS FOR A SIGHT AT A it, this building is only the north wing of a grand Point. I did so in the hope that your readers BEAR," which you do the more cheerfully, since establishment, intended to be 180 feet front. It might be gratified with a nearer view of an Insti- you meet with him under perfect subjection, is at present badly kept, by a man either ignotution, supported by the nation, at considerable where you might expect to encounter him in a rant of, or above his business, the too common expense; and the more especially if they took contest for the mastery of his native haunts, that fault of American inn-keepers, who forget the into consideration, as there intimated, its practi-you are just going to penetrate. The road winds, nature and duties of their adopted station, and cal bearing upon the agricultural interest; by as the ground admits, along the side of the moun- the truth of the maxim, that "keep thy shop and sending throughout the country, every year, a tain, in serpentine form, through vines and forest thy shop will keep thee." number of highly accomplished civil Engineers, trees, of great variety and beauty, admitting no We returned the same afternoon to the Village, whose talents may be put in requisition, to ascer-where of a view of the Hudson Valley below you, and embarked the next morning at 10 o'clock on tain the practicability, the route, and probable ex- until it suddenly breaks upon you in all its wide board a third boat, the Richmond, by which we pense of ROADS AND CANALS, by means of which spread magnificence from the front of the hotel on reached Albany at 3 o'clock, P. M. The stagethe products of the most distant points, are made the summit of the mountain, where a flat table rock fare from the Village to the top of the mountain virtually to approximate the best markets; at the about 200 yards square, has been spread out by the and back is two dollars. "And dizzy 'tis to cast one's eyes so low! Marcian Colonna 12 | Rhinebeck, 4 Livingston Manor, 11 Catskill, 8 | Hudson, 5 Kenderhook, 16 20 4 5 13 4 Baltimore, 3 6 Albany, 10 2 9 Total, 148 same time that they serve as links of great chains hand of nature, as it were for the very purpose of The following are the names and distances of to bind the States in union, indissoluble. The supporting an observatory, whence the eye takes Villages in sight on the river between New-York recent addition to the studies of this Institution, in at a glancea portion of five States. The margin and Albany-a list of them may be interesting of Mineralogy and Chemistry, as applicable to the of the rock immediately in front of the Tavern to the traveller:useful arts, will diffuse amongst us a mass of in- overjets the ground for some hundred feet below formation on these subjects too, which cannot fail it. The view from this precipice, to those who King's-bridge, to be highly beneficial to the cause of agriculture. venture to approach the brink of it, reminds one Philipsburgh, The minerals turned up by the plough, or found of Shakspeare's description of the Cliffs of DoverFarry-town, in the course of turnpike roads and canals, may Croton, "How fearful be analyzed, and their value ascertained; soils Verplank, may be examined, and their constituent parts bePeckskill-landing, ing known, these may be combined in such proFort-Montgomery, portions as may best conduce to the sustenance And the site of the "Catskill-house" itself West-Point, of the crops to be cultivated; in short, not only corresponds yet more exactly, I might say, al- Newburgh, agriculture, but all the useful arts, will be bene-most to a fraction, with that of the Convent of Poughkeepsie, fitted by the agency of the science which this Laverna, as described by Barry Cornwall, in his Arriving at Albany on the Saturday preceding establishment will spread over the face of the Union, and which cannot be acquired so thoroughthe extraordinary session of the legislature, we found the town crammed full, even to overflowing; ly and in the same degree at any other place.so great was the concourse of legislators, editors Let those, then, who would grudge the pittance of newspapers, politicians of all grades and facthey contribute to the support of a school which tions, and strangers of every State and country; most people suppose to be sheerly military, be that it was difficult to find a resting place, even contented with the reflection, that besides rearfor a single night. If the occasion for calling the ing for our army accomplished gentlemen, verslegislature was extraordinary, the excitement ed in the laws of nations and the constitution of produced by it was no less so. Did you speak to their country; accustomed to subordination, and a citizen, or a fellow sojourner at the Tavern, of animated by high notions of honour and humaniobjects naturally presented to the mind by the loty; it will furnish a succession of thoroughly cal associations, such as the genius and ability of taught Mathematicians, Engineers, Chemists, and Mineralogists, perfectly well qualified and dispos So stands this Mountain Hotel on a bare solid tions of general utility; the unostentatious mun: CLINTON for devising publick works and institued to confer upon society the countless advanta- rock, in the gloomy recess of the darkest forest, ficence and efficient personal agency of Van Ran ges which are now resulting from the application several miles distant from any human habitation, sellear in promoting such objects; did you advert of those sciences to all the domestic and valuable at an elevation of 3000 feet above the Hudson, to the splendour of Hudson scenery, or the extent pursuits of civil life. which winds its way under your eye for 70 miles and value of the Erie Canal; you were answer "Chasms of the early world are yawning there, "Black pine, and giant beech, and oak that rear "Flashing and wandering through the dell below, I might have been excused, had I mentioned as through the cultivated Valley below!!! It would ed with an edifying commentary upon Governor a fact of some personal interest to yourself, that be utterly impossible for me to give you a just idea Yates' proclamation, a patriotic descant on the about 10 miles below West-Point, we passed" Sto- of the extent and variegated beauty of the land rights of the people, and the practical difference ney-Point," memorable in history, from its hav-scape seen from this spot. It far exceeded my between the doctrine of the "ins" and the "outs." ing been so gallantly stormed during the revolu- anticipation after all I had heard, and it may be As mere passengers going to worship Hygiea, tion by a detachment from the American army, doubted whether any country can boast of one so and not expecting to find that Goddess in the heat. commanded by Gen. Wayne. I need not remind vast in extent, together with such a combination ed atmosphere of a city where the political meryou that your uncle, Capt. afterwards Col. John of bold and beautiful features; from the loftiest cury stood at blood heat, and the physical atmosStuard, or Jack Stuard, as he was familiarly called, specimens of rude sublimity, to the softest scenes phere not much below it, we lost no time in setand after whom you take, I suppose, the name of of civilization, and the most splendid exhibitions ting out for this place, stopping for the night at John Stuard; participated actively in the dangers of art; for where in all her works does art exhi- TROY, a flourishing "CITY," containing upwards of that brilliant achievement, in consideration bit any thing more majestic and impressive than of 6,000 inhabitants. The next morning we purwhereof, and of other services, Gen. Washington the sight which you enjoy from the portico of this sued leisurely the line of the Canal, by Cohoes delivered to his representatives after his death, an mansion in the clouds, of numerous steam-boats Falls and the Aqueduct, before we turned to the honorary medal, which had been struck for your wending their rapid way in defiance of winds and right for Saratoga. The Cohoes, or Falls of the uncle by order of Congress, with emblematic de-tides, and carrying on their bosom thousands of Mohawk, would, of itself, be regarded as an obvices; one of which represented him with bare all ages, climes and sexes, with views and pur-ject worthy of a visit by all travellers, and would feet as he actually entered the fort. suits as various as the vocations of human life? excite grea er admiration were it not involunta Leaving West-Point at 5, P. M. we landed at The "Catskill-Falls" about two miles distant rily compared in the mind with the yet more midnight, at Catskill Village; and, at our leisure, from the Tavern, are well worth seeing, not for voluminous and splendid cataract of Niagara.— after breakfast, the next day, in a fine "Spring-the volume of water, which is inconsiderable, but Nature appears to have thrown this miniature seat" coach, and over an excellent turnpike, we for the depth to which it tumbles, and the wild work in the way of the traveller, as if to give set out for the top of the mountain, 13 miles dis- and romantic dell through which it makes its way him a foretaste and tempt him on to the contemtant from the Village, in company with the four as if to regions of unfathomable darkness. plation, of her chef d'œuvre at the termination of English gentlemen, before mentioned, who are Rely on it you should never pass without call-the Great Canal. making a tour of our country, Mr. and Mrs. H. ing to enjoy the splendid prospect from the lofty This idea will appear the less fanciful by a comand Mr. and Mrs. S. of your city. The first ten Catsberg or Catskill Mountain. The house, erect-parison of the two objects:— VOL. 6 -24. 186 The sheet of water which makes Cohoes Falls very comprehensive and well arranged statistical correct idea might be formed of the prevailing is 1000 feet wide, and falls in perpendicular height account of the State, by Mr. Goodenow, to whom mildness of the climate from the fact, that while the publick at large, and the citizens of that State orange trees of 20 years standing were killed in 40 feet. The Niagara Falls on the Canada side, is 1800 especially, are much indebted for the collection New Orleans, Pensacola, and Georgia in the sefeet wide, and that on the American side 900, and lucid exposition of so many valuable facts to vere frost of February, 1823, the groves of St. the perpendicular fall of which is 160 feet, about illustrate its rapid growth and immense resour-Augustine and on St. Johns only lost their leaves and produced fruit the same year. the height of your Washington Monument in ces. Howard's Park. The view of the Canal from Albany to the Aqueduct, is highly satisfactory; for, after all that you may have read, you feel that you have never thoroughly understood the structure of the locks until you have seen them. Within the space to the chain cable of a 74. [We must defer these extracts to our next.] AGRICULTURE. EAST FLORIDA-A condensed view of its climate, tions. With respect to our diseases, the remitting fever may be considered as the principal cause of the mortality in the N. E. section of Florida.The month of May is generally dry and pleasant, with cool and refreshing sea breezes, occasionally interrupted, however, by S. W. and N. W. winds. In June the rainy season is expected to commence, mentioned there are nine locks at one point; and and so continue until July, during which time the at the sight of an Aqueduct of 1100 feet, in which [For the following interesting sketch of East S. W. winds, which may be considered the most boats cross the Mohawk at right angles above it, you are at once sensibly impressed with the vast Florida we are indebted to Mons. Achille Murat, insalubrious wind that blows in this section of the ness of the great work, whereof this is but a sin- a worthy nephew of Napoleon the Great, who country, prevails for 16 hours out of 24. A long gle feature, in the proportion that one link bears has pitched his tent as a farmer in the territory continuance of this wind causes almost every described. This report, condensed as it is, pre-thing which comes within its influence to become Seeing that "INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS" con- sents in a clear view the most important features mouldy, which is a strong evidence of its noxious stitute one of the topicks to which your Journal of a great portion of the country so happily ac-quality. In July the sun having more power by is devoted, I shall be justified in giving here a quired by Mr. Adams' treaty with Spain-to reason of fewer clouds and less rain than in the short statement of the rise, progress, cost, bene-wit: its climate, extent, soil and natural produc-preceding month, it necessarily follows that the fits, revenue, &c. of these Canals, and the more tions; and we trust it will prove amusing and ac- process of evaporation is expedited, which if the especially as it may serve to rekindle the flicker-ceptable to all our readers, whether their rela-wind continue from that quarter cannot but prove ing zeal which, for a short season, seemed to ani- tion to, or concern in the subject of it, be proxi- highly prejudicial to health. This occurs, however, in extraordinary seasons, and even when mate the once enterprising citizens of Baltimore. mate or remote. The report closes with some political reflec- these do occur, seldom prove fatal except to those It is but 14 years since commissioners were first appointed to explore the grounds between tions, in which it is affirmed, that the growth and who are much exposed to the meridian sun, and Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the tide waters of prosperity of the territory is retarded by the mal-those who indulge to excess in animal food and the Hudson. In 1812 they reported the practica-administration of the general government. But ardent spirits. We conclude, therefore, that in bility of connecting these waters by canals, and as these reflections are for the most part of a ordinary seasons when the sea breezes prevail, estimated the expense at from 5 to $6,000,000. general and sweeping character, as we know not we have little to fear from fevers, if prudence Application for aid was made to the general go- the justice of such as are more specific; and as, and precaution are observed. With regard to vernment, I believe, by Governor Clinton, in per- above all, we are determined not to permit any winter diseases, they are mild and seldom prove son, with the authority of the State, but they political discussions to find their way into this fatal, unless the constitution be worn down by old declined all assistance. In 1817 the legislature Journal, we have omitted all observations of the age or intemperance. of the State, influenced by the lucid and pro-nature described. And this we have done with found views of the subject, presented in a memo- the concurrence and at the suggestion of our esrial drawn by him, were prevailed upon to create teemed correspondent before mentioned.] · "THE CANAL FUND," and accordingly in that year, on the Anniversary of our Independence, the ground was first broken for this great workan act sufficiently pregnant with important results, to make, of itself, an epoch in the history of the growth and power of this Republick. So rapidly has this undertaking progressed, that on the 16th of November last, arrived at New-York the first vessel or boat that ever reached that port through the Erie canal. This was the schooner "Mary and Hannah, of Factory Falls" in the town of Hector, Tompkins county, situate on the In taking a view of the agricultural capacities south-eastern extremity of the beautiful Seneca lake, near 40 miles south of Geneva, within about and prospects of the country, its climate and the 28 miles of the Pennsylvania line, and by the character of its different soils will first claim atcourse of the lake, Seneca out-let, Erie canal, and tention. East Florida, to which this report has exclusive Hudson's river, 420 miles from New-York. She East Florida, if considered as bounded on the was owned by two enterprising farmers, one of reference, is properly divisible into two climates, whom built her himself with the timber of their tropical and temperate; the demarkation being west by the river Apalachicola, comprises an own lands, and also rigged her from their own pretty accurately defined by the parallel of lati-arena of about 30 millions of acres of land and manufactures, including the greater part of the tude 29 degrees, the southern division or penin-water, and deducting therefrom 1-3d for water, iron work, blocks, cordage, &c. He navigated her sula being seldom pervaded by the cold N. W. leaves 20 millions of acres of land of various deThe largest class of these consists of to N. York himself as master, with his partner as winds, (so common to the southern states,) from scriptions. supercargo-thus exhibiting a most noble example the influence and warmth of the surrounding gulf. pine lands of various descriptions-the next diof the character of a practical agriculturist, me- In this region frost is of rare occurrence, and then vision of high and low hammock-the third of chanick, ship-builder, mariner, and merchant, in a slight degree, and with this exception the swamps, and the fourth of savannas and fresh united in the person of one of the ingenious and climate is similar to that of the West Indies.* marshes along the margins of the rivers. enterprising citizens of this State. The schooner In that part of Florida laying north of the debears the names of the wives of the two owners, markation referred to, frost occurs annually in and brought a cargo (much of it from their own January and February, but seldom continues more farms) consisting of 800 bushels of wheat, 3 tons than three days with intermissions of a week or of butter, 4 barrels of beans, some fresh salmon, a fortnight; it sometimes occurs earlier and later. and other products of the fruitful soil, waters, and but the instances are rare. The climate is geneforests of the west. ED. AM. FAR. [FROM THE ST. AUGUSTINE'S PAPER, OF JULY 3.] Before entering upon the interesting subject of the soils of the territory, we would observe that a mistake has hitherto prevailed respecting the geological character of Florida, it having been considered by Cleveland and others as consisting of alluvial deposit; while, by the recent investigations of Mr. Pearce, whose contributions to The Committee of the Agricultural Society to geological science are sufficient evidences of his whom was assigned the duty of reporting upon competency to decide upon the subject; it ap the agricultural capabilities and prospects of the pears that the general basis of the country is of secondary limestone; a fact of much importance, territory, beg leave to submit the following sumboth as regards agriculture and other sources of mary which contains all the information they are enabled to collect for the present upon the prosperity, for in a region of this formation not only may a productive surface be expected, but subjects referred to them :beds of minerals and metals may also be supposed to exist; of these indeed there are sufficient indications in the numerous mineral springs, sulphur and chalybeate, which are found in different parts of the country. Those Of the pine lands the soil is composed chiefly of silicious sand, with some admixture of yegetable mould resting either on marl or clay. of the best quality are characterised by the occurrence of red oak and hickory intermixed with the prevailing growth of pine, and with an excelrally characterised by a great equability of tem-lent pasturage of natural grass below. I persuade myself that your readers will be perature maximum of summer heat 92° in the gratified with the condensed view of these great shade and the greatest change 8° in 24 hours. A works, their origin, course, rise and fall, distan The next description which prevails to a great extent is characterised by a growth of the long and short leaved pine, with an undergrowth of * Among the plants common to both are the man- the grasses, whortleberries, gall berries and other çes, cost, revenue, and advantages, which is pre- shrubbery, and near the sea by the saw palmetto, Another description of these lands has the sur-the pine lands have been preferred. The staplejral persons are now devoting their attention to its face thinly clad with pine, scrub oak and grass, is fine, and in value it rivals the best Georgia sea propagation in this country. In Europe the olive with occasional patches of sand exposed. There island. Uplands of 200 lbs. have been produced is ranked next to bread as an article of necessity, are also some districts called scrubs, very poor, to the acre, but with the usual casualities the and its value cannot be too highly appreciated, covered with a growth of dwarf oak, myrtle, average is 150 lbs. The casualities attending this where we have such extensive districts adapted prickly pear, &c. culture are the catterpillar, red bug, and occa- to its cultivation. The first and second qualities of pine land have sional extreme in drought or gales. The catter- The Palma Christi, or castor oil nut tree, or been found to be very productive, bringing in pillar, has but rarely appeared and the injury shrub, rises to 12 feet. Many fields of it are planteven the sugar cane, and affording good pasturage from them has been partial. The red bug is most ed, but we cannot arrive at a correct estimate of all the year round, the tops of the grass only be- troublesome in the peninsula and is destroyed by its produce until the end of the year. It is geneing killed by the frost. It is believed that by the hand picking. By the practice of rattooning a rally rated at 25 bushels of seed to the acre and suppression of the practice of burning which has portion of the crop, the Florida Planter is ena- two gallons of oil to the bushel. hitherto been so prevalent in aid of hunting and bled to effect a considerable saving of labour. Sugar cane was cultivated by the British colograzing, both the timber and soil throughout the Rice, since the time of the British coloniel go- nists, but was neglected under the paralyzing politerritory would be improved. vernment, has not been cultivated, excepting in cy of the Spanish government. Since the transHigh hammock lands are those whose compa-small fields, on the margin of the swamps and sa-fer of the country to the American Government, rative elevation, prevents the accumulation of wa- vannas. the cultivation has been re-assumed with the ter; of this denomination we have the white, The cultivation of Indigo has also been sus-Otaheite and other seed by various planters from grey, yellow, and brown hammock. All of these pended, although the Florida Indigo has borne a St. Mary's to Volusia, on the St. Johns. Their produce the live oak, bay and laurel, intermix-higher character in the European market than efforts have hitherto been confined to the propaed with the hickory, mulberry and bittersweet that of the other British Colonies. gation of the seed, and we must wait for the exorange. The brown coloured soil has been es- Amongst the timber trees of Florida may be piration of the season to ascertain the practical teemed the most rich and lasting, and the white mentioned the Live Oak, Cedar, Cypress, Yel-results of the experiments now going on. The the least so; but generally the high hammocks low, Pitch and Loblolly Pine, Hickory, Ash, Elm, quality of the juice as ascertained by its specific are of a warm and productive quality, being en- Red, White and Loblolly Bay, Red, White, Span-gravity, was at Pablo creek on the 1st November riched by vegetable and calcarious matter and ish and Black Oak, Mulberry, Cherry, Persimon, last 1070, and at Volusia, on the 20th December clay combined with sand. These lands are the Wahoo, Tupelo, Sweet and Black Gum, Magno- 1078, thermometer sixty degrees; a degree or most inviting to the farmer, as the cultivation of lia, Iron Wood, Palmetto, and Juniper; the four strength quite sufficient to warrant the belief that them at the outset, is attended with less expense first of which are in high estimation and much sugar will become one of our most important staand affords more immediate returns, than the used for naval purposes, and the Palmetto is pre-ples. As our lands lie further south than those of heavier timbered and moister soils. They exist ferred, for the construction of wharves, it being the Mississippi, and our climate is much drier in large bodies about Tallahasse, Suwaney, Ala-proof against the attack of the worm. Its growth than that of Louisiana the sugar of Florida is cha and Amasura, and in smaller bodies in the vi- is an indication of good land, as it always grows likely to surpass, in quality that of any other of cinity of the water courses generally. upon marl. the southern states. Low hammock is more accessible to water, and is The sweet orange tree rises 36 feet and spreads The vine flourishes well, and the bull grape or characterised by a growth of every description of 30. Its highest produce is 6000 oranges, this bullisis, indicated by Bartram as more eligible for the oak, together with the cedar, ash, sour orange quantity having been gathere from one tree on cultivation than any we could import, is indigeand palmetto. The soil is more heavily charged the St. Johns: its longevity is traced to 116 years. nous to the country. than the high hammock, with vegetable matter, In Florida the obscurity of our annals prevent its The Bene or Sessamum Indicum, which affords marl and clay, and in most places is bottomed by duration being further traced: in France there an oil superior to that of the olive, grows with us one or the other of these strata. This soil is moist are trees ascertained to be of five centuries stand-in great luxuriance, and also the arrow root. To but not sobbed and does not require to be hardening. This tree begins to bear in seven years from these add bees wax, deer skins, tar and naval ed by draining like swamp land; but in many in the seed, and every successive year its produce is stores, turtle and oil, which are already among stances slight draining would be required. This increased until the period of 18 years, when it our articles of export, while silk, Spanish tobacclass of hammock is more productive and dura-may be said to attain its full maturity. There co, ginger, spices, and a variety of drugs, might ble than high hammock, and is peculiarly conge are no complete orange groves in the territory, be readily introduced, and added to the list of our nial to the sugar-cane. It occurs generally in the but many are establishing on a large scale. The productions. neigbourhood of swamps and water courses. apportionment of 100 trees to the acre, is consid- Of the articles of domestic consumption the Swamp lands properly so called under the sev-ered as the best rule to be followed in setting out variety is scarcely less extensive. eral distinctions of tide, river, and inland swamps, a grove. Indian corn may be said not to have succeeded form the least extended class of our soils. The The lemon lime, bergamot, citron, and shad- so well as in more northern climates; the plansoil is generally saturated with water and boggy, dock trees, are more sensible of cold than the ters of this country have long been in the use of and consists of animal and vegetable excrement, orange, and in the northern situations require a small grained flint corn with a large cob and intermixed with clay or calcareous matter, some more attention to aspect than the peninsula. spreading foilage; a change of seed would untimes resting upon sand, that again upon marl. The bitter sweet orange tree is indigenous, and doubtedly produce an improvement in the crops These lands require to be drained to the bottom. abounds in many parts of the territory. This of this grain. They occur at the sources and along the borders fruit is not surpassed if equalled by any of the The sweet potato, has been cultivated in a vaof our rivers and creeks, and not unfrequently ad-orange tribe. It is pleasant, wholesome and nu- riety of soils, and its mesne produce may be estijacent to the low hammock. tritive, and hangs on the tree in perfect preserva- mated at 250 bushels to the acre; in size and flaThe savannas or prairies are uniformly flat, tion nearly a year after attaining maturity. vour it is no way inferior to those produced further bearing but few trees with a dense growth of long The sour orange tree, is also indigenous, and north. leaved grass. Lying a little below the general abundant in the territory; and being of a hardy The comptee, a farrinaceous root analogous to level in rainy seasons they are subject to the depth nature, is frequently raised near the sea coast as the arrow root, yields a nutricious meal in greater of a few inches. The soils of the great Alachua a protection for the sweet orange groves against abundance than the latter, and grows wild to the savanna and those of Okliwaha and Dunn's lake, gales of wind. The juice has always been an ar-south of St. Augustine. This, together with a are composed of sand and vegetable mould and ticle of export, and the peel might also be made species of native potatoes and turnips, are much bottomed on clay, and at Matanzas on marl. We an article of commerce in this country as in Eu-used by the negroes and Indians. have no notes of the soil of the other savannas, rope. The Banana has brought its fruit to perfection which abound in all the vallies of the territory; The olive tree like the orange, rises 36 feet and on the plantation of Gen. Hernandez, at Matanzas, but from their similarity of situation we infer a ramifies to about the same extent. Its quantity 18 miles to the south of Augustine, during the resemblance in other respects, with the savannas of produce we can only ascertain from the yield last year, and the pine apple has been raised in enumerated. They are fertile, and many of them of the trees in France, where it produces from 13 St. Augustine with the assistance of walls in the susceptible of being drained by the mere removal to 15 bushels. The olive trees in the country are open air. Some specimens of the date palm are of the vegetable obstructions which back the wa-few in number, and have been neglected during growing on St. Johns and near St. Augustine, and ter upon them while others lying in the neigh-the time of the Spanish government. A few at the whole of this extensive and valuable family bourhood of water courses, could be easily drain-Mosquito are surrounded by a rival growth of of trees would undoubtly flourish in Florida. ed into the latter. other native trees, and maintain their position To these may be added, the orchard trees of Amongst the productions of the territory, the without having degenerated. This tree bear the United States, and the productions of the black seed or sea island land cotton holds the first fruit in seven years from the slip and in growth kitchen and flower garden, all of which flourish rank. For this culture the little hammocks and and longevity it resembles the orange tree. Seve-here in a congenial soil. |