1559. learning to confirm that zeal. On which account we find the AN. Reg. 1, Queen's Professor in Oxford to pass amongst the Nonconformists, though somewhat more moderate than the rest; and Cartwright, the Lady Margaret's in Cambridge, to prove an unextinguished firebrand to the Church of England2; Whittingham3, the chief ringleader of the Franckfort schismatics, preferred unto the Deanery of Durham, from thence encouraging Knox and Goodman in setting up Presbytery and sedition in the Kirk of Scotland; Sampson advanced unto the Deanery of Christ Church, and within few years after turned out again for an incorrigible Nonconformist4; Hardiman, one of the first twelve Prebendaries of the Church of Westminster, deprived soon after for throwing down the altar, and defacing the vest6 ments of the Church. Which things I only touch at now, 8 leaving the further prosecution of them to another place. with the 24. Of all these traverses the Pope received advertise- Transactions ment, from the first to the last. But, being of a rugged Pope. humour, he fell most infinitely short of that dexterity which the case required for finding out a fit expedient to prevent the rupture. When his first sullen fits had left him, he began to treat more seriously with the English Agent; not that the Queen should sue unto him for the Crown, which she was possessed of, but that no alteration of religion might be driven at by her. To which Karn answered according to such instructions as he had received, That he could give him no assurance in that point, unless the Pope would first declare, 471. 1 Laurence Humphrey, Professor from 1560 to 1589. Le Neve, Fasti, "Edd. "Whittington." He was Dean of Durham from 1563 to 1579. Le Neve, 351. 6 Wood gives the following account of this person :-" He ran with the mutable times of King Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Queen Mary, and, being in shew a zealous Protestant in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth, was by her made the first canon of the second stall in the collegiate church of Westminster, in the year 1560. About which time, being well known among the puritanical party (who began to shew themselves betimes), he was made their instrument to break down the altars, and to deface the ancient utensils and ornaments of the church of Westminster. For which, upon complaint, he was deprived by the Queen's Commissioners for causes ecclesiastical, in 1567. Fasti, Oxon. i. 110. 1559. AN.REG. 1, that the marriage of King Henry with Queen Anne Bollen had been good and lawful. Which cross request so stumbled both the Pope and the Conclave, that they made choice rather of doing nothing than to do that of which they could not promise to themselves any fortunate issue. Roused at the last by the continual alarms which came from England, he entertains some secret practices with the French, and on the sudden signifies his commands to Karn that he should not depart out of Rome without his leave, and that in the mean time he should take upon him the government of the English hospital in the city'. In which command each of them is affirmed to have had his own proper ends: for Karn affected that restraint, which he was thought to have procured under hand because he had no mind to return into England, where he was like to find a different religion from that which he embraced in his own particular. And the Pope had his own ends also, in hindering, as he thought, the discovering of that secret intelligence which he maintained with the French King, to the Queen's destruction, if his designs had took effect. But his design was carried with so little cunning that presently it discovered itself, without the help of a revelation from the English Agent. For-whether it were by his instigation, or by the solicitation of the French King, or the ambition of the Daulphin, who had then married the Queen of Scots, (as before was said)-the Queen of Scots assumes unto herself the style and title of the Queen of England, quartereth the arms thereof upon all her plate, and in all armories and escutcheons, as she had occasion. And this she did as cousin and next heir to the Queen deceased; which could not be without imputing bastardy to the Queen then living. A folly which occasioned such displeasure in the heart of Elizabeth, that it could neither be forgotten, nor so much as forgiven, till that unfortunate lady was driven out of her kingdom, hunted into a close imprisonment, and finally brought out to the fatal block2. The Queen's Injunctions. 25. This, as it somewhat startled the new Queen of England, so it engaged her the more resolutely in that Reformation which was so happily begun. And to that end she sets out, by advice of her Council, a certain body of Injunctions3, the same in purpose and effect with those which had been published 1 Camd. 373. 3 Wilkins, iv. 182-9. 2 lb. 378-9. 1559. in the first of King Edward1, but more accommodated to the AN. REG. 1, temper of the present time. Nothing more singular in the same than the severe course taken about ministers' marriages, the use of singing, and the reverences in divine worship to be kept in Church, the posture of the Communion table, and the form of bidding prayers in the congregation. This last almost the same verbatim with that which is prescribed, Can. 55, anno 1603, and therefore not so necessary to be here repeated. The first worn long since out of use, and not much observed neither when it first came out; as if it had been published in the way of caution, to make the clergymen more wary in the choice of their wives, than with a purpose of pursuing it to an execution2. But as for that concerning the use of singing, and the accustomed reverences to be kept in churches, they are these that follow.-Touching the last it is enjoined, "That whensoever the name of Jesus should be in any lesson, sermon, or otherwise, in the Church pronounced, that due reverence be made of all persons, young and old, with lowliness of courtesy, and uncovering of the heads of the men kind, as 7 thereunto did necessarily belong, and heretofore hath been ) accustomed." For the encouragement of the art, and the continuance of the use of singing in the Church of England, it was thus enjoined, that is to say, "That because in divers Collegiate, as also in some Parish-churches, heretofore there hath been livings appointed for the maintenance of men and children for singing in the Church, by means whereof, the laudable exercise3 of Music hath been had in estimation, and preserved in knowledge; the Queen's Majesty, neither meaning in any wise the decay of anything that might conveniently tend 1 Sup. i. 70-74. "Inj. xxix., after declaring that the marriage of clergy is not forbidden by the word of God, or by the example of the primitive Church, states that evils had arisen through "lack of discreet and sober behaviour in many ministers of the Church, both in choosing of their wives, and indiscreet living with them," and orders that no priest or deacon shall marry without the sanction of the bishop and of two justices of the peace, together with the goodwill of the woman's nearest kinsfolks, "or, for lack of knowledge of such, of her master or mistress where she serveth." The marriages of bishops were to be sanctioned by the metropolitan, and by the Queen's Commissioners; those of deans and masters of colleges, by their respective Visitors. Comp. Rishton in Sanders, 299–301. 3 "service." AN. REG. 1, 1559. to the use and continuance of the said science, neither to have the same so abused in any part of the Church', that thereby the Common Prayer should be the worse understood by the hearers, willeth and commandeth, that first no alterations be made of such assignments of livings as heretofore hath been appointed to the use of singing or music in the Church, but that the same so remain: and that there be a modest and distinct song so used in all parts of the Common Prayers in the Church, that the same may be as plainly understood as if it were read without singing. And yet nevertheless, for the comforting of such as delight in music, it may be permitted, that in the beginning or in the end of Common Prayer, either at morning or evening, there may be sung an hymn or such like song to the praise of Almighty God, in the best melody and music that may be conveniently devised, having respect that the sentence of the hymn may be understood and perceived." According to which order, as plain song was retained in most Parish-churches for the daily Psalms, so in her own Chapels, and in the quire of all Cathedrals and some Colleges, the hymns were sung after a more melodious manner, with organs commonly, and sometimes with other musical instruments, as the solemnity required. No mention here of singing David's Psalms in metre, though afterwards they first thrust out the hymns which are herein mentioned, and by degrees also did they the Te Deum, the Magnificat, and the Nunc Dimittis 2. 26. Concerning the position of the holy table it was ordered thus, viz. "That no altar should be taken down, but by oversight of the curate of the Church, or the church-wardens, or one of them at the least, wherein no riotous or disordered manner was to be used; and that the holy table in every Church be decently made, and set in the place where the altar stood, and there commonly covered as thereto belongeth, and as should be appointed by the visitors, and so to stand, saving when the Communion of the Sacrament is to be administered; at which time the same shall be so placed in good sort within the quire or chancel, as whereby the minister may be more conveniently heard of the communicants in his prayer and minis 1559. tration, and the communicants also more conveniently and AN. REG. 1, in more number communicate with the said minister. And after the Communion done, from time to time, the said holy table to be placed where it stood before." Which permission of removing the table at Communion times, "is not so to be understood," (as the most excellent King Charles declared in the case of St Gregory's) "as if it were ever left to the discretion of the parish, much less to the particular fancy of any humorous person; but to the judgment of the ordinary, to whose place and function it doth properly belong to give direction in that point, both for the thing itself, or for the time when, and how long, as he may find cause1.” Royal Com 27. By these Injunctions she made way to her visita- Visitation by tion, executed by commissioners in their several circuits, and missioners. regulated by a book of articles printed and published for that purpose2. Proceeding by which articles, the commissioners removed all carved images out of the Church which had been formerly abused to superstition, defacing also all such pictures, paintings, and other monuments as served for the setting forth of feigned miracles; and this they did without any tumult and disorder, and without laying any sacrilegious and ravenous hands on any of the Church's plate, or other utensils which had 18 been repaired and re-provided in the late Queen's time. They 90 inquired also into the life and doctrine of ministers, their diligence in attending their several cures, the decency of their apparel, the respect of the parishioners towards them, the reverent behaviour of all manner of persons in God's public worship. Inquiry was also made into all sorts of crimes,-haunting of taverns by the clergy, adultery, fornication, drunkenness, amongst those of the laity, with many other things since practised in the visitations of particular Bishops; by means whereof the Church was settled and confirmed in so good an order, that the work was made more easy to the Bishops, when they came to govern, than otherwise it would have been. But more particularly in 1 Rushworth, Hist. Collections, ii. 207. Wilkins, iv. 483. This judgment was given in the case of St Gregory by St Paul's, London, A. D. 1633, immediately after the elevation of Laud to the primacy. Heylyn retained a particular interest in such questions from his controversy with Archbishop Williams. 2 Wilkins, iv. 189–191. |