165. onere, following vacuus (§ 243; G. 405; H. 414, iii.).

166. inani, an empty one.

168. quo prius ordine, in the direction in which (they ran) before (§ 200, b; G. 616; H. 445, 9).

170. si sciat: the present subjunctive of future condition, where one would expect the imperfect of the condition contrary to fact (§ 308, e; G. 596, R.1; H. 509, N.2).

171. triones, the North (lit. the Ox-team, i.e. the Great Bear).

172. vetito aequore: the Northern Bear in these latitudes never goes below the horizon.

173. Serpens, the constellation called Draco (the Dragon), near the north pole, at the feet of Hercules (Anguis, v. 138).

176. Boöte: Boötes is represented as a wagoner: the constellation includes the bright star Arcturus.

179. penitus penitusque, far, far below.

181. tenebrae, i.e. from dizziness.

182. mallet, i.e. if it were possible; hence the imperfect.

183. valuisse, to have prevailed.

184. Meropis, sc. filius; Merops was the husband of Clymene. —ut, as. 185. pinus, ship. — remisit frena, cast loose the rein, i.e. let go the helm.

187. quid faciat, what is he to do? a rhetorical question (§ 268; G. 265; H. 484, v.).

189. fatum non est, it is not (given by) fate.

196. flexis utrimque, bending both ways (agreeing with both cauda and lacertis).

197. signorum duorum: the Scorpion is represented as at first occupying the space of two "signs" of the Zodiac, until Libra was inserted where the claws had been.

198. madidum, moist, as the venom oozes out on account of the heat.ut, when.

199. curvata cuspide, the curved sting (" spear-head") of the scor: pion's tail.

202. exspatiantur, wander from the track (ex-spatium).

204. hac, correl. to qua, sc. viā.

206. summa, the height.

207. spatio, in a region; loc. abl. without in, as often in poetry. — terrae, dative.

208. inferius suis (abl. with the comparative), lower than her own. - fraternos fratris. — Luna, sister of the sun: poetically, Diana,

=

sister of Apollo.

210. ut quaeque altissima, each in the order of its height, as he comes nearer and nearer.

211. agit rimas, gets cracks; agere is frequently used by Ovid in this sense. sucis ademptis, abl. abs.

213. materiam, fuel.· suo damno, for its own destruction.

214. parva, small (calamities).

217–225. Athos, etc. This catalogue of mountains, ranging the whole field of mythical geography, may be verified in any good dictionary or atlas. 230. ore trahit, breathes in.

238. passis (pando), dishevelled, as in mourning.-fontesque lacusque; acc., objects of deflevere.

239. deflevere, wept as lost. - Dircen: Dirce was a spring near Thebes in Boeotia; Amymone, a fountain and river in Argolis near Argos; Pirene, a spring near Corinth.

240. Ephyre, the old name of Corinth.

241. sortita, having obtained by lot, here simply possessing; it governs ripas.loco distantes, remote in space.

242. Tanais, the Don.

243. Peneos, a river of Thessaly, which flows through the valley of Tempe. - senex: the river gods are represented as old men; see Fig. 60 (the Tiber). — Caicus, in Teuthrania, a part of Mysia.

244. Ismenos, near Thebes, in Bœotia. — Erymanthus, near Phegia, in Arcadia.

245. Xanthus, one of the rivers of Troy. At a later time it was set on fire by Vulcan, to stay the attack of Achilles (Homer, Iliad, xxi. 342– 389), hence arsurum iterum. - Lycormas, in Ætolia.

246. Meandros, in Phrygia; a very crooked river, hence our word meander.

247. Melas, in Thrace, where the Mygdones lived before they migrated to Phrygia. — Taenarius: Tænarus is the southern promontory of Laconia, through which country the Eurotas flows.

248. Euphrates, in Mesopotamia. — Orontes, in Syria.

249. Thermōdon, in Pontus. - Ganges, in India. - Phasis, in Colchis, flowing into the Black Sea. — Hister (or Ister), now the Danube. 250. Alpheos, in Elis. Spercheides, of Spercheos, a river of Thessaly.

251. Tagus, in Spain. Gold was found in the sand of this river. 253. volucres: the melodious swans of the Cayster in Lydia (Mæonia) are famous in ancient poetry.

255. quod adhuc latet: the problem of the source of the Nile was not solved until our own day.

257. Ismarios, from Ismarus, a mountain in Thrace.

258. Hesperios, western.

260. dissilit, yawns apart. - Tartara, Tartarus, the ancient Hell. The king and queen are Pluto and Proserpine.

262. The subject of est is (id) quod modo pontus erat. 263. quos relates to montes.

264. Cycladǎs, a Greek ending, as Delphinĕs, v. 266. — augent, i.e. by rising above the water and so becoming islands. The Cyclades are the islands grouped about Delos in the Ægean Sea.

267. summo resupina profundo, floating on their backs on the surface of the deep.

269. Dorida: see note on v. II.

272. ut... ponto, surrounded as she was by the sea.

273. fontes (in appos. with aquas), mere watersprings.

274. matris, mother earth.

277. infra quam solet, lower than her wont, i.e. crouching in distress. 279. si placet hoc, sc. tibi, if this is thy pleasure. — quid, why?

280. periturae, sc. mihi, i.e. if I must perish.

281. auctore levare, let me lighten my calamity by (the thought of) its author. It would be some consolation to perish at the hand of Jupiter. 283. tostos, scorched. — crines, i.e. the withered foliage of the forest. 285. fructus, rewards. - fertilitatis officiique, for my fertility and

services; obj. gen.

286. quod fero, that I endure (§ 333; G. 542; H. 540, iv.).

288. alimenta, in apposition to fruges.

289. vobis, i.e. to the gods.

290. fac, grant, suppose.

291. frater, sc. tuus, i.e. Neptune..

tradita sorte, granted by lot.

After the fall of Saturn, his three sons, Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, drew lots for their shares in the rule of the world. Jupiter received the heavens, Neptune the sea, and Pluto the lower regions.

293. fratris, obj. gen. limiting gratia. - mea gratia, regard for me. 294. Atlas, son of the Titan Iapetus, was condemned to support the heavens on his shoulders. (See Fig. 9.)

299. chaos, the original state of matter before the creation of earth, water, etc.

300. rerum summae, for the universe itself. The regular expression for the fate of the state or the army, or whatever highest interest is staked on an engagement.

301. neque enim, [she spoke no more] for, etc.

303. Mānibus, the shades, spirits of the dead: the infernal regions.

304. ipsum, Apollo.

306. interitura, sc. esse, depending upon

testatus.

311. ab aure: the picture is of one throwing a javelin.

312. anima ... expulit, i.e. deprived (privavit would here be the usual word) of breath and cast from the chariot.

313. expulit, sc. eum.

314. in contraria, in opposite directions. 318. vestigia, fragments, i.e. traces of the chariot now no longer existing; as vestigia urbis are the traces or remains of a ruined city.

320. longo tractu, in a long course.

322. potuit: the poets sometimes use the perfect (like the Greek aorist) instead of the present, in reference to customary events.

323. diverso orbe, a remote region of earth, i.e. towards the west.

324. Eridanus, a mythical river, the source of amber. It was often identified with the Po, sometimes with the Rhone (v. 372).

Fig. 9.

Atlas.

325. Hesperiae: see v. 142 and note. — trifidā, thrice-cleft, an epithet of the "jagged lightning," supposed to be most fatal.

326. corpora, plural for singular.

327. currūs limits aurīga, which is in appos. with Phaëthon; quem relates to currus.

328. excidit, failed; but the word (lit. fell out) alludes also to the fall from the chariot. excidere, with the abl., meaning fail is not un

common.

329. nam, i.e. it would be the father's place naturally, but he had withdrawn. - pater, the Sun.

331. isse ferunt, they say that one day passed.

333. quaecumque dicenda, the conventional words of mourning. 335. laniata sinus, tearing the bosom of her garment. sinus is the Greek acc. (§ 240, c; G. 338; H. 378).- percensuit, sought through. 336. mox, when the limbs had decayed from lapse of time.

337. tamen, i.e. though she sought long, yet she did at last find them.

340. Heliades, daughters of the Sun, sisters of Phaëthon. - morti to the dead.

341. pectora, Greek acc.

342. non auditurum, who will not hear.

343. adsternuntur, prostrate themselves.

344. junctis cornibus, joining her horns, i.e. waxing until the horns of the crescent join to form the full moon.

346. quis, abl. (§ 104, d; G. 105, N.2; H. p. 74, footnote 5).-Phaethusa, bright; Lampetie (below), flaming.

347. maxima, eldest.

349. subita, i.e. suddenly growing.

351. haec, illa, one, another.- teneri: the infinitive after doleo and similar verbs is somewhat less common than a clause with quod (§ 333, b; G. 542, R.; H. 535, iii.).

352. fieri, are turning into.

354. per gradus = gradatim, by degrees, gradually.

356. quid faciat, what is the mother to do? deliberative subj. (§ 268; G. 265; H. 484, v.). — nisi, limits eat. — trahat, the subj. by attraction depending upon eat (§ 342; G. 663, 1; H. 529, ii.).—impetus, excitement. 363. cortex... venit, the bark came upon (her mouth, and stopped) her last words.

364. sole, abl. of cause, with rigescunt.

365. electra, amber; in truth, a fossil exudation from trees.

366. gestanda: amber was a favorite material for ornaments among the Roman ladies, who carried balls of it in their hands for coolness. nuribus Latinis, daughters-in-law of Roman nobles; a term used for young matrons.

370. Ligurum, of the coast region near Genoa, Piedmont.

371. querellis, laments.

372. sororibus, sisters (of Phaëthon), now added as poplar-trees to the forest.

373. viro, dat. of reference.

374. dissimulant, cover.

375. junctura, a joining-membrane. — rubentes, turning red.

376. tenet os, holds (the place of) his mouth.

378. ut memor, as remembering (the motive for not trusting the sky). -ignis, thunderbolt.