Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions

Abbasid al-harb al-islam arms Augustine behavior bishops caliph century chap Christendom Christian church civitas terrenae claim classical juristic concept of jihad conduct conflict contemporary context Crusades dar al-harb dar al-islam debate defensive jihad defined developed distinction divine doctrine duty enemies faith fighting force fundamental further Johnson ghaza ghazi God's historical holy war idea of holy idea of jihad ideal ijtihad imam important individual Islamic community Islamic law Islamic tradition juristic tradition jus ad bellum jus in bello justified Kelsay Khadduri Lambton leader leadership levée en masse medieval military moral Muslim Muslim community non-Muslim normative tradition offensive Ottoman peace persons political community pope Prophet Qur'an rejection religio-political religious and political religious authority restraints role rule ruler Sachedina Saladin secular Shaybani Shi'ite Siyar society sphere sultan Sunni temporal territory theological theory Thirty Years War unbelievers understanding wage jihad war for religion warfare wars West Western culture