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1108. Despotism. It is as astonishing as it is melancholy to travel through a whole country, as one may through many in Europe, gasping under endless taxes, groaning under dragoons and poverty, and all to make a wanton and luxurious court, filled for the most part with the worst and vilest of all men. Good God! What hard heartedness and barbarity, to starve perhaps half a province, to make a gay garden! And yet sometimes this gross wickedness is called public spirit, because forsooth a few workmen and labourers are maintained out of the bread and blood of half a million-Gordon. Cato's Letters.

1109. Pursuit of Knowledge. He who calls in the aid of an equal understanding, doubles his own; and he who profits of a superior understanding, raises his powers to a level with the height of the superior under"standing he unites with.-Burke.

1110. Invention.-Invention is the talent of youth, and judgment of age: so that our judgment grows harder to please, when we have fewer things to offer it: this goes through the whole commerce of life. When we are old, our friends find it difficult to please us, and are less concerned whether we be pleased or not.-Swift.

1111. Anger-Anger is the most impotent passion that accompanies the mind of man; it effects nothing it goes about; and hurts the man who is possessed by it more than any other against whom it is directed.

'Clarendon.

1112. Wisdom.-I am of opinion that those who do not act right, are for that very reason neither wise nor virtuously tempered. Justice, together with every other virtue, is wisdom; for all their actions being fair and good must be preferred as such by all who are possessed of right discernment; but ignorance and folly can perform nothing fair and good, because, if attempted, it would miscarry in their hands. Whence it follows, that as whatever is just and fair, must be the result of sound wisdom; and as nothing can be fair and just where virtue is wanting; therefore justice and every other virtue is wisdom.-Socrates in Xenophon.

1113. Truth. Truth, like beauty, varies its fashions, and is best recommended by different dresses to different minds; and he that recalls the attention of mankind to any part of learning which time has left behind it, may be truly said to advance the literature of his own age.-Johnson.

1114. Decency. That is decent which is agreeable to our state, condition, or circumstances, whether it be in behaviour, discourse, or action. Watts.

1115. Life. There is nothing of which men are so fond of, and withal Bo eareless, as life.-Bruyere.

1116. Persecution for Opinion.-One other practice in society remains to be noticed, which must necessarily have an evil effect upon the spirit and conduct of investigation; namely, the practice of persecution for opinions, that eternal blot on the reputation of humanity. It might be expected, perhaps, that as rewards encourage a partial attention to evidence in favour of those doctrines for the profession of which they are bestowed, the opposite treatment, persecution, would have the effect of inducing mankind to shun the persecuted doctrines and the arguments in their favour. And it no doubt happens, that the lovers of peace and quietness, who do not greatly concern themselves about any opinions so long as their ordinary course of life is suffered to run smoothly, may be deterred by a fear of painful consequences from any attention to doctrines which can bring only danger and discredit on their votaries. But in general the effect is the reverse, and especially on the party who actually suffers in his own person. His passions are roused against his oppressors, and instead of seeking for what is true, his whole soul is bent on detecting the errors of his antagonists, and providing himself with every possible argument on his own side. He grasps not at truth, but at the means, whatever they may be, of self-defence, and at the power of annoyance. Thus punishment in fact like rewards, although in a different way, brings the mind into a state far from being favourable to impartiality of investigation-Essays on the Pursuit of Truth, &c.

1117. Conversation.—The great secret in conversation is, to admire little, to hear much; always to distrust our own reason, and sometimes that of our friends; never to pretend to wit, but to make that of others appear as much we can; to hearken to what is said, and to answer to the purpose.

1118. Cunning and Knavery.—Cunning leads to knavery; it is but a step from one to the other, and that very slippery; lying only makes the difference; add that to cunning, and it is knavery.—Bruyere.

1119. Reason. The law of Reason is founded in nature; it is universal, immutable, and eternal. It is subject to no change from any difference of place or time; it extends invariably to all ages and nations.

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1120. Kings. The least fault a king commits produces infinite mischief; for it diffuses misery through a whole people, and sometimes for many generations.-Swift's Thoughts.

1121.—Truth is in a great measure concealed from the blind.-Seneca.

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INDEX.

The figures refer to the Number of the Article, and the words in
Italics to the Authorities.

ABILITY, Speculative and Practical, Anon | Animal Existence without Consent, John-
1095

Actions, Marius, 275 Hobbes, 329
Addison, Anecdote of, Anon. 103
Adversity and Prosperity, Johnson, 181
Advice, Anon 161 and (30 Shakspeare, 814
Advocates, Feltham, 448

Affectation, Lavater, 185

Affection, Zimmerman, 579

Affections, Lord Kames, 538

Africans. Morals of, Lawrence, 794
African Interment, Cowley, 619
Age, Old, Rousseau, 52

Bulwer, 438

Cicero, 783 L'Estrange, 983 Panages,
1025 Blair, 1053

Age, Golden, The Savage, 471
Age, Middle, Dr. Blair, 478

Age, not always experienced, Rochefou-
cault, 473

Age, without Learning and Virtue, Felt-
ham, 753

Aged, Respect paid to, Drummond, 398

son, 665

Animals, Cruelty to, Dean on the Future
Life of Brutes,, 1074
Anticipations, Carpenter, 184
Antipathies, Anon, 536
Antiquary, Butler, 426

Antiquity, Attachment to, Montague 366
Apparel, Feltham, 470

Argument, Bad, of Divines, Shenstone 484
Aristocratic Feelings, Bulwer, 859
Arms, Coats of, Trusler, 1094 -
Armies, Dr. Arbuthnot, 537
Armies, Standing, Swift, 741
Arrogance, Feltham, 804
Assistance, Zimmerman, 409
Association of Ideas, Bigland, 545
Astrology, Gregory, 352
Asylums, Infant, Anon, 354
Attire, Gaudy, Zimmerman, 154
Authors and Teachers, Faults of, Anon
.1086

Alchemy, Sir W. Temple, 79 Bacon, 582 Authority Usurped, Locke, 375

Alderman, an, Butler, 546

Aliment, Moral Effect of Rousseau 1088 BALLOT, Montesquieu 57 Merlin, 875

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Bible, Parts of, not to be Read by Chil- Church, The, Lock, 390

dren, Watts, 1039

Bodily Imperfections, Feltham, 532
Bodily and Mental Exercise, Shaftesbury.
593

Bond of Honour, Montague, 712

Books, Anon 150 Colton 183 De Bury 302
Books, Big, Grainger, 386

Books, Knowledge of, Spectator, 1068
Bounty. Feltham, 431

Boy, Mrs. Grimstone, 829

Brain, Functions of, Lawrence, 347
Breeding, Good, The World, 85 Fielding,
454

Business, Men of, 318

Business and Learning, Bacon, 557
Business, Feltham, 647
Byron, Lord, 590

CALMNESS, Zimmerman, 138
Calumny Useful, Ben Jonson, 420
Calumny. Bentham, 702
Canting, 894

Caprice, Zimmerman, 477

Cards. The Savage. 756
Catholicism, W. D. 925
Catherine de Medicis, 88
Causes, Hobbes, 90

Cause, Good, Andrew Marvel, 772
Cause and Effect, Maltravers, 990
Character, Anon 23 R. Burns, 897
Character, National, Colton, 240
Character, Analysis of, 276

Character, Formation of. Godwin, 367
Character, New Moral World, 588 Wols-
toncroft, 1013

Change, Desire of, 61

Change, Dislike of. Montague, 146

Changes Necessary to Perfection, Feltham
748

Chance, Bentley, 838

Charity, Public, Fielding, 469
Charity, Feltham, 729

Childhood, Characteristics of, Chambers,669
Children, Education of. Anon. 650
Chinese, Religion of, Philosophy of His-
tory, 66 and 996

Chinese Emperor, Anecdote of, 32
Christian, to Corrupt, Scott, 490
Christianity Enlightened, Bishop Watson
563

Christian Ambition, Lacon, 611
Christian Religion. Butler, 1026

Church Revenues, Eagle, 759

Church and State. Selden, 167 Hall, $11
| Circumstances. Anon, 1 Hume, 54
Citizens, Ignorance of, Bruyere, 540
Citizen Soldier Blackstone. 666
Civil Government, Paley. 145

Civilization, Anon, 631 The Savage, 655
Clergyman, Butler, 1036

Cobbett's Advice to Youth. 806
Coercive Measures, Pinnock, 707
Commerce Favourable to Civilization and
Peace, Paine, 273

Complaining, Feltham, 653
Complaisance, Addison, 627
Compliments, Lady Gethin, 425
Conciliate all Men, Barrow, 130
Confidence, Degrees of, Lavate", 674
Conscience, Anon. 24 Shakspeare, 279
and 936 Rousseau, 332

Fielding, 605

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Deity, Notions of, Egyptian Antiquities, EASE, Desire of, Anon, 34 Locke, 93
830
Economy, Spectator's Key, 763

Deity, Unchangeable in his Decrees, R. Education, Anon, 60 Williams, 258
Fellowes, 494

Democracies, Blackstone, 860

Delivery, Advantages of a good, Trusler,

1090

Depravity of Human Nature, Colton, 586
Desiderata, Dr. Chalmers, 118
Despair, Fielding, 596

Despotism, Godwin, 70 De Torqueville,

297 Locke, 1038 Gordon, 1108
Destiny, Voltaire, 326, 441, 708
Determining a Question, Watts, 1096
Detraction, Feltham, 521

Devotion, Rousseau, 152

Diet, Vegetable, Studies of Nature, 1092
Digressions, Swift, 293

Dilemma, Drummond, 324, Mill, 734
Discipline, Military, Moore, 457 and 1062
Discontents and Contents, Burrows, 111
Discourse, Topics of, The Savage, 501
Disguise, Rochefoucault, 659
Dissimulation, Feltham, 443

Educational Magazine, 393

Dr. John-

son, 686 Spectator, 840 Swift, 981
London University Mag., 1024 and 1040
Parr, 1069 Eclectic Review, 722
Education, Systems of. Anon, 72
Education, General, Wilderspin, 313
Education, Self-, P. M. 321

Education. Necessity of Natural, De Toc-
queville, 377

Education of the Greeks, Dryden, 652
Education, Noble Example of, Anon, 781
Effort, never fruitless, Fellowes, 1046
Eloquence, Hume, 548 Webster, 944
Miscellaneous Literature, 657
Employment, Change of, Gray, 196 Anon

245

Emulation, Anon 49

Enjoyment, Sources of, Hume 600
Enjoyments, Public Lib. Ent. Knowledge
1067

Enthusiasm, Sir W. Temple, 142

Ditinction, Love of, Zimmerman 75 and Ennui, Helvetius, 292

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Error, Congreve, 1028

Doubt, Colton, 223 Reproof of Brutus, Error and Custom, Milton, 942
575
Doubts, Portal of Knowledge, Leighton, Esquire, the Country, Shenstone, 870
832

Downing Street, Theodore Hook, 1055

Ethics, Boyle, 975

| Events, Zimmerman, 140

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