and manufactures. Report of committee on manufactures. Na-

vigation act. Fourth census.

CHAPTER X.

Page 178

Republics of southern America. Importance. Extent. Situation

as to religion, morals, education, and commerce. Progress of

their revolution. Views of the government and people of the

United States regarding them. European policy respecting them.

Expulsion of the Spanish troops. Difficulties attending their

internal affairs. President's message relating to them. Recog-

nition of their independence. Panama mission.

CHAPTER XI.

Page 195

Death of Commodore Perry. Duel between Decatur and Barron.

Second session of the 16th congress. Proposition to reduce the

civil list negatived. Reduction of the army. Situation of pub-

lic lands. Relief of land debtors. Electoral votes counted, and

result declared. Inaugural address.

CHAPTER XII.

Page 215

Forty-fifth anniversary. Mr. Adams' address. Death of Napoleon.

Diplomatic discussions with France. Possession of Floridas

under the treaty. General Jackson appointed governor. His

proceedings. Principles of the United States, in relation to colo-

nies, compared with European.
Page 226

CHAPTER XIII.

Bankrupt bill discussed. Ap-

First meeting of the 17th congress.

portionment of representatives. Death of General Pinckney.

Cumberland road bill. Discussion

northwest coast. Deported slaves.

masons. Decoudray's expedition.

congress.

with Russia relating to the

Russian ukase against free-

Second session of the 17th

Page 233

CHAPTER XIV.

Debts due for the sale of lands. Western banks. Charges against
the secretary of the treasury. Report of a committee thereon.
Piracies in the West Indies; their principal haunts. Armament
for their suppression under Commodore Porter. Key West; its
situation. Foxardo affair. Charges against Commodore Porter;

his trial, defense, and sentence of the court. Appointed to the

command of the Mexican navy; his proceedings.

CHAPTER XV.

Page 249

Greece. Commencement and progress of the revolution. Contri-

butions for its relief. Views of European governments, and of

the United States respecting them. Present state of that people.

First session of the 18th congress. Tariff. Report of the com-

mittee of manufactures. Final passage of the bill. Proceedings

in Great Britain to defeat its effects. Massachusetts claim. Bill

to abolish imprisonment for debt.
Page 260

CHAPTER XVI.

Presidential election of 1825. Candidates. Their respective

claims. Propositions to amend the constitution on the subject.

Organization of parties. Their exertions. State of the electo-

ral votes. Vote in the house of representatives. Charges against

Messrs. Clay and Adams. Mr. Adams elected. Inaugural address.

Formation of the cabinet. Second meeting of the 18th congress.

Review of Mr. Monroe's administration.

CHAPTER XVII.

Page 273

Lafayette's arrival, and reception in the United States. His tour.

Reception in congress. Grants to him. Jealousies of the French

government regarding his visit. Number and character of the

free colored population. Conspiracy of the blacks at Charleston.

American colonization society. Its objects, proceedings, and

success. Emigration of free blacks to Hayti.

CHAPTER XVIII.

Page 291

Indians. Number. Title to lands. General character and cus-

toms. Efforts to civilize them. Process of obtaining their lands.

Principles of the government regarding them. Georgia and the

Creeks. Treaty of the Indian Springs. Compact of 1802. Che-

rokees. Their progress in civilization. State jurisdiction ex-

tended over them. Principles and proceedings of the adminis-

tration of 1829, regarding the Indians.

CHAPTER XIX.

Page 310

State of parties consequent on Mr. Adams' election. First session
of the 19th congress. Propositions to amend the constitution.

Report on discriminating tonnage duties. Of engineers on in-
ternal improvements. Panama mission. Mr. Benton's report
on executive patronage. Debate respecting compensation for
slaves killed at New Orleans.

CHAPTER XX.

Page 362

Fourth of July, 1826. Death of Adams and Jefferson; how no-

ticed. Important principles settled during their political course.

Freedom of the press; of political and religious discussion and

opinion. Amelioration of criminal law. Penitentiary system.

Improvement in laws respecting the collection of debts, and the

transmission of lands. Internal improvements. Project of a

canal across the isthmus of Panama. Tea cases. Morgan's ab-

duction.

CHAPTER XXI.

Page 313

Second session of the 19th congress. Reports of committees of

commerce on the British colonial trade. Value of that trade to

the United States estimated. French spoliations before Septem-

ber, 1800. Woolens bill lost. Harrisburgh convention to pro-

mote manufactures. Columbia anti-tariff convention. Dr.

Cooper's address. Mr. Calhoun's appeal to the house on the

subject of a newspaper charge. A challenge resulting from it.

Baker's case. North-eastern boundary.

CHAPTER XXII.

Page 367

First session of the 20th congress. Treasury report. Revision of

the tariff. Committee of manufactures. Call for testimony al-

lowed. Tariff bill passed. Mr. Chilton's retrenchment resolu-

tions. Report of Committee thereon. Dissent of minority.

Free navigation of the St. Lawrence discussed. Death of Gene-

ral Brown, and appointment of successor. Excitement in the

south respecting tariff. Views of the British government re-

specting it. Fortification of the Canadas.
Page 383.

CHAPTER XXIII.

Presidential election of 1829. Candidates. Preparatory measures.

Nomination of General Jackson. Result of the electoral votes.

Mr. Adams' last message. Reports of the secretaries. State of

the nation at the close of the administration of 1825. Effects of

contests for the presidency.

Page 398

CHAPTER XXIV.

Commencement of the administration of 1829. Tenure of office.

Meeting of the senate. New principles in relation to appoint-

ments and removals. Meeting of the Virginia convention to re-

vise their constitution. Its proceedings, and result. First meet-

ing of the 21st congress. Subjects recommended in the message.

Debates on Mr. Foot's resolutions respecting public lands. De-

bates on the Indian bill. Report of committee on U. S. bank.

Proceedings of the senate relating to appointments and remo-

vals. Veto on the Maysville road bill. New organization of

parties.
Page 408

CONCLUSION.

American system of education compared with European. Com-

mon schools. Academies. Colleges. Their number, and an-

nual meeting of graduates. Motives to exertion. Display of

American talent. Annual executive messages and documents.

Diplomacy.

INDEX.

Page 435

Page 439