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mound.'-45. quædam, (' here and there) one.'-50. signa, the twelve signs of the Zodiac.'—56. zmaragdis, the right orthography, not smaragdis. The last syllable in lucente is allowed to remain short.-62. canos, capillos, respective (or Greek) acc.-63. JN. inde Sol, medius loco vidit juvenem, paventem novitate rerum, oculis, quibus aspicit omnia.-65. JN. atque ait: quæ causa viæ (est) tibi? quid petisti hac arce?—66. parenti, dat. of agent, after partcp. fut. pass. —68. hujus nominis, sc. patris.-71. nostris animis, poet. for meo animo. 76. JN. atque quo dubites minus, pete quodvis munus.— quo minus-that-the less.-80. in diem, for a day.'-81. terque quaterque, poet.='again and again,'' repeatedly.'-82. illustre,beaming, brilliant.'-83. JN. mea vox facta est temeraria tuā (voce), i, e. my promise is, by what you have asked, proved to be rash.' 86. istis viribus,that strength of yours' [Pr. Intr. 377], such strength as you have.' 90. placeat sibi quisque licebit, lit. 'it shall be allowed that every one may please himself,' i. e. let every one think what he likes of himself.-95. ardua, steep upwards.' || recentes equi, 'the horses when fresh.'96. altissima, sc. via, the highest (part of the) road is in the midheaven.-99. prona, steep downwards.' -100. JN. tunc etiam ipsa Tethys, quæ excipit me subjectis undis, solet verēri, ne ferar in præceps.-102. The sidereal heavens were thought to revolve round the earth, but the sun to have a proper movement of his own, independent of the revolution of the heavens.-106, 107. The sense is: Can you make head against, or stem the rotation of the sky, so as not to be whirled away by its velocity?'-109. ditia. Dis, ditis, is a contracted by-form of dives.-111. utque, ' and though.'-113. Hæmonios arcus, the constellation Sagittarius, the archer, was originally the Thessalian (Hæmonian) Centaur Chiron. 115. Scorpion, Gr. accus. ||aliter, in another part,' elsewhere,' not here otherwise.'-116. JN. nec est in promptu tibi, regere quadrupedes (equos), animosos illis ignibus, quos habent in pectore, quos efflant ore et naribus. || tibi in promptu est, is it easy for you?' 'can you readily?'-134. optaris, optaveris, future perf.-135. monitus, acc. pl. his warnings.'-137. qua licuit, as long as might be.'-138. Vulcania munera, a present from Vulcan,' in apposition with currus.-141. JN. chryso lithi atque gemma, posita ex ordine per juga, reddebant clara lumina repercusso Phobo (abl. abs.).—142. repercusso Phœbo, ' by reflexion of the sun-beams.'-146. cogit agmina, closes the line;' a military expression.-147. statione exit, 'quits his post;' also military language.-148. pater Titan, the sun-god, father of Phaethon, was a Titan deity.-151. JN. atque ducunt altis præsepibus quadrupedes vomentes ignem, saturos suco ambrosia. 154. JN. pater contigit ora sui nati sacro medicamine.-155. JN. et fecit (ora) patientia rapida flammæ. || patientia, ' capable of enduring;' poet. construed with gen.-156. JN. atque repetens suspiria præsāga luctus, pectore sollicito. luctus, gen. depending on præsaga.— 161. The sense is: Do not take your way directly through the five zones. The sun's proper path, the ecliptic, winds obliquely

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through the torrid zone, and just touches the two temperate zones, and so is on the whole limited to these three divisions of the sphere.-167. nec preme, sc. currum, 'neither lower the car.' -170. Anguem, a northern constellation between the two bears. -171. Aram, a southern constellation. || pressam, 'lying low,' because seen only towards the southern horizon.-174. metas, 'its turning-posts,' or furthest limits.-179. 'While you can, and are as yet standing on firm ground.'-181. JN. sine, me dare lumina, quæ tutus spectes, terris.'—184. inde, from that place,' i. e. the seat where he was mounted.-185. To be scanned: "Intērēļā võlu|crēs Pyro ēis Elōus ět | Æthōn.-188. quæ, sc. repagula.-189. JN. et (postquam) copia immensi mundi facta est. || facta est (sc. equis), when the horses had the boundless universe open before them.190. corripere viam, to snatch up the way,' is a lively expression for eager haste.-192. îsdem iisdem.-197. JN. sic currus dat saltus, vacuos onere assueto, in aera. || vacuos, attached to saltus, in strict sense belongs to currus.-199. tritum spatium,' the beaten space or track.'-201. JN. nec scit, qua flectat commissas habenas, nec (scit) qua iter sit. || commissas habenas, 'the reins committed to him.'203. Triones, a north-polar constellation, always above the horizon. -205. JN. atque serpens quæ posita est proxima glaciali polo.-209. tardus, because of the slow apparent movement of the constellation Bootes, or Arctophylax, about the pole.-211. penitus, penitus, deep, deep,' the repetition gives intensity to the thought.213. tenebræ per tantum lumen obortæ, blasted by excess of light.' Gray.-215. valuisse rogando, to have prevailed in intreating; that is, to have gained his request.—216. JN. jam (Phaethon) cupiens dici Meropis (gen. subjecti), fertur ita, ut pinus (i. e. navis), acta præcipiti Borea, cui suus rector remisit victa frena, quam (sc. pinum, navem) reliquit dis atque votis (dat.). Meropis, Merops' (son). 221. modo interdum, partitive, one while another.' || JN. quos (sc. occasus) contingere, non est fatum illi.-228. scorpios, Greek nom. for pure Latin, scorpio. -230. JN, ut puer vidit hunc, madidum sudore nigri veneni, minitantem vulnera curvata cuspide.- 232. gelida formidine, with freezing terrour;' poet., a property is attributed to any object, which causes that property in other things.--233. JN. quæ (sc. lora) jacentia postquam tetigere summum tergum. - 239. spatio propiore terra (dat.).—240. JN. Luna admiratur, fraternos equos currere inferius suis (equis).—242. ut quæque altissima, i.e. ut quæque pars telluris altissima est, ita maxime corripitur flammis, a mode of comparison very frequent in Cicero, the earth, the higher it is, the more it is caught by the flames.'-243. agit rimus, 'splits,' or 'cracks.' 245. suo damno (dat.).246. parva queror, (hitherto) I bewail (but) trifles:' words of the poet as he passes on to describe vaster destruction. 247. JN. atque incendia vertunt totas gentes cum suis populis in cinĕrem.-249, 250. Ete, Ide, Greek forms kept in poetry: so Ætne, ver. 252.-251. Virginius Helicon, as being the seat of the Muses. || nondum Eagrius, because before the time of Eager, king of Thrace.

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254. tandem nivibus caritura, which was at length (in this instance) to be without snow.'-255. Dindyma, -orum, pl., in prose, mostly Dindymus. || natus ad sacra, because the rites of Bacchus were there celebrated. - 267. JN. credunt, populos Ethiopum traxisse tum nigrum colorem, sanguine vocato in corpora summa. in corpora summa, to the surface of their bodies.'-269. Libye, in prose Libya, see ver. 249.-270. passis.... comis, 'with dishevelled hair, wept for the springs and lakes.'-271. Dircen, Amymonen, Greek forms. 273. JN. sortita ripas distantes loco. -275. Peneos, a Greek form.-276. Psophaïco. The river Erymanthus was in Arcadia, and flowed by the city of Psophis. The final o is preserved long.-277. arsurus iterum, in the time of the Trojan war. Il. xxi. 279. Melās, Tanarius, the final syllables lengthened by the arsis.-281. Ister, the lower Danube, the name Danubius belonging of old only to the upper part of the river.— 283. JN. atque aurum, quod Tagus vehit suo amne, fluit ignibus. || fluit ignibus, 'is liquefied by the fire.'-284. JN. et flumineæ volucres, quæ celebrarant Mæonias ripas carmine, caluere medio Castro. || Mæonias ripas, 'the banks of the Cayster,' in Mæonia, i.e. Lydia. || celebrarant carmine, had frequented with song,' i. e. had thronged the spot and sung there.-285. flumineæ volucres, i. e. the swans.-289. Ismarios (sc. amnes), 'rivers of the Ismarus,' i. e. Hebrus and Strymon.-290. Hesperios, of the western side.' -291. Tibrim, poet. form for Tiberim. || potentia rerum,' the sovereignty of the world.'-294, 295. JN. atque montes, quos altum æquor texerat, existunt.-297. JN. nec curvi delphines audent se tollere super æquora in consuetas auras.-299. summo profundo,' on the surface of the deep.'-300. JN. atque fama est, ipsum Nerea atque Dorida et natas latuisse sub tepidis antris.—301. natas, the Nereids, daughters of Nereus and Doris,-302. aquis, out of the waters,' abl. depending on exserere. — - 307. JN. (Tellus) arida sustulit omniferos vultus collo tenus. vultus collo tenus, the features as far as (down to) the neck.' || omniferos, because the face of the earth both produces and displays every thing; but as this is a word met with no where else, some think it a corruption of horriferos, shuddering, or, perhaps, roughened, disfigured-312. JN. liceat (mihi), perituræ viribus ignis, perire igne tuo (sc. fulmine).-313. cladem auctore levare, to feel less grieved at the calamity, by reflecting who is the author of it.'-314. Vix, &c. scarcely indeed can I open my mouth for (the utterance of) merely these words.'-315. vapor presserat ora, 'the steam had stopped her mouth.'-321. vobis, sc. Deis.-322. fac, 'suppose, grant.' undæ, sc. meruere.-326. fratris, mea gratia, gratia is properly, pleasing or acceptable quality,' such as moves affection, and therefore fratris is gen. subjecti; but gratia fratris taken together may be translated, affection for your brother,' subject and object being interchanged.-327. vitiaverit, fut. perf.-332. consule summæ rerum, 'take measures for the safety of the universe.'-333. dixerat, had finished speaking,' the cause for the use of the preterpluperf. being indicated in the next clause. neque enim, &c. and the close of the speech preceding the further

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act, retulit os suum, &c.-336. ipsum, sc. solem.-337. JN. (testatus) omnia interitura (esse) fato gravi, nisi ferat (sc. Juppiter) opem. -346. in contraria, asunder, different ways.'-356. Eridanus, among the ancient Greeks, was a mythic river in the far west, afterwards the name was attached to the modern Po, Lat. Padus.357. Naïdes Hesperia, Naids of the West.-360. quem si non tenuit, 'which (chariot) if he kept not,' i.e. 'could not manage.'-361. Nam, accounts for the funeral rites being performed by the Naids, on account of the absence of the father. || JN. pater, miserabilis luctu agro, condiderat obductos vultus.—367. laniata sinus, torn, as to her bosom'' having her bosom torn.'-sinus, pl. and respect. acc.— 372. Heliades, daughters of Helios (the sun), and therefore sisters of Phaethon.-373. munera, in apposition with lacrimas. || cæsa pectora, as laniata sinus, v. 367.-374. JN. vocant Phaethonta, non auditurum miseras querelas, nocte dieque.-375. adsternuntur, pass. mid.throw themselves.'-376. junctis cornibus implerat orbem, ' with joined horns had filled up her orb'-a periphrasis for the full moon..—395. venit in verba novissima, 'came at (or on) the last uttered words.'-396. inde,' from the bark.' || JN. electra stillata de ramis novis, rigescunt sole.-398. Latinis. This seems to determine that the Eridanus of Ovid is the Italian Po. See also vv. 402-404.-401. Construe relicto imperio, as abl. abs., v. 402 is parenthetical.-404. silvam sororibus auctam,' the wood enlarged by the sisters (of Phaethon: i. e. by their having been changed into trees).-405. viro, dat. of relation or acquisition.-406. dissimulant, 'belie,' 'falsely represent,'' conceal.' So tauro dissimulante Jovem, &c.-412. JN. elegit flumina, contraria flammis, quæ colat. || elegit quæ colat,' chose for his haunts.'

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VIII. 3. sui roboris, gen. of property, of their own (proper or due) strength.'-5. Arcadiæ suæ, because Arcadia was a chief seat of his worship.-9. A spondaic line.-10. hæsit,' he was caught by,' 'his attention was fixed on.'-15. miles, here fem. || Phoebes, Greek gen.-16. Triviæ, a Latin surname of Diana.-17. Dictynna, a Cretan surname of Diana, from diкrvov, net, or díkɛiv, jacere. 29. olim, 'long before executing her vengeance.'-33. quo, to which (circumstance).'-44. Jovi, dat. of agent.-46. posse loqui, 'the power of speech,' subject of the verb eripitur.—50. qualescumque, 'such as she had.'-68. pater, her father Lycaon had been changed into a wolf.-70. vicina sidera, the Bear, and Bearward (Bootes).-77-80. JN. mentiar, nisi, quum nox fecerit obscurum orbem, videritis mea vulnera, stellas, honoratas nuper summo cœlo, illic, ubi circulus ultimus atque brevissimus spatio ambit extremum axem.-87. Argolicā Phoronide, Io.—90. alumna, Tethys had been Juno's nurse.

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IX. 3. JN. nec cederet anseribus, servaturis Capitolia vigili voce, nor yield (in whiteness) to the geese that by their wakeful voice were to save the Capitol.' — 5. lingua faciente loquaci, the (bird's) loquacious tongue causing it' (i. e. the change of colour).-8. Delphice, thou (god) of Delphi,' i. e. Apollo.- 12. JN. quem garrula cornix consequitur motis pennis, ut scitetur omnia.-20. gemino. Cecrops, according to the

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myth, was half man, half dragon.-28. tutela pulsa, 'the rejected favorite' (protégée). — 30. admonuisse, infin. perf., used like the Greek aorist.-31. At puto. These words introduce the answer to an objection, the substance of which is to be understood from its refutation.-32. Scan: Mē pěti|īt īp|sā līcět|hōc ex|Pāllădĕ| quæras. it in petiit is lengthened by the arsis.-47. molibar, old form of the imperf. for moliebar.-55. JN. si Nyctiměne, facta volucris diro crimine (abl. causæ), successit nostro honori. || Nyctimene, the daughter of Nycteus, or Epopeus, king of Lesbos : changed into an owl by Minerva, as a punishment for an incestuous passion.-56. JN. precor, revocamina ista sint tibi malo, a plague upon you with your warnings.'-60. amantis, i. e. Apollinis.- 63. flexum a cornibus arcum, the bow bent by the horns' (at its ends).-64. JN. et trajecit illa pectora (sc. Coronidis), juncta toties cum suo pectore, indevitato telo.-83. JN. quum, spectante juvencă (abl. absol.), malleus libratus ab dextra aure (percussoris, see vii. 343), discussit cava tempora lactentis vituli claro ictu.—85. injusta justa, an oxymôron, and play on words. The funeral solemnities were justa, as due to the dead, but injusta, as the death was unjustly caused.—-88. gemini Chironis, the Centaur, half man, half horse.-89. JN. atque (Phœbus) vetuit, corvum, sperantem præmia non falsæ linguæ sibi, considere inter aves albas. || non falsa vera,' truth-telling.'

X. 2. mixto oneri honore, the honour blended with a burden.' -3. humeros, acc. respect.-6. Ocyrhoen, swift-flowing,' allusive to fluminis rapidi.-14. flamma avita,' thy grandsire's flame,' i.e. Jupiter's.-17. nunc immortalis, sc. es. JN. et creatus lege nascendi, ut maneas omnibus ævis.—19. cum cruciabere, &c. Hercules unintentionally shot him in the foot with an arrow dipt in the blood of the Lyrnæan hydra.-21. patientem mortis, 'subject to death.'-22. triplices Dea, the Parcæ, or Destinies. — 23. fatis, 'her prophetic utterings.'-27. tanti, 'of such value, worth this.'

28. contraxere mihi,attached to me.'- 31. cognata, because half horse by nature. -39. perpetuo cornu, ' undivided horn.'43. monstra dedere nomen,' the prodigy gave her a name;' because thenceforth she was called Hippo (from the Greek iлπоç, horse).

XI. 1. JN. Philyreïus heros, Chiron, as son of the nymph Philyra.-4. Messenia (Meσonvios), of Messene.-7. alterius, supply manús onus.-9. JN. boves (tua) incustoditæ memorantur processisse in Pylios agros.-10. Nalus Atlantide Maia, the offspring of Atlas's daughter Maia, i. e. Mercury.-11. occultat abactas, partcp. and verb to be resolved co-ordinately, he drives away and hides.'13. vicinia, a collective noun, therefore the verb vocabant, pl.— 14, 15. JN. hic (sc. Battus) custos servabat saltus atque herbosa pascua atque Greges nobilium equarum divitis Nelei. || Nelei, to be read as a dissyllable by synæresis.-16. Hunc and illi are here, metri caussa, used in reference to the same person.—18. nega vidisse = dic te non vidisse.-19. neu, nulla, &c., that the service may not be unrewarded,' positive by two negatives.-20. accepta, sc. vacca, after he had got the cow.'-25. furto silentia deme, a poetical paraphrase for 'disclose the theft.'

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