The thing demonstrated is the truth of the vision and its revelations. But some refer it ironically to Sinon. - 310. Deiphobi; a son of Priam and Hecuba. Cf. VI. 495 foll. Dedit... ruinam = fell in. - 311. Vulcano. See on G. I. 295. Proximus; i. e. next to the house of Deiphobus. — 312. Ucalegon; one of Priam's counsellors. The man is put for his house, as Apollo for his temple, III. 275. Sigea; so called from Sigeum, a promontory of Troas, situated at the point where the Hellespont widens out into the Aegean. Lata has the force of late. - 314. Armis; sc. capiendis. Aeneas was rushing into battle without a sufficiently distinct notion what object to aim at. — 315. Bello= ad bellum. Gr. 384 and II. A. & S. 223. In arcem. The citadel as a rallying-point is his first thought. See on v. 322.-317. Pulchrumque mori; sc. esse. Gr. 545; 549. 2. A. & S. 239; 269, R. 3. · 319. Othryades = son of Othrys. Arcis Phoebique; of Apollo in the citadel, where there seem to have been chapels for several of the gods. — 320. Sacra deosque. Cf. v. 293. Victos. See on I. 68. -321. Ipse manu, words which are frequently found together in Virg. seem always intended to call attention to the agent, sometimes with direct reference to others, sometimes merely as coming forward prominently, e. g. where the act is one requiring exertion. Trahit... deos... nepotem; a zeugma. Trahit aptly expresses the difficulty experi enced by the child in endeavoring to keep up with his grandfather. Limina; the door of Aeneas, who is just rushing out when he is met by Panthus on the threshold, and sallies forth accordingly, v. 336, after their conversation. Cursu... tendit=currit. See on vv. 226, 303. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. — 322. Quo Loco in what condition is the public safety? Quam arcem. Arx is here used in its proper sense, a citadel, or point of defence, though quam seems to show that the word is not meant to be restricted to Pergamus. See on I. I. Aeneas sees Panthus hurrying away from the citadel with his gods and his grandson, and so naturally asks, "What citadel are we occupying?" or "have we occupied?" (prendimus may be either pres. or perf.) suspecting already that Pergamus is no longer tenable. Henry well remarks that Panthus answers in effect, "We have no citadel anywhere to defend," and that Aeneas, hearing this, rushes out with no definite object in the direction of the shouting. Panthu. Gr. 46. 3. 5). A. & S. 54. 5. –825. Dardaniae; probably a dat., like Libyae in I. 22. Fuimus. Gr. 471. I. A. & S. 259, R. 1 (2) (a). — 326. Ferus: iratus, crudelis. Argos; for Graeciam. Gr. 379. A. & S. 237. - 330. Insultans; expressive of joy and insolence. Portis. Gr. 414 and 4 A. & S. 247 and 3, or 255. 2. Alii... alii : some... others. 332. Angusta viarum. See on I. 422. 333. Oppositi = op = - = = posing themselves; i. e. to the Trojans coming and trying to escape. Stat refers to the sword firmly grasped in the hand, so as to present the point to the enemy. Mucrone. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2.334. Primi at the entrance; i. e. those first met on entering the gates.- 335. Caeco Marte = in the dark encounter. Caeco Marte might be said of a night encounter, though it happened to be moonlight.—336. Numine divum=by the will of the gods; i. e. as intimated by the words of Panthus. A close connection is to be supposed between talibus dictis and numine divum. Cf. such passages as v. 195 and III. 172. The meaning seems to be that Aeneas having heard from Panthus that the gods had declared against Troy, and that all hope of rallying his countrymen was over, rushed desperately forth. This accords with the view taken in v. 322.337. Erinys; not the Fury within, but the Fury without, the demon of battle. See on G. I. 278. — 338. Aethera. See on G. I. 406. -340. Oblati. See on v. 262. The names are fictitious. - 341. Agglomerant; sc. se from addunt. See on I. 440. Nostro. Gr. 446. 2. A. & S. 209, R. 7 (6). — 342. Mygdonides. Mygdon was a king of Phrygia. — 343. Insano; because it hurried him to his ruin. 344. Gener; with auxilium ferebat: as a son-in-law. - 345. Qui non... audierit because he did not heed. Cassandra advised him in vain to retire from the war. He was slain by Peneleus, v. 425. Gr. 519. A. & S. 264. 8 (1).— 347. Confertos = formed into a band; i. e. as Aeneas wished, glomerare manum bello, v. 315. Audere in to have courage sufficient for. - 348. Super thereupon; i. e. quia jam audebant. His; sc. dictis. Fortissima ... pectora. See on E. IX. 9. Frustra; because it is now too late for valor to avail anything. — 349. Audentem; sc. me. Extrema extreme perils, death. Cupido; sc. est. — 350. Sequi. See on v. 10.- - 352. Quibus ... steterat. See on v. 163. — 353. Incensae is the emphatic word, as in v. 327. Moriamur et ruamus is not exactly a case of hysteron-proteron. The first thing which Aeneas had to do was to persuade his comrades to die; the next to tell them how to do it. - 354. Salus. Gr. 362. A. & S. 210. 356. Raptores = prowling. A. & S. 205, R. 11. — 357. Caecos; i. e. to danger. — 359. Mediae... urbis. They apparently make for the arx as the seat of danger. Cf. v. 240. — 360. Nox atra. It is not meant that the night was dark as compared with other nights; the epithet is merely one of night as distinguished from day: so that there is no inconsistency between vv. 255, 340, and 360, 397, 420, 621.-361. Fando explicet. Cf. IV. 333.- 362. Lacrimis. Gr. 414 and 4. A. & S. 247 and 3.-364. Inertia ; i. e. imbellia, the bodies of the weak and helpless. Cf. IV. 158. .366. Sanguine. Gr. 414 and 3. A. 247 and 2.368. Crudelis = luctus = relentless agony. For an example of luctus denoting the agony of battle, cf. v. 298. Ubique... ubique... plurima are predicates, plurima being a repetition of ubique under a different form. 369. Imago: sight. Cf. VI. 405. — 371. Androgeos; a Grecian hero, not to be confounded with the son of the Cretan king Minos, VI. 20. Gr. 46. A. & S. 54.-372. Ultro. See on v. 279. -373. Quae tam sera. See on G. II. 315. — 375. Vos. Gr. 446. A. & S. 209, R. 1 (b). — 376. Dabantur. Mark the tense. No satisfactory answer was being given, such as Androgeos expected to receive at once. - 377. Sensit delapsus is a Grecism. Gr. 547 and I. A. & S. 271, N. 5.—378. Retro... repressit. See on G. I. 200. -379. Aspris. Gr. 703. 2. - A. & S. 221, R. 3. Humi. Gr. 424. 2. 381. Iras; A. & S. 322. 4. — 380. Nitens; advancing with i. e. caput iratum. Col la. Gr. 380. A. & S. 234. II. — 382. Visu. See on v. 212. Abibat= =was beginning to retreat. - 383. Circumfundimur; sc. iis. Cf. IV. 635. The use of the passive in a middle (or reflexive) sense, is common. Cf. vv. 393, 401, etc. Armis. Gr. 414 and 3. - 386. Successu animis. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 1. 387. Prima seems to be explained by primo labori, v. 385, though it might refer adverbially to monstrat iter. — 390. Dolus-requirat. Who, having to deal with an enemy, would draw distinctions between stratagem and hard fighting? In hoste. Cf. v. 541. Requirat=rogat, as in v. 506.-391. Deinde; after a participle, like tum, V. 382. Clipei insigne = clipeum : lit. device of the shield. Gr. 374. 7. A. & S. 234, R. 1 (a). — 393. Induitur. See on v. 383. 394. Ipse - etiam. - 396. Haud — nostro = under a protection not our own: lit. under a god not our own referring to the Grecian armor which they had assumed. Virg. meant to say, probably, either that the Grecian arms actually carried with them the favor of the Grecian deities, or to express in theological language the advantage derived from the disguise. It seems clear from the context that he did not mean to introduce at this point in the narrative anything of an unfavorable character, as this would not only interfere with the feeling of triumph, but also spoil the effect of the next paragraph, which at v. 402 is ushered in with a sudden change of tone. The common explanation therefore, the gods being against us, can hardly be correct. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2.397. Caecam... noctem. See on vv. 335, 360. 399. Cursu... petunt. See on v. 321.-400. Fida; because their fleet was there. -401. Conduntur. See on v. 383.-402. Invitis ... fidere divis should trust the gods against their will; i. e. a man may not rely on the gods when they have declared against him. Gr. 385. A. & S. 223, R. 2. Some make invitis divis an abl. abs. = when the gods are against him, taking fidere absolutely.-404. Templo; the temple of Minerva in the citadel. See on v. 359 and I. 41. 407. Mente. Gr. 430. A. & S. 257. Coroebus. See vv. 341 foll. and notes. - 408. Periturus. Gr. 578. V. A. & S. 274, R. 6 (a). -409. Densis... armis; i. e. with closed ranks. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. Cf. 383. —410. Primum answers to tum, v. 413, and to etiam, v. 420. This was the beginning of our reverses. Delubri; i. e. of Minerva. — 411. Miserrima = most pitiable. — 412. Errore jubarum; i. e. the mistake arising from the crests. 413. Gemitu; i. e. of indignation. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. Ereptae virginis at the rescue of the maiden; i. e. Cassandra. Gr. 580. A. & S. 274, R. 5 (a). —414. Undique; with collecti: they rally from all sides, and fall on us. Acerrimus; because of the loss of his prize. -415. Dolopum. See on v. 7. -- 416. Adversi; predicate with confligunt. Turbine. Gr. 430. A. & S. 247 and 1. A. & S. 257.-418. Equis. Gr. 414 and 2. Cf. Hor. C. IV. 4. 44. Saevitque tridenti. Cf. I. 138. — 419. Nereus. See on Ov. M. I. 187. Fundo. Cf. I. 84, 125. — 420. Obscura nocte. See on v. 360. — 421. Insidiis = by the stratagem. Cf. v. 387 foll. Urbe. Gr. 422. I. A. & S. 254, R. 3. — 422. Primi = the foremost. Mentita = lying, counterfeiting: not passive, counterfeit, as some take it; for the weapons were actually Greek, and so were not counterfeited. It belongs to clipeos as well as to tela. -423. Ora-signant : they observe (our) speech differing in accent (from theirs). Sono. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1. — 425. Penelei; an imaginary character. Divae. Minerva is called in = the very. See on = XI. 483, Armipotens praeses belli. —426. Unus = I. 15. 427. Aequi. Gr. 399 and 2. 1). A. & S. 213 and R. 1 (2). — 428. Visum; of the decrees of the gods, III. 2. Not that the gods did not think him just, but that they did not deal with him as they might have been expected to deal with a just man. -429. Panthu. See on v. 322. —430. Infula. See on v. 221.-431. Flamma― meorum is parallel to Iliaci cineres, as the flames of Troy were the funeral flames of Aeneas's countrymen and friends. — 433. Vitavisse. Gr. 545. 2. 1). A. & S. 239, R. 2. Vices hand-tohand encounters. Fata fuissent. See on v. 54.434. Caderem. Gr. 495. 2. 1). A. & S. 273. 2. Meruisse manu. The object of meruisse is ut caderem. Manu pugnando. Inde; probably of time, though it might denote place. — 435. Iphitus-mecum is in apposition with the subject of divellimur. We are forced away from the scene of action, Iphitus, Pelias, and I. Quorum; a part. gen. limiting Iphitus and Pelias. Aevo... vulnere. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247. and 1. -436. See on Achilli, I. 30. -437. Vocati; not a finite verb, but a participle agreeing with the subject of divelli = = = mur. It was the battle-cry at Priam's palace that forced Aeneas and his comrades away from the scene where the others met their death. -438. Pugnam; with cernimus. Cetera... bella; i. e. other conflicts that were going on in the town. -439. Forent. Gr. 506. A. & S. 263. 2 (1). —440. Sic answers to ceu, and goes with ruentes and obsessum as well as with indomitum. Martem = the conflict; as in v. 335. Que... que both... and. Ad tecta for the roof. —441. Acta testudine = by a testudo (of shields) which had been formed and advanced (against it). Limen the gate. Two struggles were going on (Danaosque — ruentes. . . obsessumque — li men) between the assailants and defenders, one about scaling the walls of the palace (vv. 442 – 444), the other about forcing an entrance through the doors (vv. 449, 450). The progress of the former is described vv. 452 – 468, that of the latter vv. 469 foll. -442. Haerent parietibus hang on the walls. Gr. 422. 1; 669. II. 3. A. & S. 254, R. 3; 306. 1 (3). - 443. Gradibus; i. e. of the ladders. Gr. 414 and 4. A. & S. 247 and 3. Clipeos... objiciunt describes the testudo.-445. Tecta = covered.-446. His; with telis; i. e. the tiles and other parts of the roof torn up. Quando. Cf. I. 261. Ultima the end; i. e. that the end has come. -447. Extrema in morte = in the last death-struggle. —448. Decora alta. Cf. I. 429.449. Imas; opposed to what was going on upon the roof. The defenders of the doors seem to have stood within, v. 485.- 451. Animi; referring to Aeneas and his two companions. His first thought had been to make for the citadel (v. 315); he had afterwards become more desperate (vv. 336 foll.); now he seems to return to the hope of making a regular defence. 453. Limen. Virg. characterizes this secret postern gate in four ways first simply as limen, then bringing in the notion of secrecy in caecae fores, then in pervius usus, etc., explaining the object of this second entry, and lastly in postes relicti a tergo giving the situation of the door, at the back of the building. Pervius usus = thoroughfare, free communication. -454. Tectorum-Priami = connecting the apartments of Priam's palace with each other. - 455. Infelix; probably on account of her widowhood. She was the widow and Astyanax the son of Hector. — 456. Saepius = quite often. —457. Soceros; Priam and Hecuba. So patres, v. 579, stands for parentes. Puerum... trahebat. See on v. 321. 458. Evado; of mounting a height, IV. 685. — 460. Turrim. Gr. 85. A. & S. 79. 3. In praecipiti = on the extreme edge (of the roof). tectis, i. e. the roof of the tower, not of the palace. A. & S. 247 and 2. See on III. 134–463. Ferro; i. e. with iron implements as levers. Summa . . . tabulata = the surface floor. ings; i. e. at the base of the tower; and called summa merely as be Summis... Gr. 414 and 3. |