etc. In prose we might have had satis superque est quod vidimus, etc. The allusion is to the destruction of Troy by Hercules in the reign of Laomedon. - 643. Superavimus. Cf. v. 597. Urbi. Gr. 384 A. & S. 223. Una in the form of semel must be supplied to captae urbi. - 644. Sic is probably to be taken with positum: just as I am. Affati seems to refer to the conclamatio rather than to the inclamatio. See on I. 219. They are to treat him as if he were already dead, and leave him. 645. Ipse manu are so frequently connected together by Virg. in the sense of doing a thing with one's own hand (see on v. 321), that it seems impossible to give them any other sense here. Miserebitur hostis on the other hand is more naturally understood of death from an enemy than of an enemy's abstaining from maltreating the dead; and the words of Aeneas, v. 661, rather favor the same view. Forb. therefore seems right in supposing that Anchises means to follow Priam's example, mingling in battle and provoking his death. Cf. Meruisse manu, v. 434. Exuviasque petet indicates that the enemy might kill him for other reasons than pity. 647. Annos demoror = have I been delaying the years. Gr. 467. 2. A. & S. 145. 2. — 649. Fulminis... ventis. Virg. may have thought of the wind of the thunderbolt's motion. See on I. 45. Afflavit=blasted. The story was that Anchises was struck with lightning for divulging his intercourse with Venus. — 650. Memorans= = dicens. Cf. v. 73. I. 327.651. Nos. Gr. 446. 2. A. & S. 209, R. 7 (b). Effusi (sc. sumus) lacrimis in tears (began to entreat). Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1. —652. Vertere. See on I. 20. 653. Fato-incumbere to lend his weight to the destiny that was bearing us down. Vellet depends on effusi lacrimis, which contains the notion of orabamus. — 655. Feror. See on v. 383. —656. Consilium... fortuna = expedient... way of safety. — 658. Nefas impiety. -660. Sedet; of a fixed resolution, IV. 15; V. 418. etc., sometimes with animo, sometimes with a dat. of the person, sometimes without a case. Animo. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2.661. Isti; i. e. to that death you covet so. in a moment.-664. Hoc erat... quod eripis · was it for this ... that thou dost rescue. Quod eripis is the subject, hoc the predicate, and ut cernam explains hoc. Hoc and quod are adverbial or cognate accusatives. Gr. 380. 2. A. & S. 232 (3). See on v. 141. The tenses are confused, ut cernam depending on hoc erat.— 665. Mediis, See on v. 508. — 668. Ferte arma. We are to suppose that he had taken off his armor on returning home. So Rursus in arma feror, v. 655. Lux ultima; like summa dies, v. 324. · visam. Gr. 493. 2. A. & S. 262, R. 4.— 671. Accingor. See on v. 383.672. Insertabam. The strap or handle of the shield, through which the arm was passed, was technically denominated in etc. = 662. Jam 669. Re sertorium.-675. Et = also. — 676. Expertus; i. e. as having been already in the battle. — 678. - 681. Manus inter, etc. - once Quondam ... dicta called. Creusa had Ascanius in her arms and was pressing him upon Aeneas. This explains tendebat, v. 674.682. Levis .. ... apex a light tapering flame.- 683. Tactu. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. 1. — 684. Flamma is the same as the levis apex. - 685. Trepidare began to bustle about. Gr. 545. I. A. & S. 209, R. 5. – 686. Fontibus : with spring water. -688. Coelo; for ad coelum. Cf. v. 405. Gr. 379. 5. A. & S. 225. IV. R. 2. 689. Si. See on G. I. 7. Cf. V. 687 foll. — 690. Hoc tantum; sc. rogo. See on v. 79.691. Firma. Serv. says that it was usual for the Romans to ask for a second omen confirming the first. -692. Vix... que. See on v. 172. 693. Laevum =on the left. Thunder on the left was a good omen in Roman augury.-694. Stella a meteor. Facem: a fiery train. Multa cum luce; with facem ducens. Idaea...silva; the woods on Mt. Ida. 697. Signantemque vias. The sense seems to be fixed by the parallel, V. 526, to the imprinting of the meteor's path along the sky. Que couples signantem with labentem. Tum. After the disappearance of the meteor any trail that it left would be more perceptible. Longo limite in a long path. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2.699. Se auras; i. e. rises. We may presume from v. 644 and the context generally that Anchises was stretched on his bed. -701. Jam, as elsewhere, already; and the repetition strengthens it. We may render : "No more, no more delay from me." Adsum is stronger than ibo. Lead me by what way you will, I am there already. -703. Vestro-est Troy (i. e. the Trojan race) is in your keeping, under your protection. -704. Tibi comes ire= tecum ire. Gr. 390 and 2. A. & S. 227, R. 4. Cf. VI. 158. 706. Aestus; acc. -707. Imponere. See on v. 383. —708. Humeris. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. Cf. IV. 599. Iste very beautifully suggests the reason why the burden will not be oppressive it consists of thee.—709. Quo ... cumque; tmesis. - 710. Mihi. See on tibi, v. 704. 712. Dicam; fut. indic. Animis advertite; a variety for the common animos advertite ad ea. –713. Urbe egressis=as you go out of the city. For the dat. see on I. 102.714. Desertae solitary; because she, i. e. her temple, stood in an unfrequented spot. -715. Religione by the religious observance.-716. Ex diverso = from different parts. 718. Me...attrectare. Gr. 549 and 1. A. & S. 269 and R. 2. Caede recenti. We have seen, v. 167, that part of the crime of Diomedes and Ulysses was that they touched the Palladium with their blood-stained hands. —719. Vivo. Only running water could be used for the purification. = 721. Humeros. Gr. 380. A. & S. 234. II. 722. Super; ad verb. 725. Ferimur. See on v. 383. Opaca locorum. See on I. 422.727. Adverso Graii Greeks gathered thickly together = in hostile array. - 729. Comiti; Ascanius. 731. Evasisse = to have passed over in safety. See on v. 458. Cf. III. 282. Ad aures; with adesse, as in V. 55. — 735. Mihi. Gr. 386. 2. A. & S. 224, R. 2. Nescio quod=some; lit. I know not what. Gr. 525. 4 A. & S. 265, R. 4. Male amicum. See on v. 23.-736. Confusam eripuit. See on I. 29, 69. Cursu. See on I. 157.-737. Rcgione line, direction. - 738. Misero - incertum = whether my wife Creusa, torn from me unhappy (one) by fate, stopped, or wandered from the way, or weary sat down, (is) uncertain. Misero be longs to mihi understood. Erepta fato applies really to all three verbs, the meaning being that she was separated finally from Aeneas, whatever was the cause. The indicatives are used instead of subjunctives, which we should have naturally expected, like laetantur, E. IV. 52, sparsit, E. V. 7, mittit, G. I. 57, being regarded as the principal verbs in the sentence, and incertum merely as a sort of qualifying adverb. Gr. 525. 6. A. & S. 265, R. 1.—739. Seu is used co-ordinately with ne, as Tacitus uses sive co-ordinately with an. We have already had seu... sive after dubii, I. 218.741. Necquam nor did I observe that she was lost or turn my mind (towards her) before that.742. Tumulum... sedem. Gr. 379. 4 A. & S. 237, R. 5 (c). Antiquae refers rather to the temple than to the goddess.-744. Comites=as her companions. Comites simply expresses in what respect she played them false, or escaped their notice. - 745. Deorumque. Gr. 663. III. 1. 4). A. & S. 304 (4); 307. 3. -749. Cingor. See on v. 383.750. Stat with an infin., of a fixed resolution, like sedet. Cf. v. 660.753. Retro-sequor I observe and trace backward. See on I. 29, 69. —754, Lumine = with the eye. — 755. Si forte = on the chance that. See on v. 136. - 761. Porticibus — asylo in the desolate cloisters, Juno's sanctuary; i. e. temple.-765. Auro solidi == of solid gold: lit. solid with gold. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 1.—772. Infelix; with reference to Aeneas's feeling, not to Creusa's actual condition.773. Nota =solita. The forms of the shades, like those of the gods (see on v. 592), were supposed to be larger than human, apparently as being no longer "cabined, cribbed, confined" by the body.-774. Steterunt; like tulerunt, E. IV. 61.-775. Affari...... demere. Gr. 545. 1. A. and S. 209, R. 5. —777. Numine = will, purpose. See on v. 123; I. 133. Cf. V. 56.—779. Aut (=nor) connects fas (= destiny) with regnator, as one of the subjects of sinit. Ille is peculiarly used of Jupiter, as a title of reverence. - - 780. Tibi. Gr. 388. I. A. & S. 225. III. Exsilia. The - = plural has here (as indeed frequently in poetry), a rhetorical force, as multiplying the troubles of Aeneas. Arandum is used strictly with aequor, loosely with exsilia (zeugma), to be undergone... to be traversed.-781. Et and then. Terram. See on v. 742. Hesperiam. See on I. 569. Lydius refers to the traditional origin of the Etruscans from Lydia, a country in the western part of Asia Minor. Arva — virum: = through the rich cultivated lands of heroes. -784. Parta is peculiarly used of things that are virtually, though not actually realized. Cf. III. 495; VI. 89; E. III. 68. Creusae. See on I. 462. — 785. Myrmidonum — Dolopum. See on v. 7. –786. Aut. See on v. 779. Servitum. Gr. 569. A. & S. 276. I. and II.—787. Dardanis. Gr. 316. A. & S. 100. 1 (b). — 788. Genetrix; Cybele. She was one of the patronesses of Troy, being a Phrygian goddess, and worshipped on Ida. Virg. means evidently that Creusa is to become one of her attendants, passing from ordinary humanity into a half-deified state, which agrees with v. 773. — 789. Serva... amorem; i. e. continue to love. -792. Ibi = tum. Collo. Gr. 384. I. A. & S. 249. I. R. 3. — 795. Sic. Cf. I. 225. - 798. Pubem a band, company. Gr. 363. A. & S. 204. It is meant to include vaguely the whole body. -799. Parati; sc. deduci or some similar word. — 800. Velim. Gr. 486. III. A. & S. 260. II. Pelago. Gr. 414 and 4. A. & S. 247. 3 or 255. 2.—801. Jugis summae Idae; i. e. from the summit of Ida. Lucifer. The story was that Lucifer, the star of Venus, guided Aeneas to Italy. -803. Spes opis may either be hope of giving aid, or, more probably, hope of receiving it, Aeneas identifying himself with the city. THE AENEID. Book III. IN the Third Book Virgil treads yet more closely in the steps of Homer, the subject being the wanderings of Aeneas, as that of the Ninth and three following books of the Odyssey is the wanderings of Ulysses. Yet the only place in which the two lines of adventure actually touch is when they enter the country of the Cyclops; and there Virgil has skilfully contrived not to rival Homer's story, but to appropriate it, and to make Aeneas reap the fruit of Ulysses's experience without being obliged to repeat it in his own person. For his other incidents he is indebted partly to other portions of the body of heroic legend, partly to his own invention. Polydorus is from the Greek drama; the bleeding myrtle, however, may be Virgil's own, though Heyne gives the credit of it to the Cyclic poets: the adventure with the Harpies was suggested by Apollonius, who also gave hints for the predictions of Helenus and the deliverance of Achemenides other legends seem to have given the outline of the voyage, indicating the several places touched at. The mistakes made in searching for the new kingdom, the scene at Delos, the appearance of the Penates, the meeting with Andromache, seem all to be more or less original. ARGUMENT. Troy, according to the almost universal tradition, was taken in the summer. The winter of this year, which counts as the first of the seven, is spent by Aeneas in making preparations (1-7). He sails in the spring or summer of the second year (8-12), and spends the winter in Thrace, where he builds a city (13-18). The tragedy of Polydorus drives him away in the spring of the third year (19–69). He goes to Delos, and thence to Crete. Two years are supposed to be consumed in his unfortunate attempt at colonization. His stay at Actium brings him to the end of the fifth year (70-284). The sixth year is spent partly in Epirus, partly in Sicily. In the summer of the seventh he arrives at Carthage (I. 755). The remainder of the Book (285-715) embraces the incidents of the sixth year, and of the seventh up to the time of the arrival. = 1. Asiae. See on II. 557. — 2. Immeritam; i. e. undeserving such a fate. The crimes of Laomedon and Paris were the cause, not the nation in general. Visum; the same as in II. 428.-3. Humo from the ground: expressing total overthrow. Fumat. Mark the pres. as expressing continuance. Neptunia. See on II. 625. — 4. Diversa exsilia: = a remote place of exile; i. e. widely removed from Troy. Desertas: unoccupied; and so fit for settlement. CL vv. 122, 123.5. Sub ipsa = close beneath. - 6. Antandro; a city at the foot of Ida. Molimur; as in I. 424. — 7. Sistere. Gr. 549. A. & S. 269. — 8. Prima. Gr. 441. 6. A. & S. 205, R. 17. A winter has passed since the fall of Troy. — 9. Et. See on II. 172. Fatis. Gr. 384. A. & S. 223. — 10. Quum =et tum.-12. Penatibus et magnis dis. What the Penates were was an unsolved problem among the ancients themselves. Virg. classes them here with the magni Di, and elsewhere, II. 293, 296, and IX. 258 foll. with Vesta; but it is not clear in either case whether the association implies distinction or identification. All that can be said is that they were supposed to be in a peculiar sense the national gods of Troy |