The Token Economy: A Review and EvaluationAlan Kazdin Springer Science & Business Media, 06.12.2012 - 342 Seiten Applications of operant techniques in treatment and education have proliferated in recent years. Among the various techniques, the token economy has been particu larly popular. The token economy has been extended to many populations included in psychiatry, clinical psychology, education, and the mental health fields in general. Of course, merely because a technique is applied widely does not neces sarily argue for its efficacy. Yet, the token economy has been extensively re searched. The main purpose of this book is to review, elaborate, and evaluate critically research bearing on the token economy. The book examines several features of the token economy including the variables that contribute to its efficacy, the accomplishments, limitations, and potential weaknesses, and recent advances. Because the token economy literature is vast, the book encompasses programs in diverse treatment, rehabilitation, and educational settings across a wide range of populations and behaviors. Within the last few years, a small number of books on token economies have appeared. Each of these books describes a particular token economy in one treatment ,etting, details practical problems encountered, and provides suggestions for ad ministering the program. This focus is important but neglects the extensive scholarly research on token economies. The present book reviews research across diverse settings and clients. Actually, this focus is quite relevant for implementing token economies because the research reveals those aspects and treatment variations that contribute to or enhance client performance. |
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... treatment, rehabilitation,and educational settings across a wide range of populationsand behaviors. Within thelast few years, a small number of bookson token economies have appeared. Each of these books describesa particular token ...
... treatment, rehabilitation,and educational settings across a wide range of populationsand behaviors. Within thelast few years, a small number of bookson token economies have appeared. Each of these books describesa particular token ...
Seite
... treatment and rehabilitation, especially in recentyears, has generated legal rulings thatbeardirectly uponthe token economyas a treatment technique. Ethicaland legal issues, major court decisions, and procedures designedto protect ...
... treatment and rehabilitation, especially in recentyears, has generated legal rulings thatbeardirectly uponthe token economyas a treatment technique. Ethicaland legal issues, major court decisions, and procedures designedto protect ...
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... Treatment Techniques TheToken Economy versus Standard or Routine Treatment TheToken Economy versus Other Specific Treatments TheToken Economy versus Pharmacotherapy Evaluation ofthe Effects of Treatment Important Considerations in ...
... Treatment Techniques TheToken Economy versus Standard or Routine Treatment TheToken Economy versus Other Specific Treatments TheToken Economy versus Pharmacotherapy Evaluation ofthe Effects of Treatment Important Considerations in ...
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... treatment effects across stimulus or response dimensions is actually based upon the similarity of the stimulus or response conditionsto those of training. Inapplied research, investigators have rarelyshown that the spread of ...
... treatment effects across stimulus or response dimensions is actually based upon the similarity of the stimulus or response conditionsto those of training. Inapplied research, investigators have rarelyshown that the spread of ...
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Inhalt
Symptoms | |
Token Reinforcement | |
The Excelsior School System | |
Informative Feedback | |
Specification ofthe Contingencies Examples of Token Economies in Three Settings | |
Administration of Consequences | |
Aphasics | |
General Comments | |
Social Reinforcement and Interpersonal Interaction | |
Individualized Contingencies | |
Transfer of Training acrossSituations Techniques to Program Maintenance and Transfer | |
Delaying Reinforcer Delivery | |
Summary | |
Subject and Demographic Variables | |
Leveled Programs | |
Review of Token Economies I | |
Social Behaviors | |
Verbal Behavior and Language Acquisition | |
Job Performanceand Unemployment | |
Other Behaviors | |
Social Skills Adult Offenders | |
Applications with DrugAddicts | |
Comparison Techniques of the Token Economy with Other Treatment | |
Conclusion | |
OntheJob Performance | |
Evaluation ofSocial Extensions of Reinforcement Techniques | |
Right to Treatment | |
Conclusion | |
References | |
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