der offices of state, X. 55. Why es tates should not be, 99. HERSCHEL, WILLIAM, elected a mem- ber of the American Philosophical Society, VI. 569.
Hessians, recommendation of Congress, that papers be distributed among the, VIII. 185.
HEWSON, MARY, X. 256. See STE-, VENSON, MARY.
HEWSON, WILLIAM, brief notice of, VII. 151. Franklin's remarks on his proposal of marriage to Miss Steven- son, 471. His death and character, VIII. 121.
High Church Factor, anecdote of a, X. 170.
HILLSBOROUGH, Lord, his conduct re- lative to Walpole's grant, IV. 302. His view in regard to inland colonies in America, 315. Evidence of his views afforded by his conduct, 358. Brief account of his administration, 528. His plan for dissolving the American parliaments, 530. His char- acter, VII. 378. His conversations with Franklin, on the subject of paper money, 381. His plan for defence in America, 390. His opinion of the Farmer's Letters, 391. Restored to office, 411. Objects to Franklin's ap- pointment as agent for Massachusetts, 503. His character, 506. His inter- view with Franklin on the subject of that appointment, 507. Character of his measures, 529. His meeting with Franklin in Ireland and courtesy to him, 556, 564, 565. His removal, VIII. 10. Refuses to receive Frank lin, 13. His removal again mention- ed, 18. Anecdote of, 75. Hints for a Reply to the Protests of certain Members of the House of Lords against the repeal of the Stamp Act, IV. 206.
Historical Reviews of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania, cir- cumstances under which it was writ- ten, III. 106. Introduction to the, 112. Details respecting the author- ship, VII. 208.
HODGSON, WILLIAM, VIII. 415. Rec- ommended as consul in London, X. 50.
HOLDERNESSE, Lord, his letter to the governor of Pennsylvania, III. 251. Holland, benefits and disadvantages of the iron stoves used in, VI. 43. Frank- lin's tour in, VII. 229. Loan of the United States in, guarantied by the King of France, VIII.355. Her rela- tions with England, 389. Of a treaty between the United States and, 452. Her hostile demonstrations against
England, 464. Of American affairs in, 519, 522. Difficulty of procuring a loan in, IX. 19. Franklin stops the pay- ment of money in, 48, 49. Little aid to be expected from, 69. Impolicy of the large purchases made in, 102. Of the loan in, 147. Movement in, favorable to the United States, 188, 202. Cessation of arms offered by Great Britain to, 206. Her disposi tion towards the United States, 233. Difficulty respecting a loan in, 261. Russian mediation offered to, 317. Declined, 331.
HOLLIS, THOMAS, his memoirs and character, X. 21.
HOMER, his Odyssey quoted, relative to the duty of hospitality, IV. 63; and treatment of a captive enemy, 64.
Honesty, importance of, VII. 143. Honors, of ascending and descending,
Hope, remarks on, VII. 184. HOPKINS, Governor, his report on the population of Rhode Island, IV. 38. HOPKINSON, FRANCIS, his new game of cards mentioned, IX. 505. HOPKINSON, THOMAS, his discovery of the power of points to throw off the electrical fires, V. 182. Sketch of his life, VI. 87.
Horatio, Dialogue between Philocles and, concerning Virtue and Pleasure, II. 46. Second Dialogue on the same subject, 51.
Horse, value of the, in agriculture, VII. 434.
Horse-race, electrical, how contrived, V. 371.
HOSACK, DAVID, his memoir of Hugh Williamson quoted, relative to Hutch- inson's Letters, IV. 441. Hospital, Pennsylvania, Franklin's agency in founding, I. 164 - 167. Hospitals, imperfect ventilation of, VI. 315. Mention of several, 316. Par- ticulars relative to the ventilation of one in the island of Minorca, 317. Some remarks relative to, 386. Penn- sylvania referred to, VII: 314. For foundlings, X. 148, 174. HOUDETOT, Countess d', her fête in honor of Franklin, IX. 22. HouDON, his statue of Washington, X. 117. Introduced to Washington, 218. House of Commons, extracts from the journals of the, relative to Franklin's examination, IV. 161. Their resolve for a grant to the colonists, 468. And for the imposition of duties, 469. Con- ciliatory bills rejected by the, in 1780, VIII. 480. Certain resolutions of the, alluded to, IX. 170. Their address to
the King against continuing the war,
House of Lords, their address to the King on the subject of proceedings in Boston, IV. 489.
Houses, importance of their situation, as affecting health, VI. 319. On cov ering them with copper, 329. And securing them from fire, 332. Ad- vantageous construction of the French, in this respect, 333. Description of the mode of covering them with cop- per, 334.
Howe, Lord, his interview with Frank- lin, V. 29. Their conferences relative to an adjustment of the controversy be- tween Great Britain and the colonies, 30. His suggestion of a reward for Franklin, 37. Objects to Franklin's, terms of compromise, 42. Further
suggestion of reward, 68. Signifies Lord Hyde's objections to an inter- view with Franklin, 69. Breaks off the negotiation as fruitless, 77. Is appointed commissioner to effect a reconciliation with the colonies, 97. Declines to acknowledge the Ameri- can Congress, 104. Intended inter- view of Franklin, Adams, and Rut- ledge with, mentioned, VIII. 187. HowE, MRS., Franklin's game of chess with, introducing political negotia- tions, V. 8.
HOWE, SIR WILLIAM, General, is ap- pointed a British commissioner to ef fect a reconciliation with the colonies, V. 96.
HUME, DAVID, his compliment to Franklin, VI. 244. His essay on the Jealousy of Commerce noticed, VII. 210. Complains of the prejudice against his writings, VIH. 6. HUMPHREYS, DAVID, one of his poems translated by Marquis de Chastellux, X. 263.
HUNTER, Colonel, alluded to, VII. 116. Husbandry, some remarks on, VI. 113. HUTCHINS, THOMAS, his memorial, de- tailing his sufferings as a prisoner in England, VIII. 436. His services, 438. IIUTCHINSON, THOMAS, Governor, his remarks relative to the correspondence of Franklin with Governor Shirley, III. 57. His comment on one of the letters, 67. His agency in effecting the abolition of the paper currency of Massachusetts, IV. 178. His com- ment on the report of the Boston com- mittee in 1772, 381. Petition to the King for his removal, 430. His His tory quoted, 444. Hearing before the Privy Council of the petition for his removal, 447. Obtains a copy of one of Franklin's letters and forwards it
to England, 450. Convenes the As- sembly of Massachusetts at Cam- bridge, 488. Challenges that body to a controversy, relative to the su- preme power of Parliament, 495. Fur- ther account of proceedings relative to the letters, 504. His conduct as governor in 1773, VIII. 37. His speech to the Assembly of Massachu- setts and its effect, 43. Proceedings of the Assembly on receiving the letters, 50. Petition to the King for his removal, 53. His letters, 72. On the printing of them, 80, 81. Proceed- ings of the Privy Council in reference to his removal, 103. Hutchinson's Letters, account of the manner in which they were obtained and sent to Massachusetts, and of the proceedings respecting them, I. 356. IV. 405-455.
HUTTON, JAMES, account of, VIII. 230. His efforts to bring about peace, 233, 236.
HYDE, Lord, Franklin's propositions for a compromise with Great Britain, sub- mitted to, V. 28. His opinion of the propositions, 28. Objects to an inter- view with Franklin, as useless, 69. Converses with Franklin relative to compromise, 74.
Hygrometer, suggestion of a, to ascer tain the different degrees of humidity of the air of different countries, VÍ. 427. To be made of mahogany, 429. View of a, constructed by Nairne, 449. M. de Luc's, 450. Want of a good, VII. 52.
Iceland, economy of fuel, in, VI. 539. Impressment of Seamen, Judge Foster's argument in favor of, examined, II. 331.
Inconveniences, in all situations in life, VIII. 419.
Independence, American, I. 373, 380. Declaration of, 406. Admitted as the basis of a treaty of peace, IX. 267. To be acknowledged before commenc- ing to treat, 305. Mr. Jay's view of the proper mode of acknowledging, 377; Dr. Franklin's, 389. Not to be admitted, except as an article in a treaty, 403. Mr. Oswald's instruc- tions on the subject, 407. Independent Chronicle, humorous Sup- plement to the Boston, V. 125. Indian Corn, Observations on, II. 103. Indian Goods, law of New York to prevent supplying the French with, VII. 79.
Indian Language, remarks upon, IX. 28.
Indian Trade, on the power given by the plan of union relative to, III. 46. Bill respecting, passed by the Assem- bly of Pennsylvania, 431. Not ap- proved by the governor, 456. To be regarded solely as a British interest, 189. Remarks relative to, 203. Mode in which it is carried on, 204. Regu- lation of, VII. 81.
Indian Vocabularies desired by the Em- press of Russia, X. 248. Procured by Franklin, 299.
Indians, remarks concerning the North American and their mode of life, II. 453. Their indifference to learning, 454. Mode of conducting their coun- cils, 455. Their courtesy of demean- or, illustrated by an anecdote, 456. Their hospitality, 458. Dangers to be apprehended from the, in Pennsyl vania, III. 8. Conduct of those in the French interest, IV. 7. Their habits of life, 12. Remarks on the injustice with which they are treated, 62. Their honorable feeling, 68. Their condition in Pennsylvania, 75. Plan for the future conduct of affairs with the, 201. True policy of Great Britain with respect to the, 318. Pro- ceedings relating to the establishment of a boundary line between the prov- inces and the, 341. Difficulty of in- structing them in the arts of life, VI. 67. Mode of supplying the, 78. Conference with the, at Easton, 125. Massacre of the, 293. Of the bound- ary line of the, 395. Proposal to aban- don the posts in the country of the, 396. Industry, more beneficial to trade than money, II. 392.
Infection, long retention of, in dead bodies after burial, VI. 433. Various instances of this, 434.
Information to those who would remove to America, II. 467.
INGENHOUSZ, JOHN, his Queries on Electricity, and Franklin's Answers, V. 462. Some account of, VI. 406. Franklin's view of his philosophical character, 439. His experiment for burning wire, 448. His vindication of pointed conductors alluded to, VIII. 227. His experiments mentioned, 395. His discovery of the utility of leaves in purifying the air, 432. Invited by Franklin to accompany him to the United States, X. 164. His commer- cial disasters, 333.
Inland Colonies in America, true poli- cy of Great Britain in regard to, IV. 307. Lord Hillsborough's views re- specting, 315. Those of Governor Wright, 319. Their tendency to in- crease emigration, 322.
Inoculation, of the deaths in Boston by, VI. 118; and in Philadelphia, 120. Insects, benefits arising from the study of, VI. 223.
Instruction in Colleges, remarks on, VII. 44.
Insurance of lottery tickets, VII. 32. Interest of Great Britain considered, with Regard to her Colonies, and the Acquisition of Canada and Guada- loupe, circumstances under which it was written, IV. 1.
Interest, rate of, how affected by the scarcity of money, II. 255. Introduction to the Art of Thinking, Lord Kames's, VII. 231. Invention, on the spirit of, V. 354. Ireland, condition of the poor in, VII. 553. Franklin's Tour in, 554. Of the Parliament of, and their reception of Franklin, 558, 565. Projected un- ion of, with Great Britain, VIII. 84. Of emigration from, to America, 364. Whether or not to be included in the treaty of commerce with Great Brit- ain, X. 21. Of manufactures in, 161. Iron, no injurious vapor arises from heated, Desaguliers's experiment in proof of this, VI. 57.
IZARD, RALPH, noticed, his dissatisfac tion with Franklin, VIII. 230. Mr Pringle's interview with Franklin, on the subject, 250. His complaint of Franklin relative to pecuniary mat- ters, 358, 369.
JACKSON, RICHARD, his letter, contain ing remarks on Franklin's Observa tions on Population, II. 321.
JACKSON, WILLIAM, his public employ- ment, IX. 47. Acknowledges the judgment of Franklin, in stopping the payment of money in Holland. His controversy with Commodore Gil- lon, 54.
JACKSON, parody of his speech in favor of Slavery, II. 517.
Jamaica, account of a great earthquake in, VI. 11.
JAMES, ABEL, urges Franklin to write his memoirs, IX. 479. JAMES THE FIRST, his policy in regard to libel, II. 289. Jars, Electrical, on the mode of coat- ing, V. 299.
JAY, JOHN, appointed minister to Spain, VIII. 469. His testimonial respecting Franklin's public conduct, IX. 5, 43. Is appointed one of the commissioners for negotiating peace, 82. His con- versation with Mr. Oswald relative to negotiating, 377. His view of the
proper mode of acknowledging inde- pendence, 377. Answers the charge brought against Franklin, respecting his conduct in regard to the fisheries, X. 8. Is appointed Secretary of For- eign Affairs, 103, 169.
JEANNOT, the actor, mentioned, VIII. 432.
JEBB, JOHN, his plan of a federal un- ion between the United States and Great Britain, VIII. 508. JEFFERSON, THOMAS, is appointed a commissioner to procure an alliance with France, but declines, VIII. 190. Declines the appointment as a com- missioner for negotiating peace, 1X.`` 82. Is appointed a commissioner to negotiate treaties of commerce in Eu- rope, 102. His Notes on Virginia, X. 317.
JEFFRIES, JOHN, his account of an as- cent in balloon, alluded to, X. 243. JENYNS, SOAME, anecdote of, VII. 356. Jews, Comparison of the Conduct of the ancient, with that of the Anti- federalists, V. 158.
JOHNSON, SAMUEL, his Noëtica and Ethica noticed, his character, VI. 125. Notice of, VII. 47.
JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM, his treaty with the Six Nations laid before the Assem- bly of Pennsylvania, III. 471. His speech to the Six Nations relative to a cession of land, IV. 341. His death mentioned, VIII. 131. JOHNSON, WILLIAM S., his account of the effect of the Boston non-importa- tion resolutions, VII. 376. His allu- sion to the character of Lord Hills-
borough, 378. His account of the reception in England, of the news of riots in Boston, 418; and of the neglect of petitions of the colonies, 439; and of the proceedings of Par- liament on the revenue act, 466. JOHNSTONE, Governor, British commis- sioner, his assertion in regard to Frank- lin denied, VIII. 302, 443. JONES, JOHN PAUL, supposed letter from Sir Joseph Yorke to, V. 131. Anecdote of, 136. His conduct in regard to the Countess of Selkirk, VIII. 273. Command of a ship pro- posed to, by Franklin, 274. Instruc- tions to, respecting the command of a frigate, 275. Expedition proposed to, by Franklin, 337. Instructions to, 3:39. Plan for employing, 351. His activity in destroying British com- merce, 390. Allusion to his action with the Serapis, 393, 396. His con- duct on the British Coast, 399, 402. His quarrel with Captain Landais, 425. Recommended to the President
of Congress, 465. His quarrel with Landais, 483, 484. Account of his squadron, IX. 7. Leaves the service of Russia, X. 419.
JONES, SIR WILLIAM, his intended ne- gotiation with Franklin, VIII. 365. His plan of visiting America, 367. His Fragment of Polybius, given at length, 543. His appointment as a judge in Bengal, IX. 500. Journal of the Negotiation for Peace with Great Britain, Franklin's, IX. 238. Judges, on a proposition relating to the independence of, in the colonies, V. 22.
Junto, a' club established by Franklin, its members described, I. 81. Is ex tended, 129. Account of the, II. 9. Proposals and Queries for the consid- eration of the, 551. Song written by Franklin for the, VII. 92. Concern- ing some members of the, 180. Fur- ther allusion to the, 223. Song writ- ten for the, by Franklin, 224. Remark relating to the, 301.
KALM, PETER, VI. 110. Again, VII. 37. His effort to prove that America was discovered before Columbus, VIII. 69.
KAMES, Lord, his Elements of Criti cism, alluded to, VI. 263. Notice of, VII. 187. Concerning the por- trait of Penn in his possession, 189. His Principles of Equity mentioned, 197. His Introduction to the Art of Thinking, 231. His Elements noticed, 241. His views relating to a conso- lidating union between the colonies and Great Britain, 334.
KEIMER, THOMAS, I. 35. His eccen- tricities, 47. Franklin engages in business with him, 69. Their separa- tion, 72. His rivalry of Franklin, in the publication of a newspaper, II.
KEITH, SIR WILLIAM, Governor of Pennsylvania, advises Franklin to set up in Philadelphia, I. 38, 45. Frank lin, by his advice, visits England, 52. His wanton deception of Franklin, 55. Enters upon the government of Pennsylvania, III. 187. His admin- istration, 188. Dismisses Logan from the office of Secretary, 189. ceives orders from England to rein- state him, 190. His controversy with Lloyd, Speaker of the Assembly, 191. Retires from office, 192. KEMPEL, his automaton chess-player, X. 23.
King of France. See France.
King of Great Britain, his power over naval and military forces throughout his dominions, IV. 277. Limitations of his power, 278. Several of his dominions not subject to Parliament, 230. His rents in North America, 380. He, not the Parliament, the bond of union between Britain and the colonies, 408. Petition to, for the removal of Hutchinson and Oliver, 430. Massachusetts petition to the, VIII. 22. Presented to, by Lord Dartmouth, 47. Massachusetts peti- tion for the removal of the governors presented to, 100. His reception of the petition of Congress, X. 433. KINNERSLEY, EBENEZER, Communi- cates to Franklin a discovery of the various kinds of electricity, excited by rubbing glass and sulphur, V. 177. His character as a lecturer, 257. No- tice of his electrical experiments, VI. 256.
KIPPIS, ANDREW, his Life of Captain Cook cited, I. 456. V. 122.
Kite, Electrical, Franklin's experiment with the, V. 174. Other similar ex- periments with the, 295. Quantities of lightning brought down by that of M. de Romas, 437.
Knobs, value of, as conductors, com- pared with points, V. 393. Their in- feriority, 441.
KOTKOUSKI, Count de, recommended to Washington, VIII. 220.
Labor, the true measure of value, II. 265. Importance of applying it to useful purposes, 450. Its utility, X.
Laboring Poor, superiority of the con- dition of the American, to that of those of other countries, II. 367. Labrador, of the Moravian mission in, VIII. 496.
LAFAYETTE, introduced to Franklin by Dr. Cooper, VIII. 305. His uniting in an expedition with Paul Jones sug gested, 337. The expedition defeated, 338. Sword presented to, by Con- gress, 330. Its reception acknowl- His return to the United States, 429. His reception in Paris in 1782, IX. 172. Suggests his desire of a mission to London, 276. Inter- est taken by him in the commercial relations between France and the Uni- ted States, X. 46. His services to the United States in Europe, 102. His reception in America in 1784, 135. His account of a tour in Germany, 247.
LANDAIS, Captain, his misconduct dur ing the action with the Serapis, and proceedings in consequence, VIII. 397. His quarrel with Commodore Jones, 425, 483, 484. His mutinous conduct and insanity, 485. LANDRIANI, Professor, his work on the utility of electrical conductors, no- ticed, V. 482.
Languages, learned, inexpediency of instructing children generally in the, II. 159. Extent to which they should be pursued, VII. 46. Defects of the usual method of teaching, X. 91. LA ROCHE, Abbé de, Poem on Hap- piness addressed to, II. 220. LATHROP, JOHN, X. 347. LATOUCHE, Captain, his services as commander of a frigate in America, VIII. 456.
LAUD, Archbishop, inefficacy of his attempts to prevent the emigration of the Puritans, IV. 462.
LAURENS, HENRY, application of Frank- lin to Sir Grey Cooper respecting, VIII. 514. His treatment as a prison- er in the Tower, 517, 522. His mis- sion, 527. His merit, IX. 31. Is ap-. pointed a commissioner for negotiating peace, 82. Of the exchange of Bur- goyne for, 84. Provision for his re- lief in the Tower, 105, 115. Burke's opinion of him, 170. Re- commends Mr. Oswald to Dr. Frank- lin, 241. His conversation with Mr. Adams respecting the views of the British ministers and the basis of peace, 256. Of the exchange of Lord Cornwallis for, 263, 292, 319. Declines acting as a commissioner for negotiat- ing peace, 287.
LAURENS, JOHN, suggests the appoint- ment of a Secretary of Legation in France, IX. 43.
LAVOISIER, his experiments respecting heat, IX. 228, 235. His Nomenclature Chimique, X. 362.
Lead, danger of using, in distilleries,
VI. 279. Its effects on the human constitution, 564.
Leather, suggestion of the expediency of using a globe of, for electrical ex periments, when travelling, V. 2-2. Lecture on the Providence of God in the Government of the World, II. 525. LEE, ARTHUR, his account of Frank- lin's demeanor before the Privy Coun cil, IV. 452. His hostility to Frank lin shown by portions of his corre- spondence, VIII. 57. 'Is appointed a commissioner of the United States to procure an alliance with France, 190. His reception in Spain, 205. His conduct in regard to the commission-
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