rotate among the three components. The President and the Secretary would communicate directly with the three commanders.

(f) It was recommended that the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee be continued, and that following reorganization of the armed forces military research be coordinated under one agency, and a Government-wide intelligence service be established.

6. The Thomas-Hill-Austin bill (S. 2044, 79th Cong., 2nd sess.)

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(a) There would be a single Department of Common Defense, headed by a civilian Secretary. The War and Navy Departments would be abolished. The Department of Common Defense would have a civilian Under Secretary and a civilian Secretary, without Cabinet status, for each of the three components— Army, Navy, and Air Force.

(b) Four Assistant Secretaries, under the Secretary, would supervise and coordinate scientific research and development; intelligence activities; procurement, logistics, industrial mobilization, and hospitalization; and educational and training activities.

(c) A Chief of Staff of Common Defense would act as the Secretary's chief military adviser, and would also act as chief military adviser of the President. The appointment would be rotated. The Chief of Staff would have a small staff. (d) A Chief of Staff of Common Defense and the commanding officers of the three components would constitute a Joint Staff of the Department. The Joint Staff would make recommendations to the President through the Secretary on military policy, strategy, and budgetary requirements. The Secretary could attach his comment on these recommendations. Any one of the three commanding officers could report to the President after consideration by the Joint Staff, through the Secretary, who could add his comment to those of the Joint Staff.

(e) The President would be authorized to reorganize the Department and its military components under the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1945, with the proviso that no component could be abolished.

(f) A Council of Common Defense would be set up as an independent agency, to coordinate foreign and military policy. It would be headed by the Secretary of State and would include the Secretary of Common Defense and the Chairman of the National Security Resources Board. It would have a permanent secretariat with an executive secretary.

(g) There would also be a National Security Resources Board for industrial and civilian mobilization planning. This Board would be under the authority of the Council of Common Defense.

(h) A Central Intelligence Agency, operating as an agency of the Council of Common Defense, would compile, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate information gathered by civilian and military agencies.

7. President Truman's second plan▪

This plan contained 12 points. Eight represented agreement between the War and Navy Departments. On 4 there was disagreement. (a, b, c, and d below.)

(a) There would be a single Department of National Defense with a civilian Secretary. Each of the three services would have a civilian Secretary, who would not have a seat in the Cabinet. The civilian Secretaries would be members of the Council of Common Defense. (The Navy Department opposed a single Department.)

(b) The three services-Army, Navy, and Air Forces-would have parity. (The Navy Department preferred to preserve the two-department arrangements.) (c) The Navy would retain some naval aviation, but not as much as it wanted. (d) The Marine Corps would remain in the Navy with its mission intact. (The War Department position would have reduced its mission.)

On the remaining eight points there was agreement.

(e) A Council of National Defense, consisting of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of National Defense, the civilian Secretaries of the three military services, and the Chairman of the National Security Resources Board, would integrate foreign and military policies.

As reported out by the Senate Military Affairs Committee, May 13, 1946. See S. Rept. No. 1328, 79th Cong., 2d sess., which accompanied S. 2044. Substantial amendments were proposed following the President's recommendations of June 15. See committee print of June 26, 1946.

See letter from President Truman to Senators Thomas and Walsh, and Representatives May and Vinson, June 15, 1946.

(f) A National Security Resources Board, under the Council of National Defense, would establish and keep up to date policies and programs for the use of the Nation's resources in support of our national security. It would be composed of representatives of the military services and other appropriate agencies. (g) The Joint Chiefs of Staff would formulate strategic plans, assign logistic responsibilities to the Services, integrate military programs, and make recommendations on budgetary matters. It would be the highest source of military advice.

(h) There would be no single military Chief of Staff. (The War Department agreed to drop this feature.)

(i) A Central Intelligence Agency, under the Council of National Defense, would compile, analyze, and evaluate information gathered by military and civilian agencies.

(j, k, l) Agencies would be established to coordinate military supply and procurement, scientific research and development in the military services, and military education and training.

8. Draft of proposed bill submitted by the President, February 26, 1947

(a) A National Defense Establishment would be created headed by a civilian Secretary of National Defense. The Establishment would consist of the Departments of the Navy, Army, (instead of War) and Air Force, together with all other agencies created within the establishment. The Secretary of National Defense would establish policies and programs for the establishment and for the departments and agencies therein; exercise authority and control over such agencies; and formulate and finally determine the budget estimates and control the budget program.

(b) The Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, under the direction of the Secretary of National Defense, would be administered as individual units by their respective Secretaries. The Secretary of any one of the three Departments would be permitted to present to the President any report or recommendation relating to his Department, after so informing the Secretary of National Defense.

(c) The Secretary of National Defense wou'd be authorized to appoint not more than four special civilian asistants, and such other civilian personnel as might be required to perform the functions of the National Defense Establishment. He would be specifically prohibited from establishing a military staff, but officers of the Army, Navy, and Air Force could be detailed to him as assistants and personal aids.

(d) A Department of the Air Force would be created, containing the United States Air Force. Transferred to the United States Air Force would be the Army Air Forces; the Air Corps, United States Army; and the General Headquarters Air Force (Air Force Combat Command).

ment.

(e) A War Council would be set up within the National Defense EstablishIt would be composed of the four Secretaries, and the Chiefs of Staff of the three Departments (Chief of Naval Operations in the case of the Navy). The Secretary of National Defense would have power of decision. The Council would advise the Secretary of National Defense on matters of broad policy.

(f) The Joint Chiefs of Staff, consisting of the Chiefs of Staff of the three Departments and the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, if any, would be established within the Defense Establishment. Subject to the authority and direction of the President and the Secretary of National Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff would prepare strategic plans and provide strategic direction; prepare logistic plans; establish unified area commands when needed; formulate policies for joint training; review material and personnel requirements of the military forces; provide United States representation on the Military Staff Committee of the United Nations; and act as military advisers to the President and the Secretary of National Defense. Under the Joint Chiefs of Staff would be a Joint Staff of not more than 100 officers, composed of approximately equal numbers of officers from the Army, Navy, and air forces.

(g) A Munitions Board, composed of a civilian Chairman appointed by the Secretary of National Defense and an Under Secretary or Assistant Secretary from each of the three military departments, would provide coordination within the Establishment with regard to various aspects of procurement, production, distribution, and other industrial and service functions.

(h) A Research and Development Board would be set up in the Defense Establishment to coordinate research activities within the Establishment and advise the Secretary of National Defense on matters of research.

(i) Outside the National Defense Establishment would be established a National Security Council, and under it a Central Intelligence Agency. There would be also established a National Security Resources Board. These agencies would coordinate military and civilian policies, programs, and plans in their respective fields. (See the Eberstadt recommendations and later proposals.) (A copy of bill S. 758 is as follows:)

[S. 758, 80th Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To promote the national security by providing for a National Defense Establishment, which shall be administered by a Secretary of National Defense, and for a Department of the Army, a Department of the Navy, and a Department of the Air Force within the National Defense Establishment, and for the coordination of the activities of the National Defense Establishment with other departments and agencies of the Government concerned with the national security

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SHORT TITLE

That this Act may be cited as the "National Security Act of 1947".

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE I-THE NATIONAL DEFENSE ESTABLISHMENT

Sec. 101. Establishment of the National Defense Establishment.

Sec. 102. Secretary of National Defense.

Sec. 103. Military Assistants to the Secretary.

Sec. 104. Civilian personnel.

Sec. 105. Department of the Army.

Sec. 106. Department of the Navy.

Sec. 107. Department of the Air Force.

Sec. 108. United States Air Force.

Sec. 109. Effective date of transfers.

Sec. 110. War Council.

Sec. 111. Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Sec. 112. Joint Staff.

Sec. 113. Munitions Board.

Sec. 114. Research and Development Board.

TITLE II-COORDINATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

Sec. 201. National Security Council.

Sec. 202. Central Intelligence Agency.

Sec. 203. National Security Resources Board.

TITLE III-MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 301. Succession to the Presidency.

Sec. 302. Compensation of Secretaries.

Sec. 303. Under Secretaries and Assistant Secretaries.

Sec. 304. Advisory committees and personnel.

Sec. 305. Status of transferred civilian personnel.

Sec. 306. Saving provisions.

Sec. 307. Transfer of funds.

Sec. 308. Authorization for appropriations.

Sec. 309. Definition.

Sec. 310. Separability.

TITLE I-THE NATIONAL DEFENSE ESTABLISHMENT

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE ESTABLISHMENT

SEC. 101. (a) There is hereby established the National Defense Establishment, and a Secretary of National Defense, who shall be the head thereof.

(b) The National Defense Establishment shall consist of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force,

together with all other agencies created within the National Defense Establishment.

SECRETARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE

SEC. 102. (a) The Secretary of National Defense shall be appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Under the direction of the President, he shall establish policies and programs for the National Defense Establishment and for the departments and agencies therein; he shall exercise direction, authority, and control over such departments and agencies; he shall supervise and coordinate the preparation of budget estimates by the departments and agencies of the National Defense Establishment, which shall be submitted to him at such time and in such manner as he may direct; he shall formulate and finally determine the budget estimates of the National Defense Establishment for submittal to the Bureau of the Budget; and he shall supervise and control the budget program of the National Defense Establishment under the applicable appropriation Acts: Provided, That the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force, under the direction of the Secretary of National Defense, shall be administered as individual units by their respective Secretaries: And provided further, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the Secretary of any such department from presenting to the President, after first so informing the Secretary of National Defense, any report or recommendation relating to his department which he may deem necessary.

(b) The Secretary of National Defense shall submit annual written reports to the President and the Congress covering expenditures, work, and accomplishments of the National Defense Establishment, together with such recommendations as he shall deem appropriate.

(c) The Secretary of National Defense shall cause a seal of office to be made for the National Defense Establishment, of such design as the President shall approve, and judicial notice shall be taken thereof.

MILITARY ASSISTANTS TO THE SECRETARY

SEC. 103. Officers of the Army, Navy, and Air Force may be detailed to duty as assistants and personal aides to the Secretary of National Defense, but he shall not establish a military staff.

CIVILIAN PERSONNEL

SEC. 104. (a) The Secretary of National Defense is authorized to appoint from civilian life not to exceed four special assistants to advise and assist him in the performance of his duties. Each such special assistant shall receive compensation at the rate of $12,000 a year.

(b) The Secretary of National Defense is authorized, subject to the civilservice laws and the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, to appoint and fix the compensation of such other civilian personnel as may be necessary for the performance of the functions of the National Defense Establishment.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

SEC. 105. (a) The Department of War shall hereafter be known as the Department of the Army, and the title of the Secretary of War shall be changed to Secretary of the Army. Changes shall be made in the titles of other officers and activities of the Department of the Army as the Secretary of the Army may determine.

(b) All laws, orders, regulations, and other actions relating to the Department of War or to any officer or activity whose title is changed under this section shall, insofar as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, be deemed to relate to the Department of the Army within the National Defense Establishment or to such officer or activity designated by his or its new title.

(c) The term "Department of the Army" as used in this Act shall be construed to mean the Department of the Army at the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Department of the Army.

60266-47-pt. 1-2

(d) The Secretary of the Army shall cause a seal of office to be made for the Department of the Army, of such design as the President may approve, and judicial notice shall be taken thereof.

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

SEC. 106. (a) The term "Department of the Navy" as used in this Act shall be construed to mean the Department of the Navy at the seat of government; the headquarters, United States Marine Corps; the entire operating forces of the United States Navy (including naval aviation) and of the United States Marine Corps, including the Reserve components of such forces; all field activities of the Department of the Navy; and the United States Coast Guard when operating as a part of the Navy pursuant to law.

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

SEC. 107. (a) Within the National Defense Establishment there is hereby established an executive department to be known as the Department of the Air Force, and a Secretary of the Air Force, who shall be the head thereof. The Secretary of the Air Force shall be appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(b) Section 158 of the Revised Statutes is amended to include the Department of the Air Force and the provisions of so much of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended as is not inconsistent with this Act, shall be applicable to the Department of the Air Force.

(c) The term "Department of the Air Force" as used in this Act shall be construed to mean the Department of the Air Force at the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Department of the Air Force.

(d) There shall be in the Department of the Air Force an Under Secretary of the Air Force and two Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force, who shall be appointed from civilian life by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(e) The several officers of the Department of the Air Force shall perform such functions as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe.

(f) So much of the functions of the Secretary of the Army and of the Department of the Army, including those of any officer of such Department, as are assigned to or under the control of the Commanding General, Army Air Forces, or as are deemed by the Secretary of National Defense to be necessary or desirable for the operations of the Department of the Air Force of the United States Air Force, shall be transferred to and vested in the Secretary of the Air Force and the Department of the Air Force: Provided, That, in order to permit an orderly transfer, the Secretary of National Defense may direct that the Department of the Army shall continue for appropriate periods to exercise any of such functions, insofar as they relate to the Department of the Air Force, or the United States Air Force or their property and personnel. Such of the property, personnel, and records of the Department of the Army used in the exercise of functions transferred under this subsection as the Secretary of National Defense shall determine shall be transferred or assigned to the Department of the Air Force.

(g) The Secretary of the Air Force shall cause a seal of office to be made for the Department of the Air Force, of such device as the President shall approve, and judicial notice shall be taken thereof.

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

SEC. 108. (a) The United States Air Force is hereby established under the Department of the Air Force. The Army Air Forces, the Air Corps, United States Army, and the General Headquarters Air Force (Air Force Combat Command), shall be transferred to the United States Air Force.

(b) There shall be a Chief of Staff, United States Air Force, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of four years from among the officers of general rank who are assigned to or commissioned in the United States Air Force. Under the direction of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Chief of Staff, United States Air Force, shall exercise command over the United States Air Force and shall be charged with