ment in which they have no representatives? In answer to the firft queftion, It is admitted they are intitled to all the privileges of British subjects. In answer to the fecond, If the members of the Houfe of Commons are, as the objector furely means to fignify, the reprefentatives only of thofe by whom they are elected, it is not the privilege of all British subjects, that they are not taxable but by their reprefentatives. This is the privilege of those only who are in a certain way qualified. It is not above one in twenty of the people of England, or above one in a hundred of the people of Scotland, who have a voice in the election of members of parliament. But if the members reprefent alfo thofe who are not their electors, and have no power, no influence whatever, in electing them, it will be impoffible to affign a good reason why they may not be denominated the reprefentatives of all the fubjects in America, as well as in Britain. This leads directly to the third que tion: If, as has been computed, there be at least between fix and seven millions of people in G. Britain, who are taxed by a parliament in which they are not reprefented, it can be deemed neither unreasonable nor unconftitutional that there fhould be about two millions in America in the fame fituation. It would be uncandid not to admit, that there is fome difference in the cafes. The members of the House of Commons in almost every tax they lay on their British fubjects, tax themselves in proportion. The cafe is different in regard to their fellow-fubjects in America. But this is an inequality that neceffarily refults from the difference of fituation, and is, befides, more than counterbalanced by fome motives and difficulties that will ever effectually prevent the legislature from going the fame lengths in taxing the American fubjects which it may fafely go in taxing Britons. But it is notorious, that the former have declared against every method that has yet been devifed for removing this capital objection, the only one of confequence in the caufe. The fimpleft method would doubtlefs be, to allow them a certain number of reprefentatives in the Houfe of Commons. Against this propofal they have always loudly and vehemently exclaimed [xxxvi. 689.]. Do they favour, what has also been fuggefted in this controverfy, that a particular and moderate rate fhould be fixed, according to which the taxes laid on them should uniformly bear a certain proportion to thofe imposed on Great Britain ? To this they have given no better reception than to the other [xxxviii.146.]. Yet this would effectually remove the grand difficulty, that the parliament, by loading the Americans, would eafe themselves. In this cafe, on the contrary, no burden could be brought on them, but when a proportionably greater is laid on the Britifh fubject. Have they then propofed any method themselves for removing this obftacle, this great stumbling-block? Nothing that I know of, but a total immunity, or, what is equivalent, to be left to do as they pleafe. This, and only this, will content them. The fum-total of all their proposals to their British fellow-fubjects, before they formally renounced their allegiance, was neither more nor less than this. "We will do your king the honour to acknowledge him for our king; we will never refufe to pay him that compliment, provided no more than compliment is understood by it. Judicial proceedings fhall be in his name, and his name (which will ferve as well as any o ther name) shall stand at the head of our proclamations. Nay, he shall nominate to certain offices amongst us, provided it be in our power to feed or starve the officers, or at leaft to permit them to act, or tie up their hands, as we happen to like or dislike their conduct. Though we are not fatisfied with the reasonablenefs of the thing, we fhall, for the prefent, fubmit to the restraints laid on our trade by the act of navigation, provided we have none of your military to guard the execution of that act; and provided further, that when any of our merchants are accused of fmuggling, their caufe be tried by a jury of fmugglers; or if any of our people be charged with fedition and riot, they be tried by a jury of the mob; for this, we think, is in the true fpirit of trial by jury, which is, that a man be tried by his peers. We do not mean, however, that this privilege fhall extend in the fame manner to your cuftom-houfe officers, and other dependents of the crown; who, if they fhould be fent hither, and be accufed of any crime, fhall be tried by a jury too, not indeed of cuftomhoufe-officers, but of E2 our our liberty-men; that is, our rioters and contraband traders, with their patrons and abettors." And who can doubt that they are fit depofitaries of the lives and properties of revenue-officers and foldiers? "We will not be fo difrespectful (however little we value it) as to decline participating in all the privileges of British fubjects, inheritance, fucceffion, offices, honours and digni ties amongst you, equally with the natives of Great Britain. Further, we will allow your nation the honour, not only of being at the principal charge in fupporting the internal government of our provinces, but also of protecting us at your own expence, defenfively and offenfively, against all our enemies, real or imaginary, by fea and land, whenever we fhall think proper to raise a clamour; and we will in return agree to give you". How much? - Juft whatever we please, and, if we pleafe, nothing at all.". A moft extraordinary covenant, wherein all the obligations are on one fide, and every thing is difcretionary on the other." LONDON. Religion, Morality, Controversy, &c. Sermons preached at Lincoln's inn, be tween the years 1765 and 1776: with a large difcourfe on Chrift's driving the merchants out of the temple; in which the na ture and end of that famous tranfaction is explained. By Richard Hurd, D. D. Lord Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry. 5 5. boards. Cadell. These fermons are not of the popular kind; they are more addreffed to the understanding than to the heart and the affections. Those who expect to have their tafte for novelty gratified, or to fee points of curious fpeculation difcuffed with critical accuracy and precifion, will be difappointed in the perufal of them: for the preacher has too juft an idea of the end of his office, and the decorum of his profeffional character, to make, from the pulpit, an oftentatious difplay of critical acutenefs, eloquence, or erudition. But thofe who are defirous of having their understandings enlightened, and who, confidering religion as a reasonable service, as their bright eft ornament in profperity, and their firmeft fupport in adverfity, wifh to be confirmed and established in their belief of the great principles of it, will be pleased with the many judicious and pertinent obfervations which his Lordship has made, upon fubjects that relate to their higheft interefts. M. The duty of fecret prayer, proved, opeu the religious obfervation of the Lord's day, The nature, neceflity, and advantage of illuftrated and enforced, in a fermon, preached for the encouragement of a fociety uniting for the fuppreffion of the profanation of the Lord's day. By C. de Coetlogon, M. A. 6d. Matthews.There is an air of piety and devotion in the difcourfes of Mr de Coetlogon, and other divines belonging to the Lock, which is laudable. would a prudent or a modest preacher, thoroughly fenfible of his own ignorance and imperfections, exprefs himself in this lanwith the Holy Ghoft fent down from above; May I be enabled to preach which we hope to deliver, be accompanied and may the words of truth and foberness, with the demonstration of the Spirit, and guage e? But with the power of God." Is this piety, or is it prefumption? C. A fhort effay on Revelations i. 10. fhewing the Lord's day means the real and perpetual fabbath. By Henry Dawson, Minifter of the Gospel. 2 d. Brown-An attempt to prove, that the feventh day of the week, and not the first, is "the unchange. able fabbath of Jefus Chrift.". No appearance of critical learning in this production. C. The preceptor; or, Counsellor of Human Life, for the ufe of British youth. Containing felect pieces in natural and moral philofophy, hiftory, and eloquence; the lives of Sir Ifaac Newton, Rollin, Demofthenes, and Milton; alfo fhort sketches of the birth and death of fome of the most illuftrious men in all ages. Compiled by John Ryland, A. M. 3 s. fewed. Dilly. Though we have feen more judicious collections, yet we think young pertons may draw confiderable advantage from an attentive perufal of this. M. 25. Letters on female education, addressed to a married lady. By Mrs Cartwright. Dilly. Thefe letters have as much originality in them as we generally find in compofitions of this nature. At least they difcover the indications of a rational underftanding, and a good heart. C. Lettre de Monf. Defenfans à Madame Montagu. 1 5. Elmfley. This little piece contains a fpirited defence of M. Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambray, against the obloquy of Lord Chesterfield, who, in one of his letters, accufes him as an hypocrite in religion religion and morals, and a pander, or, in the groffness of his own phrafe, a pimp for Lewis XIV from a letter of his to Madame de Maintenon, upon her having required his advice and affiftance with regard to fome difficulties the had proposed for his confide ration, relative to the King, after their clandeftine marriage. M. Defenfans has fufficiently fhewn the difingenuousness of his Lordship's arguments, and the futility of his reafonings upon this fubject; and has alfo, throughout the letter, manifested an honeft warmth and virtuous refentment a gainst fo unwarrantable and unprovoked a candal, charged upon the memory of a man, who lived in reputation, died in cha racter, and will ever furvive in fame. C. A letter from Monf. Defenfans to Mrs Montagu. Tranflated by Mrs Griffith. I s. Cadell. Not a mere literal translation, but rather a paraphrafe on the French letter, the style of which is improved, the metaphors corrected, and the fentiments brought forth and explained to advantage. C. the enthufiaftic profecution of impolitic and unfuccefsful measures, with which it was diftinguished. Uniting in his character a fuperftitious veneration of the Papal power, to an infatiable ambition, and a heart appaiently devoid of every sentiment of humanity, he carried with him to the throne a difpofition, not only to be actuated by the moft contemptible weakness, but to perpetrate the most atrocious crimes in the purfuit of his favourite objects.-This inglorious period of the Spanish hiftory has of late been frequently compared with the prefent fitua tion of Britain, in refpect of the dispute with her colonies; but in truth never were two cafes more diffimilar and oppofite in their nature to each other. The revolt of the Netherlands was originally produced by a flagrant violation of the religious liberty of the fubjects; and was not, at firft, immediately connected with any principle of civil concern. Every temporal right of the inhabitants was doubtless afterwards infringed, but in open defiance, as well of the laws and Letters on the worship of Chrift, addref- conftitution of the states, as of the most obfed to the Rev. George Horne, D. D. Pre- vious dictates of humanity and political wiffident of St Mary, Magdalen college, Ox dom. The tyrannical and oppreffive goford [1xxviii. 445.]. By Theofebes. vernment exercifed by Spain at this period Jabafon. One of the greateft difficulties over the people in the Netherlands, is, in attending the Unitarian scheme is, to explain fact, without example in the history of any thofe paffages of the New Teftament which other country; much lefs had it the smallelt feem to favour the worship of Chrift; and fimilarity to any epoch of the British admito determine, from them, whether no reli- niftration fince the acceflion of King Wil gious adoration at all is to be paid him, or liam.-This work commences with the birth whether we are authorised to render him a of Philip II. which happened, at Valladofubordinate worship. As this is a matter on lid, May 21. 1527; and the author juftly which the Trinitarians much affect to triumph, imputes feveral of the striking features which we have expreffed our with that it were more characterised that monarch, to the education diftinctly treated of by the oppofers of the he had received under the bigotted ecclefiafupreme divinity of our Lord. Such a dif- ftics of thofe times. At an early age, he was tinct confideration of the fubject is prefent- remarkable for the extraordinary reserve of ed by the able writer before us, in answer his temper, and behaviour, which he every to a fermon preached by Dr Horne before where manifested in his vifit to the Low the univerfity of Oxford, May 14. 1775, in Countries, as well as during his refidence in which he has collected and difplayed, with England after his marriage with Q. Mary. peculiar concifenefs and energy, the argu- Dr Watfon has, in general, made the most ments from fcripture, and a few of the early judicious ufe of the contradictory historians Fathers, in favour of the religious adoration of this period; and while he discovers that of our bleffed Saviour. M. liberal attachment to the cause of freedom, which ought to animate every writer, he neither juftifies the extravagancies into which its abettors were precipitated, nor uncandidly cenfures all the meafuers of its opponents with indifcriminating severity. C. A fhort fcriptural explication of the faith and doctrine of the church of England, as eftablished in her thirty-nine articles and creeds; abstracted from the writings of Rogers, Welchman, Beveridge, &c. By the author of the Christian's Memorandum-book, &c. 9 d. Lewis. Hiftory, Law, Politics, &c. The hiftory of the reign of Philip II. King of Spain. By Robert Watson, LL. D. In two vols. 4to. 11. 16 s. in boards. Cadell. The reign of Philip II. may challenge the whole feries of human annals for the deteftable bigotry, the unrelenting cruelty, and A concife hiftory of England, from the earliest times to the death of Geo. II. By John Wesley, A. M. 4 vols. 11 s. fewed. Hawes. One motive for this publication, according to the preface, appears to be, that there may be one Chriftian history of what is ftill called (though by a strong figure) a Chriftian country. The compiler truly tells us, that his hiftory is chiefly extracted from Goldfmith, Rapin, and Smollet; though he might almoft almost have confined his acknowledgement to the first of thefe authors. Each of these writers have fallen into the error (though perhaps it may contribute to the sale of their work) of enlarging on fome particular events which tend to intereft the paflions of their readers, fuch as the trial and death of Mary Queen of Scots, of Charles I. the flight of Charles II. &c. of which, in an abridgement, fo particular-an account was not to have been expected. Mr Wefley has thought proper to employ upwards of fifty pages in an enquiry, whether or not Mary of Scotland was guilty of the murder of her husband. He is much more fevere on Q. Elifabeth. on this oc cafion, than Dr Goldsmith has been. As to this performance being a Chriftian hifto ry, we cannot think it much entitled to the character; for we do not find religious obfervations fo frequently interwoven with the narration, as might be expected from a man of good fenfe and warm piety. Here and there a reflection is thrust in, as it were, just to warrant the account he has in this refpect given of his book. Thus, at the close of the reign of Richard II. after faying, that Richard was rather of an amiable character, it is added, "How then came he to be fo unfortunate?-God putteth down one, and fetteth up another." M. The beauties of biography, containing the lives of the moft illuftrious perfons who have flourished in G. Britain, France, Italy, and other parts of Europe, as poets, hiftorians, divines, philofophers, foldiers, or politicians. Extracted from the Biographia Britannica, Bayle's dictionary, and other valuable works, for the instruction of youth of both fexes, and calculated to infpire them with a love of virtue, and create a spirit of emulation. 2 vols. 6 s. Kearfly.—We cannot but be of opinion, that the pages of this work which are filled up with the gallantries of Rochefter, and with trifling anecdotes of theatrical characters, might have been enriched with materials much better " adapted to the instruction of youth of both fexes," and better "calculated to infpire them with the love of virtue." M. Hiftorical memoirs of the author of the Henriade. With fome original pieces. To which are added, genuine letters of M. de Voltaire. Taken from his own minutes. Tranflated from the French. 3 s. 6 d. Kearfey. What a wonderful old man is this Monf. de Voltaire !-fuppofing him the author of these memoirs; and we fee little reafon to call the fact in question. At the age' of eighty-three, he writes with the vigour and vivacity of twenty-one; and talks of himfelf, his writings, and his fortunes, with an air of cafe and gaiety, which one would rather expect from a frank young man, relating his juvenile frolics and amufements. The Spirit of this man will never die,-whatever himself (fceptic as he is) may think of the matter; and whatever becomes of the little tough frame in which it is encased.— But Mr Voltaire (if it is Mr Voltaire who holds the pencil) has not, here, given us a finifhed picture of himself. It is but a sketch that is drawn, a mere outline; but it will ftrike the beholder, who has any knowledge of the original, with immediate conviction of the true refemblance. There are, however, a thousand particularities which every one will naturally look for in a perfect portrait of this extraordinary perfon, but which, in the prefent performance, will be fought for in vain. M. A brief defcription of the cities of London and Westminster, &c. To which are added, fome proper cautions to the merchants, tradesmen, &c. By Sir John Fielding, one of his Majefty's Juftices of the Peace, &c. 3 S. Wilkie. - A vile peace of Bibliopolijm. Sir John Fielding has publicly disavowed it in the news-papers. M. Lectures on the conftitution and laws of England: with a commentary on Magna Charta, and illuftrations of many of the Englifh ftatutes. By the late Francis Stoughton Sullivan, LL. D. Royal Profeffor of Common Law in the univerfity of Dublin. Edit. 2 To which authorities are added, and a difcourfe is prefixed, concerning the laws and government of England. By Gilbert Stuart, LL. D. 15 s. boards Johnson. — The great object of Dr Sullivan is, to advance law to the dignity of a science, by deduciug it from principles founded in human nature. For this purpose he traces the prefent conftitution of Britain from a remote antiquity: he delineates the military character which produ ced and continued that formidable fabric the feudal government: he marks the confequences that refulted from the mixture, first of the Saxon laws with those of the Britons, and next of the Norman laws with thofe of the Saxons: he describes the causes that concurred towards engrafting our prefent free conftitution on the Gothic ariftocracy, name= ly, the gradual tranfition of land from infeudation to propriety, and of military tenures to thofe of focage; the degradation of the ba rons, who poffeffed powers inconfiftent with liberty; and the exaltation of the commons to that degree of influence which they ought to hold in every free state. The lectures are concluded with an account of the conftitution and jurisdiction of the courts of justice, and a masterly commentary on Magna Charta. In treading this long, thorny, and intricate path, the author difplays much difcernment, erudition, and good fenfe, with a most commendable attachment to liberty. His work exhibits not an infipid and formal concatenation of decifions, and statutes, and opinions opinions of lawyers. He every where connects hiftory with law, and effects with their caufes, prefenting a picture equally amufing and inftructive to the reader-The chief purposes of this difcourfe are, to illuftrate one of the most curious and material points in the hiftory of the English constitution, the antiquity of the power of the people in the perfons of their representatives, the commons; to fhow, that in times the most tyrannical, the people never despaired of their liberty; and that the marks of oppreffion which ftain and pollute our history, are to be ascribed to the administration of our princes, and not to any defpotifm in the conftitution of our government. He oppofes, of confequence, the fentiments and the principles which are fo ftrongly inculcated in the hiftory of Mr Hume; and, if we are not deceived, the caftigation of this diftinguished hiftorian was one great view which the writer proposed to himself. It is but common juftice to fay of this tract, that it has great merit The author difcovers much know. ledge of antiquity, and communicates much ufeful information. Notwithstanding the brevity which was neceffary to his prefatory differtation, he has been able to ftrike out fome new lights, and it every where abounds with pertinent obfervations. The language has ftrong and uncommon beauties. It is at the fame time forcible and elegant, flowing and exact. C. Mild punishments found policy; or, Obfervations on the laws relative to debtors and felons, &c. By William Smith, M. D. 1 s. 6d. Bew-A very fuperficial writer. C. America. A letter to Lord Chatham, concerning the prefent war of Great Britain against America. By a Gentleman of the Inner Temple. 1s. Kear fley-A fpirited, but very inaccurate writer, warm for liberty, and for the claims of America; but has nothing very new, or material. M. Reflections on the state of parties, on the national debt, the neceflity and expediency of the prefent war with America. 1 s. 6 d. W. Davies.A moft unbounded panegyrift on government, and a moft malignant afperfer of the Americans. M. An appeal to the unprejudiced; or, A vindication of the meafures of government, with refpect to America. s. Rivington.· A juvenile advocate for adminiftration. M. Dr Price's notions of the nature of civil liberty, fhewn to be contradictory to reafon and feripture. [By Mr Gray.] 25. Becket. Late as this pamphlet has made its ap. pearance, the plain yet forcible manner in which it is written, muft greatly contribute to produce a change of fentiment in thofe who have hitherto favoured the opinion of Dr Price. C. Sermons on the general fast, Dec. 13. 1776. Before the Houfe of Lords, by Richard [Hurd], Lord Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry. I S. Cadell. Liberal, candid and every way worthy of the author. M. Before the House of Commons, [from Kings viii. 59.]. by John Butler, LL. D. 1S. Cadell.- -Judicious, fenfible, and difpaflionate; exhibits a clear and candid view of the temper and spirit, the vices and virtues of the times; the fources of the unhappy commotions now fubfifting in the remote parts of the empire; the charitable light in which we ought to behold our erring and infatuated brethren; and the conduct which, on every confideration, we ought to purfue, as real Chriftians, as true friends to the best interefts of our country, and in the humble hope of obtaining, by the favour of Heaven, the restoration of peace and union to the Bri tifh empire. M. Before the univerfity of Oxford, by Myles Cooper, LL. D. 1s. Rivington. The au thor confiders the propriety of a public and folemn act of humiliation, the neceffity of a national repentance, the moral and religious ftate of this kingdom, the principles and artifices of those who firft excited and afterwards fomented the rebellion in the colonics, and, laftly, the duty of individuals, as good men and good fubjects. On thefe topics, efpecially on the rife and progress of rebellion, the author expreffes himself with warmth and fpirit, always in defence of adminiftration; yet sometimes with a zeal which care ries him to the extremities of Toryifm. "When mens principles are wrong, their practices will feldom be right. When they fuppofe thofe powers to be derived folely from the people, which are "ordained of God," and their heads are filled with ideas of original compacts which never existed, and which are always explained fo as to answer their prefent occafions; no wonder that they confound the duties of rulers and subjects, and are perpetually prompted to dictate, where it is their business to obey. When once they conceive the governed to be fuperior to the governors, and that they may fet up their pretended natural rights in oppofi tion to the pofitive laws of the state; they will naturally proceed to despise dominion, and Speak evil of dignities, and to open a door for anarchy, confufion, and every evil work, to enter." Can this paffage be reconciled with the principles of the Revolution, and the liberties of Englishmen? C. Preached at Gray's-Inn chapel, before the Hon. Society, &c. by Henry Stebbing, D. D. I s. Flexney. Although Dr Stebbing has thrown out fome very fevere reflections on the revolted provincials, he expresses himself with a feriousness becoming the importance and |