others, mere fruges confumere nati*, and otherwife good for nothing, till by their death their eftates, like the carcafe of the negro's gentleman-hog, come to be cut up.

With regard to encouragements for ftrangers from government, they are really only what are derived from good laws and liberty. Strangers are welcome because there is room enough for them all, and therefore the old inhabitants are not jealous of them; the laws protect them fufficiently, fo that they have no need of the patronage of great men ; and every one will enjoy fecurely the profits of his industry. But if he does not bring a fortune with him, he must work and be induftrious to live. One or two years refidence give him all the rights of

*

Merely to eat up the corn.

born

WATTS.

a citizen;

a citizen; but the government does not at prefent, whatever it may have done in former times, hire people to become settlers, by paying their paffages, giving land, negroes, utenfils, ftock, or any other kind of emolument whatfoever. In short, America is the land of labour, and by no means what the English call Lubberland, and the French Pays de Cocagne, where the ftreets are said to be paved with half-peck loaves, the houses tiled with pancakes, and where the fowls fly about ready roafted, crying, Come eat me!

Who then are the kind of persons to whom an emigration to America may be advantageous? And what are the advantages they may reasonably expect ?

Land being cheap in that country, from the vaft forests ftill void of inhabitants, and not likely to be occupied in an age to come, infomuch that the propriety of 1 an hundred acres of fertile foil full of wood

wood may be obtained near the frontiers, in many places, for eight or ten guineas, hearty young labouring men, who understand the husbandry of corn and cattle, which is nearly the fame in that country as in Europe, may easily establish themfelves there. A little money faved of the good wages they receive there while they work for others, enables them to buy the land and begin their plantation, in which they are affisted by the good-will of their neighbours, and fome credit. Multitudes of poor people from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Germany, have by this means in a few years become wealthy farmers, who in their own countries, where all the lands are fully occupied, and the wages of labour low, could never have emerged from the mean condition wherein they were born.

From the falubrity of the air, the healthiness of the climate, the plenty of good

good provifions, and the encouragement to early marriages, by the certainty of fubfiftence in cultivating the earth, the increase of inhabitants by natural generation is very rapid in America, and becomes ftill more fo by the acceffion of ftrangers; hence there is a continual demand for more artifans of all the neceffary and useful kinds, to fupply those cultivators of the earth with houses, and with furniture and utenfils of the groffer forts, which cannot fo well be brought from Europe. Tolerably good workmen in any of those mechanic arts, are fure to find employ, and to be well paid for their work, there being no restraints preventing ftrangers from exercising any art they understand, nor any permiffion neceflary. If they are poor, they begin first as fervants or journeymen; and if they are fober, induftrious, and frugal, they foon become mafters, establish themselves in bufinefs, marry,

raife

raife familes, and become refpectable citizens.

Alfo, perfons of moderate fortunes and capitals, who having a number of children to provide for, are defirous of bringing them up to industry, and to fecure eftates for their posterity, have opportunities of doing it in America, which Europe does not afford. There they may be taught and practise profitable mechanic arts, without incurring dif grace on that account; but on the con trary acquiring refpect by fuch abilities. There small capitals laid out in lands, which daily become more valuable by the increafe of people, afford a folid profpect of ample fortunes thereafter for thofe children. The writer of this has known several inftances of large tracts of land, bought on what was then the frontier of Pennfylvania, for ten pounds per hundred acres, which, after twenty years, when the fettlements had

been