in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 1 CAMBRIDGE: METCALF AND COMPANY, PSISTERS TO THE UNIVERSITY. PRE FACE. 16 At The twenty-sixth volume of the American Almanac, being the sixth volume of the third series, is now offered to the public. Unwearied pains has been taken to collect full, authentic, and varied information concerning the complex affairs of the general and State governments; and a mass of official documents and private correspondence has been digested relating to the government, finances, legislation, public institutions, internal improvements, and resources of the United States, and of the several States. It is hoped that the present volume will be found equal to its predecessors in fulness and accuracy, and that it will sustain the high character of the American Almanac as a trustworthy manual for reference and a full repository of useful knowledge. The Astronomical Department has been prepared by Mr. George P. Bond, Assistant Observer at the Cambridge Observatory. The article upon mospherical Electricity," with its full details, will be found to be instructive and useful. In the Second Part of the volume will be found full lists of the Executive and Judiciary of the General Government, including the chief officers and clerks of the several Departments; of Collectors of Customs, of Postmasters in the principal cities, of Army and Navy Pension Agents, and of the Indian Superintendents and Agents; of the Inspectors of Steamboats and their Districts ; of the Army, and the various Military Departments and Posts under the new organization; of the Navy, the public vessels, and the Marine Corps ; of our Ministers and Consuls in Foreign Countries, and of Foreign Consuls in the United States. These have all been corrected from official sources to the latest dates possible for publication. Later changes are noted in the “ Additions and Corrections," at the end of the volume. The titles Commerce and Navigation, and Revenue and Expenditure, published each year in the Almanac, are full and complete abstracts of the public documents of the same name, and the tables connected there. with, and with the Post-Office, Mint, and Public Lands, show the receipts and expenditures of the Government under their several heads, the public debt, the imports, exports, tonnage, coinage, sales of land, and the operations of the Post-Office Department, for each year since the adoption of the Federal Constitution. The exports for the last four years are given in detail. The rates of postage are under the new laws, — and these, with the inland and foreign mail service, are believed to be complete and correct. The Titles and Abstracts of the Public Laws and Joint Resolutions have been carefully prepared, and are sufficiently full, except for professional use. Among those this year of special interest are the acts relative to the Warehousing System and the establishment of Private Bonded Warehouses, to organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kanzas, - to regulate the pay of Deputy Postmasters, - concerning the surveying of the public lands in New Mexico, Kanzas, and Nebraska, and donations to actua settlers therein, -making provision for Postal Service in California, Oregon, and Washington, to graduate and reduce the price of the Public Lands to actual settlers and cultivators, – to increase the pay of the rank and file of the Army, - and to carry into effect the Reciprocity Treaty between the United States and Great Britain. The tabular view of the railroads in the country is continued from the last volume : and the comparative view of the debts, property, and general financial condition of all the States, has been corrected with great care from the latest official returns. The information concerning the Individual States is as full as in former years. It is believed that nowhere else can be found such full details respecting the Executive and Judiciary, the finances, schools, charitable institutions, and pauperism and crime, of the several States. Should any one note inaccuracies or deficiencies therein, he is urgently requested to correct them. The European part of the work, revised from the best authority to late dates, gives the several States of Europe, with their form of government, the name, title, and date of accession of the reigning sovereigns, the area and population of the several countries. It also gives the Royal Family, the Ministry, and the Judiciary of England. The Ministry of France is added. A Foreign Obituary for 1853 and 1854 is given, which it is intended to continue hereafter. The obituary notices and Chronicle of Events have been prepared with care. The space is so limited, that many names and events which otherwise would be given are necessarily omitted. The thanks of the Editor are particularly due to the Heads of Department at Washington, and to his many contributors and correspondents, to whom the work is indebted for a great part of its value. A continuance of their favors is respectfully solicited. A work embracing such a multitude of facts must necessarily contain errors; persons who may detect any are earnestly requested to communicate them to the Editor. It is particularly desirable that these communications should not be anonymous. It is frequently a source of regret to the Editor, that he cannot suitably acknowledge the valuable hints and assistance of anonymous correspondents. It is a matter of some public interest, that a periodical which circulates so widely, both in Europe and America, and which is so universally trusted as a manual for reference, should be rendered as accurate as possible ; and this end can be obtained only by the co-operation of many individuals. Communications should be addressed to ihe “ Editor of the American Almanac,” Boston. Boston, Mass., December, 1854. CONTENTS. PAGE Celestial Phenomena, Signs, &c., 3 Latitude and Longitude of Observatories, 41 4 Latitude and Longitude of Places, ... 42-46 Beginning and Length of the Seasons, 4 Apparent Places of the Pole Star,.... 53 - 55 Movable Festivals of the Church,. 5 Places of the Principal Fixed Stars, ..55 - 62 6 Sun's Parallax in Altitude, . Height of the Greatest Tides in 1855, 7 Atmospherical Electricity,.. 32-35 for Cambridge, Worcester, Providence, 35 - 37 Lambertville, Savannah, Muscatine, Elements of the Eclipses of the Sun, 37 Knox Hill, Fla., and Sacramento, 76-83 38 Rain at King George's Court-House, Va.,.. 83 39 Rain at Church Hill, Miss., Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites in 1855,... 39 Flowering of Fruit-Trees in 1854,.. .... 88-90 .. 107 ........... 1. List of Presidents, 87 2. Executive Government, ...... Commission to adjust Private Land Postmasters in Chief Towns & Cities, 90 Registers, Rec's, &c., in Land Office, 95 Surveyors-General of Public Lands,: 96 Supervising, Inspectors of Steam- boats, and their Districts,... 99 Commanders of Squadrons, &c., 106 Supreme Court, ................... 110 Circuit Courts, ................ 7. Intercourse with Foreign Nations, .. 115 Ministers, &c. in Foreign countries, 116 Consuls, &c. in Foreign countries, : 117 Foreign Ministers in the U. States, . 120 Foreign Consuls in the U. States,.... 121 8. Titles and Abstracts of Public Laws, 127 Appropriations for 1854 and 1855, 127, 19 149 Foreign Magazine and Pamphlet U. S. Expenditure from 1789 to 1853, 150 Postage,.... U. S. Revenue from 1789 to 1853, 151 Receipts and Expenses from and for Imports, Exports, and Debt, for 63 Postages in each State in 1853, . 179 Value of Imports for five Years,... Alphabetical List of Representatives, 185 Value of Exports, 1850 - 1853, 157 14. Population of the United States,..... 187 Imports from and Exports to Foreign 15. Slaves in the United States, Countries in 1852 - 53,- 159 16. Seventh Census of United States, .. 160 17. Population of some Principal Cities, 189 Tonnage of Vessels in Foreign Trade, 160 18. Mint, Imports and Exports of each State, 162 Officers of Mint, and Coinage,. 190 Vessels built in U. States, and their Coinage of the Mint since 1792, 191 162 19. Religious Denominations, Comparative View of Tonnage from 20. State Elections, &c., 163 21. Governors of States and Territories, 193 Commercial Marine of United States, 163 22. Finances of the States, ...194, 195 Vessels built, and their Tonnage, from 23. Colleges, &c., in the United States, . 196 164 Annual College Expenses,........ No. of Post-Offices, &c., since 1790,.. 167 Medical Schools,. 168 24. Smithsonian Institution, Receipts and Expenditures for Con. 25. Railroads in the United States, . 202-208 Revenue under Postal Treaties, 170 27. Banks in the United States, Compensation of Postmasters,. 171 23. American Securities held abroad, 215 Rates of Postage in United States,.. 172 29. Fineness and Value of certain Foreign ....... .............. Governments of North America,....... 315 | Governments of South America,........ 316 323 | Chronicle of Events...... 336 Additions and Corrections, 343 352 |
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