river, near the village of Mequanigo, one and a half miles long, and half a mile wide. It lies principally within an extensive marsh.

MOUSE LAKE, So called, probably, from its diminutive size, is one of the Oconomewoc group, one and three-fourth miles in circumference, fifty-three chains long, and occupying one hundred acres of surface. It lies near the Kauchee.

MONISH LAKE lies one mile southwest from Muskego lake. It is a small lake, forming the source of a branch of Muskego creek.

MUSKEGO is one of the largest lakes in the county, occupying three thousand one hundred and sixty-acres, or nearly five sections. It is three and seven-eighths miles long, two wide, and eleven miles around. It discharges its waters through Muskego creek, into the Pishtaka, at Rochester, in Racine county.

NAGOWICKA LAKE is near the centre of the town of Delafield, two miles and a quarter long, by three-fourths broad, and occupies an area of six hundred and ninety acres. It is five miles and a quarter around. Bark river runs through it transversely, and it contains a small island, which adds much to the beauty of the lake. The shores are high and covered with scattered trees, presenting a fine prospect to the eye. Its surface is three hundred and four feet above Lake Michigan.

NASHOTAH (Twin) LAKES-two small lakes lying north of Nemahbin lake, near the east line of the town of Summit. The north lake is two hundred and ninety-one feet above Lake Michigan, sixty-seven chains long, thirty-one wide, and has a periphery of two miles. On the east bank of this ake is the Episcopal College, recently established. The south lake is seventy-five chains long, twenty-seven wide, and has a periphery of two miles and a quarter.

NEMAHBIN LAKE lies near the east line of the town of Summit, and is quite similar, in many respects, to the Nagowica lake. Bark river passes through it transversely;

and it has an island covered with trees of a different kind from those found in the surrounding country. It is five and a half miles around, two miles long, three-fourths of a mile wide, and covers five hundred and twenty-eight acres. Its surface is two hundred and eighty-nine feet above Lake Michigan.

NORTH LAKE (or Shunakee) lies north of Pine lake, in the town of Warren, is one mile and a quarter long, threefourths of a mile wide, and has an area of five hundred and eighty-one acres. The Oconomewoc creek passes through this lake.

OCONOMEWOC LAKE is the most southern of the group of lakes, on the creek of the same name, being in the north part of township seven, range seventeen. It is one mile and three-fourths long, three-fourths of a mile wide, and has a periphery of six and three-fourth miles, and an area of seven hundred and fifty acres. Its surface is two hundred and eighty-two feet above Lake Michigan.

PEWAUKEE LAKE (or Pewaukee-wee-ning-lake of shells), so named by the observing Indians, on account of the great quantity of small shells found in the sand along the shore. These shells are not snail shells,* and hence Snail lake (as it is sometimes called) is an incorrect translation of the Indian name. It is four miles and a half long, and has an average width of about three-fourths of a mile. The coast line around it is eleven and one-sixth miles, and its area is three and one-third square miles, or sections. It lies in the towns of Delafield and Pewaukee, at an elevation of two hundred and sixty-three feet above Lake Michigan. It is supplied almost entirely by springs, and discharges about three hundred cubic feet of water per minute, through the Pewaukee outlet into the Pishtaka river.

* Snails are land animals, and not aquatic. The shells found here are bleached and mixed with small particles of white limestone. They are species of the genera Paludina, Valvata, Planorbis, Melania, Cyclas, and fragments of Anodonta.

A dam has been erected, however, at the foot of this lake, which has raised its waters about four feet. It is surrounded by high, well wooded hills, rendering the scenery about it highly beautiful and interesting.

Around this lake at many places, as well as on other lakes in Wisconsin, may be observed a singular wall of round stones, or boulders, laid up with such regularity as to suggest the idea of being the work of art. A little further observation, however, will show that these walls are made by the expansion of the ice during the winter, which has a tendency to push them upon the shore. The sandy ridges around many lakes are caused in the same way. The process may be observed in a very cold day in the winter.

PINE LAKE lies immediately north of the Nagowicka, two and a quarter miles long, three-fourths of a mile wide, five miles and a quarter round, and has an area of six hundred and ninety acres-being exactly the same as the Nagowicka. The Indian name is Chenequa, or Pine, given in consequence of a few pine trees having been found on a small neck of land, or island in this lake.

POWACK LAKE is about three-fourths of a mile in diameter, lying one mile northwest from Muskego lake.

ROUND LAKE lies two miles west of Nemahbin.

SILVER LAKE lies three miles west of the Neshotah lake, in the town of Summit; is one mile long, five-eighths wide, two miles and five-eighths in circumference, and has an area of two hundred and seventy-five acres.

TUCK-KIP-PING LAKE is in the northeast part of the town of Warren. Its length is nearly two miles, width threefourths, and periphery five and a half miles. Its area is five hundred and eleven acres.

The whole number of lakes in this county is thirty-eight.

RACINE COUNTY

Is the most southern of the lake counties, and occupies the southeast corner of the Territory. It is bounded on the north by Milwaukee county, east by Lake Michigan, south by the State line of Illinois, and west by Walworth county; or it includes townships one, two, three, and four, in ranges nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, and twenty-three. The jurisdiction of this county, as well as all the others bounding on Lake Michigan, extends to the State line of Michigan, in the middle of the lake. Racine county is twenty-four miles wide, from north to south, and has an average length of twenty-five and two-third miles, and therefore an area of six hundred and sixteen square miles, or sections. The length of coast in this county is twenty-six and one-half miles. The country is generally even, or slightly rolling, and is almost destitute of timber. Burr oaks, hickory, &c., are found in occasional groves, and the remainder is prairie. Beds of limestone are found along some of the streams.

This county was set off from Milwaukee in 1836, and was then organized as a separate county. The population in 1838 was two thousand and fifty-four; in 1840 it had increased to three thousand four hundred and seventy-five; and in 1842 it had almost doubled, being six thousand three hundred and eighteen. Since that period the increase of population has been very considerable, so that it is now estimated at twelve thousand.

The villages in Racine county are Racine, Southport, Rochester, Burlington, Waterford, &c.

RACINE, the seat of justice of the county, and the oldest settlement, is situated on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Root river, occupying mostly a level plain, lying about fifty feet above the level of the lake. It is twenty-five miles south from Milwaukee, ten miles from Southport, and one hundred and fifty miles, by the United States road, from the

Mississippi, at Sinipee. The village was incorporated in 1841. The citizens have, with but very little aid from the government, nearly completed a harbor at this place, in a permanent and durable manner—the piers being of the same kind as those built under the direction of the Topographical Bureau. At the extremity of the piers there is twelve feet depth of water-sufficient for all purposes of navigation. There is a reef of rocks in the lake off this place, about a mile and a half long and half a mile wide, which is supposed to be useful in protecting the harbor from the effects. of storms. The river, within the bar, is represented as being wide and deep, and like most of the other tributaries of Lake Michigan, lies on a level with the lake for some distance above, forming a convenient and safe harbor for vessels. Above this slack water the river runs over beds of yellowish limestone, forming rapids, and affording water power sufficient to propel a considerable amount of machinery.

The amount of commercial business done each year, from 1836 to 1841 inclusive, as stated by Col. J. J. Abert, chief of the Topographical Bureau at Washington, is as follows:

The following statement of the trade of this place for 1842, is from the Racine Advocate, of December 28, 1842, and will convey a proper idea of the kinds and extent of business done at Racine :

IMPORTATIONS.

175 tons of merchandize,

2,000 barrels of salt,

2,423,000 feet of lumber,