ACADEMY OF SCIENCES in Paris,
honors of, shown to Franklin,
31.
Adams, Charles Francis; his trib-
ute to John Adams, 12.
Adams, John; his moderate re-
publican views, 5; his views of
Paine, 5-8; his scheme of gov-
ernment for the American States,
7-12; his warnings disregarded
in Pennsylvania, 17, 21; his
Constitution in Massachusetts,
26, 69, 70, 105; his view of
Franklin, 31, 43; his defence
of the American Constitutions
against Turgot's attack, 34, 35,
69, 70, 71; ambassador to Eng-
land, 69; his services to Amer-
ica, 66, 67, 471, 472, 500.
Adams, Samuel, views of, regard-
ing single chamber system, 70.
Alabama, limit of legislative ses-
sion in, 81; submission of con-
vention question in, 132; amend-
ment of Constitution by the
legislative mode in, 148, 150,
151; school lands in, 284; fence
laws in, 297, 300.
Alameda, initiative and referen-
dum in, 439, 441; recall in,
458.
Amendment of State Constitu-
tions, by conventions, 128-141;
by legislative mode, 137, 142-
172; made easier, 476-477; small
vote on, 507-509.
Anderson v. Commonwealth, 331.
"Anti-Constitutionalists" in Penn-
sylvania, 11, 38, 45, 55, 100,
Arizona, constitution of, 424-425,
495; initiative and referendum
in, 425; local referendum in, 430;
recall proposed in, 459, 460-461;
recall in, vetoed, 470; popular
Arkansas, amendment of Consti-
tution of, 151, 157; division of
counties in, 228; choice of
county sites in, 231, 373, 379;
loans in local districts of, 254;
school tax in, 273; school lands
in, 284, 382; local option liquor
law in, 290, 291, 292; fence
laws in, 297, 299, 382; purchase
of local lands in, 382; initiative
and referendum in, 423-424, 427,
479; local referendum in, 431.
Australia, ballot system of, 165.
BACHE, Richard; his opposition to
the first Constitution of Penna.,
30, 49; his alleged Tory inclina-
tions, 52.
Ballot system, necessary to the
referendum, 3, 110, 111, 491;
in Penna., 110, 111; of Austra-
lia, 165.
Bancroft v. Dumas, 320.
Banks, laws regarding, submitted
to popular vote, 191, 192, 193.
Barto v. Himrod, 211, 273.
Bayard, Col. John; his opposi-
tion to the first Constitution of
Penna., 45.
Berkeley, freeholders' charter in
city of, 349; initiative and refer-
endum in, 442; recall in, 458.
Biddle, Owen, a member of the
Penna. Convention of 1776, 16.
Biennial sessions of state legis-
latures, 79, 80, 81.
Bills of Rights in America, 2, 5.
"Boss" government in America,
473-474, 502, 503.
Boston, representative system in,
109; street railway tracks in,
304.
Bounties; for the scalps of wild
animals, 262; for hedges, 263.
Bradshaw v. Lankford, 332.
Bridges, public control of, 259.
Brig Aurora v. United States, 327.
Brodbine v. Revere, 487.
Bryan, George, one of the fram-
ers of the first Constitution of
Penna., 27.
Bryce, James, views of, on Con-
stitutional Conventions, 98, 115,
116; on local government in the
United States, 224; on the refer-
endum, 391.
Budget, annual, in cities, 269.
Bull v. Read, 326.
Burgess v. Rice, 319, 330.
Burnet, influence of writings of, 10.
CALIFORNIA, special legislation in,
85; rules governing parliament-
ary procedure in, 85; amend-
ment of Constitution of, 151;
woman suffrage in, 160; re-
moval of state capital in, 162,
178, 179, 205; amendment elec-
tions in, 167, 170, 172; finan-
cial referendum in, 183, 185;
advisory referendum in, 207;
classes of cities and counties
in, 220, 221; "Home Rule"
for cities in, 222, 235, 347-356,
360, 361, 362, 439-442; Home
Rule for counties in, 223, 235;
choice of county sites in, 231,
373; township system in, 240;
high schools in, 276, 374; limit
of debt of local districts of, 280;
initiative and referendum in,
307, 309, 368, 384, 387, 426,
430, 431; judicial opinions on
lawmaking by popular vote in
321, 322, 323; recall in cities of,
456, 459; recall in counties of,
458-459; recall in state of, 460.
Canals, public aid to, 243, 244.
Cannon, James; a member of the
Penna. Convention of 1776, 16,
27, 48.
Capital, state, selection of site for,
119, 176-179; removal of, in
California, 162, 178, 205; in
Texas, 176; in Oregon, 177,
178; in Kansas, 177; in Colo-
rado, 177, 178; in South Da-
kota, 177; in Montana, 178; in
Georgia, 178; in Idaho, 178;
in Minnesota, 178; in Missis-
sippi, 178; in Nebraska, 178; in
Washington, 178; in Wyoming,
178; in Pennsylvania, 178; in
Oklahoma, 416, 417, 418, 419,
499.
Carey, Charles H., 503.
Cedar Rapids, 452.
Cemeteries, purchase of land for,
260, 261.
Charters for cities, 222, 223, 224,
234, 235, 335-367, 434 et seq.
Checks and balances in govern-
ment, 7, 8, 67, 72, 198, 472, 489,
511.
Chinese immigration in Nevada,
Cities, government of, 219-224,
234-236, 335-367; sites for pub-
lic buildings in, 233; selection
of name for, 234; special legis-
lation for, 236, 237; failure of
the representative system in,
241, 335-337, 363-364, 434 et
seq.
Clymer, George; a member of the
Penna. Convention of 1776, 16,
19, 45.
Colorado, limit of legislative ses-
sion in, 82; amendment of Con-
stitution of, 151, 157; woman
suffrage in, 160; amendment
elections in, 167; choice of cap-
ital site in, 177, 178; poll of
people in, on loan for capitol
buildings, 188, 189; poll of peo-
ple on tax questions in, 189,
190; on the division of counties
in, 228; on choice of county
sites in, 231, 373; on mayors'
salaries in, 268; on limit of
debt in local districts of, 279;
initiative and referendum in,
424, 427, 479; local referendum
in, 430, 431; Home Rule char-
ters in, 442, 445; recall in cities
of, 465; Supreme Court of, on
referendum, 494.
Colorado Springs, charter of, 442.
Colquitt, Governor, 484-485, 509.
Commission government, 434,
446-453; recall a feature of,
461-463.
"Common Sense," Paine's, 5, 6,
7, 8.
Condorcet; his advocacy of single
chamber government in France,
28, 36, 37; his friendship with
Franklin, 31, 37.
Confederate pensions, 161.
Connecticut, first Constitution of,
referred to popular vote, 112;
plan for amending Constitution
of, 146, 147, 152; amendment
elections in, 166; local option
in, 289, 290, 291, 371, 372; city
government in, 438.
Constitutions, state, growing length
and changed character of, 87, 88,
89, 94, 96, 99, 100, 155, 156,
158, 475-476; who makes them,
116, 117; referendum on, 99-
127; the amendment of, 93,
94, 128-172, 476–477, 507–509;
length of life of, 94, 95, 96, 99.
Constitutional convention, rise to
power of the, 71-98; local dis-
tricts seeking protection of, 222,
224, 338, 363, 364; is it a
sovereign body? 124-126; pow-
er of, in adopting and amend-
ing constitutions, 128-141; high
character of, 97, 98, 117; in-
creased powers of, 475; position
of, attacked, 476.
"Constitutionalists" in Pennsyl-
vania, 11, 38, 53, 56, 58, 59, 60,
62, 65.
"Constitutional Society" in Penn-
sylvania, 27, 50, 61.
Continental Congress, 8, 13, 21,
48, 78.
Contingent event, what consti-
tutes a, in law-making, 211,
324-328, 333, 481, 486.
"Contrat Social," influence of, in
America, 2, 3, 6.
Convict labor in New York, 206–
Cooley, Judge, views of, on dele-
gation of legislative power, 209.
Corrupt Practices act in Oregon,
Council of Censors in Pennsyl-
vania, 21, 22, 52, 54-60, 65, 128,
129, 143; in Vermont, 24, 129,
152.
Council of Revision in New York,
79, 118, 131, 139.
Counties, classification of, in Cali-
fornia, 220, 221; Home Rule
for, in California, 223, 235; as
local government units, 224,
225; division of, 228, 229, 407;
selection of capitals of, 231-233,
373, 377-380; organization of,
into townships, 239-240; refer-
endum in, in Oklahoma, 429;
referendum in, in California, 430;
referendum in, in Wisconsin,
431.
Coyle v. Smith, 499.
D'ALEMBERT; his friendship with
Franklin, 31.
Dallas, city government of, 435,
452; recall in, 464; government
of, under review by Supreme
Court, 483-484.
Dambach, Professor, 489.
Declaration of Independence, 5,
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Delaware, first Constitution of, 45,
78; biennial sessions in, 80; last
convention in, 96; Constitution
of, not submitted to the people,
113, 116, 122; constitutional pro-
vision regarding conventions in,
130; submission of convention
question in, 132, 134, 135;
amendment of Constitution of
1776, 136, 140, 142-145; amend-
ment of later Constitutions of,
150; local option law in, 288-289;
judicial opinion on law-making
by popular vote in, 319; ad-
visory referendum in, 419–420;
local referendum in, 432.
Delegated authority not to be re-
delegated, 209, 479, 482, 483-
484.
Democratic party, radicalism in,
426.
Denison (Tex.), recall in, 464.
Denver, charter of, 442.
Des Moines, charter of, 452.
Dickinson, John; his opposition to
the first Constitution of Penna.,
45, 47, 48, 52.
Diderot, 32.
Direct primary laws, 400, 403, 405,
ECONOMISTES, Franklin's interest
in the, 29.
Educational test for suffrage, in
Mississippi, 120; in South Caro-
lina, 121; in Delaware, 122; in
Louisiana, 123, 497-498; in
California, 207; in Oklahoma,
418, 499; in other states, 497-
498.
Employers' Liability Laws, 406.
Enabling acts for admission of
states, 112, 495-499.
England, constitutional forms of,
carried over to America, 7, 10,
13, 26, 35, 38, 64, 66, 77; how
the American system differs
from that of, 116, 142.
Equality of men, doctrine of,
500-501.
Erie canal, improvement of, 185.
Estacada (Oregon), recall in,
468-469.
Eureka, freeholders' charter in city
of, 349, 441.
Executive power; how exercised,
in American states, 9, 78, 79;
in Pennsylvania, 20, 56, 57, 58,
64, 106; restraint on, by the
constitutional convention, 87.
Ex parte Farnsworth, 483-484.
Ex parte Wagner, 493.
Ex parte Wall., 321-323.
FARMERS' Alliance Movement, 391.
Federal Constitution (United
States), 35, 62, 63, 64, 69, 71,
77, 79, 121, 156, 487-500.
Federation of Labor, 407.
Feek v. Township Board, 328.
Fence laws in local districts, 295-
Financial credit; of states, 84,
182-191; of localities, 84, 241-
285.
Fire, protection from, in cities, 255.
Fish protection in Oregon, 403-
404, 407-408.
Florida, limit of legislative session
in, 81; adoption of Constitution
of, in 1839, 113, 120; amend-
ment of Constitution of, 151;
school tax in, 274; local option
in, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 372;
choice of county sites in, 373;
city government in, 436-438.
Folkmote in Switzerland, 3, 108.
Fort Worth, city government in,
435, 452; recall in, 464.
France, revolutionary Constitu-
tions in, 1, 37, 76; influence
of, in constitutional matters in
America, 4 et seq.; single cham-
ber system in, 28, 62, 63, 67, 71;
Franklin in, 28-39, 62; policy
of, toward America, 42; con-
stitutional conventions in, 75;
plebiscite in, 102.
Franchises for private companies,
in cities, 250-252, 308, 429.
Franklin, Benjamin; democratic
views of, 5; president of the
Pennsylvania convention of
1776, 16, 18, 27; part taken by,
in framing the first Constitution
of Pennsylvania, 27, 28, 30, 42,
61; his years in France, 28-34;
his friendship with the French
philosophers, 36-39; president
of Pennsylvania, 38, 62; his
defense of the Pennsylvania
Constitution, 38-42; his uni-
versal reputation as a philoso-
pher, 42-44; his return to
America, 60-61.
Freeholders' charters for cities,
343-361.
Fresno, charter of, 439, 441; recall
in, 458.
Fuller, Chief Justice, 490.
GALVESTON, city government of,
446-448, 452.
Gardiner (Me.), recall in, 465.
Geebrick v. State, 322, 323.
General elections, 135, 164–169.
General laws for cities and local
districts, 219, 235, 287, 353-359,
361, 371.
Georgia, first Constitution of, 25;
annual legislative sessions in, 80;
number of Constitutions in, 95;
reference of Constitution of, to
popular vote, 112; constitutional
conventions in, 129, 140, 143;
amendment of Constitution of,
145, 151; confederate pensions
in, 161; removal of capital in,
178; choice of county sites in,
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