cluded within the boundary herein prescribed for the said state, is hereby attached to and made a part of the Indiana territory. This clause added to Indiana also that part of the Territory northwest of the River Ohio north of the limits of the new State and east of Indiana. 64 On June 30, 1805, by an act approved January 11, 1805, the northeastern part of Indiana Territory was cut off and organized as Michigan Territory. For the divisional line between the two Territories see Michigan, pages 172–174. On March 1, 1809, by an act approved February 3, 1809, Indiana Territory was again divided, and the western part was organized as Illinois Territory. For a description of the line separating these two Territories see Illinois, page 171. 65 On December 11, 1816, Indiana was admitted as a State with the limits as given in the following extract from the enabling act, approved April 19, 1816, which have not since been changed: "6 66 the said State shall consist of all the territory included within the following boundaries, to wit: Bounded on the east, by the meridian line which forms the western boundary of the State of Ohio; on the South, by the river Ohio, from the mouth of the Great Miami River, to the mouth of the River Wabash; on the west, by a line drawn along the middle of the Wabash, from its mouth to a point where a due north line drawn from the town of Vincennes, would last touch the northwestern shore of the said river; and from thence by a due north line, until the same shall intersect an east and west line drawn through a point ten miles north of the southern extreme of lake Michigan; on the north by the said east and west line until the same shall intersect the first-mentioned meridian line which forms the western boundary of the state of Ohio. A provision in this act required that the boundaries as therein described be ratified by a constitutional convention to be called, otherwise they would be fixed as described in the ordinance of 1787. By ratifying them, June 29, 1816, Indiana missed an opportunity for including in its limits a considerably larger territory than it now has. There was a similar proviso in the enabling act of 1818 for Illinois. The north boundary of Indiana is parallel to the line which runs due east from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan and 10 miles north thereof.67 Its approximate latitude as determined in 1827 is 41° 47′ 43′′, but recent measurements by the Geological Survey near its east end give the latitude as 41° 45′ 33.68 The survey was made in accordance with the act of Congress of March 2, 1827.69 The original plat of the survey was filed in the surveyor general's office in Chillicothe, Ohio. There is a copy in the General Land Office. 642 Stat. L. 309. 65 2 Stat. L. 514. 68 3 Stat. L. 289. 675 Stat. L. 57. 08 U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 644, p. 305, 1916. 4 Stat. L. 237. Parts of this line were retraced in 1828, 1834, 1839, and 1842 by the General Land Office. For a description of the east boundary see Ohio, page 165. For a description of the west boundary, see Illinois, below. The line from Ohio River running northeastward to Fort Recovery was the boundary of an Indian cession established by the "Greenville treaty" "70 of 1795. The Indiana Territorial boundary from Fort Recovery northward was about 14 miles east of the line fixed by the enabling act of 1816 for the State of Indiana. The southern boundary is the low-water line on the north side of Ohio River. ILLINOIS. Illinois Territory, originally part of the Territory northwest of the River Ohio and subsequently a part of Indiana Territory, was organized by act of February 3, 1809,71 effective March 1, 1809. The following clause from the act separating it from Indiana Territory defines its boundary "1 (see fig. 14): 71 from and after the first day of March next, all that part of the Indiana territory which lies west of the Wabash river, and a direct line drawn from the said Wabash river and Post Vincennes, due north to the territorial line between the United States and Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory, and be called Illinois. Illinois was admitted as a State with its present boundaries by resolution approved December 3, 1818.72 The enabling act defines these boundaries as follows: 73 the said State shall consist of all the territory included within the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning at the mouth of the Wabash river; thence up the same and with the line of Indiana, to the northwest corner of said state; thence, east with the line of the same state, to the middle of Lake Michigan; thence north along the middle of said lake to the north latitude forty-two degrees thirty minutes; thence west to the middle of the Misissippi river; and thence down along the middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio River; and thence up the latter river along its northwestern shore to the beginning: The eastern boundary of Illinois was ordered surveyed in 1810 in connection with the work of the General Land Office. In 1821 the Legislatures of the States of Indiana and Illinois ordered a survey of their common boundary. A commissioner representing each State was appointed, and the line was run and marked with wooden posts the same year from a point "opisit the Vincennes Hotell on the Bur. Am. Ethnology Eighteenth Ann, Rept., pt. 2, p. 654, Washington, 1899. 2 Stat. L. 514. 3 Stat. L. 536. 3 Stat. L. 429. N. W. Bank of Wabash river " northward to Lake Michigan. There is a signed copy of the field notes in the Indiana State library at Indianapolis. The Geological Survey determined the position of a large stone post on the north bank of the Wabash where the State boundary line leaves the river as latitude 39° 20′ 57.6", longitude 87° 31′ 52.9". The northern boundary was surveyed and marked in 1831-32 by commissioners representing the United States and Illinois. The position on the east side of the Missisippi of a point in latitude 42° 30′ having been found by observation, a stone about 7 feet long and of an estimated weight of 5 tons was set in the ground on the high-water line. The stone was marked "Illinois" on its south side and "Michigan latitude 42° 30′ N." on its north side. (The Mississippi River Commission later located this stone or one on the State line near it and determined its latitude as 42° 30′ 29.3".) From this point the line was run due east to the fourth principal meridian of the General Land Office, where a large mound of earth was erected, and was continued east to Rock River. Observations then taken showed that the line was 54" too far north. An offset was taken the proper distance to the south, and a post was set on the east bank of the river, 81 miles 31 chains 9 links from the Mississippi, from which the line was extended (with frequent astronomic observations) to Lake Michigan, where an oak post 12 inches square and 9 feet long was set 5 feet in the ground at a point about 1 chain from the lake shore. Recent observations show that this end of the marked line is about half a mile south of the parallel of 42° 30′. The total length of the boundary as measured is 144 miles 48 chains 80 links. A post was also set on the east bank of Fox River 125 miles 9 chains 10 links from the initial point. There is a signed copy of the report and notes in the files of the General Land Office. The line west of Rock River was later rerun and placed in a corrected position. MICHIGAN. 74 Michigan was organized as a Territory June 30, 1805, from the northeastern part of Indiana Territory. (See fig. 15.) The following clause from the act dividing Indiana Territory defines its limits: 75 from and after the thirtieth day of June next, all that part of the Indiana territory which lies north of a line drawn east from the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan, until it shall intersect Lake Erie, and east of a line drawn from the said southerly bend through the middle of said lake to its northern extremity, and thence due north to the northern boundary of the 74 Boundaries, No. 22. See U. S. Geol. Survey Bulls. 310, 551, and 644 for latitude and longitude of points on this line. 75 2 Stat. L. 309. United States, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory, and be called Michigan. The enabling act for Illinois, passed in 1818, contained a provision transferring to the Territory of Michigan the portion of the Territory of Illinois not included in the State of that name. The following is the text of the clause referred to: 76 all that part of the territory of the United States lying north of the State of Indiana, and which was included in the former Indiana territory, together with that part of the Illinois territory which is situated north of and not included within the boundaries prescribed by this act, to the state thereby authorized to be formed, shall be, and hereby is, attached to and made a part of the Michigan territory. On June 28, 1834, an act was passed extending the limits of the Territory of Michigan to Missouri River. The clause of the act relating to this area is as follows: " all that part of the territory of the United States bounded on the east by the Mississippi River, on the south by the state of Missouri, and a line drawn due west from the northwest corner of said state to the Missouri river; on the southwest and west by the Missouri river and the White Earth river, falling into the same; and on the north, by the northern boundary of the United States, shall be, and hereby is, for the purpose of temporary government, attached to and made a part of, the territory of Michigan. Wisconsin Territory was formed in 1836 from the western part of Michigan Territory; for a description of the dividing line see Wisconsin, page 175. Michigan was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837,78 with the proviso and boundaries given in the enabling act as follows: 79 Provided always, and this admission is upon the express condition, that the said State shall consist of and have jurisdiction over all the territory included within the following boundaries, and over none other, to wit: Beginning at the point where the above-described northern boundary of the State of Ohio intersects the eastern boundary of the State of Indiana, and running thence with the said boundary line of Ohio, as described in the first section of this act, until it intersects the boundary line between the United States and Canada in Lake Erie; thence with the said boundary line between the United States and Canada, through the Detroit river, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior, to a point where the said line last touches Lake Superior; thence in a direct line through Lake Superior to the mouth of the Montreal river; thence through the middle of the main channel of the said river Montreal, to the middle of the Lake of the Desert; thence in a direct line to the nearest headwater of the Menomonie river; thence through the middle of that fork of the said river first touched by the said line, to the main channel of the said Menomonie river; thence down the center of the main channel of the same, to the center of the most usual ship channel of the Green bay of Lake Michigan; thence through the center of the most usual ship channel of the said bay to 78 3 Stat. L. 431. 774 Stat. L. 701. TS 5 Stat. L. 144. 795 Stat. L. 49. |