ing to the noun's derivation from a participle having these letters,) --religion, intention, tension, complexion. MONY, (Latin, monia and monium,) -ceremony, testimony. MENT, (Latin, mentum,)—movement, detriment. OR, OUR-terror; humour. ORY, (Latin, oria and orium, the latter frequently implying place,) --laboratory. T, TE, (contracted from Latin participles or nouns in -us or -um,) -fact; state. TY, ITY, (-as in Latin becomes é in French and y in English, as liberias, liberté, liberty,)-fealty; quality. URE, (preceded by t, s, or x,)—nature, exposure, flexure. Y, (-ia Latin becomes y,)-fury. Diminutives. LE, OLE, ULE, CULE, ICLE-obstacle; capriole; ferule, animalcule; pendicle. II. ADJECTIVES. AL, IL, ILE, (preceded by s, t, or x); AN, ANE, IAN, ENE, INE, ANT, ENT, AP, ARY, ORY, IC, ICAL, (all these affixes signify belonging to, connected with, of the nature of,-the greater number of the words are used also as nouns ;)-regal; civil; sterile, pensile, versatile, flexile; urban; urbane; christian; terrene; feminine; atten dant; dependent; regular; auxiliary; cursory; civic; majestic or majestical. SCENT, (preceded by a or e,) implying increase or gradation-nascent, arborescent, quiescent. CEOUS, (preceded by a or 2, or o, according to derivation,) implying of the nature of,-argillaceous, siliceous. LENT, (preceded by o or u, according to derivation,) implying abundance of some quality-somnolent, violent. OSE, OUS, implying fulness-verbose, adipose; nervous. ID, E, (preceded by s or t-if the etymon has x, the final e is dropped,) signifying possession of some quality-rapid, stupid, torrid; terse, sedate, complex, adequate, contrite. FEROUS, FIC, IVE, (preceded by s, t, or a,) transitive affixes, implying bringing or causing-odoriferous; terrific; communicative. BLE, signifying passive capability— imperturbable. PLE, BLE, (from plico, I fold,) a multiplicative affix simple; double: triple (treble); quadruple, quintuple, centuple. III. VERBS. ATE, ITE, (a or i, according to the class of verbal conjugations)—— violate; expedite. FY, (from facio, I do, I cause,) a transitive and intransitive affix -terrify, liquefy. affixes; the French substitute c for 1, and the arbitrary manner in which this change is adopted or neglected in English spelling occasions great irregularities. The u is gradually dropping out of use. Dryden and Pope wrote authour, terrour; the French eur has occasioned this "unnecessary letter" in our spelling. 2 This is also a diminutive termination in Saxon verbs. Se p. 367. 3 The different forms of these terminations are difficult to account for; why Roma should give Romanus,-terru, terrenus,-and femina, femininus, seems unaccountable; resistance, assistance, existence, consistence, are equal anomalies in orthography; ine is used as the termination of names of chemical principles, as chlorine, fluorine, bromine : ate and ite are employed in the same manner as sulphate, morphite. 4 Bund, of less frequent occurrence, as moribund, has the same meaning. 5 These are also terminations of adjectives. See above-" E, (preceded by s ort,)" &c 2 B GREEK PREFIXES. A, (AN before vowels,) privative, ANA, (variation, AN,) through, up, CATA,'(kata-variations, CAT, CATH,) DIA, (variation, DI,) through-diaphanous, diorama. EN, (variation, EM,) in, on-endemic, emphasis. The versatility of the preposition cata, renders it almost impossible to assign any meaning that would be at all a law in its compounds; this will be evident from an enumeration of some of these-catabaptist, cataclysm, catalogue, cataplasm, cataract, catastrophe, catechise, category, cathedral. 2 Iupo-hyper, sub-super, Fr. sous-sur, up-over, Ger. über, are cognate. 3 The Greeks used the plural number for generalization; hence the names of sciences in their language are chiefly p'ural. The French adopt them in the singular; old English does the same; modern English capriciously selects singular or plural forms, as arithmetic, optics, mathematics; hence arises an almost comical grammatical embarrassment between mathematics is and mathematics are; to names of towns with plural forms, Athens, Thebes, Gades, we boldly attach the singular; with riches, which is a good singular French word, we associate a plural idea. Except the compounds of orama, words in ma adopt the Greek plural in English, as miasmata. Ist and ism are often, in English, attached to words that have no alliance with Greek LATIN VOCABULARY. ACER OF ACRIS, (Gr. ake, a point.) sharp; acutus, sharp; acere, to be sour; acerbus, bitter; acrid, acrimony; (Fr. eager, vinegar;) acute, acerbity, ace, edge, acme. EDES, a single apartment, a temple; pl. apartments, a house; edify, -fice, re-edify, ædile. Equus, equal; unequal, inequality, equalize, equation, equator, (Sp. ecuador.) equity, equitable, iniquity, iniquitous, adequate, equidistant, -valent, -librium, -angular, lateral, &c. AER, (Gr. aer,) air; aerial, aeriform, artery, aerolite, aeronaut, meteor, (that which is amidst the air.) ESTIMARE, (from æs, brass, money?) to value; esteem; estimate; through old Fr. aesmé, aim (?). ETHER, (from Gr. aitho, I burn,) the sky; ethereal, ether. EVUM, (Gr. aiōn,) an age; aetas, time; ever, (perhaps Ger. immer,) coeval, medieval, primeval, longevity; aye; eternal, sempiternal; aeon, in the oriental ideas introduced into the later philosophy of Greece, aeon was applied to supposed angelic existences, emanations of the Deity; Christ, in that philosophy, was regarded as the first of the aeons. AGER, (Gr. agros,) a field; acre, agrarian, agriculture; peregrinate, through Fr. pelerin, pilgrim; Agricola. AGERE, to do; actus, done; exigible, exigence, prodigy, agile, agitate, cogitate; act, -tuate, -tive, -tual; ex-, trans-, re-, counter-, act; nouns end in -tion, transitive adj. in -tive. AGGER. See Gerere. ALA, (cont. for axilla.) a wing; alacrity; aliped; axilla, the part of the arm next the shoulder; alert (?), through Fr. aisle. ALBUS, white; albino; alb, the white surplice; (Albion, Britain, from its white southern cliffs?), alp, applied to snow-covered mountains, has been connected with albus: compare Himalaya, the snowy mountains, and Lebanon, the milk-white mountain. ALERE, to nourish; aliment, -tary; alumnus coalesce, to grow or be nourished together, coalition. ALIUS, (Gr. allos,) another; alter, another of two; alienate; (alias, (else,) alibi, elsewhere, law terms); alter, alternate, (poet. altern, Milton,) altercate, -ation; through Gr. allophyllic. ALTUS, high; altar, altitude, (alto, contralto, in music and architecture,) exalt, -tation; (through Fr haut, haughty.) AMARE, to love; amor, love, amicus, one who loves, a friend; amiable, amateur; amour, amorous, inamorata; amicable, inimical, enemy, amity. AMPLUS (Gr. anapleos, full,) large; ample, -lify, -litude; example (?). ANGERE, (Gr. achos, grief,) to vex; to stifle; anguish, anxious, -xiety. ANGULUS,3 a bend, a corner angle; tri-, quadr-, multangular; angle, a fish-hook. ANIMUS, (Gr. anemos, wind,) the mind; anima, the vital principle; animal, -mate, -malcule; 1 Ag is one of the few original syllables to which etymologists reduce all the formations of languages. 2 Examine is said to be from examen, a swarm of bees, the latter being from exāgimen -exagmen, examen, from exigere, to drive out. 3 These words seem allied to Gr. ankōn, the elbow; implying bending or crookedness; angere, will thus mean to distress by bending or compression, ie, of the throat (?). Compare Ger. crank, sick, with Eng crank, bent, crooked. equanimity; magn-, pusil-, unanimous. ANNUS, a year, (properly a ring; dim annulus ;) annual, annuity, -tant; annals, list; anniversary, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinqu-, sex-, sept-, oct-, nov-, dec-, vic-, tric-, cent-, millenial: the nouns end in -um, as millennium; the occasions in ary, as biennary, &c.; annular, late; solemn, (Lat. sollennis,) said to be derived from solere, to be wont, and annus, and to allude to periodic occasions of sacrifices, &c. ANTIQUUS, ancient, (from ante, before,) antique, -quity, -quarian; antic, old-fashioned, hence grotesque; a character in the mediæval masques and farces; his gambols and grimaces; "there the Antic sits," Shaksp. APEX, a summit; a tassel which the Roman High Priest (Flamen) wore on the top of his cap. APPELLARE, (from pellare, obs.) to name, to call; ap-, re-peal, appellant-appellation, -ative, interpellation; peal; bellow (?). APTARE. to fit; apt; adapt, -ation. AQUA, water; aqueous, aquatic; aqueduct, Aquarius; through Fr. ewer. AQUILA, an eagle, a constellation; aquiline; hawk. ARARE, (cognate probably with Gr. charassein, to carve,) to plough, i.e., to cut the soil; ear, v. and n., earth, earing, seed time; arable. ARBOR, a tree; arboraceous-, rescent, arbour, bower. ARCA, a chest; ark; arcanum, a secret of nature. The "Grand Arcanum," the " Philosophers' Stone" of the alchemists, was the discovery of a substance that should transmute metals into gold, and of an elixir that should render man immortal. ARCERE, to repel, as with a sword; exercise. i.e., practise any movement actively; coerce, -cion, -cive. ARCUS, a bow; arc, arch, archer, (arrow?) arblast (old arlblast), i.e. arcubalista, a gigantic crossbow. ARDERE, to burn; arduus, aspiring like flame, difficult; ardent, ardour, ardescent, arson; arduous. ARERE, to be dry; arid, arefy, arefaction, area, originally a threshing-floor on which corn was dried; arena, sand from its dryness, applied to the sanded space on which gladiatorial combats were fought in the Roman amphitheatre. ARMA, strictly defensive arms; dis-, unarm; armament; Sp. Armada, Armadillo; armour. armistice; alarm, (Fr. a l'arme, i.e., aux armes! the war-cry ;) 'larum, Shaksp.; armipotent. ARS, art; -ist, -istic, -isan, -ificial, -ificer, ful, -less; inert, inertia. ARTUS, a joint; article, -ticulate; Articulata, one of the zoological orders of Cuvier's system. ASPER, rough; exasperate; austere, -rity (?); stern has sometimes been connected with this adjective. ASTRUM, (Gr. astron,) a star, dis aster, sinister (left-handed), words founded on the omens of astrology; astral. astronomy. AUDERE, to dare; audacious, -city. AUDIRE, to hear; auris, the ear; audit, -or, -dience, -dible; obey. (from Fr. obeir, cont. for Lat. obedire,) obedience; auricle, -ricular, -rist; auscultation, medical examination by the ear; see Colĕre. AUGERE, to increase; auctus, increased; auctor, an increaser, originator; auxilium, help; aug 1 The syllable or syllables denoting water appear in very various cognate forms in the Indo-European languages. Celtic, ach; Lat. aqua; It. acqua; Sp. aqua, (Malaga lit. bad water.) Aa, name of several continental rivers; Aachan, the waters, Aix-la-Chapelle -Esk, Usk, Ouse, Isis, names of British rivers; Fr. eau; Eng. ooze, wal-er;-exhibit some of its varieties. ment, -ation; august; Augustan; auction (through Fr. author, -ize; authentic); autumn; auxiliary; cognate with augere, is the verb of salutation, ave, hail! AULA. a hall; aulic. AURUM, gold; aurora, morning; aurora borealis, lit. northern morning; orange, (Fr. or,) a golden-coloured fruit; aureate, poet.; auriferous; ore. AVERE, (Gr. auein, to breathe,) to pant after, desire; avarice, -ricious, avidity. Avis, a bird; aviary; auspices, auspicious, augur, inaugurate, words founded on the practice of taking omens from the flight and voices of birds. Axis, (Gr. axon,) a turning line; axle. BACCHUS, in Gr. sounded Banchos, bacchanal, debauch, banquet. BACULUS, (Gr. bazein, to go,) a staff; imbecile, (weak; forced to lean on a staff.) BARBA, a beard; barb, embarb, barber.1 BATUERE, to strike; beat; beetle, a mallet; an insect which blindly strikes; v. to project or overhang; bat; baton; batter; combat; bait, to tease, as bear-bait. BEATUS, blessed; beatific, Beatrice, beatitude. BELLUM, war; said to be from duo, two, as if for duellum; rebel, -lion, belligerent; bellicose, used humorously; bellipotent, an epithet of the god Mars. BELLUS, beautiful; belle, embellish, beauty, (through Fr. beau.) BENE, well; benignus, kind; bonus, good; Benedictine, (the order of the monks of St. Benedict,) benediction,benefaction. -tor; benefice, (now limited to church livings, originally applied to all feudally granted property,) benefit; benevolence, (in English history a species of arbitrary tax :) benison; benign; bounty, (Fr. bonté,) bounteous; boon. BIBERE, to drink; imbibe, -bition, bibulous, bibber, through Fr. beverage. BIs, twice; bini, two by two; bicipital, fidated, -furcated; binocular, -partite, -ped, -pennated, -valve, sect; biscuit; binary; combine. BRACHIUM, an arm; brachial, through Fr. brace, embrace. BREVIS, short; brief; breve and semibreve in music; abbreviate; abridge; breviary. BRUTUS, insensate; brute, -tish, -tal, -tify; embrute. BULLA, a bubble of water, anything round; boil, ebullition; bullet, bull. the circular metal seal of Papal edicts applied to the edict itself; ball, bell, balloon, billow, ballot, ballad, bulge, bulk; probably the different forms of this root are cognate with Gr. ballein, to throw; from which many words are directly taken, as problem, symbol, parable, parabola, the curve of projectiles; balista. CABALLUS, a work-horse; cavalier, a name of the Royalist party in England in the 17th century; as an adj. it means supercilious; cavalry; cavalcade; through Fr. chevalier; chivalry, -ric. CADERE, to fall; casus, fallen, n. chance; comp. cido; cadence, "cadent tears," Shaksp.; cascade, decay (Fr.), decadence; case, casual, casualty, casuist; coincide, deciduous, incident, -dence, -dental; occident, -al; occasion. CAEDERE, to cut; caesus, cut; comp.-cido, -cisus; decide, -cision, -sive; affix -cide, denoting murders or their perpetrators, tili(child), fratri- (brother), infanti 1 Barbarous, arian, applied by the Greeks and Romans to all other nations, is said to be derived from the Greek bays, heavy, hence rude, uncivilized. From burys we have other vocables, as barometer, barytone. Barb, a horse from Barbary. |