some other delegates, (though the marquis staid not for their resolution, but in this interval married Elizabeth, daughter of the lord Brooke, [lord Cobham]), he searched so diligently into the Scriptures first, and then into the opinions of fathers and doctors, that his collection swelled into a volume, yet remaining in the hands Bp. of Wigorn. of a learned bishop of this realm; the sum whereof is Hist. Ref. vol. ii. p. 56. digested by the bishop of Sarums. Cranmer seemed to allow of marriage in the innocent person. : He was a means also to the council of forbidding Processions forbid by processions wherein the people carried candles on Can- his means. dlemas-day, ashes on Ash-Wednesday, palms on PalmSunday; because he saw they were used so much to superstition, and looked like festivals to the heathen gods. So that this year on Candlemas-day, the old custom of bearing candles in the church, and on Ash-Wed-Stow. nesday following, giving ashes in the church, was left off through the whole city of London. the offices of He was a member of a committee this winter, appointed Examines to examine all the offices of the church, and to consider the church. where they needed reformation, and accordingly to reform them. Of this commission were most of the bishops, and several others of the most learned divines in the nation. And a new office for the communion was by them prepared, and by authority set forth, as was observed before', and received all over England. [See Burnet's Hist. of Reformat. vol. ii. pp. 115-120. ed. Oxon. 1829.] h ["And on the 2. of February, being the feast of the purification of our lady, commonly called Candlemas-day, the bearing of candles in the church was left off throughout the whole city of London."-"The Wednesday i [See above, p. 40.] The archbishop puts CHAPTER V. THE ARCHBISHOP'S CATECHISM. THIS year the archbishop put forth a very useful catechism, intituled, "A short instruction to Christian recatechism. ligion, for the singular profit of children and young forth a people." This catechism went not by way of question and answer, but contained an easy exposition of the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the 160 two Sacraments. The first and second commandments were put together as one, and the whole recital of the second omitted, according to the use in those times. But that commandment is explained under the first. The substance of this book is grave, serious, and sound doctrine. It is said in the title-page, "to be overseen and corrected by the archbishop." Indeed it was a catechism wrote originally in the German language, for the use of the younger sort in Nuremburg; translated into Latin by Justus Jonas junior, who now was entertained by the archbishop in his family; and thence turned into our vulgar tongue by the said archbishop, or his special order. But it is certain, so great a hand he had therein, that in the archbishop's first book of the sacrament, he said, that it was "translated by himself, and set forthk." Bishop Gardiner, in his book against the archbishop, takes advantage of two things in this catechism against him, as though he himself, when he put it forth, was of the opinion of the corporal presence. The one was a picture that stood before the book, where was an altar with candles lighted, and the priest apparelled after the old sort, putting the wafer into the communicant's mouth'. The other is an expression or two used somewhere in the book, "That with our bodily mouths we receive the body and blood of Christ:" and, "that in the sacrament we receive truly the body and blood of Christ:" and, "this we must believe, if we will be counted Christian men." But to both, Cranmer in his next book against Gardiner made answer, "That as for the picture, it was that was set before the Dutch edition of the book, and so none of his doing; but that he afterwards caused the popish picture to be altered into a picture representing Christ eating his last supper with his disciples. As for the expressions," he said, "he taught, that we in the sacrament do receive the body and blood of Christ spiritually; and that the words really and substantially were not used, but trulym." 1["But with such matter he filleth his leaves, and forgetting himself, maketh mention of the catechism by him translate, the original whereof confuteth these two parts of this book in few words, being printed in Germany, wherein, besides the matter written, is set forth in picture the manner of the ministering of this sacrament; where is the altar, with candle-light set forth, the priest apparelled after the old sort, and the man to receive kneeling, bare head, and holding up his hands, whiles the priest ministereth the host to his mouth, a matter as clear contrary to the matter of this book, as is light and darkness, which now this author would colour with speeches of authors in a book written to instruct rude children; which is as slender an excuse as ever was heard, and none at all, when the original is looked on."-Gardiner's Explication, &c. touching the Sacrament of the altar.-Id. pp. 226, 7.] m["And as concerning the catechism, I have sufficiently answered in my former book. But in this place may appear to them that have any judgment, what And a book against un written verities. And in his answer to Dr. Richard Smith's" preface, wrotė against the said archbishop, who it seems had twitted him also with this catechism, he spake largely of these his expressions in his own vindication°. There was another book of the archbishop's against Unwritten verities, which I do by conjecture place here, as put forth under this year, or near this time. Which pithy arguments you make, and what dexterity you have in gathering of author's minds, that would gather my mind, and make an argument here of a picture, neither put in my book, nor by me devised, but invented by some fond painter or carver, which paint and grave whatsoever their idle heads can fancy. You should rather have gathered your argument upon the other side, that I mislike the matter be cause I left out of my book the picture that was in the original before. And I marvel you be not ashamed to allege so vain a matter against me, which indeed is not in my book, and if it were, yet were it nothing to the purpose. And in that catechism I teach not, as you do, that the body and blood of Christ is contained in the sacrament, being reserved, but that in the ministration thereof we receive the body and blood of Christ; whereunto if it may please you to add or understand this word, 'spiritually,' then is the doctrine of my catechism sound and good in all men's ears, which trow the true doctrine of the sacraments." Id. p. 227. Facsimiles of the engravings prefixed to the exposition of the Lord's Supper in the original Latin catechism of Justus Jonas, and of that which was substituted in the English translation may be seen in Jenkyns' Remains of abp. Cranmer, vol. iii. P. 345-1 n [See vol. i. p. 178. n. 2.] ["And if D. Smith understood him (i. e. Peter Martyr) otherwise in his lectures at the beginning, it was for lack of knowledge, for that then D. Smith understood not the matter, nor yet doth not, as it appeareth by this foolish and unlearned book, which he hath now set out; no more than he understood my book of the catechism, and therefore reporteth untruly of me, that I in that book did set forth the real presence of Christ's body in the sacrament." The Answer to Smith's Preface.-See abp. Cranmer's Works, vol. i. P. 374. Park. Soc. ed.] o["It is stated in the title-page that this Confutation of Unwritten verities,' was made by Thomas Cranmer, late archbishop of Canterbury,' and 'translated and set I suppose Dr. Smith nibbled at in his book of traditions, which this year he recanted. The book was in Latin, and consisted only of allegations out of the Bible and ancient forth by E. P. Strype goes farther, and supposes that it was not only 'made' by the archbishop, but published by him in Latin in 1547. Yet it certainly was not 'made' by Cranmer in its present form for the Preface and some other parts were avowedly written by the translator. And it may be doubted, whether it was ever prepared by him for publication at all; no complete copy of it in Latin, either printed or in manuscript, having been yet discovered. The citations however, of which the work chiefly consists, are for the most part to be found in one of the archbishop's commonplace books in the British Museum, arranged under the same heads as in the Confutation.' And hence, perhaps, it may be conjectured, that, according to his usual practice, he formed a collection of authorities on the subject for his private use; that this collection fell after his death into the hands of the person designated by the letters E. P.; and that it was moulded by him, by addition, omission, and transposition, into the shape in which it now appears. Under these circumstances it cannot safely be quoted as evidence of Cranmer's tenets, and perhaps it scarcely ought to be admitted into a collection of his works.― Strype has ascribed to Cranmer another tract on Unwritten verities, published anonymously in 1548. But he does not bring forward any evidence in support of his opinion; and as he has manifestly fallen into much confusion on this matter, his judgment is of no great weight. And it is clear that the Confutation' .. is the only work on this subject by the archbishop, which was known to his contemporary Bale." -Jenkyns' Remains of abp. Cranmer, vol. iv. p. 144.-"The probability is, that Strype confounded this short tract with a larger book bearing a similar title, which was put forth in 1557 by an exile, designating himself by the initials E. P., and which professed to be a translation from the Latin of the archbishop. But neither is this larger book free from all suspicion. Notwithstanding the statement in its title-page, bishop Tanner* has remarked, that though written, it seems never to have been printed in Latin: and it is indeed not unlikely, that it was com * "The following is his remark: Confutation of Unwritten verities, written against Rich. Smith's book, De veritatibus non scriptis; qui liber Latine scriptus, nunquam ut mihi quidem videtur, in ea lingua impressus fuit.'-Tanner, Bibliotheca." |