consult the homily itself before he pass his judgment upon Cranmer's argument, as it is here represented by one that was none of his friend. In fine, he said, "There were as many faults in that homily of Salvation as he had been weeks in prison, and that was seven, besides the matter, viz. making a trouble without necessity "."

In short, he charged the archbishop "for troubling the And of the archbishop world with such a needless speculation as this is; for it. because," he said, "that in baptism we are justified, being infants, before we can talk of the justification we strive for. For all men receive their justification in their infancy in baptism: and if they fall after baptism, they must arise again by the sacrament of penance. And so this doctrine," he said, "was to be sent to the universities; where it is meet to be talked and disputed of, and not fit for homilies." And, to disparage further

all I could say of my knowledge: whatsoever my words be of my lord of Canterbury, which the matter enforceth me to speak, I am in none enmity with his person, and that I am able to prove; but my lord hath in the homily of Salvation, taken such a matter in hand, and so handled it, as if I were his extreme enemy, I would have wished him to have taken that piece in hand, and so handled it as he hath done. For that asseveration, how faith excluded charity, can neither be proved by Scripture, nor confirmed by any ancient writer, or persuaded by any effectual argument. And one argument my lord hath devised, which he frameth thus: we be justified by faith without all works

of the law. Charity is a work of

:

the archibishop's judgment, he told the protector, "That if my lord of Canterbury would needs travail in this matter, he should never persuade that faith excluded charity in justification, unless he borrowed prisons of the protector; and then he might percase have some to agree to it as poor men kneel at Rome when the bishop of Rome goeth by, or else are knocked on the head with a halberdy." And then he made some scoffing mention of the strength of God's spirit in the arch151 bishop, and his learning in his laws, so as to be able to overthrow with his breath all untruths, and establish truths. I make no reflection upon all this unseemly language of this bishop, but leave it to the reader to

tified in baptism while younglings,
and falling after baptism, we must
arise by the sacrament of penance,
which must be confessed of all
men, unless they be such as deny
all sacraments, as some have done
in deed, wading so far in the sift-
ing of only faith that they have
left nothing but faith alone, and
yet spent a great deal of their faith
in the handling of it, or rather all.
And that is a general fault I find,
that such as write in that matter,
do not handle it faithfully, in al-
leging the doctors and Scriptures
right as they be. Now if this be
true that I have written, which is
true indeed, were it not an hor-
rible part of you to say, 'why
trouble ye the world for a thing
not necessary,' and so put it from
the country, and make it, as it
were, a chequer-chamber case?
And so to be sent to the univer-
sities, for whom it is meet soberly

to talk, and not for homilies; wherein the people shall hear that they shall never practice, because they learn it too late, being justified before in their infancy in baptism." Id. p. 745.]

y ["And it is a terrible matter to think on, to see such a contention to rise upon a matter not necessary to be spoken of; wherein if my lord of Canterbury will needs travail, my judgment is, that he shall never persuade that faith excludeth charity in justification, unless he borrow, of your grace's authority, prisons, and then he shall percase have some agree unto it, as poor men kneel at Rome, when the bishop there goeth by; that is

to say,

knocketh on the head with a halbert, if they kneel not, for that is one piece of the office of the bishop of Rome's guard."-Id. pp. 745, 6.]

judge hereby of the learning and spirit that was in him. And could we have retrieved the archbishop's own arguments and replies to these barkings of Winchester, they would have left to the world a full vindication of Cranmer and his doctrine.

ter's cen

Para

As to Erasmus' Paraphrase, the said bishop pretended, Winches"He found divers things in it to condemn the work: and sure of that he agreed with them that said, 'Erasmus laid the Erasmus' eggs, and Luther hatched them :' and that of all the mon- phrase. strous opinions that have risen, evil men had a wondrous occasion ministered to them from that book." He also wrote to the protector the particular objections he made against it. He said, "He might term it in one word 'abomination', both for the malice and untruth of much matter out of Erasmus' pen; and also for the arrogant ignorance of the translator of it: considering that book was authorized by the king, and a charge was laid upon the realm of twenty thousand pounds, by enjoining every parish to buy one whereof he had made an estimate by the probable number of buyers, and the price of the book. He

z ["First, as touching the book of Paraphrasis, whereof I wrote to your grace special faults, and others I have to shew as great as they, I trust. And [I] doubt not the matter itself shall sufficiently declare, that I have done well to speak against that book, assuring your grace that since my coming to prison, many days together when I looked on it, I saw every day some new thing in such sort of fault, as ought worthily to condemn the work. I have favoured Erasmus' name as much as any other, but I never studied over

this book till now, and now I
agree with them that said, 'Eras-
mus laid the eggs, and Luther
hatched them:' adding further,
that of all the monstrous opin-
ions that have arisen, evil men
had a wondrous occasion minis-
tered to them of that book; and
therefore I trust the matter of that
book will purge the evil opinion
as might be gathered of me,
wherein I offer to prove that I
said with any learned man, [un-
der] pain of shame and rebuke,
and to be taken for a malicholic
beast."-Id. p. 744.]

charged the translator with ignorance, both in Latin and English; a man," he said, "far unmeet to meddle with such a matter, and not without malice on his part."

"Finally, the matter he had to shew in both the books was in some part dangerous; and the concealment thereof a great fault, if he did not utter it. And that," he pretended, "made him some while ago write to the council, declaring his mind in relation thereunto"." For which he was sent to the Fleet.

of his com

MSS.c

The true occasion whereof, as I take it from his own His account letter, written with his own hand, which I have before me, mitment. was this. Upon the departure of the lord protector against the Scots, the king's visitors began their visitation. "Then as soon as the bishop heard of the visitation, and Inter Foxii the books of homilies and injunctions were come to his hands, he wrote to the council, trusting, upon such earnest advertisements as he made, they would incontinently have sent for him; and, upon knowledge of so evident matter as he thought he had to shew, would have staid till the protector's return. He saw," as he said, "a determination to do all things suddenly at one time. Whereunto, though the protector had agreed, yet of his wisdom, as the bishop conjectured, he had rather these matters should have tarried till his return, had he not been pressed on both sides,' (an expression which the protector in a letter to him had used). "He reckoned, that if he could have staid this matter in his absence, though by bringing himself into extreme danger, besides his duty to God and the king, he should have done the protector a pleasure, of whom he had this opinion, that willingly and wittingly he would neither break the act of parliament, nor command books to be bought by authority, that contained such doctrine as those books did. Thus he had," he said, "remembrance of his grace in these his letters to the council; but he chiefly made not his grace, but God, his foundation, with the preser-152

some answer by this bearer. And I shall pray Almighty God for the preservation of your grace's felicity. Your grace's humble bead-man."-Id. ibid.]

c

[See Harl. MSS. 417. Plut. Ixiv. F. fol. 84-90. British Mu

seum. Original and holograph.
See also Foxe's Acts and Mo-
numents, pp. 741, 2. 1st ed.
1563, by whom the entire letter
has been printed, to which the
author refers.]