Elements of Political Science, Band 3J. Ballantyne and Company, 1814 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
according accumulation advance advantages amount annual arising ascer branches of trade capital capitalists cent CHAP charge circulating capital circumstances commodities consequently consu consumer contracted contribution dealers debt defalcation defrayed degree demand diminished direct tax dities duty effect employed employment equal evasion evils expenditure expense fraud funding system gross profits gulated imposed income inconvenience increase inhabitants injustice interest labour land land-tax landholders less levied luxuries manner manufacture ment merchant mode national debt national wealth nature necessaries neral occasion oppression ordinary paid parsimony particular person possession prevent priva probably procure produce profit proportion proprietor public burdens public revenue punishment purchase quantity quired raise rate of profit reduced render rent retailer revenue officers rich rise scarcely SECT shillings sinking fund stamp supply tax on sales tion tithe transactions unjust wages Wealth of Nations
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 5 - II. The tax which each individual is bound *' to pay, ought to be certain and not arbitrary." '* III. Every tax ought to be levied at the " time, or in the manner in which it is likely to *' be most convenient for the contributor to pay
Seite 5 - may either take out or keep out of the pockets " of the people a great deal more than it brings " into the public treasury, in the four following -' ways. First, the levying of it may require a " great number of officers, whose salaries may eat " up the greater part of the produce of the tax, " and whose perquisites may impose another
Seite 6 - and employment to great multitudes. " Thirdly, by the forfeitures and other penalties -* which those unfortunate individuals incur who " attempt unsuccessfully to evade the tax, it " may frequently ruin them, and thereby put an " end to the benefit which the community might " have received from the employment of their " capitals. Fourthly, by subjecting the people " to the frequent visits, and odious examination,
Seite 4 - as nearly as possible in proportion to " their respective abilities; that is, in proportion ** to the revenue which they respectively enjoy
Seite 5 - of the people as little as possible, over and " above what it brings into the public treasury " of the state. A tax,
Seite 188 - it back with a profit. Such a tax " must, therefore, occasion a rise in the wages " of labour proportionable to this rise of price. " It is thus that a tax upon the necessaries of " life operates exactly in the same manner as a
Seite 188 - articles which the state of the demand " for labour, whether increasing, stationary, or " declining, requires that he should have. A " tax upon those articles necessarily raises their " price somewhat higher than the amount of the " tax, because the dealer who advances the tax
Seite 6 - tax-gatherers, it may expose them to much " unnecessary trouble, vexation, and oppression, *' and though vexation is not, strictly speaking, " expense, it is certainly equivalent to the
Seite 195 - families. Upon the sober and industrious poor, " taxes upon such commodities act as sumptuary " laws, and dispose them either to moderate or " to refrain altogether from the use of
Seite 188 - will charge upon the price of his goods " this rise of wages, together with a profit; so " that the final payment of the tax, together " with this overcharge, will fall upon the