tors think it highly prudent ro decamp, and to leave them masters of the field.

If any person happens to come near their calves, they clap their heads close to the ground, and lie like a hare, to hide themselves. The Doctor adds, that he himself, traverfing the park, found one of their calves, which, although weak, instantly got up, and bolted at him with all its force, and bellowing aloud, alarmed the whole herd, who, rushing with impetuofity against the supposed aggreffor, obliged the son of Æsculapius to make a precipitate

retreat.

It is remarkable of these gregarious and highly social animals, that when any one happens to be wounded with the shots of the huntsman, or has become weak through age or fickness, the rest of the herd set upon it, and gore it to death!-Porpoises, and various other creatures, do the same to their wounded afsociates.

The jaw-bone, seemingly of a cow, or ox, of vast fize and folidity, is among Mr. Buddle's natural curiosities, and was found deep in the fite of the Roman camp, or caftrum. He has likewise a sheep's or goat's skull, of very fingular shape and dimension; also urns of pottery, very curious, of red, yellow, and dark brown colours. One is beautifully adorned with figures, in different compartments, like females carrying baskets of flowers, fruits, &c. on their heads. Many handles of urns, &c. but much shattered and mutilated. A stone, about fix inches square, perforated with round holes, with curious devices, apparently used for colours, some of which are yet perfectly visible.

Meffrs. Buddle informed us, that in digging a foundation for their dwelling-house, out-houses, and garden, scarcely a spade or mattock turned up the foil, but along with it bones, horns, fragments of vefsels, arms, &c. appeared.

What was particularly interesting, among other pieces of information, these gentlemen told us, that, in turning up the foil, about eighteen months ago, they discovered a causeway leading to a wharf, on the bank of the river, perfectly visible and distinct.

As the Roman wall terminated here, the south and east fides of the fort, or caftrum, were traced, while the foffa, on the east side, was quite easily difcerned.

About fixty or eighty yards to the south-west of Mr. Buddle's house, on digging deep for clay to make bricks, many foundations of buildings were discovered; and falling among fome deep trenches, or ditches, numbers of human bones and skeletons were found.

This probably was the cemeterium, or buryingplace, belonging to the camp, which seems to have been very extensive at this place, and where they deposited the bodies of their deceased friends, either by inhumating the corpses, or selecting their bones from the funeral piles, and putting them in urns, placed them in this recefs of filence, and of death!

Coins, of different dimensions, have likewise been found; but their legends are utterly defaced by time.

All writers on Roman antiquities, Ptolemy, Gronovius, Lipfius, Kennet, Dempster, and others, uniformly observe, that those martial people, in their encampments, always chose a declivity, or some

eminence, floping down towards a river, or running water: and Dr. Horley says, that the Romans, in choosing the situation for the vast undertaking now under review, fixed "the station at Wallsend with " its fouthern rampart facing the fun, and floping " quite down to the river Tyne."

The next was, where Bees-houses stood, now called Store-houses, near Walker, where the vestiges of Severus' wall were perfectly discernable; but, by a late resolution of the proprietors of the lands through which the wall had its direction, the fossa, and the whole fite of the wall, are dug up, and converted into valuable arable land, from Wallsend to Bykerhill. The antiquary views these devastations of the labours of ancient times with a figh, while the hufbandman drives his plow-share with unconcern thro those ditches and mounds, where once gleamed hoftile arms. These former scenes of death are now covered with the yellow harvest. - A transformation furely infinitely better for the felicity of mankind!

But, in tracing the direction of the Roman wall, we find that it ran quite through Newcastle. Camden, in his Britannia, makes no doubt of this having been the cafe, and says, "It is most certain, that "the rampart, and afterwards the wall of Severus, "paffed through this town, viz. Newcastle; and " at PAMPEDON, or PANDON-GATE, there still remains, " as it's thought, one of the little turrets of that

very wall." There was, indeed, a turret of fingular structure over the gate at Pandon; the masonry of which was quite different from that of the town wall. That it was ancient to a proverb, is well known among the commonalty of Newcastle; nothing being more general than, when they would

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describe the great antiquity of any thing, to say, "It's as old as Pandon-gate." This venerable remain of antiquity, forming part of Severus' wall, was taken down by an order of the magistrates of Newcastle, to widen the passage, in the year 1796.

Near where this turret stood is the Wall Knoll, a very ancient place; which, Mr. Grey positively says, was part of the Roman wall. The name itself seems to indicate as much; for the wall upon the knoll, or eminence, can only be understood of the Roman wall; because it had this name from very ancient times, says Bourne, long before the building of the town wall, to which it lies quite contiguous.

A little above Pandon, on the height, stands the Carpenters' Tower. This too, says the fame author, was one of the Roman towers, as could easily be difcerned before the taking down of the turrets, which was done to build a commodious room for the company of Shipwrights, or Carpenters.

Ancient tradition says, that the Roman wall went through the West Gate, and the vicar's garden, along that ground where St. Nicholas' church now stands, by the Wall Knoll, Sally-port, and so on to Wallfend.

This is extremely probable, as it may still be in the recollection of many of the inhabitants of Newcastle, that from the west end of the narrow street called the Low-bridge, to the east end of St. Nicholas' church-yard, a bridge, constructed of large and massive stones, of vast heighth, and evidently of Roman architecture, was thrown over a frightful dean, now a spacious and beautiful street, full of splendid shops and dwelling-houses.

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Hollingshead, in tracing the course of the Roman wall, in his description of Britain, says, that its most western extent was at Bolness upon Burgh, and following the respective stations for the cohorts, he brings it to Rutchester; it then paffes to Heddon, Walbottle, Denton, and from thence to Newcastle.

In a manuscript of the late John Milbank, Esq. and communicated to Mr. Bourne, there is given a short and circumstantial account of this celebrated monument of ancient Roman greatness. "Adrian," says this gentleman, " built a wall of turf or fods, from "the sea-fide, beyond Carlifle, unto Tynemouth. It

was overthrown by the inroads of the northern "nations, after the emperor had left the ifsland; but "Severus built, near the same site, another wall of "stone, and erected towers and other places for "watching at every mile's end, and a passage ran through the whole extent of the wall, by which, with a horn, or fome hollow instrument, they could " give intelligence of the approach of the enemy, " from station to station, almost in an inftant, for the "course of eighty miles. I myself," adds Mr. Milbank, "have seen the wall, at Thirlwall, and it takes " its direction by Portgate, near Stagshawbank, by "Halton, near the Long Lane, where both the walls

are apparent; as also at Denton, over Benwell"hill, down to the West Gate, in Newcastle." And he concludes by observing, "You may fee it down "the hill, by Mr. Leonard Carr's house, (in Pilgrim

street, near where Mr. Robson's inn now stands) "and over Walker Moor to Wallsend."

As it does not fall within the plan of our work, which is principally confined to a descriptive and fuccinct account of Newcastle, we shall not trespass much