The Works of Benjamin Franklin

- Lord Stormont. - Application of Foreign Officers for Employ-

ment in the American Army. — Lafayette. Reasons why the

French delay to enter into a Treaty with the United States.

Interview with Count de Vergennes on that Subject. - Treaty of

Amity and Commerce. - Treaty of Alliance.. - Franklin and the

other Commissioners introduced at Court. .

CHAPTER XI.

Preparations for War between France and England. - M. Gérard. -

Mr. John Adams. - Secret Advances made to Dr. Franklin for

effecting a Reconciliation between England and the United States.

- Mr. Hutton. Mr. Pulteney. Mr. Hartley. - An Emissary

in Disguise. - Franklin's personal Friends in Paris. - Interview

with Voltaire. Franklin appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to the

Court of France. Machinations of his Enemies to procure his

Recall. Mr. Arthur Lee. — Mr. Ralph Izard. — Visit of Sir Wil-

liam Jones to Paris. -Franklin instructs the American Cruisers

not to seize Captain Cook's Vessel. - Grants Passports to Vessels

carrying Supplies to the Moravian Missionaries on the Coast of Lab-

rador. Paul Jones. - The Marquis de Lafayette. - Mr. Vaughan's

Edition of Franklin's Political and Miscellaneous Writings.

A French Army sent to the United States. - Lafayette. - Northern

Powers of Europe combine in Defence of Neutrals. - Franklin's

Opinion of Privateering. — Correspondence between Count de

Vergennes and Mr. Adams. Franklin's Remarks upon it. -

Charges against Franklin by his Enemies, examined and refuted.

New Attempt in Congress to procure his Recall.

Vergennes's Opinion of him as Minister at the French Court.

The numerous Duties of his Office. - Colonel John Laurens.

Franklin proposes to retire from the Public Service. - New Prop-

ositions for Peace, through the Agency of Mr. Hartley. Frank-

lin's Answer to them. His Friends at Passy and Auteuil..

Madame Brillon. Madame Helvétius.

459

CHAPTER XIII.

Negotiations for Peace. - Debates on the Subject in the British

Parliament. - Change of Ministry. - Mr. Oswald sent to Paris to

consult Dr. Franklin on the Mode of Negotiating. - Grenville's

Commission; disapproved by Franklin. Mr. Fox's Views of In-

dependence. Lord Shelburne's Administration. Mr. Fitzher-

bert. Mr. Oswald commissioned to negotiate the American Trea-

ty.- Essential Articles of the Treaty proposed by Franklin. -

Advisable Articles. Mr. Jay disapproves Mr. Oswald's Com-

mission. - An Alteration required and obtained.

- Progress of

the Treaty. Independence, Boundaries, Fisheries. Attempts

of the British Ministry to secure the Indemnification of the Loy-

alists. Mr. Adams joins his Colleagues and resists the British

Claims. Franklin proposes an Article for Indemnifying the

Americans for their Losses during the War. British Claims

relinquished. Treaty signed. Ratified by Congress.

CHAPTER XIV.

Treaty signed without the Knowledge of the Court of France.

- Count de Vergennes's Opinion of the Treaty. Unfounded Sus-

picions. Rayneval and Marbois. - Franklin's Explanation of the

Grounds upon which he acted.-False Rumor concerning his Ex-

ertions in obtaining the Boundaries and Fisheries. - His Financial

Contract with Count de Vergennes. - Negotiates a Treaty with

Sweden. Mr. Hartley. - Definitive Treaty of Peace signed.

Franklin's Sentiments on this Occasion. Animal Magnetism.-

Negotiations. His Request to be recalled is finally granted by

Congress. -Treaty with Prussia. - Franklin prepares to return

Home. Journey from Passy to Havre de Grace.

Southampton and arrives in Philadelphia.

Receives congratulatory Letters and Addresses. - Chosen President

of Pennsylvania, and holds the Office three Years. His private

Circumstances. Appointed a Delegate to the Convention for

Framing the Constitution of the United States. - His Speeches in

the Convention. - His Religious Opinions. - Extracts from Dr.

Cutler's Journal describing an Interview with him. - President of

the Society for Political Inquiries. Neglect of Congress to exam-

ine and settle his Accounts. - Various Pieces written by him dur-

ing the last Year of his Life. His Illness and Death. - Funeral

Ceremonies. Tribute of Respect paid to him by Congress and

other Public Bodies. Conclusion.

511

APPENDIX.

I. Remarks on the Origin and Genealogy of the Franklin Family,

II. Journal of a Voyage from London to Philadelphia,

III. Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania,

IV. American Philosophical Society, .

V. Extracts from a Private Journal,

579

VI. Extracts from a Private Journal,

587

VII. Proceedings of Congress, and of the National Assembly of

France, on the Death of Franklin,

ESSAYS AND TRACTS, HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL, BEFORE THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION,

AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE CONSTITUTION AND
GOVERNMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA,

VOLUME IV.

ESSAYS AND TRACTS, HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL, BEFORE THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION, CONTINUED.

VOLUME V.

POLITICAL PAPERS, DURING AND AFTER THE AMERICAN REVO-

LUTION,

LETTERS AND PAPERS ON ELECTRICITY,

APPENDIX.

251

523

105

171

I. Watson's Abstract of Franklin's Electrical Experiments and

Observations,

II. Letter from the Abbé Nollet to Benjamin Franklin,

III. Speech of the Earl of Macclesfield, President of the Royal

Society, on the Occasion of awarding to Franklin a Medal

for his Discoveries in Electricity,

487

493

499

IV. Letter from John Baptist Beccaria to Benjamin Franklin,

V. Letter from Professor Thorbern Bergman, of Upsal, to Ben-

505

jamin Wilson,

VI. Letter from M. Dubourg to M. de Lor. Parallel between

the Theories of Franklin and Nollet,

514

VOLUME VI.

LETTERS AND PAPERS ON PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS.

VOLUME VII.

CORRESPONDENCE.

PART FIRST; COMPRISING PRIVATE LETTERS TO THE TIME OF

THE AUTHOR'S FIRST MISSION TO ENGLAND. 1725-1757.

PART SECOND; COMPRISING LETTERS, PRIVATE AND OFFICIAL,

FROM THE TIME OF THE AUTHOR'S FIRST MISSION TO ENG-

LAND, TO THE BEGINNING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

1757-1775.

VOLUME VIII.

CORRESPONDENCE.

PART SECOND, CONTINUED,

PART THIRD; COMPRISING LETTERS, PRIVATE AND OFFICIAL,

FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, TO

THE END OF THE AUTHOR'S MISSION TO FRANCE.

1785.

APPENDIX.

1775-

I. A Fragment of Polybius; from his Treatise on the Athenian

Government,

II. Memoir of Sir John Dalrymple; or a Project of Lord Roch-

ford to prevent the War,

VOLUME X.

CORRESPONDENCE.

PART THIRD, CONTINUED,

PART FOURTH; COMPRISING PRIVATE LETTERS FROM THE
TERMINATION OF THE AUTHOR'S MISSION TO FRANCE, TO
THE END OF HIS LIFE.

SUPPLEMENT,

INDEXES.

1785-1790.

215

427

I. List of the Author's Writings, chronologically arranged,

II. Letters written by Franklin to Individuals and Public Bodies,

III. Letters addressed to Franklin by various Persons,

IV. Miscellaneous Letters,

Books

The Works of Benjamin Franklin: Containing Several Political and ..., Band 1