nai -ăd, nā -Id, s. [Lat. naias (genit. naiadis), from Gr. naias (genit. naiados) = a water-nymph, from naō to flow; Fr. naiade; Ital. najade; Sp. nayade.]

1. Gr. & Rom. Myth.: A water-nymph; one of a number of female deities who presided over fount ains, rivers, brooks, &c. The number of the god desses was indefinite. In his Georgics (iv.) Virgil enumerates sixteen; and Ovid, in his Elegies (iii.64), speaks of at least one hundred in the river Anio. The most beautiful of the naiads is said to have been Egle; and, according to Homer, many of the old Greek heroes were the offspring of these deities, who are represented as beautiful women, having their heads crowned with rushes, and reclining against urns from which water is flowing.

2. Bot. (pl.): The English name given by Lindley to the order Naiadace (q. v.).

3. Zool.: One of the Unionida.

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(7) Mode of manufacture: As wrought, cut, cast. who had never exercised any other trade but that of mak "I have seen several boys, under twenty years of age, ing nails."-Smith: Wealth of Nations, bk. i., ch. i. *3. A spike.

"And som han driven nailes in hir brain,

While that they slepe, and thus thay han hem slain."
Chaucer: C. T., 6,351.

4. A stud or boss.

"The desk with silver nails." Swift. (Richardson.)

naked

nail -ĕr-ěss, s. [Eng. nailer; -ess.] A female maker of nails.

nail -er-y, s. [Eng. nail; -ery.] A place where nails are made; a nail factory.

näil -wõrt, s. [Eng. nail, and wort.]

Botany: (1) Draba verna; (2) Saxifraga tridac tylites.

näin, a. [Formed from nine ain, the final n of mine being incorrectly tacked onto ain=own.] Own. (Scotch.)

nāin-sell, s. [Scotch nain=own, and sell=self.]

6. A stamping instrument. 7. A finger-nail.

II. Technically:

1. Bot. The length of the nail of the little finger; half an inch.

2. Blasting: A taper copper rod used in tamping, to make a hole by which the fuse or train may reach the charge.

Bot. An order of Endogens, alliance Hydrales. It consists of plants living in fresh or salt water. The leaves, which are very cellular, have parallel veins and membranous interpetiolarstipules. Flow ers small, often in terminal spikes; the perianth generally of two or four pieces, deciduous or want ing; stamens definite, hypogynous; stigma simple; ovaries, one or more, superior: ovule oblong, erect,

or pendulous; fruit dry, one-celled, one-seeded. The Naiadace are of low organization. Found in temperate and tropical countries. There are nine known genera, and sixteen species.

naî -ǎd-ēş, s. pl. [Latin pl. of naias=a naiad (q. v.).]

1. Gr. & Rom. Antiq.: [NAIAD, 1.]

2. Bot.: Jussieu's name for the order now called Naiadaces (q. v.).

3. Zoology: Lamarck's name for the Unionida (q. v.).

nā -iant (i as y), a. [Fr.]

Her.: The same as NAYANT (q. v.). nai -ǎs, na-jas, s. [NAIAD.] Bot.: The typical genus of the order Naiadace. It has submerged linear leaves, unisexual flowers, males membranous in spathes with one stamen and a four-celled anther; females naked. Fruit a small drupe, with one seed. Eight are known.

na-ick, s. [NAIK.]

nå-1-dæ, na-id-1-dæ, s. pl. [Latin na (is), or genit. naid (is); fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

Zoology: A genus of Oligochaeta, division Oligocheta Limicola. Chief genera: Nais, Aulophorus, Chatogaster, and Lumbriculus. Before they attain maturity reproduction is asexual.

nā-id-1-dæ, s. pl. [Lat. nais, genit. naid(is); fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.] [NAIDE.]

na-îf, a. [Fr.] [NAIVE.]

+1. Ord. Lang.: Frank, ingenuous, artless, naive. 2. Jewel.: Applied to jewels which have a natural luster without being cut.

nāig, s. [NAG, 8.] (Scotch.)

na -ik, na -ick, na-ique (que as k), s. [Hind.] A sepoy corporal, ranking next to the havildar or sergeant.

nail, *nayl, *nayle, s. [A. S. nægel; cogn. with Dut. nugel; Icel. nagl=the human nail; naglia spike, a peg; Dan. nagle; Sw. nagel; Goth. *nagls; Ger. nagel; Lith. nagas a claw, a nail; Russ. nogote a nail; Sansc. nakha a nail of the finger or toe: Lat. unguis; Gr. onyx; Gael. & lr. ionga; Wel. ewin.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. In the same sense as II. 1.

2. A sharp, narrow piece of metal for attaching objects by driving it into or through them. It differs from a spike or a tack in being smaller than one and larger than the other; from a screw in that the latter is not driven but twisted into the wood; from a brad in having a head, while the brad has but a spur. Nails are assorted as to:

(1) Purpose: As hurdle, pail, fencing, slating, &c. (2) Form of the heads: As rose, clasp, diamond, countersunk, &c.

(3) Form of points: As flat, sharp, spear, clinch. (4) Thickness: As fine, bastard, strong.

(5) Size: From 11⁄2-lb. to 40-lbs.; that is, 1,000 nails of a given size will weigh so many pounds, as tenpound nails, whence, by reversion to the original meaning of the word penny, ten-penny nails. (6) Material: As copper, galvanized, &c.

bổìl, boy; pổùt, jowl; cat,

for or cause of anything. nail-ball, s.

Ordn.: An iron ball with a tail-pin projecting from it, to keep it from turning in the bore of the piece.

nail-brush, s. A small brush for cleaning the finger-nails.

nail-clincher, subst. A blacksmith's tool for clinching the point end of a nail, or what remains of it, against the hoof. nail-file, s. A small, flat, single-cut file for trimming the finger-nails. nail-head, s.

1. Ord. Lang.: The head of a nail. 2. Arch.: The same as Nail-headed Molding (q. v.). Nail-head tool:

Iron-turning: A lathe-tool having a circular expansion with a sharp edge, causing it to resemble in some degree a nail-head. One edge is supported on the rest, and the other is applied to the work to

be turned.

nail-headed, a. Shaped so as to resemble the head of a nail.

Nail-headed Characters: The same headed characters (q. v.).

Nail-headed Molding:

as Arrow

Arch. A species of molding common in Norman architecture, and so named from the resemblance

näin-sook, s. [Etym. doubtful.]

Fabric: A thick sort of jaconet muslin, plain or striped, formerly made in India.

na'-ique (que as k), s. [NAIK.] nā -Is, s. [Lat.] [NAIAD.] Zoology:

1. The typical genus of the family Naidu (q. v.). Nais proboscidea may be taken as the type of the genus. They are about half an inch long, and are found round the roots of aquatic plants in ponds

and streams.

2. Any individual of the genus Nais. nāis -sant, adj. [Fr., pr. par. of naître to be born (Lat. nascor, pa. par. natus).]

Her.: A term employed to signify rising or coming forth, and applied to any living creature represented as issuing out of the middle of a fesse or other ordinary.

*naith-less, adv. [NATHLESS.] Nevertheless. nă-ive, a. [Fr. naïf, fem. naire=lively, natural, from Lat. nativus native, natural.] Frank, ingenuous, artless, simple; candid and open at times when it is not expected. [NATIVE.]

nă-îve -ly, adv. [Eng. naive; -ly.] With artless or simple candor; with natural or unaffected simplicity; with naivete.

"She cried very naively, I'll be content with my own tail."-Pope: To Several Ladies, Letter 4.

na-ive-tê, *nā-îve -tỷ, s. [Fr. naïveté, from naive, fem. of naïf=lively, natural.] Natural or unaffected simplicity or ingenuousness; a natural and artless disposition to express the sentiments and thoughts without regard to conventionalities, put upon them. [NAIVE.] or without weighing the construction that might be

"His apologies and the like were full of naivety."-Carlyle: Life of Sterling, pt. ii., ch. iii. na-ja, na-ia (i as y), subst. [The native Indian name.]

Zool.: A genus of Thanatophidia (q. v.), family Elapide, formerly referred to the Viperidae. They have the power of stretching out some of the anterior ribs and the skin of the neck, so as to produce a long hood when irritated. The hood is somewhat quadrangular, and there are one or two small teeth behind the poison-fangs. Naja tripudians is the Cobra (q. v.), the only Indian_species; N. haje, the Asp of the ancients, is the Egyptian Cobra. [ASP (2), 1.] It is found also in South Africa, as is N. (or Sepedon) hæmachates, the Ring Hals Snake.

na-jas, s. [NAIAS.]

*nāke, *nāk-en, v. t. [NAKED.]

1. To make naked; to strip, to expose. 2. To strip, to pillage.

3. To draw from the sheath.

"Come, be ready, nake your swords."

Tourneur: Revenger's Tragedy, v. nā -kěd, *nak-id, *nak-ide, *nak-yd, a. [A. S. nacod; cogn, with O. Fris. nakad, naken; Dut. naakt; Icel. naktr, nakinu; Dan. nögen; Sw. naken; Ger. nackt; M. H. Ger. nacket; O. H. Ger. nachot, nakot; Goth. nakwalks; Lith. nugas; Russ. nagoi; Sansc. nagna; Lat. nudus; Ir. & Gael. nochd= naked, bare, exposed; Wel. noeth.]

I. Ordinary Language: 1. Literally:

(1) Having no clothes or covering on; destitute of clothing.

"And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed."-Genesis ii. 25.

(2) Deprived of the usual covering; not sheathed.
"His swerde all naked out he braide
In his fool hast."
Gower: C. A., iii.

(3) Bare, exposed, unsheltered.
"Who fled to caves, and woods, and naked rocks,
In deadly scorn of superstitious rites."

go, gem; thin, this;

naked-barley

(2) Unprovided, destitute, unfurnished, stripped. "The humor of his prince, or patron, may divest him of all his glories, and send him stripped and naked to his long rest."-South: Sermons, vol. iv., ser. 2.

(3) Unprotected, unarmed, defenseless, exposed; without ineans of defense or protection against the attacks of an enemy.

"Had I but served my God with half the zeal
I served my king, He would not in mine age
Have left me naked to mine enemies."

Shakesp.: Henry VIII., iii. 2.

naked.

"Who sees his true love in her naked-bed." Shakesp.: Venus and Adonis, 397.

naked-bees, s. pl. Entom.: The genus Nomada (q. v.). Called also Wasp-bees and Cuckoo-bees (q. v.).

naked-eye, s. The eye unassisted by any instrument, such as a telescope, a magnifying-glass, spectacles, &c.

naked-eyed, a. A literal translation of the scientific name Gymnophthalmata (q. v.). (Only used as in the example.)

"The great majority of

the naked-eyed Medusa

nā -kir, s. [Etym. doubtful.] A wandering pain, passing from one limb to another. na -koô, subst. [Native name.] The gavial or Gangetic crocodile.

*nale, s. [See def.] Nale occurs in the phrase, at the nale, atte nale at then ale at the ale-house; the n of the dat. of the article being tacked on to the substantive.

nâll, subst. [From a nall, for an all-an awl.] (Provincial.)

"Whole bridle and saddle, whitleather and nall, With collars and harness."-Tusser: Husbandrie. See remarks under N.

*năm, v. i. [For ne am.] Am not. nām-a-ble, a. [NAMEABLE.] na-ma-qua-lite, subst. [From Namaqua (land), South Africa, where found; suff. -lite (Min.).] Min.: A mineral found in silky fibers and thin layers. Hardness, 2:5; specific gravity, 2:49; luster, silky; color, pale-blue; translucent. Analysis gave: Aluminum, 15 29; protoxide of copper, 44'74; magnesia, 342; lime, 2.01; silica, 2.25; water, 32:38=100-09. Related in composition to hydrotalcite (q.v.).

na-ma-tion, s. [Low Lat. namatio, from namo to distrain, to take, from A. S. niman to take.] Law: The act of distraining or levying a distress. năm -ay-cush, subst. [North American Indian name.] Ichthy.: Salmo namaycush, the Great Lake Trout of this country. [SALMO, TROUT.]

na-măz', s. [Turk.] The ordinary prayer of a Turk.

1749).]

A. As adj.: Silly, affected, weakly sentimental, insipid. B. As subst.: Silly, affected, or insipid talk or writing.

năm-by-păm'-by, v. t. [NAMBYPAMBY, a.] To talk affectedly to; to flatter, to wheedle. "A lady sends her waiting-woman to nambypamby me."-Miss Edgeworth: Absentee, ch. xvi. name, s. [A. S. nama, noma; cogn. with Dut. naam; Icel. nafn, namn; Dan. navn; Sw. namn; Goth. namo; Ger. name; O. H. Ger. namo; Lat. nomen; Gr. onoma; Sansc. náman.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. That by which a person or thing is crled; the word or words by which a particular person or thing is designated in distinction from others; an appellation, a designation, an epithet. [CHRISTIANNAME, SURNAME.]

"What's in a name? That which we call a rose, By any other name would smell as sweet." Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, ii. 1. 2. Common or generic appellation; title. "Thou dost usurp the name [of king]." Shakesp.: Tempest, i. 2.

3. The mere word by which anything is known or called, as distinguished from the real thing itself; sound or appearance only in opposition to reality. "Abhorrence and contempt are things He only knows by name." Wordsworth: Excursion, bk. iv. 4. A person or individual. 5. Persons having a particular name; a family connection. 6. Descent, lineage, family.

"I am from humble, he from honored name." Shakesp.: All's Well that Ends Well, i. 3. 7. That which is said or thought of a person; current estimation, reputation, character. "He hath an excellent good name." Shakesp.: Much Ado about Nothing, iii. 1.

1. Name of God:

(1) Old Test.: That by which God makes Himself known; whether literally His name or names (Dan. ii. 20), specially Jehovah (Psalm lxxxiii. 18), any of His titles (Psalm xx. 1, Isa. xlvii. 4), His attributes (Exod. xxxiv. 14, Amos v. 27), or His worship (1 Chron. xxii. 8, Neh. i. 9).

(2) New Test. The actual names of the Trinity or any person of it (Matt. xxviii. 19). 2. To call names: To apply opprobrious epithets to; to abuse.

3. To take a name in vain: To use a name lightly and profanely; to swear by a name unnecessarily or profanely.

*name-son, s. A godson, a namesake.

"I am your name-son, sure enough."-Smollett: Sir. L Greaves, ch. xii.

nāme, *nemne, *nempne, v. t. [A. S. nemnan; Icel. nefna; Sw. nämma; Dan. navne; Dut. noe. men; Goth. namnjan; Lat. nomino; Fr. nommer.] I. Ordinary Language:

thet to; to designate by a particular name; to 1. To give a distinctive name, appellation, or epientitle, to denominate.

"Teach me how to name the bigger light." Shakesp.: Tempest, i. 2. 2. To mention by name; to mention, utter, or record the name of.

"I guess the sequel, And yet I will not name it.'

Shakesp.: Two Gentlemen of Verona, ii. 1. 3. To nominate; to designate or appoint by name. "The high spirited and accomplished Devonshire was named Lord Steward."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xi. 4. To speak of, to entitle, to designate. "Whether among the thrones, or named Of them the highest." Milton: P. L., xi. 296. To name a (or the) day: To appoint or fix a certain day for something; specif., said of a lady fixing her wedding-day.

II. Eng. Parl.: To mention by name any member who has been disorderly, has interrupted the proceedings of the House, or who has refused to obey the orders of the chair. The power is vested in the Speaker and in the Chairman of a committee of the whole House. Formerly the act of naming was held a sufficient mark of the disapprobation of the House; latterly, owing to the growth of obstruc tion, after a motion made by the leader of the House and carried, a member who has been named is on the first occasion suspended from the service of the House for one week, on the second for a fortnight, and on the third for a month.

nāme-a-ble, a. [Eng. name; -able.] Capable, of being named.

"A rational and logical classification of nameable things."-Dr. J. A. H. Murray: Eighth Address to Philological Society, p. 4.

nāme -less, a. [Eng. name; -less.]

1. Not distinguished by any distinctive name; not having a name.

Are all the nameless sweets of friendship fled ?"
Cowper: Progress of Error, 244.

"What I cannot name: 'tis nameless woe." Shakesp.: Richard II., ii. 2. 4. Not to be named; unfit to be named; as, nameless crimes. name -less-ly, adv. [Eng. nameless; -ly.] In a nameless manner.

name-less-ness, s. [Eng. nameless; -ness.] The quality or state of being nameless.

nāme -lý, *name-liche, *name-lyche, *nomeliche, adv. [Eng. name; -ly.]

1. Especially; singled out by name in virtue of preeminence; chiefly, expressly.

"There are many disobedient, and talkers of vanity, and deceivers of minds, namely (malista], they of the circumcision."-Tyndale: Titus, i. 10.

2. To mention by name; to particularize; to wit; videlicet; that is to say.

"The certainty of these principles; namely, that there is a supreme Governor of the world."-South: Sermons, vol. ii., ser. 1.

name-plāte, s. [English name, and plate.] A metal plate having the owner's name (and sometimes his profession) engraved on it, and affixed to the door of a dwelling-house or place of business.

nām -ĕr, s. [Eng. nam(e); -er.] One who names or calls a person or thing by name; one who gives a

name to.

"Skillful Merlin, namer of that town."

Drayton: Battle of Agincourt.

nāme-sāke s. [For name's sake; one whose name is given to him for the sake of the name or fame of another.] One who has the same name as another; one who is named or called after another.

"Judas, that well deserves his namesake's tree." Dryden: Absalom and Achitophel, ii. 323. năn, interj. [See def.] The same as ANAN (q. v.). na-na, na'-non, s. [South American.] The pine-apple.

năn-çe-ic, a. [From Nancy, where Braconnot, the discoverer, lived.] (See the compound.) nanceic-acid, s.

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năn-keên, năn-kîn', s. [So called from Nankin in China.]

1. Originally a fabric made from cotton of a yellow color (Gossypium religiosum), and exported from Nankin. It is now made of white cotton dyed by oak bark, arnotto, alum, &c., and sent to China. A part is, no doubt, reshipped in curious packages with the name of Li upon it, as if it were of Chinese manufacture.

2. (Pl.); Trousers or breeches made of this material.

năn-nô-chăr-a-gi-na, s.pl. [Mod. Lat., &c., nannocharat (genit. nannocharac(is); Lat. neut. pl. adj. suff. -ina.]

Ichthy.: A group of Characinidae. They have a short dorsal, and an adipose fin; teeth in both jaws well-developed; notched incisors; gill-membranes grown to the isthmus; nostrils close together. (Günther.)

năn-noch-a-răn, s. [Gr.nannos=a dwarf, and charax a sea-fish, perhaps the rudd.] Ichthy. The single genus forming the group Nannocharacina (q. v.). There are only two species, very small, from the Nile and the Gaboon. Nǎnteş, Nǎntz, s. [See def.] A kind of brandy, so called from Nantes, in France, whence it is shipped.

"What a leer the villain gave me as he started the good Nantz into the salt-water!"-Scott: The Pirate, ch. xxix. năn-to-kite, s. [From Nantoko, Chili, where found; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: An interesting mineral, occurring granular or massive, but yielding a cubic cleavage, showing its isometric crystallization. Hardness, 2-2.5; specific gravity, 3930; color, white to colorless; luster, adamantine. Analysis showed a composition which corresponded to CuCl; or, copper, 64'11; chlorine, 35.89. Rapidly oxidizes on exposure to the air, being converted into atacamite (q. v.). Its oxida tion in the mine causes a strong odor of chlorine, which inconveniences the miners. Some mineralo gists are of opinion that the whole of the South American atacamite is the result of the oxidation of nantokite.

*nā-ŏm -ě-try, 8. [Greek naosa temple, and metron a measure.] A word coined by Jonson to ridicule the wild interpretations put upon Scripture prophecies by some of the sectaries of his day. The allusions seem to be to Rev. xii. 14, xi. 1.

Chem.: Braconnot's name for the acid which he found in the wash-liquor of the preparation of wheat-starch, &c., afterward shown to be lactic acid. (Watts.)

nancy-pretty, s.

Bot.: A corruption of None-so-pretty (q. v.) năn-di-da, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. nand(us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

Ichthy. A family of acanthopterygian fishes. Body oblong, compressed, covered with scales; lateral line interrupted. Dentition more or less complete, but feeble. It consists of two groups, Plesiopina and Nandina (q. v.). năn-di-na (1), 8. pl. [Mod. Lat. nand(us); Lat. neut. pl. adj. suff. -ina.]

Ichthy.: A group of freshwater Fishes, family Nandid. They have five ventral rays; no pseudobranchia. All of small size, from the East Indies. Three genera, Badis, Nandus, and Catoptra.

năn-di-na (2), subst. [From nandin, the Japanese name of one of the species.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the tribe Nandinem (q. v.). Nandina domestica is an evergreen garden shrub, with panicles of flowers. It was originally

from China and Japan.

năn-dine, s. [NANDINIA.] The popular name of Nandinia binotata.

năn-din-ĕ-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Latin nandin(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. eo.]

Bot. A tribe of Berberidacea. năn-dinh-i-a, 8. [Etym, doubtful; probably from a French proper name Nandin.]

Zool.: A genus of Viverrine, with one species, Nandinia binotata, sometimes referred to Paradoxurus. It is smaller than the true Paradoxures, has smaller and more pointed molars, and no cæcum. Fur, rich dark brown, lighter on sides, tail obscurely ringed with black. The specific name has reference to two yellow spots on the shoulders. (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 530.)

nǎn'-dû, s. [Braz. nhandu.] [RHEA, STRUTHIO.] năn’dũs, 8. [Etym. doubtful.]

năp (1), s. [An abbreviation of Napoleon.] A game of cards played for stakes, usually by three, four, or five players, with an ordinary pack. Five cards are dealt to each player, and each, beginning with the eldest hand, is entitled to call as many tricks as he believes he can win with the cards in his hand, making whichever suit he wishes trumps. Should he win the number of tricks he has called, he receives payment for that number from each of the other players; should he fail, he pays each for that number. To go nap is to declare to win the whole five tricks. Nap is also applied to the taking of the pool by winning all the five tricks after declaration.

nǎp (2). *nappe, s. [NAP (1), v.] A short sleep or slumber; a doze.

"Sweet refreshment, ease without annoy,

Or luscious noon-day nap.”-Shenstone: Economy. năp (3), *nop, *noppe, s. [A. S. hnoppa=nap of cloth: a variant of chop a top, a knob, a knop: allied to Du. knoop a knot, a knob, knop a knob; Da. noppe frizzed nap of cloth, knop a knob; O. Sw. nopp-nap; Sw. knop a knot.]

*1. One of those little knots which, after cloth has been passed through the fulling-mill, are removed by women with little nippers, a process termed burling.

"When the noppe is nighe, it wolde be shorne,' Skelton: Magnificence, 453.

2. The woolly or villous substance on the surface of cloth, felt, or other fabric; the pile of cloth or of a hat.

"His only coat! where dust confus'd with rain Roughens the nap, and leaves a mingled stain." Swift: Description of a City Shower.

3. (Pl.): The loops of velvet which are cut to make the pile.

4. Any soft, downy or hairy substance, as the down on some plants.

naphthalate

nap-at-noon, 8.

Bot.: Tragopogon parvifolius. nap-warp, s.

Weaving: Pile-warp. In fustian-weaving, the upper warp covering the main warp or nap.

năp (1), *nappe, v. i. [A. S. hnappianto nap; originally to nod, and allied to A. S. hnipian=to bend one's self, and Icel. hnipna=to_droop, to despond; cf. Bavarian knappen to nod with the head.]

1. To slumber; to take a short sleep; to doze. "So he shall not nappe, neither slepe, that helpeth Israel."-Wycliffe: Psalm cxxi. 4.

2. To be off one's guard; to be careless or unpre pared. (Only in the pr. par.)

"I took thee napping, unprepar'd." Butler: Hudibras, i. 3. năp (2), v. t. [NAP (3), s.] To raise or put a nap on. nape, s. [Prop.=knob or projection, and a variant of knappe a knob, a button; cf. Icel. knappr hnaffer; Wel. cnap a knob, a stud, a button.] [NAP (3), 8.] The back part of the neck; the prominent part of the neck behind.

"Turn your eyes toward the napes of your necks, and make but an interior survey of your good selves."Shakesp.: Coriolanus, ii. 1

na'-pěll, s. [Etym. doubtful.]

Bot.: Lathyrus macrorrhizus, the Bitter Vetch (q. v.).

"Hot napell making lips and tongue to swell." Sylvester: The Furies, 179. itum napellus, the scientific name of the Aconite; năp -ěl-line, s. [Mod. Lat. napell (us) in Aconine.] [NAPUs.]

Chem. An alkaloid obtained by Hübschmann from crude aconitine. It is a white, electric pow der, having a bitter, burning taste, and an alkaline reaction. It is more soluble in water and weak Spirit than aconitine, but less soluble in ether, ard is not precipitated from dilute solutions by am

monia.

nāp'-ĕr-, *nāp -ĕr-iě, s. [O. Fr. naperie (Fr. napperie), orig.=the office in a household for providing table-linen, from Low Lat. naparia, from napa, a corrupt. of Lat. mappa-a cloth.] [MAP, NAPKIN.]

1. Table-linen collectively; linen clothes used for domestic purposes, especially for the table; as tablecloths, napkins, &c.

"Manie farmers their cupbords with plate. fine naperie."-Harrison: Descript. England. 2. Linen underclothing; linen for the person. dimin. suff. -et. A napkin." *nap-et, s. [French nappe=a tablecloth; Eng.

have learned also to garnish and their tables with

năph'-a, s. [Fr. naphe, naffe; Ital. nanfa, from Arab. nafah an agreable odor.] (For def. see etym. and compound.)

napha-water, s. A fragrant perfume distilled from orange blossoms.

Low Lat. napellus, from Lat. napus.] The same as *na-phew (ew as ù), s. [0. Fr. naveau, from NAVEW (q. v.).

năph‍-tha (or ph as p), s. [Latin, from Greek naphtha, from Arab. naft, nift-naphtha, bitumen.] Chem. A term applied to the liquid hydrocar bons which issue from the earth in certain locali ties, and to the inflammable liquids produced by the dry distillation of organic substances. [PE TROLEUM, PARAFFIN, WOOD-NAPHTHA.]

năph -tha-dil (or ph as p), s. [Eng. naphtha, second element doubtful; cf. dill (1), v.]

Chem.: A substance dérived from petroleum; it is black, with a weak, greasy luster; copper-brown in fracture; does not change in the light, melts at the same temperature as wax, and burns with a

clear flame.

naphthalene

=

nǎph'-tha-lene (or ph as p), s. [Eng. naphtha; connect., and suff. -ene.] Chem.: C10H8 C10H-H. Naphthalin, naphthaline. A frequent product of the dry distillation of organic substances, and occurring to a considerable extent in that portion of coal-tar distilling between 180° and 220°, from which it crystallizes on cooling. It forms colorless shining, leafy crystals of peculiar odor and burning taste; melts at 79° to a liquid as clear as water; boils at 216°-220°, and burns, when inflamed, with a highly luminous but smoky flame. Its specific gravity is 977 at the fusing point, and its vapor density=453. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol, ether, chloroform, carbon disulphide, benzene, and fixed and volatile oils. Naphthalene unites directly with chlorine and bromine, forming a large number of substitution products. On passing dry chlorine gas into naphthalene, a heavy pale yellow oil is formed (naphthalene dichloride, C10HsCl2), and this, uniting with more chlorine, is converted into a crystalline substance (naphthalene tetrachloride, C10HCl), which melts at 182. Monochlor-uaph thalene, C10HCl, obtained by heating naphthalene dichloride with alcoholic potash, is a colorless oil, boiling at 263. Dichlor-naphthalene, CoCl2, is prepared by boiling naphthalene tetrachloride with alcoholic potash. It is a crystalline mass, melting at 35-36, and boiling at 280°. The substitution products with bromine are far less stable than those of chlorine.

naphthalene-alcohol, s.

Chem.: C10H1204= C10H8 O. A tetratomic alco

hol, produced by heating an alcoholic solution of naphthalene chlorhydrin with potassium hydrate. It crystallizes in prisms, which rapidly turn brown, melts at a gentle heat, and decomposes when distilled. It is slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in alcohol and ether. Glacial acetic acid decomposes it, forming a black resin and a red body soluble in ether.

naphthalene carboxylic-acid, subst. [NAPHTHOIC-ACID.]

naphthalene sulphonic-acid, s.

Chem.: C10HSO2 OH. Formed by heating naphthalene with concentrated sulphuric acid. If the temperature is kept low, alpha-naphthalene sulphonic acid is produced, melting at 85° to 90°; but if raised to 160, the isomeric beta-naphthalene sulphonic acid is obtained.

nǎph-thǎl-ic (or ph as p), a. [Eng. naphthal (ene)-ic.] Pertaining or derived from naphthalene. naphthalic-acid, s.

Chem.: C12H8O4=C10H6(COOH)2. Obtained by the oxidation of acenaphthene by chromic and dilute sulphuric acids. It crystallizes in colorless needles or plates, which decompose at 140. Calcic naphthalate yields naphthalene on heating with CO.O calcic hydrate, C10H6CO O Ca+Ca(OH)2=2(CaCO3) +C10H8.

naphthalic-anhydride, s.

2810

năph-thes-Ic (or ph as p), a. [Formed from naphthalene with the omission of certain letters (7); s euphonic, and -ic.]

naphthesic-acid, s.

is obtained by treating naphthalene with acid Chem.: C20HO8. According to Laurent, this acid chromate of potassium, water, and sulphuric acid. It forms rhombic needles, melting below 100°, and subliming at a higher temperature.

năph -thi-on-ate (or ph as p), s. [Eng. naphthion(ic); -ate.]

Chem.: A salt of naphthionic acid. năph-thi-on-Ic (or ph as p), a. [Eng. naph (thyl): thion, and suff. ic.] Derived from naphthaline and sulphur.

naphthionic-acid, 8.

It forms small colorless

Chemistry: C10H9N SO3. Sulpho-naphthalidamic acid. Obtained by treating an alcoholic solution of nitro-naphthalene with ammonium sulphite, and decomposing the ammonium naphthionate formed with hydrochloric acid. crystals, resembling asbestos, slightly soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in ether. It completely saturates alkalies, but its salts with the heavy metals have an acid reaction. The naphthionates are all soluble, and their solutions are opalescent, transmitting, when viewed at different angles, beautiful red, blue, and violet colors.

năph-thō- (or ph as p), pref. [Eng. naphthalene), and oxygen).] Containing naphthalene and oxygen.

naphtho-hydroquinone, s.

Chem.: C10H6(OH)2. A crystalline body prepared by heating naphtho-quinone with hydriodic acid and amorphous phosphorus. It is soluble in water, melts at 176°, and is retransformed into naphthoquinone by oxidizing agents.

naphtho-quinone, 8.

lene dissolved in glacial acetic acid, with chromic Chem.: C10HO2. Obtained by heating naphthaacid, and distilling the product with water. It is soluble in ether and hot alcohol, crystallizes in large yellow tables, and melts at 125°. Heated with nitric acid, it is converted into phthalic acid. năph‍-thō-āte (or ph as p), subst. [Eng. naph tho(ic); -ate.] Chem.: A salt of naphthoic acid. năph-thō-çỹ ́-a-māte (or ph as p), s. [Eng. naphthocyam(ic); -ate.]

Chem.: A salt of naphthocyamic acid. nǎph-thō-çỹ-ăm-ic (or ph as p), adj. [Eng. naphthalene); o(xygen); cy(anogen); am(monia), and suff. -ic.] Derived from or containing naphtha lene, cyanogen, and ammonia.

s. & a. [NAPHTHALENE.]

A. As subst.: [NAPHTHALENE.]

năph-thō'-Ic (or ph as p), adj. [Eng. naph thyl); o connect., and suff. ic.] Pertaining to, or

naphthoic-acid, s.

†B. As adj.: Composed of naphtha.

E. A. Poe: For Annie.

"The naphthaline river of Passion." naphthaline-blue, s. Chem.: Naphthyl blue. A blue dye obtained by treating naphthylamine with mercuric nitrate. naphthaline-red, s. [MAGDALA-RED.] naphthaline-violet, s.

Chem. A dye produced by Blumer-Zweifel on cotton and linen fabrics by treating naphthylamine while present on the woven tissue with chloride of copper.

năph-thal-ize (or ph as p), v. t. [Eng. naphtha; I connect., and suff. -ize.] To impregnate or saturate with naphtha.

năph-tha-meine (or ph as p), s. [OXYNAPHTHYLAMINE.]

Chem.: CHO. Prepared by distilling a mixture of calcium naphthoate and calcium formate at a high temperature. It forms dazzling white crys tals, insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in boiling water, but soluble in alcohol and ether; melts at 59'5°, and is converted by nascent hydrogen into uncrystallizable compounds difficult to purify.

nǎph -thol (or ph as p), s. [Eng. naphth (alene), and (alcohol.]

Chem. (pl.): C10H7OH. Prepared by fusing the respective naphthalene sulphonic acids with potassic hydrate, and extracting by means of ether; alpha-naphthol crystallizes in monoclinic prisms, melting at 94, and boiling at 278°-280°; beta-naph thol, or isonaphthol, forms colorless rhombic tables, melting at 122°, and boiling at 290°.

năph-thŭl'-min (or ph as p), s. [Eng. naphth(alene), and ulmin.]

Chem. CoH8O2. A black bulky substance produced by the action of aqueous potassium nitrite

Napier's bones

on hydrochlorate of naphthylamine. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and the alkalies, but dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid, forming an indigo-colored solution, from which it is precipitated by water. suff.yl (q. v.).) nǎph-thyl

Jor ph as p), s. [Eng. naphth(a); Chem.: C107. The monatomic radical of naphthylamine.

naphthyl-blue, s. [NAPHTHALINE-BLUE.] naphthyl-carbamide, s.

Chem.: C11H10N2O=N2(CO*)*C16H7 H3. Obtained by saturating an ethereal solution of naphthyla mine with cyanic acid gas, and recrystallizing from hot alcohol. It forms flat, shining, flexible needles, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, very soluble in ether. From its ethereal solution oxalic acid throws down a crystalline precipitate. naphthyl carbonic-acid, s. [NAPHTHOIC-ACID.] naphthyl-cyanate, s. Chem.: C1HNO= C10HTS ing dinaphthyl-carbamide with phosphoric anhy dride. It forms easily fusible crystals, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether. naphthyl-diamine, s. Chem.: C20H15N3= N2. Azodinaphthyldiamine. A base produced by passing nitrous anhydride into a warm alcoholic naphthalidine solution. It crystallizes in orange-red needles, hav ing a light green metallic luster, insoluble in cold water, but slightly soluble in boiling water, in alcohol, ether, and benzene. It melts at 136 to a blood-red liquid, and yields salts with two equivalents of acid.

{)

năph-thyl-a-çĕt'-a-mide (or ph as p), s. [Eng. naphthyl; acetic), and amide.]

Chem.: C10H2NH(C2H2O). Acetonaphthylamine. Obtained by heating a mixture of naphthylamine and glacial acetic acid for several days. It crystallizes in white silky needles, slightly soluble in boiling water, soluble in alcohol and dilute acids, melts at 152 ̊, and sublimes at 160°.

nǎph-thyl-a-mine (or ph as p), s. [English naphthyl, and amine.]

Chem.: C10H9N = C10H2(NH2). Naphthalidam, Naphthalamine, Naphthalidine. A compound discovered by Zinin, in 1842, during his researches on the nitro-compounds. It is produced by the action of ammonium sulphide, on an alcoholic solution of nitro-naphthalene. It crystallizes in colorless silky needles, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether; melts at 50°, and distills at 300° without decomposition. It forms numerous crystalline salts. Naphthylamine sulphate, 2(C10H9N) H2SO4, prepared by dissolving the base in hot sulphuric acid, crystallizes in white silvery scales, having a disagreeable odor, and an acid reaction. It is slightly soluble in water and cold alcohol, but very

soluble in hot alcohol.

Na-piër', subst. [John Napier, of Merchiston, in Scotland, a celebrated mathematician, known also as the inventor of logarithms.] (See the compounds.)

Napier's bones, Napier's rods, s. pl.

Math.: A set of rods contrived by Baron Napier, and first described by him in 1617, for the purpose of facilitating the numerical operations of multiplication and division. They consist of pieces of bone, or ivory, in the shape of a parallelopipedon, about three inches long and three-tenths of an inch in width, the faces of each being divided into

Napier's compass

41846 17934

53802

5601386

manner that the numbers at the top shall exhibit the multiplicand, and on the left of these rods place the rod of units. In the rod of units seek the right hand figure of the multiplier, which, in this case, is 7, and the numbers corresponding to it on the other rods. Beginning on the left add the digits in each parallelogram, formed by triangles of adjacent rods, and write them down as in ordinary multiplication; then take the sum of the several products as in ordinary multiplication, and it will be the product required. From the outermost triangle on the line with 7, write out the number there found, 6; in the next parallelogram on the left add 9 and 5 there found; their sum being 14, set down the 4 and carry the one to be added to 3, and 4 found in the next parallelogram on the left; this sum being 8, set it down; in the next parallelogram on the left occur the numbers 5 and 6, their sum being 11, set down 1, and carry 1 to the next number on the left; the number 3 found in the triangle on the left of the row, increased by 1, gives 4, which set down; proceed in like manner, till all of the partial products are found, and take their sum as in the example.

Napier's compass, s. A draughtsman's compass, to one leg of which is pivoted a plain point and pencil-holder, and to the other a plain point and pen. These fold in between the legs, so that the instrument may be carried in the pocket with

out inconvenience.

nā -pl-form, adj. [Latin napus=a turnip, and forma form, shape.]

Bot.: Having the shape or form of a turnip, bulging out at the top, and becoming more slender below; as, a napiform root.

*nǎp'-kin, v. t. [NAPKIN, 8.] To wrap up in a napkin.

"Let every man beware of napkining up the talent which was delivered him to trade withal."-Sanderson: Works, iii. 97.

nǎp‍-kin, *nape-kin, *nape-kyn, *nap-kyn, 8. [Fr. nappe a tablecloth; Eng. dimin. suff. -kin; Low Lat. nappa, napa, corrupt. of Lat. mappa=a cloth.] [MAP, 8.]

1. A small cloth; specif., one used at table to wipe the hands.

2. A handkerchief.

"I am glad I have found this napkin; This was her first remembrance from the Moor." Shakesp.: Othello, iii. 3. napkin-ring, s. A ring of wood, ivory, metal, &c., used to inclose a napkin.

Na-ples (ples as pels), s. [Lat. Neapolis, from Gr.=new city.]

Geog.: A city on the southwest coast of Italy, formerly the capital of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Naples-yellow, s.

Chem.: Neapolitan yellow. A very permanent orange-yellow pigment, much used in oil-painting, and in glass and porcelain staining. It is prepared by fusing, at a moderate heat, for two hours, a mixture of chemically pure antimonio-tartrate of potash, lead nitrate, and sodium-chloride. After cooling, the fused mass is placed in water, when the common salt dissolves out, leaving the pigment in the form of a fine yellow powder. năp'-less, a. [Eng. nap (3), s.; -less.] Without nap; having no nap; threadbare.

"Nor on him put The napless vesture of humility." Shakesp.: Coriolanus, ii. 1. na-põ ́-lě-ôn, s. [After the Emperor Napoleon I.]

1. A French gold coin of 20 francs, weighing 6'45161 grammes, and nominally worth $4.00.

FRANÇAIS

20

FRANCS

1812

Napoleon. (Exact size.)

2811

Crimean war, and afterward adopted by various European nations, and by the United States. (Rip ley & Dana.)

2. A game of cards, commonly abbreviated into nap. [NAP (1), 8.]

na-pō-lě-ō'-na, s. [After the Emperor Napoleon I.]

3. The same as NAPOLEON-GUN (q. v.). "Two brass twelve-pounder Napoleons unlimbered on our right."-Century Magazine, 1885, p. 94. Napoleon-gun, s.

Bot. A synonym of Belvisia, the typical genus of the order Belvisiace (Napoleonworts), called by Endlicher Napoleones.

Na-po-le-on-ic, a. [Eng. Napoleon; -ic.] Pertaining to or founded by the Emperor Napoleon I.; as the Napoleonic dynasty. The rule of the Napoleons; support of the NapoleNa-põ ́-lě-on-Işm, 8. [English Napoleon; -ism.] onic dynasty.

done more to delude and demoralize the moral sense of "His glorification of Napoleonism in his history has his countrymen Brit. Quart. Review, 1873, p. 221. than any other cause whatever." Na-po-le-on-ist, s. [Eng. Napoleon; ist.] A supporter of the dynasty of the Napoleons; a Bonapartist.

na-pō'-le-on-ite, s. [Eng. Napoleon; suff. -ite

(Min.).]

Petrol.: A variety of diorite (q. v.), consisting of anorthite, hornblende, and a little quartz. These minerals constitute an aggregate of spheres of vary ing dimensions, having concentric bands consisting of one or of both of the above minerals. Structure radial fibrous. Known also under the name of cor. site, from Corsica, where found, and globular diorite the kugeldiorit of the Germans. na-põ ́-lě-on-wõrt, s. [Eng., &c., Napoleon, and

wort.]

Bot. (pl.): [BELVISIACEÆ.]

năp-o-lin, s. [Fr. nopal-any cactus on which the cochineal insect feeds; suff. -in (Chem.).] Chem.: Nopalin, a new color recently introduced into the market. It is of uncertain composition: some samples are said to consist of eosin, and others of a cochineal compound. (Ure.) năppe, s. [Fr.=a sheet, a surface.] [NAPKIN.] Math.: One of the two parts of a conic surface, which meet at the vertex. The nappe on which the directrix lies is called the lower and the other the upper nappe of the cone.

Nappe of an hyperboloid:

Math. One of the branches of which the surface is composed. Hyperboloids are of one or two nappes. Those of one nappe are warped surfaces; those of two nappes are double-curved surfaces. năp'-pl-ness, 8. [English nappy; -ness.] The quality or state of having a nap on the surface. nǎp'-ping (1), pr. par. or a. [NAP (1), verb.] Sleepy, drowsy; hence, off one's guard, unprepared. To catch one napping: To take one unawares. năp ́-plåg (2), pr. par., a. & s. [NAP (2), v.] verb.) A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the

C. As substantive:

1. Ord. Lang.: The act or process of raising a nap or pile on. 2. Hat-making: A sheet of partially felted fur in a stage between the operation of the bow, which first distributes the fur in a light layer, and the battery at which it is united to the hat-body. It becomes the nap of the hat, which is raised by carding and shorn to a length.

napping-machine, s. A machine for raising the nap or pile on woolen and cotton fabrics. nǎp'-py (1), a. [Eng. nap (3), s.;-y.] Having a nap or pile on the surface; downy.

nǎp'-pу (2), a. & s. [Eng. nap (1), v. ; -y.]

narcoteine

nă -pus, s. [Lat.] A kind of turnip; the navew (q. v.).

nar'-a-ka, nûr'-ŭk, s. [Mahratta & Sansc.]

Hind. Myth.: A term equivalent to the English word hell; it consists of twenty-eight divisions, in which sinners of as many different classes are confined and subjected to tortures corresponding to the gravity of their offenses.

nar-căph-thon, subst. [Gr.] The bark of an aromatic tree, used in fumigation, and formerly imported from India.

ness; Eng. suff. -in.] nar'-çe-Ine, 8. [Gr. narkě a numbness, a dead

Chem.: C2H23NO9. An alkaloid discovered by interlaced needles, slightly soluble in water and Pelletier in opium in 1835. It crystallizes in white cold alcohol, very soluble in boiling_alcohol, but insoluble in ether, and melts at 145°. Its crystallizable salts are decomposed by water into acid and

base.

nar-çe-tine, s. [Altered from narcotine (q. v.).] Chem.: Narcoteine. An alkaloid produced by the action of sulphuric acid and peroxide of lead on narcotine. It is soluble in sulphuric acid with a fine red color, and in nitric acid with a yellow color.

nar-çi'-në, s. [Gr. narkē stiffness, numbness.] is longer than the disc, and the spiracles are immeIchthy. A genus of Torpedinidæ (q. v.). The tail diately behind the eyes. Four species are known. Narcine brasiliensis ascends the rivers of tropical America.

nar-cis-sal, a. [From Mod. Latin narcissales (q. v.).] Bot. Of or belonging to the genus Narcissus; as, the Narcissal alliance. (Lindley.)

nar-cis-sā -lēş, s. pl. [Lat. narciss(us); masc. & fem. pl. adj. suff. -ales.]

Bot.: An alliance of Endogens. It consists of endogenous petaloid plants with symmetrical flowers three or six stamens, and albuminous seeds, and contains four orders, Bromeliaces, Taccacem. Hamadoraceae, Hypoxidaceae, Amaryllidacea, and Iridaces.

nar-çis-se-æ, s. pl. [Lat. narciss(us); fem. pl. adj. suff. -ec.]

Bot.: A tribe of Amaryllidace, containing bulbous plants with a coronet in the flower.

nar-çis-sine, a. [Eng. narciss(us); -ine.] Pertaining to or resembling the Narcissus.

=

nar-çis-sus, Nar-çis-sus, s. [Lat., from Greek narkissos (1) the plant narcissus, so named from its narcotic properties, (2) the youth_Narcissus; narke numbness, torpor; Fr. narcisse.]

1. Bot. (of the form narcissus): Narcissus, Daffodil; the typical genus of the tribe Narcissem. The perianth, which is colored, has a tubular limb with a crown. Fruit a coriaceous capsule, with globose seeds, smooth till they become dry. About thirty are known, from Europe and Asia. N. poeticus, N. conspicuus, N. incomparabilis, N. minor, and N. lobularis are also occasional escapes. N. tazzetta, N. odorus, and N. poeticus are emetic. N. tazzetta is also absorbent. Its perfume is used in India in headache.

The Narcissus of Japan is Nerina sarnensis. 2. Greek Mythol. (of the form Narcissus): The beautiful son of Cephisus and the nymph Liriope. Though beloved by all the Grecian nymphs, he treated them with contemptuous indifference; but, having accidentally seen his own image reflected in a fountain, he became so enamored of it that he languished till he died, and thus realized the proph ecy of Tiresias, that he should live until he saw compassion for his fate, changed him into the flower which bears his name.

narcissus-flowered, adj. Having flowers like those of a narcissus.

Narcissus-flowered Anemone. Bot.: Anemone narcissiflora.

nar'-çi-tine, s. [Eng., &c., narci(ssus); t connect., and suff. -ine.]

Chem.: A substance possessing emetic properties, contained in the white narcissus.

nar-co-gen-ine, s. [Greek narke=numbness, torpor, and gennaō to produce.]

Chem.: An alkaloid, supposed by Blyth to be present in all samples of narcotine. Now said to be merely a double salt of narcotine and cotarnine. nar-co-sis, s. [Gr., from narkē=numbness, torpor, and suff. -osis.]

afterward Napoleon III., about A. D. 1850. His object was the construction of a gun of medium weight and caliber, that should be capable of firing both shot and shell. It was issued in 1853 to the French divisional batteries, was used during the boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat,