Pathol.: The same as MYONOSUS (q. v.). my-o-path-Ic, a. [Eng. myopath (ia); -ic.] Pertaining or relating to myopathia (q. v.).

my-ope, my-ops, s. [Fr., from Gr. myops (genit. myopos), from myo-to shut, and ops (genit. opos) the eye.] A short-sighted person.

mỹ-6-pi-a, 8. [MYOPY.]

my-op-Ic, tmy-op'-tic, a. [Eng. myop(e); -ic.] Relating to myopy; short-sighted. my-o-pō-ra-çe-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myopor(um); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.]

Bot. Myoporads; an order of Perigynous Exogens, alliance Echiales. It consists of shrubs with simple exstipulate leaves, axillary flowers, a fiveparted persistent calyx, a monepetalous hypogynous corolla, with the limbs nearly equal or twolipped; stamens four, didynamous, sometimes with the rudiments of a fifth; ovary two- or four-celled; fruit a drupe; the putamens with two or four cells each, one- or two-seeded.

my-op-or-ăd, s. [Mod. Lat. myopor (um); Eng. suff. -ad.]

Bot. (pl.): The name given by Lindley to the order Myoporaceae (q. v.). my-op-or-um, s. [Gr. myō to shut, and poros =a pore, referring to the leaves.] Bot.: The typical genus of the order Myoporaceae (q. v.). About thirteen species are known, chiefly from Australia.

my-o-pot-a-mus, s. [Gr. mys (genit. myos)=a mouse, and potamos a river.]

1. Zool.: Coypu (q. v.); a genus of Octodontidae, containing a single species, Myopotamus coypus. Habitat, South America, ranging from the Tropic of Capricorn to about 15° north latitude.

2. Palæont.: Myopotamus antiquus, described by Lund, is from the bone-caves of Brazil.

my-ops, s. [MYОРЕ.]

my-op-sis, s. [Gr. myia a fly, and opsis =sight.]

Pathol.: A disease of the eyes in which black spots are seen passing like flies before them. (MUSCE-VOLITANTES.]

my-o-py, my-o-pl-a, s. [Greek myopia, from myops short-sighted.]

Optics, &c.: Near or short sight, a defect of the eye, produced generally by too great convexity of the cornea or crystalline lens, causing the focus to be placed not on the cornea, but in front of it. It occurs in early life from too great use of the eyes on minute objects, as the print in a book, especially by imperfect light. It is corrected by doubly-concave spectacles. As a rule the defect diminishes with the advance of age.

my-os-chi-los, 8. [Pref. myo- (2), and Greek cheilos a lip (?).]

Bot.: A genus of Santalaceae. An infusion of Myoschilos oblongus, called by the Chilenos Senna, is purgative.

my-o-sin, s. (Gr. mys (genit. myos)=a muscle.] Chem.: The chief constituent of the muscle plasma inclosed in the sarcolemma tubes of muscular fiber. In the living muscle it exists in the liquid state, but when the rigor mortis sets in, it curdles completely. Myosin is insoluble in water, but soluble in very dilute acids and alkalies, and in a dilute solution of sodium chloride. It is coagulated by heating with water, and by the addition of alcohol.

my-o'-sis, s. (Gr. myo-to close the eyes or lips.] Pathol.: Permanent contraction of the pupil, usually caused by iritis. When it exists to such an extent as to obliterate the pupil it is called Synizesis.

my-o-sit'-Ic, a. & s. [MYOSIS.]

A. As adj.: Contracting the pupil of the eye.

B. As subst.: A medium or agent which contracts the pupil of the eye. The chief are the Calabar bean, opium, and the salts of morphia. (Garrod.) my-o-si-tis, s. (Gr. mys (genit. myos)=a muscle; Eng. suff. -itis.]

Pathol.: Inflammation of a muscle. my-o-so-tis, s. [Latin, from Greek mys (genit. myos) a mouse, and ous (genit. otos) = an ear

Botany: A genus of Boraginaceae, tribe Lithosperme. The tube of the corolla straight; the lobes convolute in aestivation; calyx terete in fruit; nuts

sotis palustris, Creeping Water Scorpion Grass or Forget-me-not; M. lingulata or caespitosa the Tufted, M. repens the Creeping Water, M. sylvatica the Upright Wood, M. alpestris the Rock, M. arvensis the Field, M. collina the Early Field, and M. versicolor the Yellow and Blue Scorpion Grass. The majority of them are common in their respective

situations.

my-o-sür-us, 8. [Greek mys (genit. myos) = a mouse, and oura a tail.]

Bot.: Mouse-tail; a genus of Ranunculaceae, tribe Anemones. The sepals, petals, and stamens are all five; the petals nectariferous. Two known species. Myosurus minimus is the more common. [MOUSETAIL.)

my-o-til-1-ty, s. [Greek mys (genit. myos)=a muscle.] Pathol.: Muscular contractility.

myricyl

myr'-I-a-me-tre (tre as ter), 8. [Fr., from ref. myria-, and French mètre.] A French measure of length, containing 10,000 metres, and equal to 10 kilometres, or 6-2138257 miles.

myr-1-a-ni-tēg, s. [Gr. myrias ten thousand; n connective, and suff. -ites.]

Palæont.: Formerly considered a genus of Annelids, from the Lower Silurian Rocks of Llampeter in South Wales. Myrianites McLeayi resembles worm tracks with marks like those of setee or rudimentary limbs. (Murchison: Siluria. ch. viii.) When, however, the stone is broken up, and the rest of the fossil displayed, it is seen to be a leaf-like expansion, perhaps a fucoid.

myr'-I-a-pod, 8. [MYRIAPODA.] One of the Myriapoda (q. v.).

myr-i-ǎp-o-da, myr-1-op-o-da, s. pl. [Pref. myria-, and Gr. pous, (genit. podos) = a foot.]

1. Zool.: A class of annulose animals, division Arthropoda. The body is generally long, cylindri

Zool.: (See extract.)

muscles present a remarkable degree of vertebrate seg "In fishes especially, and partly in amphibia, the being subdivided into zones or myotomes by partitions or mentation, the greater part of the muscles of the trunk sclerotomes, partly bony and partly cartilaginous or walls of the trunk, and correspond in number and posimembranous, which extend transversely through the tion with the vertebral and costal segments."-Quain: Anatomy (ed. 1882), i. 185.

my-ot-o-my, s. [MYOTOME.]

1. Anat.: The science which treats of the dissection of the muscles.

2. Surg.: The division of the muscles to remove deformity.

my-ox-I-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myox(us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.J

Zool.: A family of Myomorpha (q. v.), from the Palearctic and Ethiopian regions. There are four genera: Myoxus, Muscardinus, Eliomys, and Graphiurus.

my-ox-us, 8. [Gr. myoxos a dormouse: mys= a mouse, and oxus-sharp snout.]

1. Zoology: Dormouse; a genus of myomorphic rodents, typical of the family Myoxide (q.v.). Three species are known: Myoxus avellenarius, the Common Dormouse; M. glis, the Loir; and M. nitela, the Lerot.

2. Palæont.: (See extract.)

"Two species have been detected in the Upper Eocene (Gypseous series of Montmartre), and a third from beds of Miocene age. Several have been detected in PostTertiary deposits, of which the most remarkabl is M. melitensis, from the Maltese Post-Pliocene. This form is described by Falconer as being as big in comparison to a living dormouse as the bandicoot-rat is to a mouse.' Nicholson: Palæont., ii. 410.

myr-çi-a, s. [Lat. Murcia an epithet of Venus, said to be taken from the myrtle (q. v.), which was sacred to her.

300 to 500 are known, from tropical and sub-tropical Bot.: A genus of Myrtaceae, tribe Myrtem. From America. Many have edible fruits. (Treas. of Bot.) myr-1-a-, pref. [Greek myrias ten thousand.] Many, possessing many or much.

myr-i-a-căn'-thous, a. [MYRIACANTHUS.] Of or belonging to the genus Myriacanthus.

myr-1-a-can-thus, s. [Pref. myria-, and Greek akantha a prickle.]

Palæont.: A genus of fossil Raiide founded by Agassiz in 1837. Morris enumerates three species from the Lias of Lyme Regis.

myr'-i-ad, a. & s. [Gr. myrias (genit. myriados), from myrios-numberless.]

A. As adj.: Innumerable, countless, numberless, infinite, manifold.

"The forests, with their myriad tongues,
Shouted of liberty."
Longfellow: Slave's Dream.

B. As substantive:

1. The number of ten thousand.

somites. There is no distinction between the thorax and the abdomen; there are antennæe, and the pairs of legs are attached to each segment of the mandibles are often large and powerful; one or two omy like that of insects. The Myriapoda live under body. The sexes are separate; the internal anatstones, dead leaves, the bark of trees, and other divided into four orders; Chilopoda (Centipedes), dark places. Some are luminous. The class is Chilognatha (Millepedes), Pauropoda, and Onychophora.

2. Palæont.: The oldest known Myriapods are from the Coal Measures.

myr'-I-arch, 8. [Gr. myriarches, from myrioi= ten thousand, and archo-to rule, to lead.] A com mander of ten thousand men.

myr'-I-äre, s. [Fr., from pref. myria-, and Fr. are.] A French measure of land, containing 10,000 acres, or 1,000,000 square metres, and equal to 247 1143 acres.

my-ri-ca, s. [Latin myrice, myrica, from Greek myrike the tamarisk; not the modern genus.]

only genus of the order Myricace. Myrica gale, Bot.: Sweet Gale; Bog-myrtle; the typical and the Sweet Gale or Dutch Myrtle, has a shrubby stem and lanceolate leaves, broader upward. It is found in bogs and moory ground. Its leaves have Jura scent their clothes with them, and in some a pleasant smell, and the inhabitants of Islay and places a tea is made from them; the twigs are used for beds. The plant yields a yellow ethereal oil, which after a time becomes slightly warm. For merly its leaves were used against the itch, and by Swedish brewers as a substitute for hops. The root of M. cerifera, the Wax Myrtle or Bay-tree of North America, if eaten in quantities, is emetic. The Nepaulese eat the fruit of M. sapida, which is about the size of a cherry. Dr. Dymock says that the bark, treated with boiling water, yields an abundant, hard, brittle extract resembling kino. Dr. Buck states that this bark is valuable in rheu matism, and is occasionally used in the northwestof M. integrifolia and M. nagi are eaten. ern provinces of India for cough, &c. The fruit

myrica-tallow, s.

Chem.: Myrtle-wax. A solid fat extracted from the berries of Myrica cerifera. It is pale-green, translucent, brittle, and has an aromatic taste and smell. It is soluble in hot alcohol, but insoluble in ether; has a specific gravity 1.005, and melts at 48°. myr-l-ca-çe-æ, s. pl. [Lat. myric(a); fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.]

Bot.: Galeworts; an order of Diclinous Exogens, alliance Amentales. It consists of leafy shrubs or small trees covered with resinous glands and dots; two to eight, generally in the axil of a scale-like alternate leaves, and amentaceous flowers; stamens bract; anthers two to four-celled; ovary one-celled; fruit drupaceous; seed solitary, erect. Found in America, Europe, the Cape of Good Hope, and India. Known genus, one; species, thirty.

myr-I-cär-I-a, s. [Lat. myric(a); fem. sing. adj. suff. -aria.]

"In the orchards fed Myriads of caterpillars."-Longfellow: Poet's Tale. versatile intellect. (Coleridge.) myriad-minded, adj. Of vast and extremely

myr'-1-a-grăm, myr'-I-a-grămme, s. [French myriagramme, from pref. myria-, and Fr. gramme.] A French measure of weight, containing, 10,000 grammes, and equal to 22:0485 lbs. avoirdupois.

myr-1-a-li-tre (tre as ter), s. [Fr., from pref. myria-, and Fr. litre.] A French measure of capacity, containing 10,000 litres, and equal to 610,280 cubic inches.

go, gem; thin, this;

alayan species, are applied in India to bruises. M. herbacea is used by the Mongols for tea, and the woody tissue is considered tonic.

myr-I-çin, s. [Mod. Latin, &c., myric(a); in (Chem.).]

is insoluble in boiling alcohol. It consists chiefly Chem. That portion of common beeswax which of myricyl palmitate, C16H31(C30H61)O2, and when heated with potash, is decomposed in the same manner as spermaceti, yielding potassium palmitate and myricyl alcohol.

myr-1-çyl, s. [Eng. myric(in); yl (q. v.).] Chem.: The hypothetical radical of myricyl-alcohol (q. v.).

myricyl-alcohol

myricyl-alcohol, s.

C3061 O. Myricyl-hydrate. Chem.: C30H620 = H Melissic-alcohol. Melissin. The highest known alcohol of the series CnH2n+20, obtained by heating a mixture of myricin and potash, dissolving the product in water, precipitating with baric chloride, and exhausting the precipitate with ether. It is a crystalline body with a silky luster, soluble in boiling alcohol and in ether, and melting at 85°. When strongly heated, it partly sublimes, and is partly resolved into water and melene, C30H60

myricyl-hydrate, s. [MYRICYL-ALCOHOL.] myr-1-o-, pref. [MYRIA.] myr-i-o-log-ic-al, adj. [Eng. myriolog(ue); ical.] Pertaining or relating to a myriologue. myr-1-ŏl-o-gist, s. [Eng. myriolog(ue); -ist.] A composer or singer of a myriologue, usually, if not always, a female.

myr-1-6-logue, s. [Fr. myriologue, myriologie, from Mod. Gr. myriologi, moirologi, from Gr. moira =fate, and logos=a word, a speech.] An extempore funeral-song, sung by females in Modern Greece on the death of some person.

myr-1-o-nē-ma, s. [Pref. myrio-, and Gr. nema

=yarn.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the sub-order or tribe Myrionemacea. The frond is parasitical, forming a flat base, bearing cushion-like tufts of decumbent filaments. (Griffith & Henfrey.)

myr-I-o-ně-mā -çe-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myrionem(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceae.]

Bot. A sub-order or family of Fucaces. They are minute epiphytes, consisting of jointed filaments springing from a layer of decumbent, cohering filaments. They bear oblong spores, or probably oosporanges producing zoospores.

myr-1-ŏph-y1-11-teş, s. [MYRIOPHYLLUM.] Palæobot.: A fossil from the English Coal Measures, resembling Myriophyllum (q. v.). myr-1-oph -y1-lous, a. [MYRIOPHYLLUM.] Having very numerous leaves.

mỹr-1-ŏph -ýl-lŭm, 8. [Gr. myrios-innumerable, and phyllon=a leaf.] Bot.: Water-milfoil; a genus of Haloragaceae, tribe Halorage. The flowers are monoecious, the males having an inferior calyx of four leaves, with four petals, and four to eight stamens; the females a four-lobed calyx with four sessile stigmas; fruit consisting of four sessile, sub-globose, one-celled carpels, at last separating. Found in most countries. Known species, fifteen.

myr-1-o-ra-ma, subst. [Pref. myrio-, and Gr. horama-a view.] A sort of landscape picture made of a number of separate sections which are capable of being associated in various ways so as to form distinct scenes.

myr-1-o-scope, s. [Pref. myrio, and Gr. skopeo to see. A variation of the kaleidoscope, and, like the latter, depending upon the multiplication of images which coalesce in such manner as to form a geometrical pattern. A square box has a sighthole in front, and at the rear are two plane mirrors which are arranged at a suitable angle. On horizontal rollers is a piece of embroidered silk or other ornate fabric, which is moved by means of a crankhandle on one of the rollers. This causes a pretty display when the ornamental figures are multiplied and thrown into geometrical apposition. The top of the box is of oiled muslin or other translucent material which admits sufficient light. myr-1-pris -tis, 8. [Gr. myrios-numberless, and pristos toothed like a saw.]

1. Ichthy.: An acanthopterygian genus of the family Berycidae. Snout short; eye large; villiform teeth on vomer and palatine bones. Scales large, ctenoid. Two dorsals, the first with ten or eleven spines; anal with four spines; caudal forked; ventrals with seven soft rays. Eighteen species, from the tropical seas of both hemispheres, the majority living near the coast, at the surface. Coloration principally red or pink on the back, silvery on the sides. They attain a length of about fifteen inches, and are esteemed as food.

2. Palæont.: There is a species from the Eocene of Sheppey.

my-ris -tāte, s. [Eng. myrist (ic); -ate.] Chem.: A salt of myristic acid. myristate of benzoyl, subst. [MYRISTO-BENZOIC ANHYDRIDE.]

myristate of ethyl, s. [MYRISTIC-ETHER.] myristate of glyceryl, s.

Chem.: C45H606=2003. Myristin. A solid crystallizable fat, obtained from nutmegs by pressure between hot iron plates. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in boiling alcohol, but very soluble in boiling ether. By dry distillation it yields acrolein and a fatty acid.

fate, fat, färe, amidst, what, fall,

2802

my-ris-tic, adj. [Mod. Lat. myrist (ica): -ic.] Contained in or derived from nutmeg.

myristic-acid, s.

Chem.: C14H28O2=C142700. A monobasic acid occurring as a glyceride in nutmeg butter, in otoba fat, in dika bread, and in small quantity in cocoanut oil and spermaceti. It may also be produced artificially by heating ethal with potash lime. It is most easily obtained by the saponification of otoba fat. Pure myristic acid crystallizes from alcohol in silky needles, which melt at 54, and solidify on cooling in crystalline scales. It is insol. uble in water and in ether, but very soluble in hot alcohol. The myristates of the alkali-metals are soluble in water, and not decomposed like the stearates. The other myristates are insoluble or sparingly soluble, and are obtained by precipitation. Myristate of copper, C2H4Cu O4, is a bluishgreen powder consisting of microscopic needles. Myristate of lead, C28H5Pb O, is a white amor phous powder, which melts at 110°. Myristate of potash, CH27KO2, forms a white crystalline soap, soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in ether. myristic-alcohol, s.

Chem.: C14H300=C14H29 O. Methal. An alcohol supposed to exist, together with ethal and others of the same series, in commercial spermaceti. It has never been isolated.

Chem.: C14H27 (C2H5)O2. Myristate of ethyl. Obtained by passing dry hydrochloric acid gas into a hot solution of myristic acid in absolute alcohol. It forms large, hard, easily fusible crystals, soluble in hot alcohol and in ether. Its specific gravity is 0-864.

my-ris-ti-ca, s. [From Gr. myrizo-to be fragrant with ointment, referring to the odor of the fruit.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the order Myristicaaromatic, with entire leaves and dioecious flowers. ceae. It consists of lofty trees or shrubs, generally The albumen of Myristica moschata is the Nutmeg (q. v.), its aril the Mace (q. v.). M. otoba constitutes the coarse, strong smelling nutmegs of Santa Fé. Those of Brazil come from Myristica bicuiba or officinalis; it is a tonic. Those of Madagascar from M. acuminata and madagascariensis, and those of the Indian Archipelago from M. spuria. Another is M. tomentosa. M. fatica has but slight and evanescent fragrance. M. corticosa and M. longifolia, evergreen trees, natives of Burmah, exude a red resin. The bruised and boiled seeds of M. malabarica yield a yellowish concrete oil applied to ulcers.

my-ris-ti-ca -çe-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Latin myris tic(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.]

alliance Menispermales. It consists of tropical Bot.: Nutmegs; an order of Diclinous Exogens, trees, often with a red juice, alternate, entire, coriaceous, stalked leaves, and axillary or terminal racemes, glomerules, or panicles of minute flowers, each, as a rule, having a cucullate bract. Flowers, unisexual; calyx, trifid or rarely quadrifid; fila ments, separate or united; anthers, three to twelve or more. Carpels solitary, or many, with a single, erect ovule; fruit, baccate. Common in the tropics of India and America.

my-ris -ti-çin, s. [Eng. myristic; -in.]

Chem.: The camphor or stearoptene of volatile oil of nutmeg. (Watts.)

mỹ-ris ́-tic-ŏl, s. [Eng. myristic, and (alcoh)ol.] Chem.: A camphor said to exist, together with absinthol, in the oil of wormwood. It boils at 212

218, and yields cymene on distillation with zincic chloride or phosphoric sulphide.

my-ris -tin, s. [Eng. myrist (ic); in.] [MYRISTATE OF GLYCERYL.]

my-ris-to-, pref. [MYRISTONE.] myristo-benzoic anhydride, s.

Chem.: C21H2O3=C14H27O C7H5OO. Myristate of benzoyl. Produced by the action of benzoyl-chloride on potassium-myristate. It crystallizes in lamine, having a silky luster; insoluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether. It has an agreeable odor, and melts at 38°.

myrmidon

my-ris-tone, s. [Eng. myrist (ic); -one.]

Chem.: C2H4O=C14H270°C13H2 A crystalline substance obtained by distilling calcium-myristate. It forms colorless nacreous scales, soluble in boil

ing alcohol, inodorous and tasteless. It melts at 75°, and solidifies on cooling in a radiated mass. mỹr-me-co-, pref. [Gr. myrmex (genit. myrmekos) = an ant.] Feeding on ants. myr-me-co-bl-i-næ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myrmecobi (us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -inc.]

Zool. A sub-family of Dasyuridae, erected for the reception of the aberrant genus Myrmecobius (q. v.).

myr-me-co-bl-us, s. [Pref. myrmeco-, and Gr. bios-life.]

Zool.: The typical and sole genus of the family Myrmecobiinæ. The head elongate, broad behind; muzzle, long and pointed; ears, ovate and of moderate size; five toes on fore, hallux wanting externally on hind feet, but the metatarsal bone is present; no

Myrmecobius.

trace of pouch in female, the young. when attached to the nipples, being concealed only by the long hair of the abdomen. Myr mecobius fasciatus, from western and southern Australia, is the only species known. It is about the size of an English squirrel, and, like that animal, has a long, bushy tail. It lives on the ground, and feeds on ants. Color, chestnut-red; the hinder part of the back is marked with broad white transverse bands.

myr-mě-cô-lě-ŏn, s. [MYRMELEON.] myr-me-coph-a-ga, 8. [Pref. myrmeco-, and Gr. phagein to eat.]

Zool.: Ant-eater. The typical genus of the family Myrmecophagidae (q. v.). Body rather compressed, covered with long, coarse hair; tail, non-prehensile, covered with very long hair; ears, small, oval, erect: eyes, very small. There is but one species, the Great Ant-eater (q. v.).

myr-me-co-phag-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myrmecophag(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido.]

Zool.: Ant-eaters. A family of edentate mammals from the Neotropical region. Myrmecophaga (q. v.), terrestrial; and Tamandua and Cycloturus,

arboreal.

myr-me-coph -a-gous, adj. [Eng. myrmecophag(a); -ous.] Belonging to, or having the characteristics of the genus Myrmecophaga. myr-mê-lě-on, mỹr-me-co-le-on, s. [Greek myrmer an ant, and leon a lion.]

family Myrmeleontidae (q. 7.). Myrmeleon euro Entom.: Ant-lion (q. v.); the typical genus of the pous and M. formicarius live in the south of Europe, and there is a species in India.

myr-me-le-on-tl-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myrmeleon, genit. myrmeleont(is); Latin fem. pl. suff. ida.]

Entom.: A family of neuropterous insects, suborder Planipennia, tribe Megaloptera. The head is large, the antennæ clavate, the upper edge of the mandibles toothed.

myr-mi-ca, s. (Gr. myrmex an ant.]

Entom.: The typical genus of the sub-family Myrmicine (q. v.). Under the designation Red-ant, Myrmica rubra, it is now known that three species have been confounded, viz.: M. ruginodis, M. SCGbrinodis, and M. lævinodis.

Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -inc.] myr-ml-çi-næ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myrmic(a):

Entom.: A sub-family of Formicide, containing ants in which the abdominal petiole has two knots. myr'-mi-çine, a. [MYRMICINE.]

Entom.: Of or belonging to the sub-family Myrmicinæ (q. v.).

"Another Myrmicine ant (Myrmica scabrinodis)."Cassell's Nat. Hist., v. 381.

Myrmidones. See def.] myr-mi-don, s. [Lat. Myrmidones, from Greek

1. Gr. Antiq.: One of a warlike people of Thrace, ruled over by Achilles, and taken by him as his followers to the siege of Troy.

"Come here about me, you my Myrmidons." Shakesp.: Troilus and Cressida, v. 7. 2. A soldier of a rough character; a ruffian, a brutal fellow; one who executes the orders of his superiors ruthlessly and pitilessly; an unscrupulous follower.

myrmidonian

myr-mi-do-ni-an, a. [Eng. myrmidon; -ian.] Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling myrmidons.

"Some beam of comfort yet on Greece may shine,
If I but lead thy Myrmidonian line."
Pope: Homer's Iliad, xvi. 57.

mỹ-rob-a-lăn, mỹ-rob ́-ô-lăn, s. [Lat. myrobalanum, from Gr. myrobalanos, from myron a sweet juice distilled from plants, any prepared unguent or sweet oil, and balanos-an acorn, a nut; Fr. myrobalan, myrobolan; Sp. mirobalano, mirobolano; Ital. mirobolano.]

Botany:

1. Sing. Terminalia chebula, and others of the genus. [TERMINALIA.]

2. Pl.: The name given by Lindley to the order Combretacea (q. v.).

The Beleric myrobalan is Terminalia belerica; Emblic myrobalans are the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica, called also Emblica officinalis. [PHYLLANTHUS.]

myrobalan-plum, s.

Bot.: Prunus cerasifera or P. domestica myrobalana, a North American deciduous shrub.

my-rō-dl-a, 8. [Gr. myron=fragrant oil, and osme smell.]

Bot.: A genus of Sterculiacea, tribe Helicteres. Myrodia angustifolia is used in Brazil in venereal disorders.

my-ro-nāte, s. [Eng. myron (ic); -ate.] Chem.: A salt of myronic acid.

mỹ-ron-Ic, adj. [Gr. myron a sweet-smelling ointment; Eng. suff. ic.] (For def. see etym. and compound.)

myronic-acid, s.

Chem.: C10H19NS2010. An acid occurring as potassium-myronate in the seeds of the black mustard. Its properties are unknown in the free state, as it decomposes quickly. The myronates are inodor ous, soluble in water, and yield sulpho-cyanate of albyl with aqueous myrosin. Potassium-myronate, C10H18NKS2010, is obtained by digesting ground mustard-seed with boiling alcohol, and treating the residue with cold water. It crystallizes in silky needles, insoluble in absolute alcohol and ether, but very soluble in water. It is quickly converted by myrosin into grape-sugar, oil of mustard, and hydric potassic-sulphate.

*mỹ-rop-o-list, 8. [Gr. myropālēs, from myron =a sweet oil, and poleō-to sell.] One who sells

unguents or perfumery.

my-ro-sin, subst. [Gr. myron a sweet-smelling ointment; & connective, and Eng. suff. -in.]

Chem.: The ferment of mustard-seed, prepared by exhausting the pulverized seeds of black and white mustard with cold water, and precipitating by means of alcohol. Its aqueous solution is transparent, colorless, and gummy, and froths when agi

tated.

mỹ-ro-sper-mn, s. [English myrosperm(um);

-in.[

Chem.: The name given by Richter to the portion of the oil of Balsam of Peru which is soluble in alcohol. (Cooley.)

my-rd-sper-măm, 8. [Gr. myron a sweet oil, and sperma a seed.]

Bot.: A genus of papilionaceous plants, tribe Sophorem. Myrospermum peruiferum, the Quinquino, furnishes the Balsam of Peru (q. v.); and M. toluiferum the Balsam of Tolu (q. v.).

my-rox-o-car'-pin, subst. [Eng. myrox(ylon); o connective: carp(ene), and suff. -in.] Chem.: C48H3506. A substance extracted from white Peru balsam by alcohol. It crystallizes in large, thin, colorless prisms, often an inch long, tasteless, insoluble in water, but very soluble in alcohol and ether. It melts at 115° to a transparent glass, which does not crystallize on cooling. It does

not unite with acids or alkalies.

my-rox-1'-ic, s. [Mod. Lat. myroxyl(on); Eng. adj. suff. -ic.] Contained in or derived from myroxylin.

myroxylic-acid, s. [MYROXYLIN.]

mỹ-rox - l-In, s. [Eng. myroxyl(on); -in.] Chem. The name given by Richter to the portion of the oil of Balsam of Peru which is insoluble in alcohol. By oxygenation it forms myroxylic acid. (Cooley.)

my-rox-yl-on, s. [Gr. myron-sweet oil, distilled from a plant, and xylon=wood.]

Bot.: A synonym of Myrospermum (q. v.). myrrh, *mirre, *myrrhe, *myrre, s. [0. Fr. mirre (Fr. myrrhe), from Lat. myrrha; Gr. myrrha =the balsamic juice of the Arabian myrtle, from Arab. murr (1) bitter, (2) myrrh; cogn. with Heb. mar-bitter; Ital. & Sp. mirra.]

1. Botany:

(1) Balsamodendron myrrha. [2.] (2) The genus Myrrhis (q. v.).

boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat, çell,

myrrh-seed, 8.

Bot.: Myrospermum pubescens.

mysidæ

myrrh-in, s. [Eng. myrrh; -in.]

Chem. The portion of myrrh soluble in alcohol. It has the odor of myrrh, melts at 93°, and is soluble in ether. Heated to 168 it swells up and is decomposed, leaving a reddish-brown mass, with out taste or smell, soluble in alcohol and ether, but insoluble in boiling potash.

myrrh -ine, a. & s. [Lat. myrrhinus.] [MURRHINE.]

A. As adj.: Made of the myrrhine stone.

Crystal and myrrhine cups embossed with gems." Milton: P. R., iv. 119. B. As subst.: Murrhine; myrrhite (q. v.). myrrh -Is, s. [Gr. Sweet Cicely.] Bot.: Cicely; a family of umbelliferous plants, family Caucalinidae. The umbels are compound, many-rayed; the bracts few or none; the bracteolo many, membranous; the fruit very elongate, with the commissure broad; the carpels very convex at the back. Two species are known. One, Myrrhis odorata, has deltoid, thrice-pinnate leaves, is aromatic and stimulant. Formerly it was cultivated as a pot herb, and is still used in Italyin salads. (Sir J. D. Hooker.)

myrrh -ite, s. [MYRRHINE.] myrrh -ŏl, s. [Eng. myrrh, and Lat. ol(eum) = oil. J

Chem.: The essential oil of myrrh, obtained by distilling an alcoholic solution of myrrhin with water. It is a viscid, brownish-green oil; specific gravity 1.0189 at 15.5°, boiling at 266.

myrrh-o-phöre, s. [Lit.=myrrh-bearer, from Gr. myrrha myrrh, and phero-to bear.]

Art: The myrrhophores are the three Maries, who, as it began to dawn, came to see the sepul cher." They are represented as bearing vases of myrrh in their hands.

*myrrh-y, a. [Eng. myrrh; y.] Redolent of myrrh.

"As pours some pigeon from the myrrhy land." Browning: Waring. myr-si-nā -çe-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. myrsin(e); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.]

Bot.: Ardisiads; an order of Perigynous Exogens, alliance Cortusales. It consists of trees or handsome shrubs, with smooth, coriaceous, exstipulate axillary, in umbels, corymbs, or panicles; flowers leaves, sometimes ternate. Inflorescence, generally small, white or red, often with sunken dots or lines; calyx, four to five cleft, persistent; corolla four or five cleft; stamens four or five, with anthers, opposite the segments of the corolla, there also in some cases being five sterile petaloid ones; ovary superior or half inferior, one-celled, with a free central placenta and a 'definite or indefinite number of ovules; fruit fleshy, generally one-seeded. Found in tropical islands, also in Asia, Africa, and America. Known genera, thirty; species, 320. (Lindley.)

myr-si-në, 8. [Gr. myrsinos of myrtle, from myrtos-myrtle.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the order Myrsinace. The fruit of Myrsine africana is anthelmintic. In dropsy and colic it is a laxative. The gum is a remedy for dysmenorrhoea. The berries of M. bifaria are cathartic.

mỹr-ta-çe-æ, s. pl. [Lat. fem. pl. of myrtaceus =of myrtle, from myrtus (q. v.).]

Bot.: Myrtle-blooms; an order of Epigynous Exogens, alliance Myrtales. It consists of trees or shrubs, with opposite or alternate entire leaves, usually with transparent dots and a vein running parallel to the margin. Inflorescence generally axillary; flowers red, white, or yellow, never blue; calyx valvate, four or five cleft, sometimes falling off in one piece; petals four or five, or wanting; stamens generally twice as many as the petals, rarely the same in number, sometimes indefinite; ovary inferior, one, two, four, five, or six celled, with a

chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this;

It contains ten orders: Combretaceae, Alangiaces, Chamælauciace, Haloragacer, Onagrace, Rhizophoraceae, Belvisiaceae, Melastomaceae, Myrtaceae, and Lecythidaceae.

mỹr -tě-æ, s. pl. [Lat. myrt(us); fem. pl. adj. suff.eo.] Bot.: The typical tribe of the order Myrtacea (q. v.). forma form, shape.] Having the appearance of myr-tl-form, a. [Latin myrtus=myrtle, and myrtle or myrtle-berries. myrtiform-fossa, s.

Anat.: A slight depression in the upper maxillary bone. Called also the incisor-fossa.

myr-tle, *mir-tle, *myr-til, s. [O. Fr. myrtil, dimin. of myrte, meurte=the myrtle, from Lat. murtus, myrtus, myrta, from Gr. myrtos, from Pers. múrd the myrtle.]

1. Bot.: Myrtus communis, a native of Persia. By distillation it yields an essential oil, used in perfumery. About a hundredweight of the leaves yields only 5 oz. of the perfume called in France eau d'ange. The leaves are used in cerebral affections, &c. The fruit, which is carminative and emetic, is given in dysentery, diarrhoea, internal ulcers, and rheumatism. A gargle of the leaves is used in aphth, and a paste of the seeds in scorpion bites. (Calcutta Exhib. Rep.) In the Greek archipelago the berries, especially those of a variety with white fruit, are eaten, as were the buds and berries by the ancients. In Tuscany they are used for pepper, and also made into a kind of wine, there called myrtidamnum. The powdered leaves have been used in Sicily as a substitute for sumac.

2. Script.: The word rendered myrtle in Scripture is correctly translated.

In this country several creeping plants are erroneously called myrtle, amon gthem the blue-flowered periwinkle.

myrtle-berry, s. The fruit of the myrtle. myrtle-bilberry, s.

Bot.: Vaccinium myrtillus. myrtle-bloom, s.

Bot. (pl.): The English name given by Lindley to the order Myrtacea (q. v.).

myrtle-wax, s. [MYRICA-TALLOW.]

myr -tus (pl. mỹr'-ti), subst. [Lat., from Gr. myrtos.] [MYRTLE.]

Botany:

1. Sing. The typical genus of the order Myrtacea (q. v.). The flowers, which are yellow or white, are axillary; the petals five; the fruit succulent, crowned by the calyx, lobes divided into two or three cells, their seeds kidney or horseshoe shaped, with a bony shell; leaves opposite, entire, dotted. About twelve species are known, from South America, Central Asia, and New Zealand. Myrtus communis is the Myrtle (q. v.). All are not trees, M. nummularia of the Falkland Islands being' an

undershrub.

2. Pl. Jussieu's name, given in 1789, to the order now called Myrtaceae, of which he was the founder. myr-us (yr as ir), s. [Lat., from Gr. myros=a kind of sea-eel, the male of the Muræna.],

Ichthy. A hypothetical genus of Muraenidae; possibly it may be only a larval form of some other

species.

mỹ-self, *my-selve, *my-silf (pl. бur-sělveş ), pron. [Eng. my, and self.]

1. Used in the nominative, after 1, to add empha sis, or to point out more emphatically the distinc tion between the speaker and another person. The is sometimes omitted in poetry.

"Myself hath often overhead them say." Shakesp.: Titus Andronicus, iv. 4. 2. Used in the objective as a reflexive pronoun. my-si-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. mys(is); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. ida.]

Zool.: Opossum-shrimps; a family of Crustaceans, order Stomapoda. The form of the body closely sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

mysis

approaches that of the shrimps; the resemblance to an opossum is in the pouch, formed of plates attached to the abdominal legs, in which the female keeps first the eggs and then the immature young. They form a great part of the food of the whale.

my-sis, 8. [Gr. mysis a closing the lips or eyes; myo-to close, to shut.]

Zool.: Opossum-shrimp; the typical genus of the family Myside (q.v.). Mysis chamaleon, or vulgaris, the Common Opossum-shrimp, is a native of the northern European seas, &c. M. relicta, from the great lakes of Sweden and North America, is the only known freshwater Stomapod.

mysis-stage, s.

Zool.: A stage in the development of certain Crustaceans (Prawns), in which they closely resemble the adults of Mysis, a genus belonging to a slightly lower group.

mys-ops, s. [Gr. mys=a mouse, and ops, õps= the eye, the face, the countenance.]

Palaont.: A genus of Muridae found in the Eocene of North America.

My-söre', s. & a. [Hind. Maheshasura.]

Geog.: A state of Southern India protected by the British.

Mysore-thorn, s.

Bot.: Casalpinia sepiaria, a scandent, strongly armed shrub, forming an almost impenetrable fence. Hyder Ali planted it around fortified places. (Graham: Flora of Bombay.)

Mỹ-sor-in, s. [From Mysor (e), in Hindustan; Eng. suif. (Min.) -ine.]

Min.: An impure malachite (q. v.), containing 9.02 per cent. of water.

mỹs-tą-çi ́-na, s. [Mod. Lat., from Gr. mystax (genit. mystakos)=the upper lip.].

Zool.: Mystacina tuberculata, the sole species of the group Mystacinæ, a peculiar form restricted to New Zealand, where, with Chalinolobus tuberculatus, it represents the indigenous mammalian fauna. It has the peculiar property of folding its wings and rolling up the posterior half of the interfemoral membrane, thus becoming quadrupedal. The claws of the thumbs and toes have each a small talon projecting from the base. The soles of the feet and the inferior surface of the legs are manifestly adhesive, and their structure leads to the belief that this species hunts for its insect food, not only in the air, but also on the branches and leaves of trees, among which its peculiarities of structure probably enable it to walk about with security and ease. (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 488.) mys-ta-çi'-næ, s. pl. [Nom. pl. of Mod. Lat. mystacina (q. v.).]

Zool.: A group of Emballonuridae, sub-family Molossing. The tail perforates the interfemoral membrane, and appears on its upper surface. Mystacina is the sub-genus.

mys'-ta-co-çētes, 8. pl. [MYSTACOCETI.] The English form of the scientific name Mystacoceti (q. v.).

"The Mystacocetes appear at first sight to be the most specialized and aberrant of the existent Cetacea."—Encyc. Brit. (ed. 9th), xv. 393.

mys-ta-co-çë -ti, s. pl. [Mod. Latin, from Gr. mystax (genit. mystakos)=the upper lip, and ketos =a sea-monster, a huge fish.]

1. Zool.: The Balenoidea (Whalebone or Baleen Whales), a sub-order of Cetacea. Genera, Balena, Neobalna, Rachianectes, Megaptera, and Balanoptera.

2. Palæont.: The sub-order is represented in the early Pliocene, but the species were generally smaller than those now existing.

mys-ta-co-leū ́-cŭs, s. (Gr. mystax (genit. mystakos)=the upper lip, the mustache, and leukos = white.]

Ichthy.: A genus of Xenocypridina, from Sumatra. mys-ta-gog -lc, *mys-ta-gŏġ ́-Ic-al, a. [Eng. mystagogue); ic.] Relating or pertaining to a mystagogue or mystagogy; having the character of a mystagogue; pertaining to the interpretation of mysteries.

"The mustagogical illuminations of the great Areopagite."-Digby: On the Soul; Conclusion.

mys-ta-gogue, s. [Latin mystagogus, from Gr. mystagogos, from mystes = initiated in mysteries, and agogos a leader; agō to lead; French mystagogue; Ital. mistagogo.]

1. One who interprets divine mysteries. "The Egyptian_mystagogues taught it among their greatest secrets."-Warburton: Divine Legation, bk. ii., §4.

2. One who keeps church relics and exhibits them

to strangers.

mys-ta-gog-y, 8. [MYSTAGOGUE.] The interpretation of mysteries; the principles, practice, or doctrines of a mystagogue.

fate, fat, färe, amidst,
ΟΙ.
wöre, wolf, work,

2804

*mys-ter, s. [MISTER.]

*mys-tër-1-al, adj. [Eng. mystery; -al.] Containing a mystery of puzzle; not easily understood or solved; enigmatical.

"Beauty and Love, whose story is mysteriall." Ben Jonson: Love's Triumph. *mys-tër-1-arch, s. [Gr. mysteriarches, from mysterion=a mystery, and archo-to rule, to direct.] One who presides over mysteries. [MYSTERY (1),6.] mys-tër-1-oŭs, a. [Fr. mystérieux; from Lat. mysterium = a mystery (q. v.); Ital. &. Sp. misterioso.] Containing or of the nature of a mystery; not plain to the understanding; obscure; beyond human comprehension; mystic, occult, incomprehensible. "Mysterious are His ways, whose power Brings forth that unexpected hour." Cowper: Poetical Epistle to Lady Austen. mys-tër-l-ous-ly, adv. [Eng. mysterious; -ly.] In a mysterious manner; in a manner beyond hu man comprehension; mystically, allegorically. "Each stair mysteriously was meant, nor stood There always." Milton: P. L., iii. 516. mys-tër-i-oŭs-ness, s. [English mysterious;

-ness. J

1. The quality or state of being mysterious; obscureness; mysticalness, incomprehensibleness. of the Christian religion." South: Sermons, vol. iii.,

"The unavoidable mysteriousness of the chief articles

ser. 6.

2. That which is mysterious or obscure; a mystery.

mỹs ́-tēr-īze, v. t. [Eng. myster(y); -ize.] To express in enigmas.

"Mysterizing their ensigns, they make the particular ones of the twelve tribes accommodable unto the twelve signs of the zodiac." — Browne: Vulgar Errors, bk. v.,

ch. x.

munion Service.

myth

mystery-play, s. [MYSTERY (2), 2.]

mys -tic, *mys -tick, a. & s. [Fr. mystique from Lat. mysticus, from Gr. mystikos=mystic, from mystes one initiated into mysteries; Ital. & Sp. mistico.]

A. As adjective:

1. Hidden from or incomprehensible to human knowledge or comprehension; mysterious, dark, occult, obscure, secret. "Cared not the Lady to betray Her mystic arts in view of day." Scott: Lay of the Last Minstrel, v. 27. 2. Allegorical, emblematical. "Ceremonial law, with all its mystic rites many, that bestow the reading on it, seems scarce worth it."-Boyle: Works, ii. 278.

to

*3. Pertaining to the ancient mysteries. [MYSTERY (1), 6.]

4. Of or pertaining to mystics or mysticism.

B. As subst.: One who is addicted to mysticism; a supporter of the doctrine of mysticism; specif., one of a religious party which arose toward the close of the third century, distinguished by their professing pure, sublime, and perfect devotion. "But why before us Protestants produce An Indian mystic or a French reciuse !" Cowper: Truth, 128. mys -tic-al, *mis-tic-all, *mys-tic-all, a. [Eng. mystic; -al.] The same as MYSTIC, a. (q. v.). mystical-theology, s.

Ecclesiol: That branch of theology which deals with personal spiritual experience, and lays down rules for the attainment of a high state of contemplation.

mys -tic-al-ly, *mis -tic-al-liě, adr. [Eng. mystical; -ly.] In a mystical manner; allegorically.

"All charactered mystically there."

Stirling: Domesday; The Fifth Hour. mys -tic-al-ness, s. [Eng. mystical; -ness-] The quality or state of being mystical.

mys̟ -ti-çişm, s. [Eng. mystic; -ism; Fr. mysticisme.]

Theol. & Church Hist.: The views of the mystics; specially, that they possessed more direct com munion with God than did other Christians. Individuals have more or less held this view in every age of the Church. The creed of modern mysticism may be found in the universally popular Imitation, attributed to à Kempis, somewhat less known are the poems of Madame Guyon, translated by Cowper. The piety breathed in her verse is most ardent, though at times the language used is more familiar than is usually addressed to God. mys-ti-fi-ca-tion, s. [Fr.]

1. The act of mystifying, puzzling, or perplexing. 2. The state of being mystified, puzzled, or perplexed.

3. That which mystifies, puzzles, or perplexes; a puzzle, a mystery.

mys'-ti-fi-cat-ōr, s. [MYSTIFY.] One who mystifies, puzzles, or perplexes.

mys -ti-ty, v. t. [Lat. mysterium, and fio, pass. of faceo to make.] To involve or shroud in mys tery; to perplex. [MYSTERY (1).]

mys-tro-pět-a-li-næ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. mystropetal(on); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -inæ.]

Bot.: An order of Rhizanths parasitic on roots. scales; the flowers in dense heads or spikes. They The stem is sheathing, covered by imbricated are monoecious, the male flowers being on the upper and the female on the lower part of the spike. The males are one to three valved; stamens two (?) the females a three-lobbed stigma. Fruit a rounded achene. Akin to Balanophoraceae. Known species two, both from South Africa.

mys-tro-pět -a-lon, s. [Gr. mystron=a spoon, and petalon a leaf, a petal.] Bot.: The typical genus of the order Mystropetaline (q. v.).

mỹ-ta-çişm, s. [Gr mytakismos=fondness for the letter m.] Rhet.: Too frequent use of the letter m. (Encyc Londin.)

myth, *mythe, s. [Lat. mythos=a fable, a myth; Gr. mythos anything delivered by word of mouth.] 1. Literally:

(1) Gen.: A fiction framed unconsciously, not a willful falsehood. Such myths arose most copi ously in the infancy of nations, but they do so yet, especially among young people or the uneducated, there being the closest analogy between the mind of early man and that of a child or of an untaugst person. Every observation of nature every event in human history, every attempt to understand language tended to the multiplication of myths. pine, pit, sire, sir, marîne; gỗ, pot, œ = ē; ey = å. qu= kv.