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monopetalous

mon-o-pět -a-loŭs, a. [Pref. mono-; Gr. petalon a petal (q. v.), and Eng. suff. -ous.]

Bot.: Having the petals coherent into a single piece; gamopetalous, sympetalous.

mō-no-phāne, s. [Gr. monophanes=appearing to shine in one direction.]

Min.: The same as EPISTILBITE (q. v.). mo-noph-an oùs, a. [Gr. monos-alone, single, and phaino to appear.] Similar in appearance to something else; resembling each other.

mon-o-phon-Ic, a. [Gr. monos-alone, single, and phone sound.]

Mus.: A term applied to a composition having but one part; single-voiced.

mo-noph-thong, s. [Gr. monophthonggos: from monos alone, single, and phthonggos=sound.] 1. A simple vowel sound.

2. A combination of two written vowels pronounced as one.

mon-ŏph-thŏng'-al, a. [Eng. monophthong; -al. Pertaining to or consisting of a simple vowelsound.

mon-o-phỹ-lět-ic, a. [Gr. monos alone, single, and phyle a tribe, a family.] Of or pertaining to a single family.

monophyletic hypothesis, 8.

Biol.: The hypothesis of descent which endeavors to trace the origin of all individual groups of organisms to a single common species of Moneron, which originated by spontaneous generation. It is opposed to Polyphyletic (q. v.).

"I consider it best in the meantime to adopt the monophyletic hypothesis of descent both for the animal and vegetable kingdom."-Haeckel: Hist. Creation, ii. 46. mo-nŏph'-1-loŭs, a. [Gr. monophyllos: from monos alone, single, and phyllon a leaf.] Bot.: Having only one leaf; formed of one leaf; gamophyllous, symphyllous.

mo-nŏph-1-lus, s. [MONOPHYLLOUS.] Zool.: Redman's Bat; a genus with a single species belonging to the sub-family Phyllostomina, group Glossophage. The wing expanse is about twelve inches; the fur grayish-brown above, with the tips of the hair slightly hoary; dusky gray, tipped with white, on the lower surface; wingmembranes dark brown. Habitat, Jamaica and

Cuba.

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Church Hist. (pl.): Those who with Eutyches believed that there was only one nature in Christ, namely, that of the Word, who became incarnate, and that the divine and human elements in that one nature were blended as the body and soul in man. [For the early history of the Monophysites, see EUTYCHIAN.] In the sixth century, when the Monophysites were in considerable adversity, their prosperity was restored by the eloquence and zeal of a certain monk, Jacobus or James, surnamed Baradeus er Zanzalus. He died at Edessa in A. D. 578. From him the Monophysites are often called Jacobites. They established two bishops or patriarchs, one at Alexandria, with jurisdiction over Egypt and Abyssinia; and the other at Antioch, with jurisdiction over Syria and Armenia. When the Mohammedans were struggling for power, it was their policy to protect all heretical sects with the view of making them thorns in the sides of the Church. They did so at first to the Monophysites, but afterward oppressed them. In the seventh century the Monophysite originated the Monothelite controversy. [MONOTHELITE.] The Egyptians and the Abyssinians are still Monophysites. B. As adj.: Of or belonging to the Monophysites; Eutychian.

ical.]

mon-o-phy-sit -Ic-al, a. [Eng. monophysit(e); Church Hist. Of or pertaining to the Monophy sites, or their doctrines.

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mon -o-plǎst, 8. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. plassō= to form.] Anat. & Biol.: An animal cell, an elementary organism.

mon-o-plǎs -tic, a. plastic.] Biol. Retaining the original form; having but one form; not susceptible of metamorphosis. mŏn-ò̟-plē ́-gi-a, s. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. plēge =a stroke.]

[Pref. mono-, and English

limb of the subject. Pathol.: A stroke of paralysis affecting but one

mon ō-pleür-o-brăǹ'-chi-ang, 8. pl. [MONOPLEUROBRANCHIATA.] The English name of the Monopleurobranchiata (q. v.).

mon-o-pleür-o-brăǹ-chi-ã -ta, s. pl. [Prefix mono- Gr. pleuron=pleura=a rib, and brangchion =a gill.] Zool. De Blainville's name for the section of Tectibranchiata (q. v.). gasteropodous mollusks, now called, after Cuvier, branchia (q. v.). Named also Pomato

mon-op-neu-mō-ną, s. pl. [Pref. mono-, and Eng. pneumonia.]

Zool.: A sub-order of the Dipnoi. mô-nõp ́-nō-a, s. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. pnoc= wind, breathing.] Zool. & Paleont.: Professor Owen's name for a subdivision of reptiles containing all those which do not live in the water.

Mon -o-pōdes, s. pl. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. pous (genit. podos)=a foot.] A fabulous one-legged race of Africans described by old travelers. mon-o-pō -di-ǎl, adj. [Pref. mono-, and English podial.]

Bot.: Possessing a monopodium. mon-ō-po-di-um, s. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. pous (genit. podos) = a foot.]

Bot.: A continuous single vegetable axis; the opposite of sympodium.

mo-nop-o-dỹ, s. [Gr. monos alone, single, and pous (genit. podos)=a foot.] Pros.: A measure consisting of only a single foot. *mo nop -ô-lêr, s. [Eng. monopol(y); -er.] A monopolist.

Monopolizing, monopoly. mô-nõp -ð-lişm, s. [English monopol(y); -ism.]

"A land of monopolism and conservatism."-Nature; vol. xxiv. (1881), p. 602.

mo-nop-o-list, s. [Eng. monopol(y); -ist.]

1. One who monopolizes; one who has a monopoly or exclusive command over any branch of trade, or article of production; one who is licensed for the exclusive manufacture, sale, or purchase of any article; one who buys up the whole available stock of any commodity in order to resell at an advanced price.

thing to the exclusion of others. 2. One who assumes or claims the right to any

"Some green heads, as void of wit as thought, Suppose themselves monopolists of sense." Cowper: Conversation, 625. acquire a monopoly." mon-op-o-list -Ic, a. In a manner intended to

nective; suff. -an.] A monopolist or monopolizer. *mon-o-pol-1-tan, s. [Eng. monopoly; t con"Monopolitans of starch, tin, fish, cloth, &c."-Oldys: Life of Sir W. Raleigh. *mo-nop ́-o-lite, s. [MONOPOLY.] A monopolist. "You marchant mercers, and monopolites." Sylvester: Du Bartas; day 3, wk. 1, 522. mo-nop-o-lize, v. t. [Eng. monopol(y); -ize.] 1. To obtain or possess a monopoly of; to have exclusive command over for production, sale, or purchase.

2. To obtain or hold exclusive possession of; to engross.

"It is natural that they should demand a division of the common property among all the citizens rather than allow it to be monopolized by a few unscrupulous men."Lewis: Cred. Early Roman Hist. (1855), ii. 131.

mo nop -ð liz-ēr, s. [Eng. monopoliz(e); -er.] One who monopolizes; one who holds a monopoly; a monopolist.

"Patentees and monopolizers in the trade of bookselling."-Milton: Areopagitica.

mồ-nop Ổ lý, *mon-o-po-le, s. [Lat. monopolium; from Gr. monopolion the right of monop oly; monopolia = monopoly: monos single, and poleō to sell, to traffic; Fr. monopole.]

I. Ordinary Language:

monormia

company to make, sell, export, import, buy, or otherwise deal in any commodity or number of com modities. Thus, a patent for an invention gives the patentee the exclusive right of making or dealing in the article patented.

"He thinks he can never trade to his advantage, unless he can have the monopoly of every thing he values.”South: Sermons, vol. v., ser. 10.

Opium is a government monopoly in India; the 2. That which is the subject of a monopoly; as, Standard Oil Company have a monopoly. 3. The assuming or claiming right to or possession a monopoly of the conversation. of anything to the exclusion of others; as, He claims

II. Law: The only monopolies that the laws of the United States and the individual states look upon with favor consist of the Post Office, which is a government monopoly, and the rights granted to individuals under the Patent and Copyright laws; a patent covering a period of seventeen years with no renewal except by a special act of Congress, and a copyright twenty-eight years with a renewal of fourteen years if certain conditions are complied with. Monopolies commonly known as Trusts are looked upon with odium, and various states have enacted laws making a Trust an illegal combination eigns assumed to themselves the right of granting of individuals. Some of the early English soverto certain favored subjects the monopoly, or sole right of selling and dealing in particular commodities. This pretended prerogative was carried to a most injurious length in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and led to the passing of the Statute of Monopolies, 21 Jac. I., c. 3; which, while declaring the illegality of such grants of exclusive trading in general, contained an exception in favor of new and original inventions in manufacture; and enacted that the declaration against monopolies should not extend to letters patent and grants of privilege, for the term of fourteen years or under, of the sole working of any manner of new manufactures within the realm, to the true and first inventor thereof, provided such manufactures were not in use by others at the time of granting the letters-patent. Upon this exception, which, to a certain extent. recognizes the royal prerogative, the modern English law of patents for inventions in manufactures may be considered to rest.

gle; polys=many, and logos a word, a speech.] An món 0-pol-f-logue, s. [Gr. monos=alone, sin entertainment in which a single actor sustains several characters.

mon-o-pri-o-nid -I-an, a. [Prefix mono-, and dimin of Gr. prion = a saw.]

of hydrothecæ or cellules in the simple or branched Zool. (of graptolites): Having only a single row polypary.

mo-nop'-ter-al, a. & s. [MONOPTERON.]

A. As adj.: Shaped or formed like a monopteron. B. As subst.: A monopteron.

mồ-nop-ter-ăn, mồ nop-têr-ěs, s. (Gr. mo nopteros, from monos-single, and pteron=a wing, a row.]

Arch. A species of temple without walls, and composed of columns arranged in a circle, and supporting a cupola, or a conical roof. Called also a Monepteral.

mon-op-tĕr-ŭs, s. [MONOPTERON.]

Ichthy. A genus of physostomous fishes, family Symbranchidæ (q.v.). Monopterus javanicus is extremely common in the East Indian Archipelago. It is upward of three feet long.

mo-nŏp‍-tōte, s. [Gr. monoptotos=having but one case: monos-single, and ptosis-a falling, a case.] ending. Gram.: A noun which has but one oblique casemon-op-tyg'-mą, s. (Pref. mono-, and Gr.ptygma anything folded, a fold; ptyssʊ=to fold, to double up.]

Zool.: A genus of holostomatous prosobranchiate gasteropods, family Pyramidellida (q. v.). The shells are beautiful and delicate. The animal has short tentacles, with the eyes at their inner bases, rudimentary tongue, and elongated, narrow foot. Twelve species are known.

mon-ō-pỹ re-nous, a. [Pref. mono-; Gr. pyrën =a stone or kernel, and Eng. suff. -ous.]

Bot.: Having but a single stone or kernel. mon-or-găn-ic, a. [Pref. mon-, and English organic (q. v.).] Belonging to or affecting one organ or set of organs.

mon -ō-rhyme, s. [Greek monorrhythmos; from monos alone, single, and rhythmos=rhythm.] A composition or verse, in which all the lines end in the same rhyme.

mon-or-mi-a, s. [Pref. mon-, and Gr. ormia=a fishing-line.]

1. An exclusive trading right over; the exclusive right or privilege of production, sale, or purchase of any commodity; the sole right or power of selling any commodity; the exclusive right or privilege of trading in any community, or with any country; license from the proper authority to any person or fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fall, father; wj, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre;

Bot. A genus of Nostochaceae (Confervoid Alge) founded by Berkeley.

pine, pit, sïre, sir,

marîne; gỗ, pot.

monosepalous

mon-o-sĕp'-al-ous, a. [Pref. mono-, and Eng. sepalous (q. v.).]

Bot.: Having one sepal, i e., the sepals united into a single piece; gamosepalous.

mo-nō'-sis, s. [Gr. monosis-solitariness, singleness.]

Bot.: The isolation of one organ from the rest. món-ở-so-mạ-tạ, mòn-ở-so-ma-ti-a (tỉ as shi), s. pl. [Pref. mono-, and Greek sōma (genit. somatos)=the body.]

Zool. An order of Rhizopoda, established by Siebold, comprising those which consist of only a single animal. They are naked or inclosed in a capsule, with one opening for the extrusion of the motor filaments. Families, Proteida and Arcellida. (Dallas.)

mon -o-sperm, s. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. sperma seed.]

Bot.: A plant having one seed, mon'-d-sperm-oŭs, a. [Eng. monosperm; -ous.] Bot.: Having but one seed. mon-o-sphĕr-I-cal, a. [Pref. mono-, and Eng. spherical (q. v.).] Consisting of or having a single sphere.

†mo-nos'-ta-choŭs, a. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. stachus an ear of corn.]

Bot.: Having a single spike.

mon-o-stear'-in, s. [Pref. mono-, and English stearin (q. v.).].

Chem. (CH)''' (OH2) (C18H3502). Prepared by heating a mixture of stearic acid and glycerin to 200° in a sealed tube for forty hours. It crystallizes in small white needles, which melt at 61° and resolidify at 60°.

mon -o-stich, s. [Gr. monostichos consisting of only one verse; monos single, and stichos a verse.] A poem consisting of but a single verse.

mo-nos-ti-chous, a. [Pref. mono-, and stichos line verse.]

Bot. Having a single row of flowers, &c., on one side of the axis, as in some species of grasses. mo-nos -tô-ma, s. pl. [Pref. mono-, and Greek stoma the mouth.]

Zool.: A sub-order of Hydrozoa or Hydromeduse, order Discophora or Acalephæ.

mo-nos-tro-phě, s. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. strophe a strophe.]

but one strophe.

Prosody: Written in but one measure; having mon-o-stroph'-Ic, a. [Gr. monostrophos=consisting of a single strain: monos-alone, single, and strophe a turning, a strophe.] Having only one strophe; written in one unvaried measure; not vary ing in measure.

"The dithyramb of Lasus eventually became monostrophic."-Donaldson: Theater of the Greeks, p. 37.

mon -o-style, a. [Gr. monos-alone, single, and stylos a pillar, a style.]

Architecture:

1. A term applied to the pillars of medieval architecture when they consist of a single shaft, in distinction to Polystyle.

2. Applied to a building which is of the same style of architecture throughout. mon-o-syl-lăb ́-Ic, mõn-o-syl-lăb ́-Ic-al, adj. [Pref. mono-, and Eng. syllabic, syllabical.] I. Ordinary Language:

1. Consisting of a single syllable; as, a monosyl

labic word.

2. Consisting of monosyllables; as, monosyllabic

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B. As adj.: Consisting of only one syllable; monOsyllabic. (Cowper: Works, xv. 320.)

boll, boy; pổùt, jowl; cat, çell,

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mon'--syl-la-bled (bled as beld), a. [Eng. monosyllabl(e); -ed.] Reduced to a monosyllable. "Nine taylors, if rightly spell'd, Into one man are monosyllabled." mon-o-sym-mět -ri-cal, a. [Pref. mono-, and Eng. symmetrical.] ̧

Cleveland.

into two exactly equal parts.

Bot.: A term used of flowers which can be divided

mon-o-těs ́-sa-ròn, s. [Gr. monos-alone, single, and tessares-four.] A harmony of the four gospels: a single narrative compiled from a collection of the four gospels.

mon-ở-thăl-a-mạn,s. [MONOTHALAMIA.] One of the Monothalamia (q. v.).

mon-o-tha-la-ml-a, s. pl. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. thalamos an inner room or chamber.]

Zool. A division or sub-order of Foraminifera, embracing those which have only a single chamber. integument. The division is an unnatural one, for The animals consist of sarcode, with a calcareous the Polythalamia, from which the Monothalamia are discriminated, are monothalamous in the early stage of their existence.

mon-o-thǎl'-a-moŭs a. [MONOTHALAMIA.] Zool.: Possessing only a single chamber;_unilocular. Used of the chambered shells of the Foraminifera and the gasteropodous mollusca. mon-o-thǎl-mic, a. [MONTHALAMIA.] Bot. (of fruits): Formed from one pistil. mon-o-the-cal, a. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. theke =a box, a chest, and Eng. suff. -al.]

Bot.: Having only one theca or loculament. mon'-o-the-ism, s. [Prof. monos-alone, single, and Eng. theism (q. v.); Fr. monothéisme.] The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one God. [HENOTHEISM.]

"[The Jews] have continued firm in their abhorrence of idolatry, and in their adherence to pure monotheism under every persecution."-Cogan: Jewish Dispensation, ch. ii., § 7.

chorus,

mon-the-Ist, s. [Pref. mono-, and Eng. theist (q. v.); Fr. monotheiste.] A supporter or advocate of monotheism (q. v.).

"The general propensity to the worship of idols was totally subdued; and they became monotheists in the strictest sense of the term."-Cogan: Jewish Dispensation, ch. ii., § 7.

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cadence.

2. Khet.: A sameness of sound; the utterance of words in one unvaried key, without inflection or mon'-o-tōne, v. t. or i. [MONOTONE, 8.] Music: To recite words on a single note without inflections. [Eng

mon-o-ton'-ic, mon-o-ton'-Ic-al, a. monoton(e); -ic; -ical.] Monotonous. mo-not-o-nist, s. [Eng. monoton(e); -ist.] One who keeps harping upon one subject.

mo-not-o-noŭs, a. [Gr. monotonos consisting of a single sound: monos alone, single, and tonos a tone; Fr. monotone; Ital. & Sp. monotono.] 1. Characterized by or full of monotony or same ness of sound; continued in the same note without inflection or cadence.

"As a voice that chants alone In monotonous undertone." Longfellow: Golden Legend. 2. Tiresome, wearying; destitute of change o variety; as, a monotonous occupation, a monotonous life.

mo-not-o-noŭs-ly, adv. [English monotonous -ly. In a monotonous manner or tone; without change or variety.

fmo-not-o-noŭs-ness, s. [Eng. monotonous; -ness.] The quality or state of being monotonous;

monotony, sameness.

sound: monos alone, single, tonos a tone; French mo-not-ô-ny, s. [Gr. monotonia-sameness of monotonie; Ital. & Sp. monotonia.]

1. The quality or state of being monotonous; uniformity of sound.

"Our earliest poets were fond of multiplying the same final sound to the most tedious monotony."-Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry, i. 21.

2. Unchanging and unvarying sameness; want of variety; irksomeness.

mon -o-the-is-tic, a. [Pref. mono-, and English theistic (q. v.).] Of or pertaining to monotheism to fall, who are fond of harmonious arrangement

(q. v.).

"Not only did Abraham introduce the Aryan monothetstic conception of Jehovah, but in after ages fresh nee sions were constantly received from the original Chale source."-Brit. Quarterly Review, 1873, p. 354.

Mô-noth-el-gm,s. [MONOTHELITISM.] Mo-noth-el-ite, s. [Gr. monos alone, single, and thelesis will.] A supporter of the doctrine of Monothelitism (q. v.).

mo-noth-e-lit-Ic, a. [Eng. monothelit(e); -ic.] Of or pertaining to the Monothelites or Monothe litism.

-ism.]

Mô-noth ́-ě-lit-Işm, s. [English monothelit(e); Church Hist.: The doctrine of the Monothelites, that Christ had but one will in His two natures.

The Greek emperor Heraclius, having consulted Sergius, patriarch of Constantinople, a Syrian, descended from Monophysite parents, as to how that sect could be reconciled to the Church, the prelato save it as his opinion that it might be held, of the Council of Chalcedon, which had condemned without prejudice to the truth or to the authority the Monophysites, that, after the union of the two natures in Christ, there was but one will and one operation of will. In 630 Heraclius issued an edict, requiring the acceptance of this tenet, and for a while he seemed successful; but in 633 Sophronius, a monk of Palestine, opposed Monothelitism at the Council of Alexandria, and the following year, being made Patriarch of Jerusalem, he assembled a council and condemned it. Sergius of Constantinople still maintained his old opinion, and in 639 drew up, in the name of the emperor, an Ecthesis, or formula of faith. The same year Pope John IV., in a council held at Rome, rejected the Ecthesis and condemned the Monothelites. They were again condemned in held 680-681. The Maronites of Lebanon embraced the sixth Ecumenical Council (Constantinople), Monothelitism, but were reconciled to the Church

in 1182.

mo-not-o-ma, s. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. tomē=a cutting.]

Entom.: A genus of Lathridiidae, having the knob of the antennæ (the tenth joint) solid, being of one piece; the body is long.

mo-not-o-mous, a. Gr. monos alone, single, and tome a cutting; temno to cut.] Min.: Having a cleavage distinct only in a single direction.

çhin, bench; go, gem; thin, this;

"Monotony is the great fault into which writers are apt Blair: Lectures, vol. i., lect. 13.

mon-o-trēm'-a-ta, s. pl. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. trema a hole, from tetrainō to bore through, to pierce.]

Zool. An order or sub-class of mammals called by Prof. Huxley Prototheria (q. v.). They have only one aperture for the urinary, genital, and intestinal canals. The nictitating membrane, or third eyelid, is well developed, as are the mammary glands; there are no nipples. Teeth, if present, consisting of four horny plates. There is an outer clavicular bone, and the coracoid bones are extended to the anterior end of the sternum. In vari ous respects they approach birds. They to a certain extent connect mammals with reptiles. Darwin believes that the earliest mammals in some respects resembled Monotremata. It contains two genera, Ornithorhynchus (Duck-mole), and Echidna (Por cupine Ant-eater), both Australian forms.

mon-o-trēm'-a-toŭs, a. [Mod. Lat. monotremat(a); Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Of or pertaining to the Monotremata (q. v.).

mon'-o-trême, s. [MONOTREMATA.] An individual belonging to the Monotremata (q. v.).

triglyph (q. v.).Ï mond triglyph, 8. [Prof. mono-, and Eng.

Arch. The interval observed between the columns of a Doric portico, where a space is left sufficient for the insertion of one triglyph only between those immediately over two contiguous columns.

mo-not-rð-pa, s. [Pref. mono-, and Gr. tropos= a turn. So named from the curved raceme.]

Bot.: The Bird's Nest; the typical genus of the order Monotropaces (q.v.). Flowers campanulate. the upper in four or five, the lower in four divisions; sepals and petals erect, colored, membranous, sacor five celled, eight to ten furrowed capsule, locu..cate at the base; stamens eight to ten; ovary for cidally five-valved. Known species three or four. Found in woods near the roots of firs and beech.

mon-o-tro-på-çe-æ, mon-o-trō'-pě-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. monotrop(a), and Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. aceae or ece.]

The

Bot.: Fir-rapes; an order of Hypogynous Exogens, alliance Ericales. It consists of parasites growing on the roots of firs or other trees. stems are covered with scales instead of true leaves; the flowers are in terminal spikes or racemes; sopals four or five; petals four or five, saccate at the sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph L

monotype

base or cohering into a gamopetalous corolla; stamens eight to ten, some lined with as many recurved glands; ovary round, four or five-furrowed, onecelled with five parietal placenta at the apex. Found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Known genera, six; species, ten. (Lindley.)

mon -o-type, a. & s. [Pref. mono-, and English type (q. v.).]

A. As adj.: Consisting of a single type or representative.

B. As subst.: The sole or only type; espec., a sole species which constitutes a genus, family, &c. mon-o-typ -ic, a. [Eng monotyp(e); -ic.] The same as MONOTYPE, A. (q. v.)

mo-nov-a-lent, s. [Pref. mono-, and Lat. valens (genit. valentis), pa. par. of valeo-to hav strength or power.] (See the compound.)

monovalent-element, s.

Chem.: Monad. Univalent element. A term applied to those elements whose atom-fixing power is equal to that of one atom of hydrogen.

mo-nox'--lon (pl. mỗ-nõx-y-la), 8. [Greek monoxylos made from a single piece of wood; monos alone, single, and xylon=wood.] A boat or canoe made of a single piece of timber." mo-nox-y-lous, a. [MONOXYLON.] Formed of a single piece of timber."

mon-rǎd-ite, s. [Named after Dr. Monrad; suff. ite (Min.).]

Min.: An altered form of Pyroxene (q. v.). Occurs granular, massive. Hardness, 6; specific_gravity, 8267; color, yellowish; luster, vitreous. Formula, (MgO, FeO)SiO2++HO. Found at Bergen, Norway, Mon-rōe', s. [For etym. and def. see compound.] Monroe-doctrine, s.

Hist. A term applied to the declarations made by the United States during the second presidency of James Monroe (1821-1825). The first had John Quincy Adams for its author; it assumed that every spot of the Old World was covered by the flag of some civilized power, and so would be free from American encroachment, and asserted

"That the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power."

The second declaration related to the apprehended attempt of the Holy Alliance (q. v.) to subjugate the Spanish American States which had revolted. In his annual Message of 1823 President Monroe declared that the United States would consider any "attempt of the Allied Powers to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace

and safety."

mon-ro-lite, s. [From Monroe, New York, and Gr. lithos=a stone.]

Min.: A radiated columnar variety of Fibrolite included by Dana in his second variety of that species. Its specific gravity, 3075, is somewhat lower than that of other members of the same mineral. mong, s. [Lat.] A mountain.

*Mons Mænalus, s.

Astron.: A northern constellation introduced by Hevelius. None of the stars are large. It is not now retained.

mons veneris, s.

Anat.: The integument in the fore-part of the female pubic symphysis.

monseigneur (as mon-sen'-yer) (pl. messeigneurs) (mě-sĕn -yẹr), 8. [Fr.=my lord: mon my, and seigneur, lord.] A title of honor given to princes, bishops, and other high dignitaries: spec., the title of the Dauphin.

Mon-sieur (as m'-sieu), pl. Messieurs (as měs -sieu), s. [Fr.]

*1. The title given to the eldest brother of the king of France.

2. The ordinary title of address or courtesy in France, corresponding to the English Mr. or Sir. It is abbreviated in writing to M. or Mons., and in the plural to MM. or Messrs.

3. A term applied in contempt by Englishmen to Frenchmen.

"A Frenchman his companion: An eminent monsieur, that, it seems, much loves A Gallian girl." Shakesp.: Cymbeline, i. 7. mon-so-ni-a, s. [Named after Lady Ann Monson, who assisted Lee in his Introduction to Botany.]

Bot.: A genus of Cape Geraniacon, having five equal sepals, five equal petals, and fifteen stamens in five bundles or in a single one. The stem of Monsonia spinosa burns like a torch, and emits an agreeablo odor.

fate, făt, färe, amidst,

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1. (Pl.): A modification of the trade winds, operative from the Tropic of Cancer to Lat. 7° S., and from the coast of Africa through the Indian Ocean Pacific. There are two monsoons, the Southwestand the Bay of Bengal to Japan and the Western ern and the Northeastern. The latter prevails from October to April, and the former from April to October. The bursting of the monsoon commences the rainy season in India, the southwestern bringing that of Bombay and Central India, and the northeastern that of Madras and other parts of the east coast. [RAINY-SEASON.] The monsoons are caused by the unequal heating of the land and water and of the several land masses themselves in their great use in bringing rain to countries which the regions which they affect. Independently of otherwise would degenerate into deserts, they are useful for navigation. As in the case of the trade winds, navigators can so plan their voyages as to take advantage of the monsoons, though powerful steamships can now achieve the feat of running in the teeth of the monsoon, but not without some discomfort to those on board.

2. Any similar wind blowing half the year in one direction and half in the other.

mon-ster, *mon-stre, s, & a. [Fr. monstre, from Lat. monstrum-a divine omen, a monster, from moneo-to warn, to admonish; Sp. monstro, monstruo; Port. mostre; Ital. mostro.]

A. As substantive:

I. Ordinary Language:

order of nature; a prodigy, a marvel, a portent; a 1. Anything extraordinary or out of the common creature marvelous to see on account of size, form, or shape.

"Swift Scamander roll thee to the deep,

Whose every wave some wat'ry monster brings." Pope: Homer's Iliad xxi. 139. 2. Anything horrible from deformity, ugliness, wickedness, cruelty, or the commission of extraor dinary or horrible crimes; a vile creature. ingratitude."-Dickens: Barnaby Rudge, ch. Ixxix. "We hear the world wonder every day at monsters of 3. A fanciful or chimerical creature, compounded in various ways of human and bestial forms, such as the wyvern, the cockatrice, the mermaid, &c. Many of these creatures are borne on coats of

arms.

istics rarely met with in the species to which it be II. Physiol.: A being presenting some characterlongs; a being having some monstrosity (q. v.). (Used both of animals and plants.)

B. As adj. Of enormous or extraordinary size or numbers. "The monster club within the cave I spied." Pope: Homer's Odyssey ix. 380. *mon -ster, v. t. [MONSTER, 8.] To make monstrous; to put out of the common or ordinary course of nature or things.

"Her offence Must be of such unnatural degree That monsters it.

Shakesp.: Lear, i. 1. mon-ster-a, s. [Name unexplained (Paxton.).] consists of climbing plants from the warmer parts Bot. A genus of Orontiacea, tribo Callow. It of America. Monstera Adansonii or Dracontium pertusum is a caustic. The Indians of Demarara use the fresh leaves M. pertusa as rubefacients and vesicatories in dropsy.

*mon-ster-er, s. [Eng. monster; -er.] An exag.

gerator.

*mon-stĕr-ful, *mon-stre-full, a. [Eng. monster; full.] Wonderful, extraordinary.

"These monstrefull thingis I devise to thee Because thou shuldist nat of them abasshid be." Chaucer (7): Marchantes Second Tale. monstro-to show; 0. Fr. monstrance=demonstramon'-strançe, s. [Low Lat. monstrantia, from tion; O. Sp. & ital. monstranza.]

Roman Ritual: A vessel in which the Host is exposed to the adoration of the people during the Forty Hours' Adoration, or in which it is inclosed for Benediction. Prior to the institution of the feast of Corpus Christi (A. D. 1264), the Host was exposed for adoration in a pyx (q. v.). The chief part of the monstrance is formed by two discs of crystal, set vertically, between which the Host is placed. These discs are surrounded by rays of metal, emblematic of glory, and the whole is

*mon -stri-çide, s. [Lat. monstrum=a monster, and cædo (in comp. cido) to kill.] The slaughter of a monster.

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1. The quality or state of being monstrous or out of the ordinary or common course of nature.

"We desire no records of such enormities; sins should strous. They omit of monstrosity as they fall from their be accounted new, that so they may be esteemed monrarity; for men count it venial to erre with their fore fathers, and foolishly conceive they divide a sin in its society.""-Browne: Vulgar Errors, bk. vii., ch. xix.

2. That which is monstrous; a monster; a monstrous or unnatural production.

"We shall tolerate flying horses, black swans, hydras, centaurs, harpies, and satyrs; for these are monstrocities, rarities, or else poetical fancies."-Browne: Vulgar Errors, bk. v., ch. xix.

II. Animal & Veget. Physiol.: A character appearing in an individual animal or plant, which is very rare in the species to which it belongs. It is abnormal in the sense of being exceptional, but not in the sense of being produced as a mere sport of nature Darwin, "I presume is meant some considerable independent of law. By a monstrosity," says Mr. deviation of structure, generally injurious or not useful to the species.' (Orig. of Spec. (ed. 6th), p. 33.) They arise in man, in the inferior animals, and in plants. Idiocy, hermaphroditism, albinoism, the possession of an unusual number of fingers or toes, more teats than two, two heads, or no head at all, physical union by flesh, cartilage, or bone to any other individual, &c., are cases of human monstrosity. Monstrosities which graduate into slight variations are so similar in man and the lower terms, as has been shown by Isidore Geoffroy-St. animals, that the same classifications and the same Hilaire, can be used for both. (Darwin: Descent of Man, p. 30.) Among some of the many monstros ities of the lower animals may be mentioned that discoidal shells occasionally become spiral, and distorted. (S. P. Woodward: Mollusca (ed. 1875); fossil periwinkles from the Norwich Crag are often p.37.) All cases of monstrosity are to be accounted for by law. In most cases they are caused by arrest of development, in some by reversion to the character of a remote ancestor, in others by hypertrophy of a particular part.

mon-stroŭs, *mon -stru-oùs, a. & adr. [Old Fr. monstrueux, from Lat, monstruosus, monstrosus, from monstrum=a monster (q. v.): Sp. & Port. monstruoso; Ital. mostroso, mostruoso.]

A. As adjective:

1. Unnatural in form or appearance; deviating from the natural order of things.

"We sometimes read and hear of monstrous births." -South: Sermons, vol. ii., ser. 6.

2. Enormous, huge, extraordinary. "The sheriff with a most monstrous watch is at the door."-Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. I., ii. 4.

3. Shocking, horrible, hateful.

"Give your monstrous project all its force." Cowper: Tirocinium, 239.

4. Out of reason; horrible, extravagant. "His slanders were monstrous; but they were well timed."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch, xviii. *5. Containing, or full of monsters.

"Where thou perhaps under the whelming tide Visit'st the bottom of the monstrous world" Milton: Lycidas, 158. *B. As adv.: Enormously, extraordinarily, exceedingly.

"Skill infinite or monstrous desperate." Shakesp.: All's Well that Ends Well, ii., 1 mon-strous-ly, adv. [Eng. monstrous; -ly.]

1. In a monstrous manner; against the common order of nature; unnaturally.

2. Shockingly, unreasonably, enormously, extravagantly.

"The value of that grant was so monstrously exaggerated."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xxv. pine, pit, sire, sir,

mounted on a stand. what, fâll, father; wě, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre;

marîne; gỗ, pot,

monstrousness

mon'-stroŭs-ness, *mon'-strû-oŭs-něsse, s. [Eng. monstrous; -ness.] The quality or state of being monstrous; monstrosity.

"Whose monstrousness doth so perplex,
Of reason and deprives me."

Monstrosity.

Drayton: Muses Elysium, Nymph. 4. *mon-strû-os-I-ty, s. [Eng. monstruous; -ity.] "This is the monstruosity in love, lady, that the will is infinite, and the execution confin'd."-Shakesp.: Troilus and Cressida, iii., 2.

*mon'-strû-oŭs, a. [MONSTROUS.]
mon'-strû-oŭs-ness, s. [MONSTROUSNESS.]
moât, s. [Fr. = mountain.] (See compound.)
mont-de-piété, s.

Banking, &c.: One of the money-lending establishments founded in Italy in the fifteenth century, with the view of lending money to the poor at a smaller rate of interest than was exacted by ordinary pawnbrokers. The institution spread to France, Spain, and some other countries. mon-ta-cu-ta, s. [Named after Col. George Montagu, an early English malacologist.]

Zool. A genus of Conchiferous Mollusks, family Lucinidae. It has a thin minute shell, and a large broad-grooved foot. Recent species three, from Britain, the United States, &c. Fossil two, from the Pliocene onward.

montagnard (as mon-tan-yăr ́), s. [Fr., from montagne a mountain.]

1. Ord. Lang.: A mountaineer.

2. Fr. Hist.: A name given at various times to any member of the extreme democratic party in France. [MOUNTAIN, ¶.]

Mon-tǎn-a, 8. One of the United States of America. Formerly a part of Idaho. Became a territory 1864. Received about 2,000 square miles from Dakota 1873. School age 4-21 years; graded schools in Deer Lodge City, Virginia City, and Helena. School lands reserved for sale when' territory becomes a state valuable and extensive. State admitted to the Union February 22, 1889, at same time as North and South Dakota and Washington. Custer massacre June 25, 1876, 350 men of the Seventh United States Cavalry annihilated by Sioux under Sitting Bull, on the Little Big Horn River. Climate is dry. Rainfall about 12 inches. Warmer than same latitude farther east. Snows heavy in mountains, light in valleys and on plains. Temperature averages summer 62°, winter 18°.

*mon -tāne, a. [Latin montanus, from mons (genit. montis)=a mountain.] Mountainous, hilly. "A single species restricted to elevated montane localities in Tasmania."-Gardener's Chronicle, No. 407 (1881), P. 503.

mon-tăn -lc, a. [Latin nontanus, from mons (genit. montis)=a mountain.] Of or pertaining to mountains; consisting of mountains.

mon -ta-nine, s. [Lat. montan (a), fem. sing. of montanus; Eng. suff. -ine (Chem.).]

Chem.: An alkaloid said by Van Mons to exist in China montana, the bark of Exostemma floribundum. (Watts: Dict. of Chem.)

Mon -tan-Ism, s. [See def.] an inhabitant of a Phrygian village, called Pepuza, Church Hist. The religious system of Montanus, who, about 171 A. D., proclaimed himself the Paraclote or Comforter promised by Jesus [PARACLETE), and professed to utter prophecies. Among others he was supported by two ladies, Prisca, or Priscilla, and Maximilla, who also claimed the gift of prophecy. He multiplied fasts, forbade second marriages, did not permit churches to give absolution to those who had fallen into great sin, forbade all female ornaments, required virgins to be veiled, and would not sanction flight in persecution. He was ultimately expelled from the church. Tertullian, in the year 204, joined the Montanists, but did not forfeit the respect of the church catholic, as the Montanists held the fundamental doctrine of Christianity, and differed from others more in their rigid practice than in their faith. Jerome wrote against the Montanists, who continued till about the sixth

century.

Mon-tan-Ist, 8. [MONTANISM.] Church Hist. A follower of or believer in Montanus or his tenets. The Montanists were called also from the birthplace of their leader Cataphrygians.

Mon-tan-Ist -ic, Mon-tan-ist-ic-al, a. [Eng. montanist; -ic.] Of or pertaining to Montanus or Montanism.

mon-tā -nīte, s. [From State of Montana, where found; suff. -ite (Min.).1.

Min.: A soft, earthy mineral found as an encrustation on tetradymite (q. v.). Luster, dull to waxy; color, yellowish to white. Composition: Telluric acid, 261; oxide of bismuth, 686: water 53=100, yielding the formula, BiO3TeO3+2HO. Found at Highland, Montana.

boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat,

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*mon'-tan-ize, v. i. [MONTANISM.] To follow the teachings of Montanus.

mon -tant, mõn-tăn ́-tō, s. [Fr., from monter to mount.]

*1. Fencing: An upright cut or thrust.

"To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse,

to see thee here, to see thee there, to see thee pass thy punto, thy stock, thy reverse, thy distance, thy mon tant."-Shakesp.: Merry Wives of Windsor, ii, 3.

2. Joinery: The intermediate vertical part of a piece of framing which is tenoned with the rails. mon -tê, s. [Sp.=the stock of cards which remains after each player has received his share; Lat, mons (genit. montis)=a mountain.] A gambling game played with cards or dice. monte-bank, s. A gambling-house where monte is played.

mon-te-bra-şite, s. [From Montebras, France, where found; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: A name given to a mineral, which, on analysis, appeared to have a distinct composition, but subsequent investigation has shown that it is identical with amblygonite (q.v.).

mon-te-fl-as-cō, subst. [See def.] A rich wine made at Montefiascone, in Italy. Mon-teith', *Mon-tĕth', s. [After the inventor.] A vessel for cooling or washing wine-glasses. (Nares.)

"New things produce new words, and thus Monteth Has by one vessel saved his name from death." King: Art of Cookery. juice from the cane-mill is raised to the clarifiers monte-jus, s. [Fr.] A force-pump by which the on the storey above

vailed among the scholars of Eton College, Engmon -těm, s. [See def.] A custom which preland, up to 1847, and which consisted in their going in procession on Whit-Tuesday of every third year to a mound (Lat. ad montem), near the Bath Road, and exacting a gratuity from all present or passing by. The amount collected was given to the captain or senior scholar, and was intended to help to defray the expenses of his residence at the University.

Mon-tě-pul-cia-no (ci as ch), s. [See def.] A celebrated wine made from grapes grown near Montepulciano, in Tuscany.

mon-tê -rō, s. [Sp. montera, from montero a huntsman, from monte a mountain.] A kind of cap, properly spherical crown, and a flan a huntsman's cap, having a which could be drawn down

over the ears.

Montero.

"His hat was like a helmet, or Spanish montero."— Bacon. mon-tě-zû ́-mą, s. [Named by Mocino and Sesse, two Mexican botanists, after Montezuma, a sovereign of Mexico.]

Bot.: A genus of Sterculiaceae, tribe Bombacacæ. tree, with red flowers, growing in Mexico. Montezuma speciosissima is a large ornamental

mont-gol-fi-er (or fler as fya), s. [See def.] A balloon filled with atmospheric air heated, so called from the name of the inventors, the brothers Montgolfier, of Annonay, where the first experiment was made in June, 1783.

Montgolfier's-ram, s. An hydraulic ram, by which the fall of a column of water is caused to raise a portion of itself to a height greater than that of its source.

month, *moneth, s. [A. S. mónath, móndh, from móna-the moon; Ger. monat; O. H. Ger. máno; Dut. maand; Sw. manad; Dan. maaned; Goth. menoths, from mona=the moon; Fr. mois; Prov. mes; Ital. mese; Lat. mensis: Gr. men, from mene the moon; Lith. menesis; Pers. mûh; Sansc. mâs, masas, from ma-to measure.]

1. Astronomy:

(1) Properly the time in which the moon makes one complete revolution round the earth, or appears to return to precisely the same point in the heavens from which it started. This may be from change to change, from full moon to full moon, or in an revolution now described is properly 29 days, 12 indefinite number of other ways. The time of the hours, 44 minutes, and 3 seconds. Twelve periods, called lunar months, fall short of a year by about 11 days. Lunar months were used by the ancient Jews, as they still are by their modern successors and by the Mohammedans.

(2) A solar month; the period required for the passage of the sun through one of the signs of the zodiac. Twelve of these periods constitute a year. 2. Calendar: Any one of the calendar months, called also usual, natural, civil, or political, though çell, chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this;

montigenous

the first is by far the most common term. As an aid to memory with respect to the number of days in each month, the following rude rhymes have been employed at least from A. D. 1606.

"Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November,
All the rest have thirty-one,

But February twenty-eight alone,
Except in leap year once in four,

When February has one day more."

3. Law: Formerly the word month in a statute meant a lunar month, but it was made to signify calendar months unless otherwise expressly desig nated.

4. Comm.: A calendar month. ¶ (1) Anomalistic month:

Astron., &c. The time taken by the moon in passing from one perigee to the next, viz., 27 days,

13 hours, 18 minutes, and 37'4 seconds.

(2) Nodical month:

Astron., &c.: The time taken by the moon in revolving from one node to the same node again, viz., 27 days, 5 hours, 5 minutes, and 36 seconds. (3) Sacred month: (Sec extract).

"Among the other expedients that had been sug gested in this convention of Chartist Delegates held in London in August, 1838], was that of observing what was throughout the whole kingdom were to abstain from called a sacred month, during which the working classes every kind of labor, in the hope of compelling the gov erning classes to concede the Charter."-Molesworth: Hist. Eng., ii. 281.

(4) Sidereal month:

Astron., &c.: The time taken by the moon in 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.5 seconds. passing from one star to the same star again, viz.,

(5) Synodical, or proper lunar month: [MONTH, 1.] (6) Tropical or periodic month:

Astron., &c.: The time taken by the moon in passing from any point of the ecliptic to the same point again, viz., 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 47 seconds.

*month's-mind, s.

1. A commemoration of a person's memory one month after his decease.

2. An earnest longing desire; probably from the longing of a woman in pregnancy, usually commencing in the first month of gestation.

month-ling, s. [Eng. month; suff. -ling.] That which is a month old; that which lasts for a month. month-ly, a., adv. & s. [Eng. month; -ly.] A. As adjective:

1. Performed in a month; continuing for a month. 2. Done or occurring every month, or once a month.

B. As adverb:

1. Once a month; in every month.

"The moon that monthly changes."

Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, ii. 2. 2. As if under the influence of the moon; like a lunatic.

published every month. C. As subst.: A magazine or other periodical

"The ordinary monthly' is more and more drawing our popular writers of fiction to itself."-London Daily Telegraph.

monthly-nurse, s. A midwife.

mon-ti-a, s. [Named after Joseph de Monti, professor of botany and natural history at Bologna, in the early part of the seventeenth century.]

Bot.: Blinks; a genus of Portulacaces. Flowers, cymose, white; corolla, of five irregular petals, united at the base. Stamens, three; stigmas, three, nearly sessile; capsule, three-valved, three-celled. Montia fontana is the Water Blinks or Water Chickweed. It has small, opposite, spathulate. leaves, and is found in mills, springs, and wet places.

Italian mineralogist, Monticelli; suff. -ite (Min.).] mon-ti-cell-ite (c as çh), s. [Named after the

Min.: An orthorhombic mineral, isomorphous with olivine (q. v.). Hardness, 5-55; specific gravity, 303-325; luster, vitreous, colorless, and vari ous shades of gray; transparent to translucent; fracture, conchoidal. Composition: Silica, 33.5; lime, 359; magnesia. 25'6 100, corresponding to the formula (CaO+ MgO) SiO2. Found in crystals, with granular calcite in the agglomerates of Monte Somma. Vesuvius.

mon'-ti-cle, *mon-ti-cule, s. [Lat. monticulus, dimin. of mons (genit. montis)=a mountain.] A little mount, a hillock.

mon-tic-u-late, *mon-tic-u-lous, a. [English monticul(e); -ate, -ous.] Having little projections

or hills.

mon-tig'-en-ous, a. [Lat. mons (genit. montis) a mountain, and gigno, pa. t. genui-to beget.] Produced on a mountain.

sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

montineæ

mon-tin'-ě-æ, 8. pl. [Mod. Lat. montin(ia); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ec.]

Bot.: A tribe of Onagrace. mon-tin -I-a, s. [Named after Lawrence Montin, a Spanish botanist.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the tribe Montinere (q. v.). Only one species is known, a dioecious Cape shrub.

mon-tip-õr-a, s. [Lat. mons (genit. montis)= a mountain, and porus passage.]

Zool. The typical genus of the sub-family Monteporinæ (q. v.).

mon-ti-por-i-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Latin montipor(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido.]

Zool. A sub-family of Madrepores, family Poriti dæ. They have a spongy tissue between the corallites.

mont-li-văl-ti-a, subst. [From a proper name Montlivault. (Agassiz.)],

Palæont.: A genus of fossil corals, family Astræidæ, sub-family Astreinæ. The polypidom is simple, of a sub-conical or pyriform figure, wrinkled below. Range from the Trias to the Tertiary. mont-mart-rite, s. [From Montmartre, Paris, where found; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: A variety of Gypsum or Selenite (q. v.), occurring mostly in arrowhead-shaped twin crys tals, which contain some carbonate of lime. Found in the gypseous beds of the Paris Basin.

mont-mo-rill-on-ite, s. [From Montmorillon, France, where found; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min. A soft, clay-like mineral. Luster, feeble; color, white, grayish, rose-red, bluish, green; unct uous. Composition: Essentially a hydrated silicate of alumina.

*mon-toir' (o1 as wâ), s. [Fr.] A horse-block; a stone or step used to help in mounting a horse. mon'-ton, s. [Sp.]

Min.: A heap of ore; a batch under process of amalgamation, varying in quantity in different mining districts.

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*mon-ture, s. [Fr. a saddle-horse, a mounting, from monter=to mount.] 1. A saddle-horse.

2. A setting, mounting frame, &c. mon'-u-měnt, *mon-i-ment, s. [Fr. monument, from Lat. monumentum, from moneo-to remind, to admonish; Ital. & Sp. monumento.]

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mon-zō'-nite, 8. [From Mount Monzoni, in the
Tyrol, where found; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: Alight, grayish-green compact mineral, re-
sembling hornstone. Hardness, 6; specific gravity,
3; translucent, in thin fragments; fracture, splint-
ery. Composition: Silica, 52:60; alumina, 17:10;
protoxide of iron, 90; magnesia, 2:10; lime, 965;
soda, 6'60; potash, 190; water, 150=100*45.
like a cow; to low.
moô, v. i. [From the sound.] To make a noise

"Hear the pretty sweet cows a-mooing."—Mrs. Trollope:
Michael Armstrong, ch. xxiv.

moô, s. [Moo, v.] The noise of a cow; a lowing.
moo-cow, s. A child's name for a cow.

"The moo-cow low'd, and Grizzle neigh'd."
Combe: Dr. Syntax, I. i. 16.
moôd (1), *mode, *moode, 8. [A. S. mód = mind,
feeling, heart; cogn, with Dut. moed courage,
heart, spirit; Icel. módhr=wrath, moodiness; Dan.
& Sw. mod-courage, mettle; Goth. mods=wrath;
Ger. muth courage.]
*1. Mina, temper, anger, wrath; heat of temper.
"At the last aslaked was his mood."
Chaucer: C. T., 1,762.
2. Temper of mind; state of mind as affected by
any passion or feeling; disposition, humor.

"The mob was not in a mood to make nice distinctions."

-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. x.

moon-face

(which is 7,918 miles) being nearly four times as great. Its superficial extent is about a thirteenth part of the earth's surface; its bulk is that of the earth, but as the earth is relatively heavier, its weight is about eighty times that of the moon. As the moon revolves around the earth it manifests phases. After absence for a few nights it reappears as a delicate crescent of white light in the western sky after sunset. Night after night it moves farther to the east, the illuminated porbecomes full and rises about sunset. When the tion of its disc continually increasing till the moon light of the moon has again so diminished that it is in its last quarter, it is seen high in the heavens in the morning. When it becomes full, the sun and the earth are so nearly in a straight line that the moon narrowly escapes being eclipsed; when new moon is again reached, the sun is nearly undergoing similar obscuration. [ECLIPSE.] The moon shines only by the light of the sun reflected from its surface. To equal the brilliance of the sun 600,000 full moons would be required. The moon appears at all times nearly of the same size, showing that its orbit cannot be far from circular. Its average distance is 240,000 miles, varying at times between 220.000 and 260,000, but the ordinary fluctuations do not exceed 13.000 miles on either side of the mean value. The moon performs a complete revolution around the earth in 27 days, 7 hrs., 43 min., and 11:461 secs. This is called its sidereal period. The lunar month is longer than the sidereal period by 2 days, 5 hrs.,

3. A morbid, moody state of mind, as a fit of bad 5141 secs., because of the advance of the earth in temper or passion; sullenness, moroseness, &c.

"His moods

Of pain were keen as those of better men,
Nay, keener." Wordsworth Excursion, bk. ii.
moôd (2), *mode, *moode, s. [MODE.]

I. Ord. Lang.: A manner, a mode, a fashion.
II. Technically:

1. Gram.: The designation, by the form of the
verb, of the manner of our conception of an event
or fact, whether as certain, contingent, possible,
desirable, &c. There are five moods in the English
verb, the indicative, the imperative, the potential,
the subjunctive, and the infinitive.

2. Logic: The form of an argument; the regular determination of propositions according to their quantity, as universal or particular, or their quality, as affirmative or negative.

"A moode is a lawful placing of propositions, in their dewe qualitie or quantitie."-Wilson: The Arte of Logike, fo. 26.

3. Music: [MODE.]

Mood of a categorical syllogism:
Logic: The designation of its three propositions
in the order in which they stand according to their
quantity and quality.

moody manner; sullenly, peevishly, sadly.
mood-1-1y, adv. [English moody; -ly.] In a

the orbit between two successive conjunctions of the moon. As the moon revolves on its own axis nearly in the same time as it completes its orbit round the earth, it presents to us at all times nearly the same side of its surface. No clouds appear on it; apparently there is no water to send them forth nor an atmosphere in which they may float. The whole surface is studded with volcanoes, apparently extinct. Their craters are broad, beyond anything existent on the earth. Tycho is 50 miles across, so is Aristotle, Theophilus is 64, and Petavius 78. Some are 16,000 or 17,000 feet deep. From the absence of an atmosphere the moon must be uninhabitable by any life analogous to that with which we are acquainted.

2. A satellite of any planet.

"Jupiter is attended by four moons or satellites"Brewster: More Worlds, ch. ii.

3. A month; the period of a revolution of the moon round the earth. "Thirteen moons saw smoothly run The Nen's barge-laden wave."

Cowper: Bill of Mortality, 1787.

crescent; specif., in fortification, a crescent-shaped 4. Anything resembling the moon in shape: a outwork; a half moon.

¶ (1) A blue-moon: An expression equivalent to the Greek kalends, never.

(2) In the moon; beyond the moon: Beyond reach;

1. Anything by which the memory of persons or quality or state of being moody; sullenness, pee- extravagantly; out of depth.

things is preserved; a memorial.

"In vain their bones unburied lie,

All earth becomes their monument."
Byron: Elegiac Stanzas.

2. Something built or erected in memory of some event, person, or action; especially a memorial erected over a grave.

"Let their fathers lie without a monument."
Shakesp.: Cymbeline, iv. 2.

3. A tomb, a grave, a family vault.
"On your family's old monument
Hang mournful epitaphs, and do all rites."
Shakesp.: Much Ado about Nothing, iv. 1.

4. An enduring evidence or example; a notable instance.

"The monuments of human strength."
Cowper: Poetical Epistle.

mon-u-měn-tal, a. & s. [Eng. monument; -al.]
A. As adjective:

1. Of or pertaining to a monument or memorial;

as, a monumental inscription.

2. Serving as a monument or memorial.

3. Of or pertaining to a tomb.

"By plate of monumental brass."

Wordsworth: White Doe of Rylstone, vii.

4. Having the character or appearance of a monu ment.

"Shadows brown that Sylvan loves
Of pine or monumental oak."
Milton: Il Penseroso, 135.

*B. As subst.: A monument.

"When raised Messalla's monumentals must Lie with Sicinus' lofty tomb in dust." Cotton: Martial, viii. 3. Monumental assurance: Preposterous assumption of powers that one lacks. mon-u-měn'-tal-ly, adverb. [English monumental; -ly.]

1. By way of a monument or memorial. 2. By means of monuments.

fate, fat, färe, amidst, what,

fall,

moôd -1-ness, s. [English moody; -ness.] The vishness, moroseness.

moô -dîr, s. [MUDIR.]

(3) Moon in distance:

Naut.: A phrase denoting that the angle between the moon and the sun, or a star, admits of measure

moô dĩ rỉ -êu, s. [Turk.] The district under ment for lunar observation. the jurisdiction of a moodir.

*moôd -ish, a. [English mood (1); -ish.] Sulky, moody.

*mood -Ish-ly, adv. [Eng. moodish; -ly.] Sulk ily, moodily.

1. 166.

“To behave moodishly.”—Richardson: Sir C. Grandison,
mood -y, a. [A. S. módig, from mód=mood.]

be. It at first did not imply that the moody person
1. Pertaining to one's mood, whatever that may
was sullen.

2. Indulging in or subject to moods or humors.
*3. Suited to a particular mood or humor.
"Give me some music; music, moody food
Of us that trade in love."

Shakesp.: Antony and Cleopatra, ii. 5.

4. Peevish, discontented, sullen; out of temper.
"As soon moved to be moody, and as soon moody to be
moved."-Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, iii. 1.

5. Melancholy, sad, solitary.

"Cleave not so fondly to your moody cell." Wordsworth: Excursion, bk. iv. Mad with anger or passion. (Shakesp.: Henry VI., Pt. I., iv. 2.)

*moody-mad, a.

moôl-ah, moôl-lah, s. [MOLLAH.] moôlş, môulş, s. [A form of mold (1), s.] earth, the soil, the grave.

The

"That head let it rest, it is now in the mools." Tannahill: Rab Roryson's Bonnet. moôn, *mone, *moone, s. [A. S. mond; cogn. with Dan. maane; Sw. måne; Dut. maan, O. H. Ger. mano; Ger. mond; Goth. mena; Gr. mene.] [MONTH.]

1. Astron. The single satellite attendant on the earth. Its diameter is 2,160 miles, that of the earth

[blocks in formation]

father; wē, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, plt, sïre, sir,

marîne; gō, põt

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