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moderately

mod'-or-ate-ly, adv. [Eng. moderate; ly.] In a moderate manner, degree, extent, or amount; not excessively.

"Therefore, love moderately: long love doth so." Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, ii. 1. mod -ĕr-ate-ness, s. [English moderate; -ness.] The quality or state of being moderate; moderation, temperateness; a middle state between ex tremes.

mod-er-a'-tion, s. [French, from Lat. moderationem, accus. of moderatio, from moderatus, pa. par. of moderor to moderate (q. v.); Ital. modera zione; Sp. moderacion.]

1. The act of moderating, tempering, restraining, or repressing.

2. The quality or state of being moderate; a medium state between extremes; freedom from excess; temperateness, temperance, self-restraint. "Let your moderation be known unto all men."-Philip pians iv. 5. *3. Equanimity, calmness of mind.

"Equally inured

By moderation either state to bear,

Prosperous or adverse."-Milton: P. L., xi. 363.

4. Frugality, economy.

5. The act of presiding over, as a moderator. 6. (Pl.) At Oxford University: The first public examination for degrees. (Generally contracted to Mods.)

Moderation in a call: The act of moderating in a call. [MODERATE, v. ¶]

mŏd'-er-at-işm, s. [Eng. moderat(e); -ism.] 1. Ord. Lang.: Moderation in opinions or doctrines.

2. Eccles. The principles of the party in the Church of Scotland known as Moderates. mŏ-dě-ra'-tō, adv. [Ital.]

Music: In moderate time; neither too quickly nor too slowly.

mod -ĕr-a-tõr, s.

[Lat., from moderatus, pa. par. of moderor to moderate (q. v.).]

I. Ordinary Language:

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"Alas! that were no modern consequence."
Ben Jonson: Poetaster, v. 3.
B. As substantive: A person of modern times, as
opposed to ancient.

"Shall he among the ancients rise to fame,
Or sink with moderns to contempt and shame?"
Francis: Horace, bk. ii., ep. L
mod -ern-işm, s. [Eng. modern; -ism.]

1. Deviation from the ancient and classical man-
duced; espec., a modern phrase, idiom, or mode of
ner or practice; anything recently made or intro
expression.

with abominable curtailings and quaint modernisms."
"Scribblers send us over their trash in prose and verse,
Swift: The Battle of the Books.

*2. Modern character; modern method or way of
thinking or regarding matters.

mod ́-ĕrn-ist, 8. [Eng. modern; -ist.] A sup
porter or admirer of modern ways or fashions.
"Which even his brother modernists themselves, like
ungrates, do whisper so loud."-Swift: Tale of a Tub, § 9.
†mô-dern-1-tỷ, subst. [Eng. modern; -ity.] The
quality or state of being modern; modern charac
ter. (Walpole: Letters, iv.297.)

mod-ern-i-ză-tion, s. [English moderniz(e);
-ation.] The act of modernizing; that which is
modernized; a modernism.

make modern; to give a modern cast, character, or
mod -ern-ize, v. t. [English modern; -ize.] To
appearance to; to conform to modern style, ideas,
fashions, or ways; to adapt to modern persons or
times.
"A jumble
with Latin words modernized."—
Cambridge: The Scribleriad, bk. ii.
mod-ern-iz-er, subst. [Eng. moderniz (e); -er.]
One who modernizes.

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"No unsuccessful modernizer of the Latin satirists."—

1. One who or that which moderates, calms, re- Wakefield: Memoirs, p. 75. strains, or represses. *2. A judge.

"Let Moses be the moderator and judge of this dispute."-Raleigh: Hist. World, bk. i., ch. x., § 2.

3. One who presides at a meeting or disputation; specif., the presiding officer at meetings or courts of the Presbyterian Church.

"The President, whom all addressed by his venerable title of moderator,"-Brit. Quar. Review, 1857, p. 443.

This sense was borrowed from the French Huguenots.

4. A moderator-lamp (q. v.).

II. Technically:

1. Optics: A device, known as Rainey's, consist ing of an opal glass or ground glass to moderate and diffuse the light passing from a lamp to an object on the stand of the microscope.

2. Universities:

(1) At Oxford: An examiner for moderations (q. v.).

(2) At Cambridge: A public officer appointed to superintend the examinations for degrees and honors; so called because formerly they presided in the exercises publicly prescribed in the schoc's between undergraduate candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

(3) At Dublin: The candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts who pass out first and second in honors, the first being called the Senior and the second the Junior moderator.

3. Presbyterianism: One who moderates in a call. [MODERATE, v. ¶]

moderator-lamp, s. A lamp for burning oil, paraffine, &c., in which the oil is forced through a tube up to the wick by a piston pressing on its surface, to which a downward impulse is communicated by a spiral spring situated between it and the top of the barrel or body of the lamp. The flow of the oil is moderated, or made uniform, by an arrangement inside the tube.

mod-ĕr-a-tor-ship, s. [Eng. moderator; -ship.] The office, position, or rank of a moderator."

mod-er-a-tress, mod-er-a-trix, s. [English moderator; -ess; Lat. moderatrix.] A woman who moderates or governs.

"The debate was closed, and referred to Mrs. Shirley as moderatria."-Richardson: Sir C. Grandison, vi. 387.

modern, a. & s. [Fr. moderne, from Lat. modernus of the present mode or fashion, modern; from modus a measure; cf. modo just now; Ital. & Sp. moderno.]

A. As adjective:

1. Belonging or pertaining to the present time or time not long passed; late, recent, not ancient; not remote in point of time.

"For faults which modern times not strange have
thought."
Stirling: Domesday; Sixth Hour.

fate, făt, färe,

modern-ly, adv. [English modern; -ly.] In modern times.

mod -ern-ness, s. [Eng. modern; -ness.] The quality or state of being modern; recentness, novelty.

mod-ěst, a. [Fr. modeste, from Lat. modestus-
keeping within bounds, modest, from modus a
measure; Ital. & Sp. modesto.]

by a sense of propriety; not forward or boastful;
1. Not presumptuous, bold, or arrogant; restrained
unobtrusive, diffident, bashful, retiring.

"Is she not a modest young lady?"
Shakesp.: Much Ado about Nothing, i. 1.

2. Indicative of or characterized by modesty in
the author or actor; not marked by presumption or
boldness; not extreme; moderate.
"Further to boast were neither true nor modest."
Shakesp.: Cymbeline, v. 5.
3. Free from indecency or lewdness; marked by
chastity; chaste, decent.
"Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest wife, the
virtuous creature."-Shakesp.: Merry Wives of Windsor,
iv. 2.

4. Moderate in amount; not excessive; medium.
Diffidence is much the same as shyness, and
both arise from timidity. Modesty, apart from its
special application to women, may arise from a
proper respect for the rights of others or from a
proud reserve.

*mod -ěst-less, a. [Eng. modest; -less.] Want-
ing in modesty.

"How faithless and how modestless."
Sylvester: First Day, First Week, 410.
mod -ěst-ly, adv. [Eng. modest; -ly.]
1. In a modest manner; not boldly, arrogantly, or
obtrusively; with due respect.

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"Know then, and modestly let fall your eyes.'
Cowper: Conversation, i. 485.
2. Quietly; without show or ostentation.
"These like a deluge with impetuous force,
Those winding modestly a silent course."
Cowper: Retirement, 78.
3. Not excessively or extravagantly; moderately.
4. Not loosely or wantonly; chastely, decently;
with modest, becoming words.

"She modestly prepares to let them know."
Shakesp.: Rape of Lucrece, 1,607.
Lat. modestia, from modestus-modest; Ital. & Sp.
mod -ěs-ty, *mod-es-tie, s. [Fr. modestie, from
modestia.]

1. The quality or state of being modest; a sense of propriety; freedom from arrogance, boldness, or presumption; unobtrusiveness, bashfulness, diffidence; bashful reserve.

modillion

2. Moderation; freedom from excess, extravagance, or exaggeration.

3. Chastity; purity of manners; decency; freedom from lewdness or unchastity.

"Her sad eyes, still fast'ned on the ground,

Are governed with goodly modesty." Spenser: Epithalamion. *modesty-bit, 8. The same as MODESTY-PIECE (q. v.).

*modesty-piece, s. A part of a woman's dress

(q. v.).

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moderate, from modus measure.] A small portion
mod-I-cum, 8. [Lat. neut. sing. of modicus=
tance.
or quantity; a little; a scanty allowance; a pit
"But this is sure-the hand of might ...
Gives him a modicum of light."
Cowper: The Glowworm.

mod-I-fi-a-bil-1-ty, s. [Eng. modifiable; ity.] The quality or state of being modifiable; suscepti bility or capability of modification.

"Plasticity of thought, and modifiability of opinion."Grant Allen: Fortnightly Review, Jan., 1882, p. 85.

ble of being modified or diversified by various forms mod -I-fi-a-ble, a. [Eng. modify; -able.] Capaand differences; susceptible of or liable to modification.

"It appears to me more difficult to conceive a distinct, visible image in the uniform, invariable essence of God, than in variously modifiable matter."-Locke: Eram. of Malebranche.

mod-I-fic-a-bil'-I-ty, s. [English modificable; ity.] Modifiability; capability of being modified. mod -I-fic-a-ble, a. [MODIFICATE.] Capable of being modified; modifiable.

*mod -if-i-cāte, v. t. [Lat. modificatus, pa. par. of modifico to modify, to qualify, from modus= measure, and facio-to make.] To qualify. "The modificated eternity of his mediatorship."-Pearson: On the Creed, art. 6.

mod-I-fi-ca-tion, s. [Fr., from Lat. modifica tionem, acc. of modificatio, from modificatus, pa. par. of modifico to modify, to qualify: modus= measure, and facio to make; Sp. modificacion; Ital. modificazione.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. The act of modifying or of giving a new form, appearance, or character to; the state of being modified; change, alteration. modifications into anything. 2. A change; an alteration made; as, to introduce 3. A particular form or manner of being; a mode. "Neither matter, nor any modification of matter."Clarke: Lett. to Mr. Dodswell.

II. Scots Law: A decree of the teind court award. ing a suitable stipend to the minister of a parish.

mod -I-fi-cat-ive, s. [Eng. modificat(e); -ive.] That which modifies, or tends to modify or qualify. -Fuller: Worthies; England, vol. i., ch. xxi. "The aforesaid modificatives [almost and very nigh],"

mod -I-fl-cat-or-, a. [Eng, modificat(e); -ory.] Modifying or tending to modify or qualify. "We are bound to account for the modificatory letters." Max Müller: Selected Essays, L. 91.

mod -I-fi-er, s. [Eng. modify; -er.] One who or that which modifies.

"Sovereign maker and modifier of the universe."Hume: Nat. Hist. of Religion, § 7.

mod -I-fy, *mod-i-fie, v. t. & i. [Fr. modifier, from Lat. modifico, from modus measure, and facio to make; Sp. modificar; Ital. modificare.] A. Transitive:

1. To change or alter the external qualities or accidents of any thing; to vary, to alter; to give a new form, character, force, or appearance to.

2. To qualify, to moderate; to reduce in degree or quality.

"The modified submission which they had consented to make."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. viii.

B. Intrans.: To extenuate, to qualify.

ter."-L Estrange.
"After all this discanting and modifying upon the mat

mo-dil-lion (li as y), *mo-diglion (diglion as dil-yun), *mo-dil-lon, s. [Fr. modillon, from Lat. modulus, dimin. of modus=a measure; Ital. modiglione.]

Architecture:

1. An ornamental console beneath the corona in some orders.

"True modesty proceeds from a just discernment of
propriety, and is frequently connected with exalted ideas
of genuine merit."-Cogan: Ethical Treatise, dis. i., ch. iv.
amidst, what, fâll, father; we, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sïre, sir,

marîne; gō, pot,

modiola

2. One of the large flowers in a soffit or coved ceiling.

"Architrave, frieze, cornice, triglyphs, metopes, modiglions, and the rest, have each a use, or appearance of use, in giving firmness and union to the building."-G. Berkeley: Alciphron, Dial. iii., § 9.

mo-di-đ-lạ, a. [Mod. Lat., from Lat. modiolus, dimin. of modius=the Roman corn measure, a peck.] 1. Bot.: A genus of Malvaceae, tribe Malve.

2. Zool.: Horse-mussel; a genus of Mytilidae; it is distinguished from the edible mussel by its habit of burrowing. It is found from low water to a depth of 100 fathoms. The shell is oblong and inflated, but the umbones are not situated at the extremities, as they are in Mytilus (q. v.). Seventy species are known, from tropical seas.

3. Palæont.: One hundred and fifty fossil species mŏ-dî -ð-lạr, a. [Lat. modiolus; Eng. adj. suff. -ar.] Shaped like a bushel measure.

have been described from the Lias onward.

mo-di-ŏl ́-I-form, a. [Lat. modiolus (q. v.), and forma form.]

Bot.: Shaped like the nave of a wheel; hollow, round, depressed, with a very narrow orifice, as the fruit of Gualtheria. Called also nave-shaped.

mo-di-ŏl-õp'-sis, s. [Mod. Lat. modiol(a), and Gr. opsis outward appearance, look.]

Paleont.: A Silurian genus of Mytilida (q. v.). Shell inequivalve, very inequilateral, the beaks anterior, the surface smooth, or marked by fine concentric lines of growth. The shell is thin; the posterior end considerably broader than the anterior. Hinge edentulous; a ligamental groove, beginning in front of the beak, extends to the posterior extremity.

mo-di-o-lus, s. [Latin, dimin. of modius=a measure.]

Anat.: The central column or axis around which

the cochlea of the ear winds.

mōd -Ish, a. [Eng. mode (1); -ish.] In accordance with the mode or fashion; fashionable.

mōd -ish-ly, adv. [English modish; -ly.] In a modish or fashionable manner.

"Young children should not be much perplexed about putting off their hats, and making legs modishly."— Locke: On Education.

mōd'-Ish-něss, s. [Eng. modish; -ness.] The quality or state of being modish; affectation of the mode or fashion.

mod -Ist, subst. [Eng. mod(e) (1); -ist.] A follower of the mode or fashion.

mo-diste, s. [Fr.] A woman who makes and deals in articles of ladies' dress; a milliner, a dress

maker.

mo-di-ús, s. [Lat.]

Rom. Antiq.: A dry measure, containing onethird of the amphora, or nearly two English gallons. mod -u-lar, a. [Eng. modul(e); -ar.] Pertain ing to modulation, or to a module or modulus.

modular-proportion, s.

Arch.: That which is regulated by a module. modular-ratio, s.

Math.: A term applied to that ratio or number whose logarithm is called the modulus (q. v.). This

ratio is that of 1 to 0367879441171, &c.

mod -u-lāte, v. t. [Lat. modulatus, pa. par. of modulor to measure according to a standard; modulus a standard, dimin. of modus a measure; Fr. moduler; Sp. modular; Ital. modulare.] A. Transitive:

I. Ordinary Language:

1. To proportion, to adjust, to adapt, as to a standard.

2. To regulate.

"May the nightly power Which whispers on my slumbers, cease to breathe Her modulating impulse through my soul." Thompson: Sickness, v. 3. To vary or inflect the sound of, so as to give expression to that which is uttered; to vary in tone. "In all vocal music [the tongue] helpeth the windpipe to modulate the sounds."-Grew: Cosmo. Sacra, bk. i., ch. ▼., § 16.

II. Music: To change the key of; to transpose from one key to another.

B. Intransitive:

Music: To pass from one key to another, or from the major into the minor mode.

mod-u-la-tion, s. [Fr., from Lat. modulationem, accus. of modulatio, from modulatus, pa. par. of modulor=to measure, to modulate (q. v.); Sp. modulacion; Ital. modulazione.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. The act or process of modulating, adjusting, or adapting.

"The poets of Elizabeth had attained an art of modulation which was afterward neglected and forgotten."Johnson Lives of the Poets; Waller.

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2. The act of varying or inflecting the sound of, so
as to give expression to what is uttered.

"For the various modulations of the voice, the upper
end of the wind-pipe is endued with several cartilages
and muscles."-Ray On the Creation, pt. ii.
*3. Modulated sound; melody.
"Innumerous songsters, in the freshening shade
Of new-sprung leaves, their modulations mix,
Mellifluous."
Thomson: Spring, 609.

II. Technically:

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moha

2. Music:
(1) A scale, as Dorian mode, &c.

(2) One of the three divisions of mensurable music. Modus major was the division of a maxim (notula maxima) into longs; modus minor the di vision of a long into breves. The modus major was perfect when the maxim contained three longs, imperfect when it contained two. The modus minor was perfect when the long contained three breves imperfect when it contained two.

modus operandi, phr. The plan or method of

1. Arch. The proportion of the different parts of working or operating.
an order according to modules.
2. Music:

(1) Movement or graduation of sound.
(2) A change of key.

Chromatic, and (3) Enharmonic. The first of these
Modulation is of three kinds: (1) Diatonic, (2)
is sometimes called natural; the last two, artificial.
mod -u-la-tor, s. [Latin, from modulatus, pa.
par. of modulor to modulate (q. v.); Fr. modula-
teur; Ital. modulatore.]

1. Ord. Lang.: One who or that which modulates.
2. Music: In the tonic sol-fa system, a sort of
map of musical sounds representing the relative
intervals of the notes of a scale, its chromatics, and
its more closely related scales.

module, s. [Fr., from Latin modulus a standard; dimin. of modus a measure.]

*I. Ordinary Language:

1. A little measure; a small quantity. 2. A model, a pattern, a mold, a counterfeit. "Shall we have this dialogue between the fool and the soldier? Come, bring forth this counterfeit module."— Shakesp.: All's Well that Ends Well, iv. 3.

II. Arch. A measure of proportion by which the parts of an order or of a building are regulated in classical architecture; considered generally as the diameter or semi-diameter of the lower end of the shaft of the column; in other words, semi-diameter of the column, or thirty minutes.

*mŏd'-ule, v. t. [Fr. moduler.] [MODULE, 8.] 1. To model, to shape.

"O would I could my father's cunning use! And souls into well moduled clay infuse." Sandys: Ovid; Metamorphoses, i. 2. To modulate, to regulate, to adapt, to adjust. "That charmer of the night

That moduleth her tunes so admirably rare." Drayton: Polyolbion, s. 13. *mod -u-lět, s. [A dimin. from module (q. v.).] A little model or pattern.

"The little world's admired modulet." Sylvester: Seventh Day, First Week, 747. *mod -u-līze, v. t. [Eng. model; -ize.] To model. "To his inward sight did modulize His Tabernacle's admirable form." Sylvester: The Law, 1,115. mod -u-lus, s. [Lat., dimin. of modus a measure.]

Math. & Physics: A term denoting some constant multiplier, coefficient, or parameter involved in a given function of a variable quantity, by means of which the function is accommodated to a particular system or base.

(1) Modulus of a system of logarithms: A number by which all the logarithms in one system of notation must be multiplied to adapt them to the same number in another system.

(2) Modulus of elasticity: The measure of the elastic form of any substance, expressed by the ratio of a pressure on a given unit of the substance to the accompanying compression. Or an expression of the force which would be necessary to elongate a prismatic body of a transverse section equal to a given unit, or to compress it within the limits of its elasticity.

(3) Modulus of a machine: A formula expressing the work which a given machine can perform under the conditions involved in its construction.

(4) Modulus of rupture: The measure of the force necessary to break a given substance. (Rankine.) mo-dum-īte, s. [Named after Modum, Norway; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: The same as SKUTTERUDITE (q. v.).
mōd -us, s. [Lat. a measure.]
1. Law:

(1) The arrangement or expression of the terms of a covenant or contract.

(2) A modification; a variation or departure from a general form or rule in the way of either restriction or enlargement, as in an agreement between parties, the will of a donor, &c.

(3) An abbreviation of modus decimandi, a peculiar custom by which lands became exempted from payment of tithes on paying some composition or equivalent.

"One terrible circumstance of this bill is turning the tithe of flax and hemp into what the lawyers call a modus, or a certain sum in lieu of a tenth part of the product."Swift.

boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat, çell, chorus,
-tian =
-cian,
shan. -tion,

çhin, bench; shun; -tion, -şion

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moeh-rin'-gi-a, moh-rin'-ġi-a (o as ę), subst. [Named by Linnæus after Paul Henry Gerard Moebring, a physician, author of Hortus Proprius, A. D. 1736.]

Bot.: Formerly regarded as a genus of Caryophyllaceae, tribe Alsinem. Now the species Moehringia trinervis is called Arenaria trinervis. mō -ěl-lon, s. [Fr.]

Build.: Rubble stone filled in between the facing walls of a structure, or between the spandrels of a bridge. It consists of clean, broken stone, and where it holds an important position, as in the hardening becomes equal to a solid mass of stone. latter-mentioned case, it is laid in mortar, and by

moĕn'-chi-a, s. [Named after Conrad Moench, professor of botany at Marburg.]

Botany:

*1. A genus of Caryophyllaceae, sub-order Alsinaces. It has four sepals and petals, and four or eight stamens, while Cerastium has five sepals, five petals, and ten stamens. (Hooker & Arnott.)

2. A sub-genus or section of Cerastium. The sepals are acuminate, longer than the entire petals. (Sir Joseph Hooker.)

Mo-sō-, pref. [Lat. Masicus of or belonging to Masia or Mysia, a region of ancient Europe, bounded on the north by the Danube, on the east by the Euxine, and on the west by Pannonia.] (See etym.)

Moso-goth, a. [GOтH.]

Moso-gothic, a. & s. [GOTHIC.]

moff, s. [Native name.] A silk stuff manufactured in Caucasia.

mō-fùs -sil, mōf-fus-sil, s. [Hind. mufassal= the country, as distinguished from the town.] An three capitals, Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. Anglo-Indian term for any part of India, except the

mo-gar, s. [Native West Indian.] The dried stick of the sugar-cane.

"The stick or body of the cane after pressure was dried, and, under the name of mogars, was used to feed the fires."-London Morning Chronicle.

mog'-ĕr-a, s. [Etym. doubtful; perhaps from Gr. mogeros=wretched, distressed; or a corruption of the native name.

Zool.: A genus of Talpida, established by Pomel for the Woogura Mole, Talpa woogura, from Japan. It resembles the European mole in form and habits, but the fur is of a dingy tawny hue, the nose prolonged, and it has two incisors less in the lower jaw than T. europæа.

mog'-gan, s. [Gael. & Ir. mogan.] A stocking without the foot, worn over a boot. (Scotch.) Mŏ-grå -bi an a. & s. [Arab. & Turk. moghreb =the west, Nortwest Africa.]

A. As adj.: Of or pertaining to North or Northwest Africa.

B. As subst.: A native or inhabitant of North or Northwest Africa.

Mō-gŭl', s. [Pers. Moghól a Mongolian.] A Mongolian.

The Great Mogul: The popular name for the sovereign of the empire which was founded in Hindustan by the Mongols under Babir in 1525, and lasted till 1806.

Mō-gun-tine, a. [Lat. Moguntia, Moguntiacum, the ancient name of the town.] Of or pertaining to Mentz, in Germany.

mō -ha, s. [Fr. moha; remoter etym. doubtful.]

Bot.: Setaria italica.

expect, shus.

sin, aş; -sious

Xenophon, exist. ph = f. bel, del. -ble, -dle, &c. =

mohair

mō-häir, *mo-haire, s. [O. Fr. mouaire (Fr. moire), mohère, mouhaire, from Arab. mukhayyar.] 1. The hair of the Angora goat.

2. A fabric made from the fine, white, silky hair of the Angora goat and allied species. Sometimes called camlet. The hair is said to be produced in perfect quality in no place excepting Angora in Asia Minor, and has long been a valuable article of export from that place.

3. A wool and cotton fabric made in imitation of the above, in mixed colors or plain.

mohair-shell, s.

Zool. A species of Voluta, with a finely reticulated surface like mohair.

Mo-hăm mě dan, †Ma-hom ́-ě-tan, *Mu ham

ma-dan, a. & s. [Arab. Muhammad.]

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A. As adj. Of or belonging to Mohammed or his system of belief or polity.

B. As subst.: A follower of Mohammed. Mohammedan - architecture, s. The style of architecture adopted by Mohammedan nations, as the Moors of Spain, the Arabs, &c. It was gradually developed out of the forms which were found ready to hand in the various countries over which they spread, and which belonged for the most part to early Christian art of the later Roman period, together with an admixture of Asiatic elements. In the earliest times Christian churches were utilized for the practice of the new religion; afterward mosques were erected. [MosQUE.] In accordance with the Oriental manner of life, this style is internal rather than external, especially in palaces and dwelling-houses. While the tasteless exterior of the buildings only displays to the eye high walls which are irregularly pierced by small windows, and those few in number, everything in the interior is richly decorated. The richest ornamentation is lavished on the most essential part of these buildings, namely, on the porticoes which surround the open court. There are no fixed orders or proportions for the pillars-sometimes they are squat and heavy; at others slender and graceful, especially in the later period. Three different forms of arches are found, besides the circular arch, which is of rare occurrence. In Egypt and Sicily the pointed arch, resembling that afterward adopted in the Gothic style, was used; in Persia and India the keel-arch (the ends of the curves are bent slightly upward like the keel of a vessel); and in Spain the horseshoe arch, which consists of a larger segment of a circle than a semicircle. The walls over these arches, as all flat surfaces, were covered with embellishments in the shape of arabesques consisting of flat relief in stucco, or painted in brilliant colors. They are formed of the most multifarious entwinings of straight or curved lines or belts. Domes are introduced freely, and are, for the most part, flat or plain externally, or ornamented with stripes like a gourd. Dwelling-houses are tasteless externally, but the interiors display wealth and luxury. Overhanging balconies are used in the upper stories, and the windows are small and elevated. The Arabian system of ornamentation is not so pure as the Moorish, and the Turkish style kept more closely to the Byzantine. The finest specimen of Mohammedan architecture and ornamentation is the Alhambra, at Granada.

Mŏ-hăm -mě-dan-işm, Ma-hom'-et-an-işm, Mu năm-mạ dạn lạm, 8. [Arab. Muhammad;

Eng. suff. -an-ism. Mohammed is from the Arabic root hamd the Praised.]

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son of Abu Sofian, an old enemy of the prophet,
Civil war resulted, and the sects of the Sunnis and
Shiahs arose. Ali was assassinated in 661, Hassan
and Hosein, his sons, soon after perishing. In 710
Tarik landed in Spain, the straits where he had
passed and the adjacent rock being ever afterward
called Gibraltar (q. v.). In 732 Charles Martel
(=the Hammer) defeated the Arab Abderrahman
at Poictiers, saving Western Europe. The Saracen
capitals had been successively at Medina, at Cafa,
at Damascus, and at Bagdad; their dynasties were
the Ommeyades, Abbasides, &c. About the middle
of the eighth century, the Saracen empire in the
East began to be broken down by the Turks, then a
savage Tartar tribe, who afterward embraced Mo-
hammedanism, and in 1453 took Constantinople,
terminating the Greek or Eastern empire. Since
the sixteenth century their power has been less
dreaded. The Mohammedans of the world have
been estimated at 250 millions, of whom 50 millions
are in India, 40 millions directly under British rule.
and 10 millions in allied or tributary states. The
Koran (=that which is read or recited) is their
sacred book and their code of law. Their faith is
called Islam (=surrender of the will to God). Five
duties are incumbent on the faithful Mohammedan:
A confession of faith that there is but one God, and
that Mohammed is his prophet, prayer, fasting,
almsgiving, and a pilgrimage to Mecca. Friday is
their Sabbath and day of special worship. Raising
the nations which have embraced it to a higher
creed than their old idolatry, Islam has so stereo-
typed them as to render all further changes in-
tensely difficult. No other faith offers so stubborn
a resistance to the spread of Christianity.
Mô-năm-med-an-ize, Mạ - hăm -ě-tạn-ize,
Mu-hăm-ma-dan-ize, v. t. [Eng. Muhammadan;

-ize.]

1. Of things: To render conformable to Mohammedan law or usage.

2. Of persons: To convert to or coerce into Mohammedanism.

8.

Mồ hăm-měd-Ifm, Mạ hòm -ět-Işm, Mũ-
năm -mạd-işm,s. (MOHAMMEDANISM.]
Mỗ năm-med ize, Mạ hòm -ět-ize, Mũ-hăm -
mad-ize, v. t. [MOHAMMEDANISM.]

Mō hâwk, Mō-hock, s. [North American In-
dian.]

1. The name of a tribe of North-American Indians.
2. A name given to certain ruffians who infested
the streets of London toward the end of the seven-
teenth century.

mō-hōe, mo-hâut, s. [The West Indian name.]
Bot.: Hibiscus arboreus, called also Paritium
tiliaceum. In the days of slavery the negroes were
flogged with whips made of its fibers.
möhr-1-a, s. [Named after Mohr, a botanical
writer.]

moisten

among which figure paddy birds, pilgrim fool and pilgrim idiot, tiger, king chafing-dish, king blanket, king tent-peg, dig and bury, tatterdamalion or king clout.

mổi -dễr, v. i. & t. [MOITHER.]

A. Intrans.: To work or labor hard; to toil. B. Trans.: To spend in toil or hard work. moi-döre, subst. [Port. moeda d'ouro, moeda de ouro, from Lat. moneta-money; de=of, and aurum gold.] A Portuguese gold coin, worth 4.000 reis, or about $5.31.

m 61 - ẹ - tỷ
moitie, s. [Fr.
moitié a half,
from Lat. medie-
tatem, accus. of

dle course, a
half; medius=middle.]

medietas a mid

Moidore.

&

1. A half; the half part or share; one of two equal parts.

*2. A portion; a part in general. whereof this pamphlet, without beginning, is but a super"The love I dedicate to your lordship is without end: fluous moiety."-Shakesp.: Rape of Lucrece. (Dedic.)

moil, *moile, *moyle, v. t. & i. [0. Fr. moiller, moiler, moillier (Fr. mouiller)=to wet, to moisten. from Low Lat. *mollio-to soften, from Lat. mollis =soft.] *A. Transitive:

1. To moisten, to wet, to sprinkle.

2. To daub, to soil, to foul, to make dirty. *3. To weary; to wear out.

"No more tug one another thus nor moyle yourselves. Chapman: Homer's Iliad, xxiii.

B. Intransitive:

*1. To wallow.

2. To labor, to toil, to work hard.
mбìl (1), s. [MOIL, v.] A spot, a defilement.
*mбil (2), *moyle, s. [MULE.]

*moile (1), s. [Etym. doubtful.] A dish of marrow and grated bread.

*moile (2), s. [Fr. mule; Ital. mula a slipper, from Lat. mulleus (calceus) = a red (slipper), from mullus a red mullet.] A kind of high shoe formerly worn by high personages.

moileş, s. [Etym. doubtful.] The metallic oxide adhering to the glass which is knocked from the end of the blow-pipe.

moì'-neau (eau as ō), s. [Fr.]

Fort.: A small, flat bastion raised in front of an intended fortification, to defend it against attack by small-arms.

Watered or clouded silk. The silk is damped.
moiré (as mwar-ê), *moyre, s. [Fr.] [MOHAIR.]
folded in a peculiar manner, and subjected to a
pressure of from 60 to 100 tons.
moiré-antique, s.

Bot.: A genus of ferns, order Polypodiace. The
sori, which are few, are situated near the revolute
margins of the pinnules. Only known species
Mohria thurifera. It smells of benzoin. It is found
in South Africa and the Mascaren Islands.
mohg-îne, s. [Named after the German miner- acid, so as to display by reflected light the crystal-
alogist, F. Mohs; suff. -ine (Min.).]
(q. v.).

Min.: The same as LÖLLINGITE and LEUCOPYRITE

mohs-ite, s. [Named after the German miner-
alogist, F. Mohs; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: A variety of menaccanite occurring in thin
plates more or less hexagonal, associated with
albite and quartz, at St. Christophe, Isère, France.
of British India, value fifteen rupees, or $7.25.
mō-hur, s. [Pers. muhur, muhr.] A gold coin
mō-hur-rum, s. [Arab.]

1. The first month of the Mohammedan year.
vals. It is held in commemoration of the so-called
2. One of the greatest of the Mohammedan festi-
martyrdom of Hassun and Hosein, sons of Ali, and
forty-sixth year of the Hejira. It commences the
nephews of Mohammed, which occurred in the
evening on which the new moon becomes visible in
the month Mohurrum, and continues fully ten days.
While the festival continues, the people light fires
every evening in pits, fencing across them with
them, crying out Ya Ali, Ya Ali (Oh Ali, Oh Ali),
Shah Hassun, Shah Hosein (Noble Hassun, Noble
Hosein's banner of copper, brass, steel, or even
Hosein), &c. They form ullums or facsimiles of
silver or gold, and finally carry past in procession
beautiful taboots or tombs, which, in India, at
least, are ultimately thrown into some river. There
are many other ceremonies.

Fabric: A heavy, watered silk. moiré-métallique, s. Tin plate acted on by an line texture of the tin.

*moi-son, s. [Fr. moisson, from Lat. messionem, accus. of messio a reaping, from messus, pa. par. of meto-to reap.] Harvest, growth.

moist, *moiste, a. [O. Fr. moiste (Fr. moite)= moist, liquid, wet, from Lat. mustus=of or pertain ing to new wine, or musteus=new, fresh, from mustum=new wine, neut. sing. of mustus young. fresh, new,]

*1. New, fresh.

2. Moderately wet, damp, not dry, humid.
"Why were the moist in number so outdone
That to a thousand dry, they are but one?"
Blackmore: Creation, i.
3. Juicy, succulent.
moist-eyed, a. Having eyes wet with tears.
*moist-star, s. The moon.

"The moist-star,
Upon whose influence Neptune's empire stands,
Was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse."
Shakesp.: Hamlet, i. 1.

*moist, *moiste, v. t. [MOIST, a.] To moisten,

Compar. Religions; The religion founded by Mo-
hammed, the so-called Prophet of Arabia. He was
born at Mecca, of good family, Aug. 20, 570, but,
while an infant, lost his father, Abdallah, and, at
the age of six, his mother, Amina. When a child he
had a fit, probably epileptic. At the age of twenty-
five he married Khadijah, a widow of forty, the
first of his many wives, and was faithful to her
while she lived. At the age of forty he often re-
tired to a cave at the foot of Mount Hira for relig
ious meditation. Three years later he began to
proclaim his views, and, after a time, claimed to be
a prophet. Among his early converts were his wife,
Khadijah, Ali, his cousin, then a boy of fourteen,
afterward his adopted son and his son-in-law, and
Abu Bakr, or Abubeker, his friend. On June 20, 622,
he had to flee from Mecca to Medina. This date is
the Moslem era of the Hejira (q. v.). At Mecca he sticks or swords and leaping across or even through to make moist or wet.
had been an enthusiast, at Medina he became a fan-
atic. On Jan. 13, 624, at the head of 300 followers he
defeated 950 of the Meccans. The victory was con-
sidered miraculous, and encouraged him in future
to propagate his faith by the sword, and he was so
successful that at his death (June 8, 632) he was
virtual sovereign of Arabia. During the Caliphates
of his immediate successors Abubeker (632-634) and
Omar (634-646), the Arabs, or Saracens, conquered
Syria, Persia, and Egypt, and established the new
faith. Othman reigned next (644-655). Then the
Arabs elected Ali, Mohammed's son-in-law, strangely
passed over till now; the Syrians chose Moaviah,
fate, făt, färe, midst, what, fall, father; wē, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre;

mohurrum-fakir, s. Fakirs or religious mendicants, dressed up in peculiar ways to take part in the Mohurrum. Jaffur Shurreef enumerates fortyseven kinds of them, all with distinctive names,

moisten (t silent), v. t. & i. [Eng. moist; -en.]
A. Transitive:

1. To make moist, damp, or humid; to damp.
"One
paste of flesh on all degrees bestowed,
And kneaded up alike with moist'ning blood."
Dryden: Sigismonda and Guiscardo, 502.
*2. To soften; to make soft or tender.
3. To fill with tears.

"The moistened eye, the trembling lip,
Are not the signs of doubt or fear."
Longfellow: Building of the Ship.
B. Intrans.: To become moist or wet.
pine, plt, sïre, sir, marîne; gỗ, pot,

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Don Pedro's Hall in the Alcazar

, Russia. 5, 6, 8. Decorative

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