mair

2. The act of maintaining or supplying with the necessaries of life; support, sustentation.

"A large part of the produce of the soil has been assigned to them for their maintenance."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xi.

3. That which maintains or supports; means of support; sustentation, sustenance.

"He now was summoned to select the course
Of humbly industry that promised best
To yield him so unworthy maintenance.'
Wordsworth: Excursion, bk. i.

4. Demeanor, mien, carriage.

"She had so steadfast countenance,
So noble porte, and maintenance."
Chaucer: Dreame.

II. Law: (See extract.)
"Maintenance is an offence that bears a near relation to

barretry, being an officious intermeddling in a suit that no way belongs to one, by maintaining or assisting either party with money or otherwise, to prosecute or defend it. A man may however maintain the suit of his near kinsman, servant, or poor neighbour, out of charity and compassion, with impunity. Otherwise the punishment is fine and imprisonment; and by the statute 32 Henry VIII. c. 9, a forfeiture of ten pounds."-Blackstone: Comment.,

bk. iv., ch. 10.

Cap of maintenance: [CAP, 8.]

mäir, a. & adv. [MORE.] More. (Scotch.) mäir-o-gǎl-101, subst. [First element doubtful; Eng. gallol (q. v.).]

Chem. CisH CO. A compound obtained, together with leucogallol, by the action of chlorine on pyrogallol dissolved in glacial acetic acid.

*mais-on-dewe, *mas-on-dewe, *mas-yndewe, *mes-on-dieu, s. [French maison de dieu= house of God.] A hospital; an asylum.

"Never prynce was there that made to poore peoples use so many masondewes, hospytals, and spyttle houses, as your grace hath done."-Bale: Kynge Johan, p. 82.

maist, a. & adv. [MOST.] (Scotch.)

mais -ter, s. & a. [MASTER.] (Scotch.) *mais -tĕr-dom, s. [MASTERDOM.] *mais -ter-ful, a. [MASTERFUL.] *mais -ter-ye, mais -triě, *māis'-ter-y, s. [MASTERY.]

maist -ly, adv. [MOSTLY.] (Scotch.) Mostly. "They're maistly wonderfu' contented."

Burns: The Twa Dogs.

Maize-starch.

māi-zē -na, s. [Latinized from English maize (q. v.).] The starch prepared from maize; cornflour.

*măj-es-tăt-ic, *măj-ěs-tăt-ick, *măj-ĕstăt-ic-al s. [Lat. majestas (genit. majestatis)= majesty (q. v.).] Of majestic appearance; majestic. "The house of my majestatic presence."-Pococke: On Hosea (1685), p. 120.

ma-jes-tic, a. [MAJESTY.]

*1. Law: A person of full age to manage his or her own affairs, that is, twenty-one years of age. It is the opposite of minor (q. v.).

2. Logic: The first proposition of a regular syllogism containing the major term.

*3. Hist.: The mayor of a town. "The major and companies of the citie receiued him at Shore-ditch."-Bacon: Henry VII., p. 7.

4. Mil.: An officer, next above a captain, and below a lieutenant-colonel; in rank he is the lowest of the field officers.

2. Stately, pompous, splendid. 3. Sublime, elevated, lofty.

ma-jěs -tic-al, a. [Eng. majestic; -al.] Majestic, dignified, august, sublime.

major-excommunication, s. The greater excommunication. The same as ANATHEMA (q. v.).) major-general, s.

In a majestic manner; with dignity.

"And forth she pac'd majestically sad." Pope: Homer's Iliad, xxiv. 124. ma-jes -tic-al-ness, s. [Eng. majestical; -ness.] The quality or state of being majestic; majesty, dignity.

ma-jěs-tic-ness, *ma-jes-tick-ness, s. [Eng. majestic; ness.] The quality or state of being majestic.

măj -ěs-ty, mag-es-tee, *maj-es-te, *maj-estie, s. [O. Fr. majestet, majeste (Fr. majesté), from Lat. majestatem, accus. of majestas majesty, dignity, from the same root as magnus=great; Sp. magesdad; Ital. magestà.]

I. Ordinary Language:

"And nat eterne be withoute lye:
This maistow understand and se at ye."
Chaucer: C. T., 3,018.

mäis-tree (2), s. [MASTERY.]
*mais -tress, *mais -tresse, s. [MISTRESS.]
*mais-trie, s. [MASTERY.]

*mais trise, s. [O. Fr. maistre a master.] Masterly workmanship.

maize, subst. [A word of American origin; it is Haytian.]

1. Bot. Zea mays, a cereal grass of the tribe Phalares. The leaves are broad, and hang down from the tops of sheaths. The flowers are monoecious. The males are in loose, terminal, compound racemes; the females in many rows on a spike, enveloped in bracts. Each grain is surmounted by a thread-like style, giving the spike a silky aspect. The seeds, when ripe, are compactly arranged in rows on a rachis. They are flattened at the apex, and may be pale-yellow, white, variegated, bloodred, or purple. The seeds are very firm, the outer part being horny and the central mass more or less brittle and soft. Maize is said to have come originally from Paraguay, but is now only known in a state of cultivation.

2. Agric.: Maize, called also Indian-corn, is the staple grain of some parts of the United States. It has been introduced into Southern Europe, India, and Australia, and it is believed to support a larger number of the human race than any grain, except ing rice. The mythic account of its origin is charmingly given by Longfellow (Hiawatha, v.).

3. Veg. Pathol.: Maize is often attacked by Ergot (q.v.).

(1) Mountain-maize:

Bot.: The Peruvian genus Ombrophytum. (2) Water-maize:

Bot.: Victoria regia.

maize-birds, 8. pl.

Ornith.: According to Swainson, the sub-family Agelain of the family Sturnida (Starlings). They are terrestrial American birds, associating in flocks which frequent open pastures where cattle exist, feeding on insects, &c. Called also Maizers.

2. Power, sovereignty.

3. Diguity, sublimity, or elevation in manner or style. "The first in loftiness of thought surpassed, The next in majesty." Dryden: On Milton.

4. A title of kings, queens, and emperors generally with the possessive pronoun; as, his majesty, your majesty; also in the plural; as, Their majesties

were present.

II. Her.: A term applied to the condition of an eagle crowned and holding a scepter.

(1) Most Catholic Majesty: A title of the king of Spain.

(2) Most Christian Majesty: A title borne by the kings of France.

(3) Most Faithful Majesty: A title of the kings of Portugal.

ma-jol-I-ca, ma-iŏl'-I-ca (i and j as y), s. [For Maiorica = Majorca whence the first specimens came.] (See the compound.)

majolica-ware, s.

Pottery: A species of fine pottery, composed of clay thickly and opaquely enameled, suitable for receiving brilliantly colored figures; fabricated at Ferrara (1436) and at Passaro (1450). It is sometimes called Raffaelle-ware. Majolica, until the time of Lucca della Robbia, was glazed with a plumbiferous glaze (mezza majolica), but Robbia invented a beautifully white, durable, enameled, stanniferous glazing. Giorgio, by the combination of mineral colors, succeeded in producing beautifully iridescent ruby and golden tints. Modern potters have succeeded in reproducing this ware, and slabs, friezes, tablets, vases, flower-pots, and other articles are now made of it."

ma-jor, a. & s. [Lat., greater; comp. of magnus great; Sp. mayor; Port. maior, mayor; Ital. maggiore; O. Fr. major; Fr. majeur.]

A. As adjective:

I. Ordinary Language:

Mil.: An officer commanding a division or numgeneral.

*mā -jõr, v. i. [MAJOR, adj.] To talk and look big; to ape a military air.

"Majoring and looking about sae like his honour."Scott: Waverley, Ixiv.

*majorat (as ma-zhō-ra), s. [Fr., from Low Lat. majoratus, from Lat. major=major (q. v.).] 1. Ord. Lang.: The right of succession to pro perty according to age.

2. French Law: Property, landed or funded, which may be reserved by persons holding heredi tary titles, and entailed, so as to descend with the title.

*mā -jõr-ate, s. [Low Latin majoratus.] The rank or office of a major.

*mā -jõr-āte, v. t. [Low Lat. majoratus, pa. par. of majoro to increase, from Lat. major= greater.] To increase, to augment.

*ma-jõr-a-tion, s. [Low Lat. majoratio, from majoratus, pa. par. of majoro to increase; Lat. major greater.] The act of increasing or making greater; increase, augmentation.

ma-jor-i-ty, *ma-jor-i-tie, s. [Fr. majorité, from Lat. major=major (q. v.); Port. maioridade; Sp. mayoria.]

Xenophon, exist. ph = £

majorship

1. The quality or state of being major or greater in number, quantity, or extent.

"It is not plurality of parts without majority of parts which makes the total greater."-Grew: Cosmologia. 2. The greater number; more than one-half. "The whole body is supposed, in the first place, to have unanimously consented to be bound by the resolutions of the majority: that majority, in the next place, to have fixed certain fundamental regulations; and then to have constituted, either in one opinion, or in an assembly (the rule of succession or appointment being at the same time determined), a standing legislature."-Paley: Moral Philosophy, bk. iv., ch. iii.

3. The number by which one number or quantity exceeds another; as, The bill was passed by a majority of five.

4. Full age; that age at which, by the laws of any country, persons become competent to manage their own affairs.

†5. Superiority, preeminence, first rank.

"Douglas, whose high deeds, Whose hot incursions, and great name in arms, Holds from all soldiers chief majority." Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. I., iii. 2. 6. The office, rank, or position of a major.

To join or go over to the majority: A euphemism =to die. The idea has come down to us from classic times. The expression "es pleonön ikesthai' (Gr.) is found in Crinagoras (Anthol. Palat. 11, 42), and "penetrare ad plures" in Plautus (Trin. ii. 2, 14). A correspondent of the Illustrated London News ("Echoes," September 9, 1883) writes: "The phrase joining the majority is a free translation of the sepulchral formulă, Abierunt ad multos,' used by the Roman legionaries in Britain;" but in all probability the general use of the expression comes from the following lines:

"Life is the desert, life the solitude;
Death joins us to the great majority."
Young: Revenge, iv. 1.

2606

10. To acquire, to gain, to raise as a profit or gain. "At sixty he made money of his genius and his glory." -Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiv.

11. To have or meet with as a result; to incur; as, to make a loss.

12. To score; as, He made twenty runs in the first innings.

†13. To do, to perform, to be about. "Who brought thee hither ? and what makest thou in this place?"-Judges xviii. 3.

14. To commit; as, to make default.

15. To get or arrive at as the result of computation or calculation; to ascertain by enumeration, reckoning, measuring, &c.; as, He made the total

200.

16. To complete, as by being added to a sum; to make a total of; to amount to. 17. To serve; to answer for; to do the part or office of.

"Thou would'st make a good fool."-Shakesp.: Lear, i. 5. 18. To pass over the distance of; to traverse, to travel over; as, He made five miles in the hour. 19. To represent; to consider as; to set down as. "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike." Shakesp.: Measure for Measure, v.

20. To bring forward; to exhibit. "She did not authorize her solicitor to make the charge."-London Daily Chronicle.

21. To go through the form of; to declare formally. 22. To fetch, as a price; as, Wheat made 60 cents a bushel.

T (1) Make is used periphrastically in conjunction with substantives to express an action of some sort, the nature of which is determined by the substantive, and the verb and substantive together are synonymous with a verb corresponding to the sub

mā -jor-ship, s. [Eng. major; ship.] The office, stantive. Thus, to make haste to hasten; to make rank, or commission of a major; majority. ma-joun, s. [MADJOUN.]

ma-jus'-cu-læ, s. pl. [Latin.] Capital letters used in old Latin manuscripts; majuscules. tma-jus-cu-lar, a. [MAJUSCULE.] Large, great; of more than ordinary size.

ma-jus-cule, s. [Latin majuscula (litera)=a large or capital letter; from majusculus, dimin. from major, majus greater.] A capital letter; as distinguished from a minuscule. Majuscules are found in Latin manuscripts of the sixth century and earlier.

māk-a-ble, *make-a-ble, a. [Eng. mak(e); -able.] Capable of being made; feasible, effectible. "It is not to be understood of the accidents themselves that all are makeable and destroyable."-Cudworth: Intellectual System, p. 70.

*mak-a-ron, s. [MACAROON.]

make, *mak-en, *mak-i-en (pa. t. *makede, made; pa. par. *maked, *maad, *mad, made), v. t. & i. [A. S. macian (pa. t. macode, pa. par. macod); cogn. with Ger. machen = to make; O. H. Ger. machón; Dut. maken.]

A. Transitive:

I. Ordinary Language:

complaint to complain; to make confession=to confess; to make demand to demand; and to make abode to abide.

"When from St. Albans we do make return, We'll see these things effected to the full." Shakesp.: Henry VI., Pt. II., i. 3.

(2) Make is often used before an infinitive, exHe made me (to) work; The medicine made him (to pressed or understood, with a causative sense; as, be) sick.

II. Naut.: To reach, attain to, or arrive at; to come near or in sight of.

"Acosta recordeth, they that sail in the middle can make no land of either side."-Browne: Vulgar Errors. B. Intransitive:

1. To do, to act, to be active, to operate.

"The less you meddle or make with them, why the more is for your honesty."-Shakesp.: Much Ado about Nothing, iii. 3.

2. To have effect; to contribute, to tend. (Followed by *to, for, or *against.)

"Considerations infinite do make against it." Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. I., v. 1.

3. To tend, to move in a direction, to direct one's course, to proceed, to go. (Followed by words indicating the direction or object; as, He made for

1. To create; to cause to exist; to bring into being home, he made after the boy.)

or existence.

"Let us make man in our image."-Genesis i. 26.

2. To form of materials; to produce, to fabricate. "He fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf."-Exodus xxxii. 4.

3. To produce; to effect as an agent or cause; to be productive of; to give rise to.

"Wealth maketh many friends."-Proverbs xix. 4. *4. To produce, to bear, as a tree. 5. To compose, as parts, materials, or ingredients.

"The heav'n, the air, the earth, and boundless sea, Make but one temple for the Deity."

Waller. (Todd.) 6. To cause to be or become; to constitute; to put or cause to be in a certain state or condition, expressed by a noun, adjective, participle, or clause. "If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones he made bread."-Matthew iv. 3.

7. To put into a proper state or condition; to prepare for use.

"I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour, dress meat and drink, make the beds, and do all myself."-Shakesp.: Merry Wives of Windsor, i. 4.

8. To create; to raise to a certain rank or dignity.

"Of all these bounds, even from this line to this We make thee lady.' Shakesp.: Lear, i. 1.

9. To compel, to require, to constrain, to force, to

cause.

"They should be made to rise at their early hour: but great care should be taken in waking them, that it be not done hastily."-Locke: On Education.

fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll,

"As the waves make toward the pebbled shore." Shakesp.: Sonnet 70. 4. To rise, to flow; as, The tide makes fast. 5. To invent; specif., to compose or write poetry. [MAKER.]

"The god of shepherds, Tityrus, is dead, Who taught me, homely as I can, to make." Spenser: Shepherd's Calendar; June. Intransitively make is used periphrastically with adjectives, with the meaning of to be, to show one's self, to act as; as, to make merry, to make bold, &c.

We cannot make without doing, but we may do without making: to do is simply to move for a certain end; to make is to do, so as to bring something into being, which was not before; we make a thing what it was not before; we do a thing in the same manner as we did it before: to make is the most general and unqualified term; to form signifies to give a form to a thing, that is, to make it after a given form; to produce is to bring forth into bring into existence by an absolute exercise of the light, to call into existence; to create is to power: to make is the simplest action of all, and efforts; to form requires care and attention, and comprehends a simple combination by the smallest greater efforts; to produce requires time, and also labor: whatever is put together so as to become another thing, is made; a chair or a table is made: whatever is put into any distinct form is formed; the potter forms the clay into an earthen vessel: whatever emanates from a thing, so as to become a distinct object, is produced.

make

"Clarence

12. To make friends:

(1) Intransitive:

(a) To become reconciled.

(b) To contract friendships.

"To be slow and cautious in making friends, but vio lent in friendships once contracted."-Goldsmith: Polte Learning, ch. viii.

(2) Trans.: To reconcile. 13. To make good:

(1) To repair defects in.

That we have made so much on."
Shakesp.: Cymbeline, iv. 2

(2) To understand fully. 20. To make no difference: To be a matter of indifference.

21. To make no doubt: To have no doubt, to be confident.

22. To make no matter: To be of no importance or moment; to make no difference.

*23. To make nothing for: Not to support or confirm.

"Seeing they judge this to make nothing in the world for them."-Hooker: Eccles. Polity.

27. To make out:

(1) Transitive:

marîne; gō, pot,

make

(b) To prove; to establish by evidence or argument; to cause to appear.

"There is no truth which a man may more evidently make out to himself, than the existence of a God."-Locke: Human Understanding.

(e) To find or supply to the full; to make up. (d) To attempt to prove or establish; to pretend. "Scaliger hath made out that the history of Troy was no more the invention of Homer than of Virgil.”—Dry(2) Intrans.: To make a shift; to succeed and no

den.

more.

28. To make over: To transfer the right or title to; to convey, to alienate.

"Your better way is to make over
In trust your fortune to a lover."

29. To make sail: Nautical:

Butler: Hudibras, ii. 507.

make-up, s.

2607

1. Print.: The arrangement of slip matter in col-
umns, or galleys into suitable length for pages.
2. Theater: The manner in which an actor is
dressed, &c., for a part in a play.

with Icel. maki=a mate; Sw. make a fellow, a
*māke (2), s. [A. S. gemaca, maca=a mate; cogn.
mate, a match; maka-a spouse; Dan. mage=a
mate, a fellow; O. S. gimako=a mate; O. Dan. maet;
Dut. maata mate.] A mate, a companion, a fel-
low, a husband or wife. [MATE, 8., MATCH (2), 8.]
"Each not far behind him had his make,
To wit, two ladies of most goodly hue."
Spenser: F. Q., IV. ii. 30.
*make-bāte, s. [Eng. make, v., and bate.]
1. Ord. Lang.: One who excites or breeds quarrels.
"Barillon was therefore directed to act, with all possi-
ble precautions against detection, the part of a makebate."

(1) To increase the quantity of sail already ex- -Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. vi. tended.

(2) To sail or start; to set sail.

30. To make shift: To contrive or manage for the time.

31. To make sure of:

(1) To consider as certain or sure.

(2) To arrange so as to be secure for one's self.

"But whether marriage bring joy or sorrow,
Make sure of this day, and hang to-morrow."
Dryden. (Todd.)

32. To make tracks: To get away in a hurry. (Slang.)

33. To make up:

(1) Transitive:

(a) To compose, as ingredients; to form the constituent parts of.

"In fact disobedience and resistance made up the ordinary life of that population."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiii.

(b) To collect into one mass or sum; as, to make up the amount of a debt.

(c) To shape; as, to make up a mass into pills. (d) To supply what is deficient or wanting. "Whatsoever, to make up the doctrine of man's salvation, is added as in supply of the scripture's insufficiency, we reject it."-Hooker: Eccles. Poiity.

(e) To compensate, to make good; as, to make up a loss.

(f) To settle, to adjust, to arrange; as, to make

up accounts.

(g) To repair.

"I sought for a man among them that should make up the hedge."-Ezekiel xiii. 5.

(h) To assume a particular form or cast of features; as, to make up a face.

(i) To dress, as an actor for a part.

(j) To settle, to determine, to bring to a definite conclusion; as, to make up one's mind.

(k) To reconcile, to adjust, to compose.

1. One who makes or creates anything, especially the Creator. *2. A poet; a writer or composer of poetry. 3. One who produces, causes, or gives rise to anything; one who carries on any act or pursuit. “I am a maker of war and not a maker of phrases." Longfellow: Miles Standish, ii.

II. Law: The person who signs a promissory note, and who stands in the same position, after the note is endorsed, as the acceptor of a bill of exchange.

make-shift, s. & a. [Eng. make, v., and shift.] A. As subst. That with which one makes shift; a temporary expedient or substitute.

B. As adj.: Used or adopted as a makeshift. make-weight (eight as ät), s. & a. [Eng. make, v., and weight.]

A. As subst. Any small thing thrown into a scale to make weight or make up for deficiency in weight; hence, anything which is thrown in for the sake of

"I knew when seven justices could not make up a quar- appearance or to fill a gap. rel."-Shakesp.: As You Like It, v. 4.

(1) To concoct; as, to make up a story.

(m) Print.: To arrange slip matter in columns or pages.

(2) Intrans.: To dress, &c., as an actor for a

part.

34. To make up to:

(1) To approach.

(2) To court, to woo.

B. As adj.: Thrown into the scales to make up for deficiency. "The glimmering light

Of makeweight candle." J. Philips: Splendid Shilling. ma -ki, s. [The Malagasy name.] Zool. The genus Lemur (q. v.). The word is rapidly going out of use; but is still employed as a France. The Ring-tailed Maki is Lemur catta. māk-ing, *mak-ynge, pr. par., adj. & subst. [MAKE, v.]

35. To make up for: To make amends for; to com- popular, and in some cases as a scientific, name in

pensate for.

36. To make water:

(1) Ord. Lang. To void urine.

(2) Naut.: To leak, as a ship.

37. To make way:

(1) To open a passage; to clear the way. (2) To make progress; to advance, to progress. 38. To make with: To concur, to agree. "Antiquity, custom, and consent, in the church of God, making with that which law doth establish, are themselves most sufficient reasons to uphold the same."-Hooker:

Eccles. Polity.

39. To make words:

(1) To multiply words.

(2) To raise a difference or quarrel. māke (1), s. [MAKE, v.] Form, shape, structure; constitution or arrangement of parts.

"He was a stalwart knight, and strong;
Of giant make he 'peared to be."
Scott: Thomas the Rhymer, ii.

A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.)

C. As substantive:

1. The act of creating, forming, or constructing; formation, creation, construction, fabrication. "When the cause is extrinsical, and the effect produced by a sensible separation, or juxtaposition of discernible parts, we call it making."-Locke: Human Understanding, bk. ii., ch. xxvi., § 2.

making-up, 8.

Malachi

I. Ord. Lang.: The act or state of becoming reconciled or friendly.

II. Technically:

1. Distill.: The reducing of spirits to a standard of strength, called proof.

2. Print.: The arrangement of matter into lengths suitable for columns or pages.

măk -ite, s. [Etym. doubtful; named by Adam.] Min. The same as THENARDITE (q. v.).

măl-, măl-ě-, pref. [See def.] Two prefixes, denoting ill or badly, derived from the Latin male =badly, malus bad, the latter prefix directly, the former through the French mal-bad. Male is properly used with words of Latin origin, the former can be prefixed to English words already existing.

mā -la, s. pl. [MALUM.]

Mǎl-a-bar, s. & a. [Native name.]

A. As subst.: The name of a district on the west coast of India.

B. As adj. Of or pertaining to Malabar or its inhabitants.

Malabar-bark, s.

Bot. The genus Ochna (q. v.).
Malabar-leaf, s.

Bot.: Cinnamomum malabathrum.
Malabar-nightshade, s.

Bot. The genus Basella (q. v.).
Malabar-nut, s.

Bot.: Justicia adhatoda.

Bot.: The seeds of Semecarpus anacardium.
Malacca-cane, s.

Bot. & Comm.: A cane, used as a walking stick, imported from Malacca, though the tree producing it, Calamus scipionum, is more common in Sumatra.

Mǎl-a-chi, s. [Gr. Malachias; Heb. Malakhi, exactly the word rendered "my messenger" in ch. iii. 1, but which may have been a contraction of Malachijah = messenger of Jehovah.]

Script. Biog.: The last of the Old Testament minor prophets. Of his history nothing is certainly

3. What has been made, especially at one time. 4. The material from which anything is or may "Men who have in them the makings of better preachers."-Fraser's Magazine, Aug., 1858, p. 220. *5. The ornaments befitting an exalted station.

1. The act of making believe or pretending; a pre- (Usually in the plural.) tending.

2. A mere pretense or sham.

"Consigns to contempt and disbelief a host of makebelieves."-Miall: Bases of Belief, pt. iii., § 8.

B. As adj.: Unreal, sham, pretended, not genuine.

boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat,

"She had all the royal makings of a queen." Shakesp.: Henry VIII., iv. 1.

making-iron, 8. Shipbuild.: A large calking-iron, with grooves lengthways of its face, used for the final driving of oakum into the seams.

çell, chorus, chin,

bench; go, gem; thin, this;

The Prophecies of Malachi:

Old Testament. When it was penned, the Jewish Old Test. Canon: The last prophetic book of the people were under a governor instead of a king (i. 8), and the Temple rebuilt (i. 7, 10, iii. 1, 10). The governor was probably Nehemiah, during his second visit to Jerusalem. If so, then Malachi prophesied probably between 430 and 425 B. C., during the first part of the Peloponnesian war, and was a contemporary of Sophocles (496-405), Euripides (480-406), Herodotus (484-424), and Thucydides (471-396). In Malachi's time religion was at a low ebb. The priests were not pious or moral enough to gain the respect of the people (ii. 7, 8, 9), who withheld tithes and offerings (iii. 8, 10), or, when they did pay them, selected from their flocks and herds the lame, the sick, or the torn. With absence of piety came low morality. Divorces were far too many (ii. 14, 16); adultery, false swearing, fraud upon the feeble and

sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

malachite

the dependent were common. The prophet sought to correct all these evils. He encouraged a small remnant who had remained faithful (iii. 16). He predicted the rise of the Sun of righteousness (iv. 2), the advent of Jehovah to his Temple (iii. 1), a messenger, "Elijah the prophet" preparing his way (iii. 1, iv. 5, 6). We learn that this was fulfilled in the coming of John the Baptist (Matt. xi. 10-14, xvii. 10-13; Mark i. 2, ix. 11-13; Luke i. 17, 76, vii. 27). Malachi i. 2, 3 is referred to in Rom. ix. 13. The Hebrew style of the book is argumentative rather than poetical. Its canonical authority has never been doubted.

măl'-a-chite, s. [Gr. malache, moloche=mallow; suff. -ite (Min.); Ger. malachit; Old Ger.molochit.] Min.: A monoclinic mineral rarely found in crystals, but mostly as fibrous or compact stalag mitic masses, with mammillary or botryoidal surfaces; or earthy. Crystals mostly twinned. Hardness, 35-4; specific gravity, 37-401. Luster of crystals adamantine, of fibrous kinds, silky to dull; color, bright green; streak, paler; translucent to opaque. Composition: Carbonic acid, 199; protoxide of copper, 71'9; water, 82; yielding the formula, CuÒCO+CuOHO. Found with other copper ores extensively distributed, in great abundance in the Ural Mountains, Russia. The Russian mines, those of Namaqualand, West Africa, and the Burra Burra mines, South Australia, yield a close variety which takes a high polish and is much used in inlay. ing work.

=soft.]

Bot. Formerly regarded as a genus of Caryophyllaces, but reduced by Sir Joseph Hooker to a subgenus of Stellaria. The sepals are free to the base; the styles five, rarely three; the capsule with five bifid valves. The old Malachium aquaticum is now Stellaria (Malachium) aquatica. It is from one to three feet high, with a brittle stem, membranous leaves, and dichotomous cymes of white flowers. Found in ditches, streams, &c.

mą-lā -chi-ŭs, s. [MALACHIUM.] Entom.: A genus of Malacodermide (q. v.). The species have the power of projecting from various parts of their thorax under excitement large, fleshy vesicular appendages.

măl-a-cho-chǎl'-çīte, s. [Gr. malache = mallow, and chalkos=brass.]

Min.: A name used by Glocker for a subdivision of the family Halochalcite. It included all the malachite-like minerals.

măl-a-cho-den-dron, s. [Gr. malache mallow, and dendron a tree.]

Bot.: An old genus of Ternstromiaceae, now called Stuartia (q. v.).

măl'-a-chra, s. [A name given by Pliny to a Persian tree producing a gum. (Paxton.)]

Bot.: A genus of Malvaceae, tribe Uranem. Mal. achra capitata, an Indian annual, with broad, heart-shaped leaves, covered with stiff hairs, and yellow or white flowers, yields a fiber eight or nine feet long, with a silvery luster, and almost as soft as silk; it has been used in Bombay in jute manufactories. (Prof. Watt.)

*mǎl-a-çis-sant, a. [Lat. malacissans, pr. par. of malacisso; Gr. malakizō=to make soft; malakos =soft.] Making soft or tender; relaxing. *măl-a-çis-sã-tion, subst. [MALACISSANT.] A softening or mollifying.

"This malacissation or supplying of the body, to be continued for one whole month."-Bacon: Hist. Life and Death.

măl-a-cob-děl'-la, s. [Gr. malakos = soft, and bdella a leech.]

Zool. The typical genus of the family Malacobdellida (q. v.). Malacobdella grossa is a leech two inches long, found between the mantle and the branchise of the large bivalve mollusk, Cyprina islandica.

măl-a-cob-děl ́-lí-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. malacobdell(a) (q. v.); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ide.] Zool. A family of Hirudinea (Leeches). mǎl-a-co-çeph'-a-lus, subst. [Greek malakos= soft, and kephale the head.]

Ichthy: A genus of fishes, family Macruridae. The scales are very small, ctenoid; the snout is obtuse, and obliquely truncated.

măl'-a-co-dẽrm, s. [MALACODERMATA.] Zool. One of the MALACODERMATA (q. v.). fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll,

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mǎl-a-co-dẽr'-ma-ta, s. pl. [Greek malakos soft, and dermata (pl. of derma)=skin.]

=

1. Entom.: A sub-section or sub-tribe of beetles, section or tribe Pentamera. They have the integuments soft and flexible, without interlocking apparatus; hence the prothorax moves freely. The chief families are the Dascyllide and the Malacodermida.

2. Zool.: A sub-order of Zoantharia, containing the Sea-anemones (q. v.). Professor Martin Duncan calls it Actinaria, and includes under it the families Actinidae and Cerianthida. *măl-a-co-der-mēş, s. pl. [MALACODERMATA.] Entom.: One of Swainson's tribes or primary divisions of Coleoptera. It contains the soft-bodied Coleoptera, without reference to the number of joints in their tarsi. The elytra are soft, flexible, and often very short. He doubtfully divides it into the five families, Lampyridae, Cantharide, Lymexylonida, Mordellida, and Lycida.

măl-a-co-der-mi-dæ, s. pl. [Greek malakos= soft; derma skin, and Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.] Entom.: The typical family of the sub-section or sub-tribe Malacodermata. It consists of long, soft-bodied beetles, with the mentum often indistinct; the abdomen with six or seven free segments. The type of organization is low. It contains the Glow-worm (q. v.), and other insects. măl'-a-cổìd, a. [Gr. malakos=soft, and eidos= form.] Having a mucilaginous texture. mǎl-ǎc-o-lite, s. [Gr. malakos=soft, and lithos stone; Ger. malakolith.]

Min. Formerly included bluish-gray, grayishgreen, and whitish varieties of pyroxene from Sala, Sweden. Dana adopts the name of the first group of the Pyroxenes (q. v.), which contains little or no alumina, but consists essentially of a silicate of magnesia and lime. Named malacolite, because it was softer than the felspar with which it was found.

One versed or skilled in malacology. măl-a-col-o-gist, s. [Eng. malacolog(y); -ist.]

mǎl-a-col ́-o-ġỷ, s. [Gr. malakia-Aristotle's name for the mollusca, and logos = a discourse.] The science which treats of the mollusca, or softbodied animals.

măl-a-con, măl'-a-cōne, s. [Greek malakos= soft; Ger. malakon.]

Min.: An altered zircon, having hardness, 6'5; specific gravity, 39-4047; luster, vitreous; color, brown. Found at Hitteroe, Norway, and Chanteloube, France, in aggregates of thin plates. măl-a-cop-ter-i, ș. pl. [Gr. malakos=soft, and pteron a wing, a fin.]

Zool. In Professor Owen's classification, a suborder of Teleostean Fishes. The endoskeleton ossified, the exoskeleton in most as cycloid, in a few as ganoid scales; fins supported by rays, all except the first, sometimes in the dorsal and pectoral, soft or jointed, abdominal or apodal; gills free operculate, a swim-bladder and air duct. Called by Müller Physostomi. Owen divides the order into two sub-orders: Apodes, with the families Symbranchidee, Murenida, and Gymnotidae; and Abdominales, with the families Heteropygii, Clupeidae, Esocida, Salmonidae, Scopelide, Characini, Galaxide, Mormyride, Cyprinodontidae, Cyprinidae, and Siluridae. (Owen: Comp. Anat.; Fishes, p. 48.) măl-a-cop'-ter-us, s. [Gr. malakos-soft, and pteryx a wing, a fin.]

Ichthy.: A genus of fishes, family Labridae, from Juan Fernandez.

mǎl-a-cop-ter-уg'-I-ạn, a. & 8. [Gr. malakos soft, and pterygion=a little wing, a fin.]

A. As adj. Of or belonging to the order Malacopterygii (q.v.); having soft fin-rays not pointed at the extremities.

B. As subst.: An individual of the order Malacopterygii. mǎl-a-cop-tĕr-yġ'-I-I, s. pl. [Greek malakos soft, and pterygion=a little wing, a fin.] Ichthyology:

1. In the classification of Cuvier the second order of Osseous Fishes. All the rays of the fins are soft and cartilaginous; they exhibit minute articulations, and are divided at the extremities into small fibers. Cuvier divided them into Abdominales, Sub-brachiales, and Apodes.

2. In the classification of Professor Müller a group or section of the sub-order Pharyngognatha, having soft fins. It contains only one family, the Scomberesocidæ (q. v.).

măl-a-cop-ter-yg-I-ous, adj. [MALACOPTERYGII.] The same as MALACOPTERYGIAN (q. v.). mǎl-a-cos-tě-on, s. [Gr. malakos soft, and osteon a bone.j

Path.: Mollities ossium, a diseased softening of the bones, in which they are liable to become bent, without being fractured.

malambo

măl-a-cos'-tě-ŭs, 8. [MALACOSTEON.]

Ichthy.: A genus of fishes, family Stomiatida. mǎl-a-cos-to-moŭs, adj. [Gr. malakos-soft; stoma=a mouth, and Eng. adj. suff. -ous.]. Having soft jaws without teeth. (Applied to certain fishes.) măl-a-cos -tra-cą, s. [Gr. malakostrakos=softshelled: malakos-soft, and ostrakon=a shell.] Zoology:

Crustacea, because their integument was softer *1. The term applied by Aristotle to the class than the shell of the Mollusca.

2. The highest division of the Crustacea. They have a definite number of body segments, generally seven somites constituting the thorax, and an equal number, including the telson, forming the abdomen. It contains crabs, lobsters, shrimps, wood-lice, sandhoppers, &c., and is divided into two great sections, (q.v.). Dr. Henry Woodward calls it Thoracipoda the Edriophthalmata and the Podophthalmata (q. v.).

măl-a-cos-tra-cŏl'-ô-ġỷ, s. [Greek malakos= soft; ostrakona shell, and logos a discourse.] The division of zoology which has special reference to the Malacostraca (q. v.). [CRUSTACEOLOGY.] măl-a-cos-tra-coŭs, a. [MALACOSTRACA.] Of or pertaining to the Malacostraca (q. v.). †măl-a-cốt-0-mỹ, s. [Gr. malakia=a mollusk, and tome a cutting.]

of Zootomy (q. v.). Comp. Anat.: The anatomy of mollusca; a branch

măl-ad-just-ment, s. [Pref. mal-, and English adjustment (q. v.).] An evil, bad, or defective adjustment.

mål-ad-min-is-trā -tion, *måle-ad-min-Istra-tion, s. Pref. mal, and Eng. administration (q. v.).] Faulty or bad administration; bad management of public affairs; imperfect or faulty conduct in the administration of official duties; especially of those prescribed by law.

măl-a-droit, a. [French, from mal=bad, and adroit adroit (q. v.).] Not adroit or dexterous; awkward, clumsy.

măl'-a-droit-ly, adv. [English maladroit; -ly.] In a maladroit, awkward, or clumsy manner; awkwardly, clumsily.

The quality or state of being maladroit; awkwardmăl'-a-drồît-něss, s. [Eng. maladroit; -ness.] ness, clumsiness.

maladie, from malade=sick, ill, from Lat. mule măl-a-dy, *mal-a-die, *mal-a-dye, s. [Fr. habitus out of condition; male badly, ill, and habitus = held, kept, pa. par. of habeo = to hold, to keep.]

1. A disease, sickness, or disorder of the body; a distemper or disorder of the body arising from impaired, defective, or morbid organic functions; espec., a lingering or deep-seated disorder or indis position. 2. A moral defect or disorder; a corrupt state of standing.

the moral principles; disorder of the mind or under

"Satire's strong dose the malady requires." P. Whitehead: Epistle to Dr. Thomson. mā -la fi-dē, adv. phr. [Lat.] In bad faith; deceitfully, treacherously.

mā -la fi'-dēş, phr. [Lat.] Bad faith. măl'-a-ga, subst. [See def.] A kind of wine imported from Malaga, in Spain.

ma-lǎg'-mạ, 8. [Gr., from malasso to make supple, to soften; malakos=soft.] Med.: A poultice.

măl-ă-guět-tạ, măl-a-guět -ạ (u as w), s. [Fr managuette, malaguette-grains of paradise, from Malagueta, the Spanish name of a village in Guinea, where they are bought or sold.] See etym. and compound.)

malaguetta-pepper, s.

marîne; gō, pot,