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madheaded

mad-head-ěd, a. [Eng. mad, a., and headed.] Madbrained, hotbrained, mad, foolish.

"Out, you madheaded ape!"

Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. I., ii. 3. măd'-house, s. [Eng. mad, a., and house.] A house or asylum for the cure and treatment of lunatics; a lunatic asylum.

"By statute for regulating private madhouses."-Blackstone: Comment., bk. i., ch. 8.

ma-dhû-ca, s. [Sansc.] (See the compound.) madhuca-tree, s.

Bot.: Bassia butyracea, the Indian butter-tree, which grows in Nepaul and the Almorah Hills. The seeds, when bruised and pressed, yield a vegetable butter, which may be used in the manufacture of soap and candles, or with cloves and attar of roses, as an unguent for the hair, &c. It is largely employed as an illuminating agent, and is said to possess curative properties in rheumatism and contraction of the limbs. (Prof. Watt, &c.)

mã -dl-a, s. [Latinized from the Chilian name madi.] Bot. A genus of Composites, tribe Sphenogyneæ. Only known species, Madia sativa, cultivated for the seeds in its native regions, California and Chili. The flowers, which are yellow, are in nearly globu

lar heads.

madia-oil, s. Oil expressed without heat from Madia sativa. It is transparent, yellow, and with out odor; it may be used for salads or for oil-cake for cattle.

*măd-id, a. [Lat. madidus, from madeo to be wet or moist.] Wet, moist.

*măd-ish, a. [MADDISH.]

măd-Is-ter -I-um, s. [Gr. madisterion.]

Surg.: A pair of tweezers; an instrument for extracting hairs.

mădj-ôun, măj-ôun, s. [Arab. majun = an electuary.] A preparation from the hemp-plant, used as an intoxicating drug by the Turks, Hindus,

and others.

măd-ly, *madde-lye, adv. [Eng. mad, a.; -ly.] 1. In a mad manner; like a madman or lunatic. "Wast thou mad that so madly thou didst answer me?" -Shakesp.: Comedy of Errors, ii. 2.

2. Franticly, furiously.

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"The crowd that madly heaves and presses.' Longfellow: Golden Legend, ii.

3. Like one infatuated; with extreme folly. "He heard, and madly at the motion pleas'd, His polished bow with hasty rashness seized." Pope: Homer's Iliad iv. 135. măd -man, *madde-man, s. [Eng. mad, a., and man.]

1. A person disordered in the mind; a person of deranged intellect; a lunatic.

"This makes the madmen who have made men mad." Byron: Childe Harold, iii. 43. 2. One who is inflamed with extravagant or uncontrollable passion; one who is beside himself with passion; one who acts extravagantly or with

out reason.

măd'-ness, s. [Eng. mad, a.; -ness.]

1. The quality or state of being mad or disordered in mind; a state of disordered or deranged mind or intellect; lunacy.

"Madness laughing in his ireful mood."

Dryden: Palamon and Aroite, ii. 582.

2. Extremity of folly; headstrong or uncontrollable passion; ungovernable fury or rage. "But in him it was not easy to distinguish the madness

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mad -o-quă, s. [Native name.]

Zool.: Antilope saltiana or Neotragus saltianus, a diminutive antelope about the size of a hare, common in Abyssinia. Legs short and slender; the males alone bear horns, which are short and conical. The foreparts are rufous, but gray is the prevailing hue.

Ma-dras, s. [See def.]

Geog.: A city and presidency in India.
Madras-bulbul, s.

Ornith.: Pycnonotus hæmorrhous, a small bird
very common in Ceylon, the Neilgherries, and some
other parts of India. It has an unmusical chirp,
though it has been called the Ceylon nightingale.
It is kept in the Carnatic for fighting purposes. It
tries to pull out the red feathers of its antagonist.
It makes a neat nest of roots, grass, hair, spiders'
webs, &c., in a low bush; the eggs are reddish-
brown, blotched and speckled.

Madras System of Education: The system of
mutual instruction by means of monitors, under
the superintendence of a head teacher. It was
introduced by Rev. Dr. Andrew Bell into the
orphan institution of Madras, India. Dr. Bell was
the clergyman
of St. Mary's
Church, at
Madras, when
he first tried
his system.

măd'-rĕperl, s. [Ital. madreperla, from madre= mother, and perla = pearl.] Mother of pearl. (Longfellow.)

măd-rĕpöra, 8. [MADREPORE.]

1. Zool.: The typical genus of the family Madreporida

Madrepora Longicyathus.

(q. v.). The animals are actiniform, rather short,
with twelve simple tentacles; the cells are irregu-
larly scattered over the surface. The corallum
which is arborescent or frondescent, is very porous
2. Palæont.: The genus commences in the Eocene.
măd-re-pör-al, adj. [Eng. madrepor(e); al.]
Pertaining to madrepores; consisting of madre-

pores.

măd-re-pör-är'-I-a, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. madre-
por(a); Lat. neut. pl. adj. suff. -aria.]
Zool. White stony corals or madrepores, a sub-
order of Zoantharia, class Anthozoa. If the animal
be simple it resembles a sea anemone, having one
or more ranges of tentacles, with an internal disc
opening in a small mouth. The body may be cup-
like, flat, bell-shaped, tubular, or compressed like
underneath which are various septa. A columella
a fan. Externally, the body is covered with a disc,
may or may not exist on the axis. The interstices
and walls of the cells are always porous. Some
corals are simple and separate, others are com-
pound, budding from the parent. They exist on
the floor of the sea at all depths, from water level
down to 3,000 fathoms. The sub-order is very
numerous, both in genera and individuals. The
reef-building corals, among others, belong to it.
It is divided into three groups: (1) Madreporaria
aporosa, (2) Madreporaria perforata, and (3)
Madreporaria rugosa.

produced by evil passions from the madness produced by pora, from madre mother, and Gr. porostuff brandy."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. v.

3. Foolish actions or conduct. "And I gave my heart to know wisdom and to know madness and folly."-Ecclesiastes i. 17.

Madness and frenzy are used in the physical and moral sense; rage and fury alone in the moral sense: in the first case, madness is a confirmed derangement in the organ of thought; frenzy is only a temporary derangement from the violence of fever. Rage refers more immediately to the agitation that exists within; fury refers to that which shows itself outwardly: a person contains or stifles his rage; but his fury breaks out into some external mark of violence. (Crabb: Eng. Synon.) Raving madness:

Pathol.: A popular name for mania (q. v.). ma-don-na, *ma-don-a, s. [Ital., from ma = my and donna (Lat. domina)=lady.] The Italian equivalent for madam.

"Two faults, madonna, that drink and good counsel will amend."-Shakesp.: Twelfth Night, i. 5.

It is applied specifically to the Virgin Mary, as the English "Our Lady;" hence, pictures of the Virgin are called Madonnas.

fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fall,

măd-rě-pöre, s. [Fr. madrépore; Ital. madrestone (Littré); or the first element may be Fr. madré-spotted; O. Fr. madre, mazre a kind of knotty wood with brown spots; O. H. Ger. mosar; N. H. Ger. maser a knot, grain, or vein in wood, a speck. (Mahn.)]

1. Strictly: The English name of the genus Mad

repora.

cial star-shaped cavities. (Lyell.)
2. Loosely: Any coral distinguished by superfi-

The Common Madrepore of the Devonshire
coast is Caryophyllia smithii.
măd-re-pör-Ic, adj. [Eng., &c., madrepor(e);

-ic.]

Zool.: Pierced with minute holes like a madre-
pore; madreporiform (q. v.).

"The one nearest the madreporic inter-radius."-Rol-
leston: Forms of Animal Life, p. 144.
madreporic-canals, s. pl.

Zool.: Canals connecting the ambulacral system
of starfishes with the openings in the surface. (Ros-
siter.)

madreporic-plate, s.

Zool.: A rounded, calcareous mass on the dorsal surface of a starfish. (Rossiter.)

mae

madreporic-tubercle, s. The same as MADEEPORIFORM-TUBERCLE (q. v.).

"The so-called madreporic-tubercle."-Rolleston: Forms of Animal Life, p. 142.

măd-re-por-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. madrepor(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

1. Zool.: The typical family of the Madreporaria. The corallum is much branched, the openings of the polype cells constituting orbicular, tubercular prominences, with few rays. There are usually twelve small, short tentacles.

2. Palæont.: The family commences in the Cretaceous rocks.

măd-re-pör-1-form, adj. [Eng. madrepor(e); i connective, and form.

Zool.: Perforated with small holes like a coral. madreporiform-tubercle, s.

Zool.: A spongy tubercle, perforated by minute apertures, and rising from a genital plate, or from the center of the apical disc. Its function appears to be that of admitting water to the body-cavity, excluding injurious solid particles. It is found in the Echinoidea, the Asteroidea, the Ophiuroidea, and the Holothuroidea. (Nicholson.)

măd-re-pör-ite, s. [Eng., &c., madrepore; -ite (Palæont.); Fr. madréporite.]

1. Palæont.: A fossil madrepore.

2. Petrol.: A calcareous rock, marked with radiated, prismatic concretions, like the stars of madrepores. Found in Norway, in Greenland, in Salzburg, &c. Called also Columnar Carbonate of Lime, and Anthraconite (q. v.).

măd-ri-a-lê, s. [Ital.] A word derived from madrigal, and as, in the early operas, madrigals were performed between the acts, without necessarily having any connection with them, the word came to be applied to any species of intermezzo. măd -riër, măd -ri-er, s. [Fr.]

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1. A thick, iron-plated plank, having a cavity to receive the mouth of a petard, which is applied to

a gate or other obstacle to be blown down.

2. A beam laid in a ditch to support a wall; or in

a mine or bomb-proof to support a side or roof.

3. A plank lined with tin and covered with earth to form roofs over certain portions of military works to afford protection against fires in lodgments, &c.

măd -ri-gal, s. [Ital. madrigale for mandrigale, from mandra a herd; Lat. mandra a stall, a stable; Gr. mandra; Sp. & Port. madrigal. Grove's Dict. Music suggests the alternative etyms.: (1) Ital. madre=mother, as the first madrigals were addressed to the Virgin mother; (2) a corruption of Sp. madrugada the dawn, used as Ital. mattinata =morning song; (3) from the name in Old Castile.] 1. Poet.: A little amorous poem, sometimes also called a pastoral poem, containing some delicate and tender though simple thought, and consisting of not less than three or four stanzas or strophes. Madrigals were first composed in Italy, those of Tasso being accounted among the finest specimens centuries especially the writing of madrigals flourof Italian poetry. In the sixteenth and seventeenth ished in England, the chief writers being Suckling, Carew, Lodge, and Withers.

2. Music: An important species of vocal polyphonic composition which reached its highest development between the middle of the sixteenth and the middle of the seventeenth centuries. Madrigals are of various kinds-(1) Simple melodies accompanied by other parts not containing counterpoint or imitation; (2) elaborate compositions full of contrapuntal devices, sometimes consisting of two or more movements. Strictly speaking, madrigals are an unaccompanied class of pieces; a few, however, have been written with instrumental accompaniments. Madrigals are always sung by several voices to each part. The number of parts in which they were written varies from three to ten; but the favorite number of parts during the classical period above named was five or six.

măd-ri-gal-I-an, a. [Eng. madrigal; -ian.] Of or pertaining to madrigals. măd-ri-gal-Ist, s. [Eng. madrigal; ist.] A writer or composer of madrigals. *măd -ri-gal-ler, s. [Eng. madrigal; er.] A writer or composer of madrigals.

Măd-ri-lén'-Y-ạn, a. & s. [See def.]

A. As adj.: Of or pertaining to Madrid.

B. As subst.: A native or inhabitant of Madrid. ma-dris-sa, s. [MEDRISSA.]

măd-wort, s. [A corruption of Eng. madderwort.] Botany:

1. Asperugo, and specially A. procumbens, more fully termed German Madwort.

2. The genus Alyssum. (Loudon.) mãe, ma, moe, a. [A. S. ma=more.] More. (Scotch.)

father; we, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sïre, sir,

marine; go, pot,

mæandrina

mæ-ǎn-dri-na, s. [MEANDRINA.] Mæ çê -năs, s. [Lat., the name of the prime minister and intimate friend of Augustus, died B. C. 8.] (See extract.)

"The name of Marcenas has been made immortal by Horace and Virgil, and is popularly used to designate an accomplished statesman, who lives in close intimacy with the greatest poets and wits of his time, and heaps benefits on them with the most delicate generosity."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xxiv.

mæg bote, s. [A. S. mag=kinsman, and bote= compensation.] Compensation for the murder or killing of a kinsman.

mäel-strom, s. [Danish millstream.] A celebrated whirlpool near the island of Moskoe, off the coast of Norway. It is especially dangerous in winter, when it rages so furiously as to be heard many miles off, and to swallow up small vessels which approach it.

maen, mane, v. i. [MOAN, v.]

mæ-na, s. [Lat., from Gr. mainē a small seafish which was salted.]

Ichthy. The typical genus of the sub-family Manides (q. v.). The common species, Mana vulgaris inhabits the Mediterranean, feeding on small fish and naked mollusks.

mæ -năd, s. [Gr. mainas (genit. mainados), from mainomai to be mad. A woman who took part in the orgies of Bacchus; hence, a raving, frenzied

woman.

mæ -ni-dēş, s. pl. [Lat. mæn(a); masc. or fem. adj. suff. -ides.] Ichthy.: A sub-family of Sparidae, having the mouth protrusible. The species abound in the Mediterranean. mæ-nür -a, s. [MENURA.] *maer, *maör, s. [Gael. maor, maoir- an underbailiff.] A steward of the royal lands under the mormaer or great steward. [MORMAER.]

mæ -şa, s. [Latinized from maas, the Arabic name of the species.]

Bot. The typical genus of the tribe Mæseæ. It consists of trees or shrubs, with alternate entire or toothed leaves, and small flowers simple or compound; generally with axillary racemes. They are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia.

mæ -şè æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. mæs (a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -eœ.]

Bot.: A tribe of Myrsinaces. ma-ĕs-tō -sō, adv. [Ital.]

Music: A direction in music that the passage to which it is appended is to be played with dignity, grandeur, and strength.

Mães -tricht, s. [See def.]

Geog.: A town of Holland, on the Maes.
Maestricht-beds, s. pl.

Geol.: A series of calcareous beds a hundred feet thick, on the banks of the Meuse at Maestricht, about the age of the Faxoe beds-i. e., the highest part of the Upper Cretaceous Rocks. Like the chalk immediately below, the Maestricht calcareous rock contains Belemnitella mucronata, Pecten quadricostatus, &c., also the genera Braculites, Hamites, &c., which are only mesozoic. On the other hand, it has the univalve mollusks Voluta and Fasciolaria, genera not commencing elsewhere till the Tertiary. It is a connecting link between the Secondary and the Tertiary Rocks, but in all essential respects belongs to the former. In the Maestricht beds of St. Peter's Mount was found the huge reptile, Mososaurus (q. v.).

ma-és-trō, s. [Ital.] A master in any art; specif., a master in music, a composer.

ma-feie, adv. [O. Fr.=my faith.] By or on my faith.

*măf-file, r. i. [O. Dut. maffelen, moffelen=to stammer: Prov. Ger. maffeln, vaffeln to prattle. It is probably of imitative origin. To stammer. "The familiar friends and schollers of Aristotle (did imitate him] in his stammering and maffling speech."-P. Holland: Plutarch, p. 74.

*măf-filer, subst. [Eng. maffl(e); -er.] One who stammers or stutters; a stammerer.

"Who enjoyne stutters, stammerers, and mafflers to sing."-P. Holland: Plutarch, p. 535.

măg, s. [A contraction for magpie (q. v.).]

1. A halfpenny. (Eng. Slang.)

"It can't be worth a mag to him."-Dickens: Bleak House, ch. liv.

2. Talk, chatter. (Slang.)

"If you have any mag in you."-Mad. D' Arblay: Diary, 1. 100.

*măg-a-dis, s. [Gr. magadis.]

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I. Ordinary Language:

mine, and this, on being combined with hydrochloric acid, forms the Magdala-red of commerce. It is a dark-brown, somewhat crystalline powder, possessing a tinctorial power equal to fuchsine, but surpassing it in being a very fast color.

măg -da-lěn, s. [After Mary Magdalene (Luke vii. 36-50), though it is not universally accepted that she was the woman referred to in the passage.] A reformed prostitute; an inmate of a female peni

tentiary.

magdalen-hospital, magdalen-asylum, s. An asylum or institution for the reception of prostitutes, with a view to their reformation; a female penitentiary.

1. A storehouse or receptacle in which any things formed at Marseilles in 1272. Similar communities
An order of Penitents of St. Magdalen was
are stored; a warehouse.
followed at Naples and Metz. The Magdalen Hos-
pital in London was founded in 1758.

"Stores from the royal magazine I bring; And their own darts shall pierce the prince and king." Pope: Homer's Odyssey xxii. 156. 2. A pamphlet or journal periodically published, and containing miscellaneous essays or compositions.

II. Technically:

prac

1. Fort.: A building, vault, or apartment designed for the storage of ammunition, gunpowder, and other explosive substances. Magazines in field fortifications are constructed in the most sheltered parts of the work, partly underground where ticable, and are lined with timber or with gabions, the ceiling being of timber or railway metals. The whole is covered with a sufficient thickness of earth to render the structure bomb-proof. Permanent magazines are usually constructed of brick, and and should be surrounded by an earthen mound, so that in case of explosion the tendency of the explosive force may be upward.

"Here, throughout the siege, had been
The Christians' chiefest magazine."
Byron: Siege of Corinth, xxi.

2. Firearms: A chamber in a gun containing a succession of cartridges, which are fed one by one automatically, and loaded at the breech of the gun. [MAGAZINE-RIFLE.]

3. Naut.: On shipboard the magazine is an apartment placed sufficiently below the water-line to be safe, under ordinary contingencies, from the enemy's shot. It is lined with sheet-copper, and has tiers of shelves on three sides and in the middle for the reception of the copper canisters, in which the cartridges for the heavy guns are contained.

4. Domestic: A chamber in a stove or furnace containing a supply of fuel, which falls or is fed into the combustion chamber as the fire consumes that previously introduced.

magazine cartridge-box, subst. A cartridge receiver attached to a gun, or to the person near the gun, to facilitate loading. magazine-rifle, s.

Firearms: (For def. see extract.)

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itself-presumably in the butt-a magazine or reservoir By a magazine-rifle is meant a rifle that contains within (holding a limited number of cartridges), combined with a mechanical action which, by trigger pressure only-or at all events with the aid of one other motion-performs all the functions of loading; so that, the magazine being filled beforehand, the firer can repeat his shots almost as quickly as he can take aim and fire."-Saturday Review. magazine-stove, s. A stove in which is a fuelchamber which supplies coal to the fire as that in the grate burns away.

*măg-a-zîne, v. t. & i. [MAGAZINE, 8.]

măg-da-lĕ on, s. [Gr. magdalia=the crumb of

bread. Medicine: 1. A pill.

2. A roll of plaster.

Măg ́-dě-burg, s. [See def.]
Geog.: A town on the Elbe.

Magdeburg Centuries, s. pl.

Church Hist.: The name given to the first comprehensive work by Protestant divines on Church history, The name is appropriate because it was planned and begun at Magdeburg, and because it was divided into centuries. Baronius wrote his Annales Ecclesiastici in reply to the Centuries [CENTURIATOR.}

Magdeburg-hemispheres, s. pl. A device for ascertaining the amount of atmospheric pressure on a given surface, consisting of hemispheres of brass whose edges are carefully ground together to make an air-tight joint. The experiment originated with Otto Guericke, burgomaster of Magdeburg, about 1654. The edges of the hemispheres, being greased with oil or tallow, are brought together, and a stop-cock in one of them screwed into the The cock being center of an air-pump plate. opened, and a few strokes of the pump made, the sphere is thus exhausted of contained air, and, the cock being closed, is removed from the plate and affixed to a handle, and is ready for the illustration of the atmospheric pressure. Nearly fifteen pounds of force to the square inch will be required to draw them asunder. To separate them readily, it is only necessary to open the stop-cock and re-admit air.

*mage, s. [Lat. magus; Gr. magos=a Magian, one of a Median tribe, an enchanter, a magician.] [MAGI.] A magician."

"The hardy maid. "the dreadful Mage there found Depe busied 'bout worke of wondrous end." Spenser: F. Q., III. iii. 14. Măng ěl lăn-c. a. [See def.] Pertaining to Magellan, a celebrated Portuguese navigator. Magellanic-clouds, s. pl. Three conspicuous whitish nebulæ, of a cloud-like appearance, near the south pole.

Magellanic-province, s.

Zool. & Geog.: A marine province including the coasts of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, those of South America from Point Melo on the east to Concepcion on the west.

Ma-gen -ta, s. [See def.]

1. Geog.: A city of Italy, 24 miles N. W. of Pavia, French and Sardinians, June 4, 1859.

A. Trans. To store up, as in a magazine; to celebrated for the defeat of the Austrians by the accumulate for future use.

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Being magazined up in a diary might serve for materials."-North: Examen, p. 222.

B. Intrans.: To conduct or edit a magazine. "Urban or Sylvan, or whatever name

Delight thee most, thou foremost in the fame Of magazining chiefs, whose rival page, With monthly medley, courts the curious age." Byrom: The Passive Participle's Petition. *măg â zîn-êr, s. [Eng. magazin(e); -er.] One who writes in or for a magazine.

"If a magaziner be dull upon the Spanish war he soon has us up again with the ghost in Cock Lane."-Goldsmith: Essay 9.

†măg-a-zîn-Ist, s. [Eng. magazin(e); -ist.] The same as MAGAZINER (q. v.).

"The modern magazinist is a pitiable poetaster."Mortimer Collins: Thoughts in my Garden, i. 102. Măg-da-la, s. [Sce def.]

Geog. The capital of Abyssinia.
Magdala-red, s.

Chem. Naphthaline-red. A beautiful red dye discovered in 1867 by Von Schiendl, at Vienna. It is Music: An instrument of twenty strings, on which prepared from naphthylamine by the elimination music could be played in octaves. of 3 molecules of hydrogen from 3 molecules of the cell, chorus, çhin, bench; go, gem; thin, this;

boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat,

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(1) A whim, a crotchet, an odd fancy.
*(2) A careless, idle fellow.

"You were as great a maggot as any in the world."Bailey: Erasmus, p. 177.

sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

maggot-pie

II. Music: One of the later names given to fancies, airs, and pieces of an impromptu character. The most celebrated of these fancies was that by Moteley or Motley.

*maggot-pie, *maggoty-pie, s. The magpie. "Augurs and understood relations have

By maggot-pies, and choughs, and rooks brought forth

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of a child and the rising or setting of a particular
star, when, in truth, the connection could only be
subjective. (Tylor: Early Hist. Mankind, ch. vi;
Prim. Cult., ch. iv., and Encyc. Brit. (ed. 9th), s. v.
Magic.)

¶ (1) Black magic: Magic proper, or that divis-
ion of it which in former times fell into the hands
of unofficial persons, or was practiced with malefic
intentions.

magistral

Red Sea, and on the coast of Java and the Mauritius.
When young the shell of Magilus is spiral and thus,
as the animal eats its way horizontally through the
living mass of coral, it becomes prolonged into an
irregular tube, filled with solid shell matter, the
animal residing at the extremity. The tube is
sometimes fifteen inches long, and very heavy. The
animal has a concentric lamellar operculum, with
its nucleus near the outer edge. (Woodward.)
*ma-gis-ter, s. [Lat.] Master, sir; a mode of
mag-Is-tër-1-al, a. [Lat. magisterius=belong.
ing to a master; magister=a master.]
I. Ordinary Language:

The secret'st man of blood." Shakesp.: Macbeth, iii. 4. măg'-got-I-ness, s. [Eng. maggoty; -ness.] The quality or state of being maggoty or abounding over the planets, and to the planets an influence address equivalent to the modern Doctor.

with maggots.

măg-got-ish, a. [Eng. maggot; -ish.] Maggoty, whimsical.

mig -gốt-ỹ, a. [Eng. maggot; -.]

(2) Celestial magic: A supposed supernatural power which gave to spirits a kind of dominion

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1. Full of maggots; infested or abounding with of devils or demons involving the supposition of

maggots.

2. Whimsical, capricious.

"The common saying that a whimsical person is maggoty, or has got maggots in his head, perhaps arose from the freaks the sheep have been observed to exhibit when infested by bots."-Kirby & Spence: Introd. to Entomol. ogy, p. 85.

maggot-headed, a. Having a head full of whims; whimsical, capricious.

Ma-gi, s. pl. [MAGE.] The caste of priests among the ancient Medes and Persians; holy men of the East.

The first mention of Magi in history seems to be in Jer. xxxix. 3, 13, where one of Nebuchadnezzar's officers was called Rab-Mag-Chief of the Magi. Herodotus (i. 101) describes them as one of the six Median tribes. Afterward they became the Persian sacred caste. The Greek word in Matt. ii. 1, rendered in the A. V. "wise men," is magoi-Magi. Ultimately the caste sunk into mere magicians [MAGIC.]

mā -gi-an, a. & s. [Eng. magi; -an.]

A. As adj. Of or pertaining to the Magi.

B. As substantive:

(5) White magic:

(a) Magic practiced for the benefit of others. [WHITE-WITCH.]

"The practice of white-magic is not contrary to the precepts of the Mahometan] religion."-Athenæum.

(b) The art of performing tricks and exhibiting illusions by aid of apparatus, excluding feats of dexterity in which there is no deception, together with the performance of such automaton figures as are actuated in a secret and mysterious manner. (Encyc. Brit., ed. 9th.)

magic-circle, s. A circle invented by Dr. Franklin, founded upon the same principles and possessing similar properties with the magic square of squares.

1. One of the Persian Magi; a priest of the Zoro- scribed it in his Ars magna Lucis et Umbra. The

astrian religion. 2. A magician.

"Leave her to me, rejoined the magian."

Keats: Cap and Bells, lx. Ma'-gi-an-işm, s. [Eng. magian; -ism.] The doctrines or philosophic tenets of the Magi. [ZOROASTRIANISM.]

mag-lc, *mag ike, mag-ick, a. & s. [French magique magical, from Lat. magicus; Gr. magi. kos, from magos one of the Magi, an enchanter, a magician; mageia=magic; Sp., Port. & Ital. magico-magical; Sp. & Ital. magia=magic.]

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"An epic scarce ten centuries could claim,
While awe-struck nations hail'd the magic name."
Byron: English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.
5. Done or produced by or as if by magic.

"And that distill'd by magic flights,
Shall draw him on to his confusion."
Shakesp.: Macbeth, iii. 3.

B. As substantive:
1. The art or pretended art of putting in action
the power of spirits; the science or art of producing
preternatural effects by the medium of super-
natural means, or the aid of departed spirits, or the
occult powers of nature; sorcery, enchantment,

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a name.

magic-lantern, s. An instrument by which the
images of objects, usually, but not always, trans-
parent, and paintings or diagrams drawn upon
glass are exhibited, considerably magnified, upon a
wall or screen. Its invention has been attributed
to Roger Bacon about the year 1261, but it was first
generally made known by Baptista Porta in his
Natural Magick, and by Kircher, 1669-70, who de-
instrument consists of a case or box to confine all
scattered rays from some powerful light which
occupies the center, and which may be aided by a
reflector. On one side of the box powerful lenses
condense the diverging rays upon the painting or
other object, which slides in a sort of stage. Another
object-glass, or focussing lens, usually achromatic,
throws the image of the highly illuminated object
upon the screen, the focus being adjusted by sliding
this lens nearer to or farther from the object,
usually by a rack and pinion. The magnitude of
the image depends upon the relative distances of
the object from the lens, and of the lens from the
screen. Powerful lanterns give a brilliant picture
twenty feet in diameter of a slide three inches in
diameter.

magic-square, s. A square figure formed by a
series of numbers in mathematical proportion, so
disposed in parallel and equal rows that the sum of
the numbers in each row or line, taken perpendicu
larly, horizontally, or diagonally, are equal.
magic-tree, s.

Bot.: Cantua burifolia, a native of Peru. The
name Magic-tree is a rendering of the native Indian

name.

măg -Ic-al, *măg-Ic-all, a. [Eng. magic; -al.]
1. Of or pertaining to magic.

2. Having magic or supernatural powers. (Said
of things.)

"Some have fancied that envy has a certain magical force in it."-Steele: Spectator, No. 19.

*3. Having the power of using magic. (Said of
persons.)

4. Acting or produced as if by magic.
"Arkwright had yet not taught how it might be worked
up with a speed and precision which seem magical."—
Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. iii.

Magic differs from magical in that the former
is not used predicatively; thus we say the effect
was magical, but we speak of a magic lantern.
măgic-al-ly, adv. [Eng. magical; -ly.] In a
magical manner; by or as if by magic.
ma-gi-cian, *ma-gi-ci-en, s. [Fr. magicien.]
One skilled in magic; one who practices magic or
the black art; a sorcerer, an enchanter, a necro-

mancer.

"He sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof."-Genesis xli. 8.

ma-gilp', ma-gilph', s. [Etym. doubtful.]

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3. Of or pertaining to a magistrate. "The plump convivial parson often bears The magisterial sword in vain." Cowper: Task, iv. 596. *4. Of the rank of a magistrate. *II. Chem.: Pertaining to magistery. *măg-is-tër-1-ǎl ́-i-tỷ, subst. [Eng. magisterial; -ity.] Domination.

"When these statutes were first in the state or magis

teriality thereof."-Fuller: Ch. Hist., IX. iv. 11.
măg-is-tër-1-al-lỹ, adv. [Eng. magisterial; -ly.]
1. In a magisterial manner; with the air of a
master; arrogantly, despotically, dogmatically.
"The claim of infallibility, or even of authority to pre
scribe magisterially to the opinions and consciences of
men, whether in an individual, or in assemblies and col-
lections of men, is never to be admitted."-Bp. Horsley,
vol. ii., ser. 15.

2. As a magistrate; in the capacity of a magistrate.

"A downright advice may be mistaken, as if it were

spoken magisterially."-Bacon: Advice to Villiers.
măg-is-tër-1-al-ness, s. [English magisterial;
-ness. The quality or state of being magisterial; the
air and manner of a master; haughtiness, impari-
ousness.

"Peremptoriness is of two sorts; the one a magisterial. mess in matters of opinion; the other a positiveness in relating matters of fact: in the one we impose upon men's understandings, in the other on their faith."-Government of the Tongue.

mag-is-tĕr-y, s. [Lat. magisterium, neut. sing. of magisterius pertaining to a master.] I. Ordinary Language:

1. A magisterial injunction; an order given with authority. 2. A medicine or remedy supposed to be of excep tional efficacy; a magistral.

*II. Chem.: (See extract.)

"Although magistery be a term variously enough employed by chymists, and particularly used by Paracelsus to signify very different things; yet the best notion I know of it, and that which I find authorized even by Par acelsus in some passages, where he expresses himself more distinctly is, that it is a preparation whereby there is not an analysis made, of the body assigned, nor an extraction of this or that principle, but the whole, or very near the whole body, by the help of some additament, greater or less, is turned into a body of another kind." Boyle: Works, i. 637.

măg'-is-tra-ç, s. [Eng. magistra(te); -cy.] 1. The office or dignity of a magistrate.

"That indistinct and fluctuating character which be longs to the accounts of the origins of the other ancient magistracies."-Lewis: Cred. Early Roman Hist. (1855), ii. 36.

2. The whole body of magistrates collectively.
măg-is-tral, *măg -is-trall, a. & s. [Lat. mag.
istralis, from magister a master.]
A. As adjective:

magistrate; magisterial.
1. Of or pertaining to a magistrate; suiting a

"Your assertion of the original of set forms of liturgy, I justly say is more magistrall than true, and such as your own testimonies confute."-Bp. Hall: Answer to the Vind. of Smectumnuus, § 2.

2. Of or pertaining to a sovereign remedy or medicine; acting as a sovereign remedy.

"Let it be some magistrall opiate."-Bacon: Hist. of Life and Death, p. 29.

TA belief in magic is to be reckoned among the earliest growths of human thought. It is everywhere present, in a greater or less degree, in an inverse ratio to the progress of civilization. Outlying races and castes and sects, once dominant, but which have now lost their supremacy, are credited with the possession of supernatural powers by those who have succeeded to the lost position. Thus gypsies and clairvoyants reap a rich harvest from the credulity of many unlearned, superstitious people. It is noteworthy that in Ireland miraculous power is attributed to suspended-or, as they are euphemistically called "blessed "-priests, rather than to the ordinary clergy. (Carleton: Traits; The Liankan Shee.) The practice of magic had its origin in the belief in an objective connection between two things-a man and a rude drawing or (1) The line where the scarp, if prolonged, would image of him, or two events-as between the birth intersect the top of the coping or cordon. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll, father; wē, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sïre, sir,

Art: A vehicle for colors, consisting of linseed which has been long exposed to the oxidizing influence of the air mixed with a certain proportion of mastic varnish. (Weale.)

măg-Il-us, s. [Latinized from native name.] Zool.: A genus of siphonostomatous gasteropods, family Buccinidae. It contains but one species, Magilus antiquus, parasitic in live corals in the

3. Applied to a preparation prescribed extemporaneously or for the occasion; as distinguished from an officinal medicine, or one kept prepared in the shops.

B. As substantive:

1. Fortification:

marîne; gỗ, pot,

magistrality

(2) The guiding line which defines the first figure of the works of a fortification. Called also magistral line.

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magnesian-alum, s.

Min.: The same as PICKERINGITE (q. v.). magnesian-limestone, s.

2. Med.: A sovereign medicine or remedy. "I finde a vaste chaos of medicines, a confusion of receipts and magistrals, amongst writers, appropriated to and means of payment, and that no man be deprived of of carbonate of lime and carbonate of magnesia, this disease, some of the chiefest I will rehearse."-Bur

ton: Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 382.

3. Metall.: A substance obtained from copper pyrites (or raw magistral), which is found in many parts of Mexico. These cres, according to Napier, contain from 7:47 to 1375 per cent. of copper. It is reduced to powder by dry stamping and grinding. It is used especially in the patio process of amalgamation. Some authorities state that the copper pyrites are roasted and ground, but this would seem to detract from their activity, which is due to the action of their sulphuric acid upon the salt, liberating muriatic acid.

măg-is-trǎl-1-tỷ, s. [English magistral; -ity.] Despotic authority, as in matter of opinion; dog

matism.

"The physicians have frustrated the fruit of tradition and experience by their magistralities, in adding, and taking out, and changing."-Bacon: On Learning, bk. ii. mag-is-tral-1y, adv. [Eng. magistral; -ly.] In a magistral manner; magisterially, dogmatically, despotically.

măg-is-trănd', s. [Low Latin magistrandus, gerund of magistro to make a master of, to confer a degree on, from Lat. magister a master.] In the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, a student in arts in the last year of his curriculum.

măg -Is-trate, *mag-e-strat, *maj-es-trat, s. [Fr. magistrat, from Lat. magistratus=(1) a magis tracy, (2) a magistrate, from magister=a master; Ital. magistrato; Sp. magistrado.] A public civil officer, invested with legislative, executive, or judicial authority. In a narrower sense this term includes only inferior judicial officers, as justices of the peace. The President is the chief magistrate of the United States; the governors are the chief magistrates of their respective states. [JUSTICE.] "He who was the magistrate, after long abusing his powers, has at last abdicated them."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. x

măg-Is-trăt -lc, mag-is-trat-ick, mag-istrat-i-cal, a. [Eng. magistrat(e); -ic, -ical.] Of or pertaining to a magistrate or magistrates; having the authority of a magistrate.

"Not of the internal and essential glory which is in magistratic or ecclesiastic power and order."-Bp. Taylor: Artificial Handsomeness, p. 169.

4. Relating to Freemen Generally. That right or justice be not sold, or refused, or delayed: That no freeman be imprisoned, or lose his freehold, or free customs, or be outfawed, or otherwise punished, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land: That no person be fined to his utter ruin, but only according to his offense, his instruments of labor: That all men may travel out of the kingdom, and return when they please: That a man may make what will he pleases, and, dying without one, the law shall make one for him: and that the Court of Common Pleas shall no longer follow the king's person, but be held in some certain place, and be open to all. It will be seen from the following extract that Magna Charta no longer exists in the letter: "Just before the weary Commons adjourned, they read a third time, and passed a bill repealing a number of obsolete statutes, among which was Magna Charta. It was obvious that the spirit of the Great Charter had long since been embodied in a number of Acts of ParliaKing John and that of Queen Victoria."-London Daily ment and legal decisions ranging between the time of Telegraph.

rights and privileges. 2. Any fundamental constitution guaranteeing

*măg nǎl-I-tỷ, s. [Lat. magnalis=great, from magnus=great.] A great deed or feat; something above the common.

*măg-năn'-I-māte, v. t. [Lat. magn(us)=great, and Eng. animate.] To cheer; to make great hearted.

"Present danger magnanimates them."-Howell: Dodona's Grove, p. 4.

măg-na-nim-1-tỷ, *mag-na-nim-i-tee, s. [Fr. magnanimité, from Lat. magnanimitatem, accus. of magnanimitas, from magnanimus = magnanimous (q. v.); Ital. magnanimità; Sp. magnanimi dad.] The quality or state of being magnanimous; that elevation and dignity of soul which encounters danger or trouble with tranquillity and firmness, which raises the possessor above revenge, which makes him disdain injustice and meanness, which prompts him to act and make sacrifices for noble objects, and which makes him delight in acts of benevolence and usefulness.

măg-năn-1-moŭs, a. [Lat. magnanimus-greatsouled, from magnus = great, and animus = the mind; Fr. magnanime; Ital. & Sp. magnanimo.] 1. Great of mind; elevated and dignified in soul or sentiment; above what is mean, low, or ungenerous; brave, high-souled.

"For he was great of heart, magnanimous, courtly, cour

ageous."

Longfellow: Miles Standish, iii. 2. Dictated by, characteristic of, or springing tmag-is-tra-ture, s. [Fr., from magistrat a from magnanimity; noble, generous; as, a magmagistrate.] Magistracy.

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Reticulated Magma:

Anat.: The gelatinaform substance found be tween the chorion and the amnion in the early period of embryonic existence.

Măg -na Chăr -tạ, Măg ́-nạ Căr-ta, s. [Lat., the Great Charter.]

1. Originally the Great Charter of the liberties of England and subsequently of the whole civilized world (Magna Charta Libertatum), signed and sealed by King John at the demand of his barons, at Runnymede, on June 19, 1215. It was several times confirmed by his successors. Its most impor

tant articles were:

1. Relating to the Church. That the church should possess all its privileges inviolate, especially freedom of election to benefices.

2. Relating to the Barons. That reliefs be limited to a fixed sum, according to the rank of the tenant: That aids be demanded only in the three cases-knighthood of the eldest son, marriage of the eldest daughter, and the ransom of the king's person; in every other case neither aid nor sentage to be imposed but with the consent of the council: That guardians in chivalry may not waste the estate, nor marry the heir during minority; nor to their disparagement, nor compel widows to marry: That the forest law be mitigated: and that whatever privileges the king grants his vassals, they in like manner shall grant to theirs.

nanimous action.

măg-năn'-I-moŭs-ly, adv. [Eng. magnanimous; ly. In a magnanimous manner; with magnanimity; with dignity or elevation of soul or sentiment; bravely.

mag-nate, s. [Fr. magnat, from Lat. magnatem, accus. of magnas prince, from magnus=great; Sp. & Ital. magnate.]

1. A person of rank, position, note, or distinction in any line or sphere."

"The lives and estates of the magnates of the realm had been at his mercy."-Macaulay Hist. Eng., ch. iv.

2. One of the nobility or certain high officers of state forming the House of Magnates in the national representation of Hungary, and formerly of

Poland.

*măg'-nēş, s. [Lat., from Gr.] A magnet. *magnes-stone, s. A magnet.

"A hideous rocke is pight Of mightie magnes-stone."

Spenser: F. Q., II. xii. 4. măg-nē-si-a (s as sh), s. [MAGNESIUM.] 1. Min.: The same as PERICLASE (q. v.). 2. Pharm.: If administered in small doses, magnesia acts as an antacid; if in quantity beyond what is necessary to neutralize acids in the stomach, it passes undigested into the intestines, and may form concretions. The salts of magnesia are purgatives. It is given as a lithontriptic, from its power of dissolving uric acid, and in gouty diseases. (Garrod.)

magnesia-alba, s.

Chem. & Phar.: A complex mixture of various bulky white powder by precipitating soluble magcarbonates of magnesia. It is obtained as a light, nesia salt with sodic carbonate.

magnesia-water, s.. A kind of aerated water produced by impregnating carbonate of magnesia in solution with ten times its weight of carbonic acid.

3. Relating to Traders. That London and other towns retain their ancient privileges: That there be one weight and measure throughout the realm: and that freedom of commerce be granted to foreign merchants. boll, boy; pout, Jowl; cat, çell, chorus, çhin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; -cian,

măg-nē-si an (s as sh), a. [Eng. magnesi(a); an.] Of or pertaining to magnesia; partaking of the qualities of magnesia; containing or resembling magnesia.

Petrol., Geol. & Palæont.: A limestone composed the proportion of the latter sometimes being nearly fifty per cent. It effervesces much more slowly with acids than common limestone (carbonate of lime). It is sometimes earthy, sometimes hard and compact. One variety of it is dolomite (q. v.). This Rutley makes a synonym of magnesian-limestone. The typical kind of magnesian-limestone, generally associated with marl slate, is from the Middle Permian. Its characteristic fossils are Schizodus schlo (Lyell.) It was theimi, Mytilus septifer, &c. originally formed in large measure of the remains of marine animals.

magnesian-pharmacolite, s.

Min.: The same as BERZELIITE (q. v.). măg-nē-şic, a. [Eng., &c., magnes(ia); -ic.] Contained in or derived from magnesia (q. v.). magnesic-carbonate, s.

Chem.: MgO CO. Is found native in rhombohe dral crystals, imbedded in talc slate. magnesic-chloride, s.

Chem.: MgCl2. Is found in sea water or in salt deposits, or may be prepared by dissolving maguesia in hydrochloric acid. It is a white crystalline powder, having a pearly luster and sharp bitter taste, soluble in water and in alcohol.

magnesic-oxide, s.

Chem.: MgO. Produced by burning magnesium in the air or in oxygen gas, or by heating to a red heat magnesia alba. It is a soft white powder, almost insoluble in water. It is known in com merce as calcined magnesia.

magnesic-phosphate, s.

Chemistry: Mg HPO 7H2O. Crystallizes in small colorless prismatic crystals, soluble in about 1,000 parts of cold water. Caustic alkalies precipitate, from solutions of magnesium salts, gelatinous mag nesic hydrate, insoluble in an excess of the precipi tant, but soluble in ammonic chloride. Ammonio phosphate gives a white crystalline precipitate, insoluble in ammonia.

magnesic-sulphate, s.

Chem.: MgO SO3'7H2O. Commonly called Epsom salts, is found in sea water and in many mineral springs. It is now manufactured in large quanti ties by dissolving magnesian limestone in dilute sulphuric acid, and filtering from the insoluble calcic sulphate. It is soluble in water, has a nauseous bitter taste, and possesses purgative proper ties; it is also used in dressing cotton goods, and in anilino dyeing.

măg-nēş -I-ni-tèr, măg-nêş -l-ni-tre (re as ter), s. Eng. magnesi(a), and niter.]

Min.: The same as NITROMAGNESITE (q. v.). măg-nēş-in-phyll-ite, s. [Eng. magnesi(a); n connective, and Gr. phyllon=leaf.] Min.: The same as BRUCITE (q. v.). măg-nēş-1-ō-fĕr-rite, s. [Eng. magnesi(a); o, and Eng. ferrite.]

Min.: An isometric mineral occurring in simple octahedrons, and in octahedrons with planes of the rhombic dodecahedron. Hardness, 6-65; specific gravity, 4568-4654; luster, metallic color and streak, black. Strongly magnetic. Composition: Magnesia, 20; sesquioxide of iron, 80. Found associated with laminar hæmatite as a sublimation product about the fumaroles of Vesuvius. Artifi cially formed by heating together magnesia and sesquioxide of iron subjected to the action of the vapor of hydrochloric acid.

măg -něş-ite, s. [English magnes (ia); suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: A mineral belonging to the group of rhom bohedral carbonates, consisting essentially of car bonate of magnesia, having the formula MgOCO2, but in the crystallized forms having more or less of the magnesia replaced by protoxide of iron, forming ferriferous varieties like breunnerite (q. v.). The crystallized varieties present a perfectly rhom bohedral cleavage; luster vitreous; color white to various shades of brown. The massive and purer kinds are white, mostly compact; luster dull; fract and groups the ferriferous carbonates of magnesia ure resembling unglazed porcelain. The Brit. Mus. Cat. reserves this name for the pure mineral only, under ankerite, breunnerite, and mesitite (q. v.). Used in the manufacture of Epsom salts.

Magnesite formerly included meerschaum (q.v.). Brongniart, in 1802, and subsequent French mineralogists, still used this name for the silicate. măg-nē-si-um (s as sh), s. [Latinized from Magnesia, a city in Asia Minor.]

Chem.: A diatomic metallic element; symbol, Mg: atomic weight, 244; specific gravity 1743. Fuses sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

magnesium-chloride

and volatilizes at a red heat. Magnesic sulphate (Epsom salts) was known in the middle of the seventeenth century, but the metal was first isolated by Davy. The compounds of magnesium are widely distributed in nature, occurring as magnesite, MgO CO; ophite or serpentine, MgO3Si20; talc, MgO 4SisO6; dolomite, kainite, epsomite, &c. It may be obtained by the electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride, or by reducing magnesium chloride with metallic sodium. Itis a brilliant metal, almost as white as silver, and preserves its luster in dry air. It is more brittle than silver at ordinary temperature; but at a higher temperature it becomes malleable, and may be pressed into the form of wire or ribbon. Magnesium ribbon may be ignited at the flame of a candle, and burns with a dazzling bluish-white light, rich in chemically active rays, a property which has led to its use in photography. When burned in an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas, it decomposes the gas, forming magnesic oxide, and throwing down the carbon in powder. Magnesium dissolves in dilute acids, with violent evolution of hydrogen, but it does not decompose water

even at 100°.

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magnesium-ethide, s.

Chem.: Mg(C2H5)2. A colorless mobile liquid, obtained by heating ethyl iodide with magnesium filings to 130°. It possesses an alliaceous odor, takes fire when exposed to the air, and is violently decomposed by water, with the formation of magnesium hydroxide.

magnesium-lamp, s. A lamp in which magnesium is burnt for illuminating purposes. They are of two kinds; one for the combustion of magnesium in the form of a ribbon; in the other magnesium is used in a state of powder, mixed with fine silver sand.

magnesium-light, s. The light produced by the combustion of magnesium. Its intensity is almost equal to that of the electric arc, but its flickering nature and the large quantity of magnesia vapor given off are objections to its use.

magnesium-methyl, s.

Chem. Mg(CH3)2. A strongly smelling mobile liquid, produced when methyl iodido is heated with magnesium filings. It takes fire on exposure to the air, and is readily decomposed by water, with formation of marsh-gas and magnesium hydroxide. magnesium-silicate, s. Min.: The same as ENSTATITE, FORSTERITE, HUMITE, MEERSCHAUM, SERPENTINE, and TALC (q. v.).

magnesium-sulphate, s.

Min.: The same as EPSOMITE and KIESERITE (q. v.)

Magnesium-borate= Boracite; Magnesium-carbonate Magnesite; Magnesium-fluophosphate Wagnerite: Magnesium-fluosilicate Chondrodite; Magnesium-hydrate Brucite; Magnesium-hydrocarbonate Hydromagnesite; and Magnesium

=

nitrate=Nitromagnesite.

măg-nět,*mag-nete, s. [O. Fr. magnete, manete, from Lat. magnetem, accus. of magnes (lapis) = magnesian (stone), from Gr. Magnes (genit. Magnētos) = magnesian; Ital. & Sp. magnete.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. Literally:

(1) The loadstone (q. v.).

(2) In the same sense as II.

2. Fig. Anything which guides; a guide.
"Thus safe through waves the sons of Israel trod;
Their better magnet was the lamp of God."
Harte: Thomas a Kempis; A Vision.

II. Magnetism: A body possessing the property of magnetism (q. v.). Magnets are either permanent or temporary. Permanent magnets were originally natural pieces of magnetic iron-ore. [MAGNETITE.] They now usually consist of bars of steel, which are magnetized either by rubbing them with another magnet, or by coiling a wire round them in a helix,

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magnetic-equator, s. A line passing round the globe near the equator, at every point of which the dip of the needle is nothing. The general inclination of the magnetic to the terrestrial equator is about 127.

magnetic-fluid, s. A hypothetical term now disused, formerly denoting an hypothesis long ago abandoned.

and then sending an electric current through the
wire. The harder the steel the more difficult it is
to magnetize, but the more completely does it retain
its magnetism. Permanent magnets are either
straight or are bent into the form of a horseshoe.
In the latter form the two poles are close together,
and are thus able to act simultaneously on the same region affected by it. In one sense it may be said
magnetic-field, s. The field of a magnet is the
magnetic substance. A magnet consisting of only to be infinite; but the law of inverse squares dimin-
one bar of steel is called a simple magnet; but since ishes the intensity so rapidly that practically the
thin long magnets are more powerful in proportion term is limited to the region sensibly affected by
to their weight, compound magnets are constructed the magnet. The amount of force exerted at any
by fastening together several thin steel bars previ; point is the intensity of the field at that point, and
ously magnetized. Some of these compound is measured by the force exerted upon a unit pole
magnets are very powerful. Far more powerful at the point.
than any permanent magnets are electro-magnets,
which may be either straight or bent into the form
of a norseshoe, and consist of a bar or core of soft
iron, round which is coiled insulated copper wire.
Through this wire an electric current is sent, and
so long as the current passes the iron is a powerful
magnet. The strength of an electro-magnet depends
on the strength of the current and on the number
of coils of wire round the core, and upon various
other circumstances. Electro-magnets have been
made capable of supporting more than a ton. When
iron, termed an armature, is placed in contact with
used for supporting weights, &c., a smooth piece of
the poles of the magnet, the horseshoe form being
generally used, and the armature is provided with
a hook, to which the articles are attached.
to be thrust over an iron core, to make an electro-
magnet-coil, s. A coil of insulated copper wire
magnet.

măg-nět-ic, a. & s. [Eng. magnet; -ic.]
A. As adjective:

I. Literally:

1. Of or pertaining to the magnet or magnetism; having the qualities of a magnet.

2. Pertaining to the earth's magnetism; as, the
magnetic north.

II. Fig.: Attractive, as if magnetic.
"Days, months, and years

Turn swift their various motions, or are turned
By his magnetic beam." Milton: P. L., iii. 583.
*B. As subst. Any metal, such as iron, steel,
nickel, cobalt, &c., which may receive the proper
ties of the loadstone.

"Draw out with credulous desire,

As the magnetic hardest iron draws."

Milton: P. R., ii. 168.
(1) Magnetic points of consequence: The points
(really the magnetic poles of the earth) which
occupy the center of lines of equal dip.

(2) Magnetic poles of the earth: Two nearly oppo-
site points of the earth's surface when the dip of
the needle is 90. They are at a considerable dis-
tance from the poles of the earth.

(3) Point of magnetic indifference: A point near the center of a magnet where no effect is produced. magnetic-amplitude, s.

Astron. The amplitude of a heavenly body as measured by the compass. It differs from the true amplitude by an amount equal to the variation of the compass.

magnetic-azimuth, s.

Navig. The azimuth indicated by the compass. magnetic-battery, s. A combination of several magnets with their poles similarly arranged; a compound magnet.

magnetic-bearing, s.

Naut. The magnetic bearing of a course is the angle included between a course and a magnetic meridian, drawn through the first extremity of the Course.

magnetic-compensator, s.

magnetic-inclination, s. The same as MAGNETIC-DIP (q. v.).

by a magnet upon magnetic bodies in its neighbormagnetic-induction, s. The effect produced hood. Magnetic bodies are rendered magnetic by such neighborhood, and still more by contact, which is called induced magnetism.

magnetic-intensity, s. The greater or less effect produced by a magnet, usually measured by its attractive force. This varies inversely as the square of the distance.

magnetic iron-ore, s.

Min.: The same as MAGNETITE (q. v.). magnetic-ironstone, s. [MAGNETITE.] magnetic-limit, s. A limit of temperature beyond which iron or any other magnetic metal ceases to be affected by the magnet.

magnetic-meridian, s. If a vertical plane be passed through the axis of a magnetic-needle, freely suspended at a point, its intersection with the surface of the earth is called a magnetic meridian of the point. The angle included between this meridian and the true meridian through the point is called the variation of the needle.

magnetic-needle, s. A slender poised bar or plate of magnetized steel. The needle is suspended by a metallic or jeweled center upon a hardened steel pivot. For other instruments needles are often suspended by fine silk threads or even spider-lines. The test of delicacy is the number of horizontal vibrations which the suspended needle will make before coming to rest.

magnetic-north, s. The point of the horizon indicated by the direction of the magnetic needle. magnetic-poles, s. pl. [MAGNET.] magnetic-pyrites, s.

Min.: The same as PYRRHOTITE (q. v.). magnetic-saturation, s. The state of a bar or needle when it has received the greatest amount of magnetic force which can be permanently imparted to it.

magnetic-storms, s. pl. Magnetic disturbances felt simultaneously at places remote from each other. [ELECTRIC-STORM.]

magnetic-telegraph, s. [TELEGRAPH.] magnetic-units, s. pl. The unit pole is one which repels a similar pole distant one centimeter with the force of one dyne. The unit moment is the moment of a magnet one centimeter long, having the unit pole ab ve.

magnetic-variation, s. [VARIATION.]
măg-nět -ic-al, a. & s. [Eng. magnetic; -al.]
A. As adj.: The same as MAGNETIC, a. (q. v.)
*B. As subst.: The same as MAGNETIC, 8. (q. v.)
"Men must presume or discover the like magneticals
in the south."-Browne: Vulgar Errors, bk. ii., ch. iii.
măg-nět-Ic-al-lý, ade. [Eng, magnetical; -1.
In a magnetic manner; by means of magnetism.

Ordnance: A contrivance for neutralizing the
effect of a ship's guns and other iron in deranging
the bearing of the compass. That introduced by
Prof. Airy consists of two magnets placed at right
angles to each other below the compass, and a box [SYMPATHETIC-MEDICINE.]
of small iron chain. The position is determined by
experiment. But as the magnetic effects of the
ship and its contents vary from time to time, so the
compensator has to be readjusted at frequent

intervals.

magnetic-couple, s. [COUPLE.]
magnetic-curves, s. pl. A series of lines or
directions which may be graphically denoted by
iron filings scattered upon a card or pane of glass
placed horizontally upon a magnet and gently
tapped. The beautiful lines into which the filings
are thrown indicate lines of magnetic force.
magnetic needle at a particular place and time, E.
magnetic-declination, s. The variation of the
or W. of the geographical meridian of the spot.
magnetic-dip, s. The dip of the magnetic
needle. [DIP, 8.]

magnetic-elements, s. pl. Intensity, declina-
tion, and dip.

fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll, father; wē, wět, hëre,

măg-nět -ic-al-ness, subst. [Eng. magnetical; -ness.] The quality or state of being magnetic.

"It related not to the instances of the magneticalness of lightning."-History of the Royal Society, iv. 258. măg-ně-ti-cian, s. [Eng. magnetic; -ian.] One skilled in magnetism; a magnetist.

*măg-nět -ic-ness, s. [Eng. magnetic: -ness.] The quality or state of being magnetic; magneticalness.

măg-net-Ics, 8. [MAGNETIC.] The science or principles of magnetism.

fero to bear, to carry; and Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] măg-nět If-ĕr-oŭs, a. [Eng. magnet; Lat. Producing or conducting magnetism.

*măg-nět-Ish, a. [Eng. magnet; -ish.] Somewhat magnetic.

"Some of these iron-stones are magnetish, and draw the iron."-Pettus: Fleta Minor, pt. i., p. 317. camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sïre, sir, cũr, rûle, füll; try, Syrian. æ,

marîne; gō, pot,

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