macavahu

Jewish Hist.: A name applied to a patriotic family whose achievements were most notable. Antiochus Epiphanes, a Syrian king, having been expelled from Egypt by the Romans, relieved his vexation by attempting to put down the Jewish worship. Palestine then being under his sway, the aged Mathathias, priest of Modin, was urged to set his people the example of sacrificing to the Greek gods. In place of doing so, he killed the king's messenger, and escaped to the mountains, his sons being companions of his flight. Their names were John called Caddis, Simon called Thassi, Judas called Maccabæus, in connection with whom the name Maccabees originated, Eleazar called Avaran, and Jonathan called Apphus. The revolt began B. C. 168, and in 165 Judas took Jerusalem, and purified the Temple in commemoration of which the winter festival called the Feast of Dedication was annually kept, and is alluded to in John x. 22. After achieving success, a Maccabean, called also an Asmonean, dynasty reigned for about a century, Herod the Great, slaughterer of the infants of Bethlehem, putting to death Hyrcanus, the last scion of the house, though he was inoffensive, pious, and the high priest.

tion.

The Books of Maccabees: Four books of our present Apocrypha, with a fifth not in that collec1 Maccabees: A work giving an account of the Maccabean struggle, with a simplicity and candor which render its statements eminently credible. It seems to have been written originally in Hebrew by a Palestinian Jew, probably a Sadducee. It never formed part of the Jewish canon or the Christian canons of Melito, Origen, the Council of Laodicea, Cyril, St. Hilary, Athanasius, Jerome, &c. It was first received into the canon by the Council of Hippo (A. D. 393) and that of Carthage (A. D. 397), the modern Council of Trent confirming their decis ion. The Roman Church considers it an inspired production; the Protestant, uninspired but of high historical value.

2 Maccabees: A much less valuable production than 1 Maccabees. It was compiled by a person whose name is not given, from a more extended narrative written by Jason of Cyrene. Jason's book seems to have been published about B. C. 160. The object of the compiler is to exhort the Jews to keep the Jewish faith, and especially to venerate the temple at Jerusalem. The writer gives an incident which he alleges to have occurred during the attempts made by Heliodorus to plunder the temple. He concludes with the victory of Judas Maccabæus over Nicanor, B. C. 161. He has not a critical mind, and some of his narratives have a mythic air.

3 Maccabees: A book narrating events earlier than the Maccabean times. It commences with Ptolemy IV. (Philopator), B. C. 217, wishing to enter the Holy of Holies, the high priest having in vain remonstrated, prayed against him, causing him to be struck with paralysis. Enraged in consequence, the monarch, on reaching Egypt, wreaked his vengeance on the Alexandrian Jews. Most of them having refused at his bidding to be initiated into the orgies of Bacchus, were confined to the Hippodrome, to be trampled to death by 500 drunken elephants. Through divine interposition, the elephants turned on the soldiers instead of attacking the Jews. The king, relenting at the spectacle, set the Jews free. A festival was instituted to commemorate the deliverance. The author seems to have been an Alexandrian Jew, who wrote in Greek. 4 Maccabees: A work written to encourage the Jews, who lived in the midst of a contemptuous heathen population, to remain true to the Jewish faith. Its reasonableness is insisted on, and its power to control the passions and inspire fortitude. As an illustration, the author gives the history of the Maccabean martyrdoms. It seems to have been written A. D. 39 or 40.

5 Maccabees: This work embraced the history of 178 years, from Heliodorus' attempt to plunder the treasury at Jerusalem, B. C. 184, to B. C. 6, when Herod was on the throne. There are many parallelisms with Josephus. It is a valuable historical production. It was a compilation made by a Jew after the destruction of Jerusalem, from ancient Hebrew records. (Ginsburg, in Cycl. Bib. Liter.) ma-ca-va-hu, subst. [Native name.] Callithrix torquatus, a small species of Brazilian monkey. *măc-cō, s. [Etym. doubtful.] A gambling game. mặc -côu ba, mặc-cơ-boy, mac-cu-bau, ma cou-ba, s. [From Maccouba, in Martinique, where the tobacco, from which it is manufactured, is cultivated.] A kind of snuff scented with attar of roses. maçe (1), 8. [O. Fr. mace, mache (Fr. masse), from Lat. *matea=a beetle, formed in the dimin. mateola a beetle, a mallet; Ital. mazza; Sp. & Port. maza.]

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judges, magistrates, and others in authority. It was originally decorated at its summit with canopy-work, and is now generally surmounted by a crown. 3. A macebearer (q. v.).

"He was followed by the maces of the two Houses and by the two speakers."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xi. 4. To make an unlawful assessment; as, for an employe who is a buyer of goods to accept a "present" from the seller. (Slang.)

5. A cheat, a swindle; robbery that the law does not reach. (Slang.)

II. Technically:

ure armor.

face, made by the insertion of pins with egg-shaped 1. Leather: A currier's mallet with a knobbed heads. It is used in leather-dressing to soften and supple the tanned hides, and enable them to absorb the oil. &c. It is analogous to the fulling-hammer. dealing heavy blows, and constructed so as to fract2. Old Armor: A military implement used for soldiers at the saddle-bow, where it was suspended It was frequently carried by horseby a thong which passed through the upper part of the handle; this thong was wound round the wrist to prevent its loss by the force of a blow. It had pointed hammer. In England during the time of many forms: a simple iron club, a spiked club, a the Plantagenets the mace was used in battles and tournaments, and was superseded by the pistol in the time of Elizabeth. The mace is still retained among the Turkish irregular cavalry.

3. Billiards: A heavy rod or cue, used in pushing a ball along the table. (Eng.)

mace-bearer, s. An officer who carries the mace before a judge or other person in authority. (Eng.) "John, Bishop of Lincoln, with purse-bearer, macebearer, six boy-angels playing on musical instruments, and six Latin verses."-Walpole: Catalogue of Engravers, vol. v. *mace-proof, a. Secure against arrest. maçe (2), s. [Fr. macis; Ital. mace; Lat. macis, macir; Gr. maker.] The aril of Myristica moschata. [NUTMEG.]

White Mace that of Myristica otoba.
Red Mace is the aril of Pyrrhosa tingens, and

Reed mace:

Bot. The genus Typha.

Machiavelian

*māç-er (2), s. [Eng. mace (2), s.] A medicinal bark, said to be useful in dysentery.

măç ́-er-āte, v. t. [Lat. maceratus, pa. par. of macero to steep; macer-lean; Greek massō=to knead, to wipe.] 1. To make lean; to wear away.

"Philip, Earl of Arundel macerated himself in a strict course of religion."-Baker: Queen Elizabeth (an. 1595). *2. To mortify; to harass with hardships; to worry.

3. To steep almost to solution; to soften by steeping; to soak; to separate the parts of by the digestive process.

ate and temper our meat."-Ray: On the Creation, pt. ii.

"The saliva, distilling continually, serves well to macer

One who macerates, or an appliance in which anymăç -ĕr-a-ter, s. [Eng. macerat (e), and suff. -er.] thing is macerated.

măç-er-a-tion, s. [Lat. maceratio, from maceratus, pa. par. of macero to macerate; Fr. macération; Sp. maceracion; Ital. macerazione.] 1. The act or process of wasting or making lean. 2. The state of becoming lean or wasted. "A true and serious maceration of our bodies by an

absolute and total refraining from sustenance."-Bishop

Hall: Sermon to His Majesty, March 30, 1628.

*3. The act of harassing or mortifying. 4. The act, process, or operation of softening by steeping, or by the digestive process.

"Eaten in excess [onions] are said to offend the head and eyes, unless edulcorated with a gentle maceration.”— Evelyn: Acetaria.

măc-far-lan-ite, s. [Named after T. Macfarlane; sutf. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: A name given to a granular mixture of reddish-colored grains with other minerals, occurring at Silver Islet, Lake Superior, with metallic silver. This ore appears to contain several supposed new minerals, two of which have been named huntilite (after Dr. T. Sterry Hunt), and animikite (from animikie, the native name for thunder), respectively. The former is assumed from analyses to be an arsenide of silver, with the formula AgзAs; the latter, an antimonide of silver, having the formula AgoSb. But Macfarlane, who has well investigated these minerals and other mineral mixtures contion is necessary before the above can be recognized as mineral species.

#mace-ale, s. Warm ale in which mace has tained in this ore, considers that further examinabeen infused.

Măç-ě-do-ni-an (1), a. & s. [See def.]

A. As adj. Of or pertaining to Macedonia, a district in the north of Greece, or its inhabitants. B. As subst.: A native or inhabitant of Macedonia.

Macedonian-phalanx, s. [PHALANX.]
Măç-ě-đô-ni-ạn (2), a. & 8. [See def.]

A. As adj.: Pertaining to, or in any way conMacedonian heresy. nected with the teaching of Macedonius; as, the

B. As substantive:

Church Hist. (pl.): A sect which came into exist ence toward the end of the Arian controversy, tak ing its name from Macedonius, who became Patriarch of Constantinople in 341. He taught that the Holy Ghost was "subordinate to the Father and to the Son, unlike to them in substance, and a creature." Macedonius, who was a semi-Arian, was deposed by the Arians in 360; and his special tenets were condemned at the Council of Constantinople in 381, where thirty-six bishops were found to support them. In that Council the clause defining the divinity of the Holy Ghost was added to the Nicene Creed. The Macedonians were called also Pneumatomachi.

Măç-ě-do-ni-an-işm, s. [Eng. Macedonian; suff. -ism.] The doctrines of Macedonius, or the practices of his followers.

mă-çěl -lo-don, s. [Gr. makella=a pickax with one point, a kind of spade, and odous (genit. odontos)=a tooth.]

Palæont.: A genus of Lacertilians, founded on portions of upper and lower jaw, with teeth, from a slab of Purbeck freshwater stone. (Owen.) Nicholson (Palæont., ii. 205) says: "These are perhaps the first traces in the stratified series of the Jurassic period of remains, the affinities of which to the typical Lacertida cannot be disputed."

maç -ène, s. [Eng. mac(e); -ene.] Chem.: C10H16. A hydrocarbon present in the volatile oil or mace. It boils at 160, and is distinguished from oil of turpentine by not forming a crystalline hydrate when mixed with alcohol and nitric acid.

māçer (1), s. [Eng. mace (1); -er.]

Scots Law: One of a number of officers attending the Supreme Courts in Scotland, appointed by the Crown. Their duty is to keep silence in the court, and execute the orders of the courts, if addressed to them. They hold their office for life, and are paid by salary. (Chambers.)

çhin, bench; go, gem; thin,

this;

ma-chæ -ri-ŭm, s. [Gr. machairion=a surgeon's knife.]

Bot.: A genus of papilionaceous plants, tribe Dalbergiem. It furnishes the Itakawood of Guiana. Machorium firmum, M. incorruptibile, and M. legale are large trees, which yield an inferior kind of rosewood. They are from Brazil.

knife or dirk, a dagger, a saber, and odous (genit. ma-chai-ro-dŭs, s. [Greek machaira=a large odontos) = a tooth.]

Palæont.: Saber-toothed tiger, a genus of Felida, having the upper canines extraordinarily developed, trenchant, and saber-shaped, with serrated mar gins. In it the organization reaches the highest power of destruction. Range in space through India, the continent of Europe, Britain, and North and South America. Range in time from the Miocene to the close of the Upper Miocene period.

ma-cha-lăth, ma‍-ha-lăth, s. [Hebrew.] This word occurs in the title of Psalms liii. and lxxxviii.: the former is inscribed to the "chief musician upon Mahalath," the latter to the "chief musician upon Mahalath Leannoth." Mahalath is by some author traced (like Machol) to a root meaning pierced or bored; hence it is thought these Psalms were that the term leannoth refers to antiphonal singing, accompanied by flutes. It is generally thought Other writers consider the titles of these and several other Psalms to be a reference to well-known tunes to which they were to be sung. *măçhe, s. [MATCH.]

ma-chê -tê, s. [Sp.] A Spanish implement for cutting cane, corn, vines, &c.

ma-che-teş, s. [Gr. machētēs a fighter, a warrior; mache-a fight.]

Ornith.: A genus of Scolopacidae, containing only one species, Machetes pugnax, the Ruff (q. v.). The name has reference to the pugnacious habits of the bird, and was proposed by Cuvier in his Règne Animal (ed. 1817). It has been adopted by Gould, Selby, and Temminck. Others refer the bird to the genus Tringa (q. v.).

Măch-i-a-ve-li-an, a. & s. [See def.]

A. As adj. Of or pertaining to Nicolo Machiavelli, an Italian writer, secretary and historiog rapher to the republic of Florence; following the example or teaching of Machiavel; politically cunning; crafty; using duplicity or bad faith.

B. As subst.: One who follows the example or teaching of Machiavel.

sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

Machiavelianism

Măch-I-a-vē -li-an-işm, Măch ́-I-a-věl-Işm, s. [Eng. Machiavelian; -ism.] The principles or system of statesmanship taught or carried out by Machiavel: that right should be systematically subordinated to expediency, and that all means might be resorted to, however treacherous or unlawful, for the establishment and maintenance of the power of the ruler over his subjects; political cunning or duplicity.

ma-chic-o-lāte, v. t. [Low Lat. machicolatus, pa. par. of machicolo, machicollo.] [MACHICOLATION.] To form or furnish with machicolations. ma-chic-o-lat-ěd, a. [MACHICOLATE.] Formed

or furnished with machicolations.

"Glared on a huge machicolated tower." Tennyson: Last Tournament.

ma-chic-o-la-tion, s. [Low Lat. machicolamentum, from O. Fr. maschecoulis: Fr. machecoulis, mâchecoulis, machicoulis, a word of doubtful origin; perhaps from O. Fr. masche, Fr. mâche-match, combustible matter, and O. Fr. coulis=flowing.J

1. Arch. & Eng.: An aperture between the corbels supporting a projecting parapet. They were much employed in castellated architecture, and were intended for the purpose of allowing missiles, molten lead, hot pitch, &c., to be hurled or poured down on assailants approaching near the walls.

2. The act of hurling missiles, or pouring molten lead, &c., through the apertures described in 1.

Machicolation.

[Tower over South Gateway at Bodiam Castle, Sussex, England.]

*ma-chi-cot, 8. [Fr.] An obsolete term for one of the chori ministri minores of a cathedral, who, in singing, added passing notes between intervals of the plain-song; or, according to others, added a part to the plain-song at an interval of a third or fourth, thus forming a sort of organum or diaphony. The music thus sung was called machicotage.

ma-chî-cou-lîs' (s silent), s. [Fr.]

Fort.: A projecting gallery with loopholes arranged to obtain a downward fire on an enemy. [MACHICOLATION.]

*mā -chi-na, s. [Lat.] A machine (q. v.). "And the world's machina, Upheld so long, rush into atoms rent." Henry More: On Godliness, p. 42. Deus ex machina: A phrase used to describe the intervention of a god in the classical drama and epic poetry; in modern literature the unexpected introduction of some important personage, or the occurrence of some improbable event to enable a dramatist or novelist to escape from an awkward situation. The allusion is to the machina, a machine by which gods and heroes were represented passing through or floating in the air. Nineteenth century experience has failed to improve on the rule for the introduction of supernatural beings which Horace laid down two thousand years ago.

ma-chîn -al, a. [Lat, machinalis, from machina =a machine; Fr. machinal; Sp. maquinal; Ital. macchinale.] Of or pertaining to a machine or

machines.

mǎch -1-nāte, v. t. & i. [Lat. machinatus, from pa. par. of machinor to contrive; machina = a machine.]

A. Trans. To contrive, to plan, to form, as a plot or scheme.

B. Intrans.: To plot, to scheme.

mǎch-1-na-tion, s. [Latin machinatio, from machinatus, pa. par. of machinor to contrive; Fr. machination; Sp. maquinacion; Ital. macchinazione.]

1. The act of plotting, scheming, or contriving plans or schemes for the accomplishment of some object, generally bad.

"The energy and vigor that is necessary for great evil machinations.Burke: To a Member of the Nut. Assembly. 2. A plot, a plan, a scheme, a contrivance. măch -i-na-tor, s. [Lat., from machinatus, pa. par. of machinor: Fr. machinateur; Sp. maquinador; Ital, macchinatore.] One who machinates, plots, or intrigues with evil designs; a plotter, a schemer.

ma-chîne', *ma-chune, s. [Fr., from Latin machina, from Gr. mechané a contrivance, a machine, from mechos = means, contrivance; Span. maquina; Ital. macchina.]

I. Literally:

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also distinct from a tool, as it contains within itself its own guide for operation. A contrivance by means of which a moving power is made to act upon any body, and communicate motion to it. Machines are simple and compound, complex or complicated. The simple machines are the six mechanical powers: viz., the lever, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the screw. In compound machines two or more of motion, or the application or transmission of force. these powers are combined for the production of Machines employed in the manufacturing arts are named according to their products, as lace-machines, rope-machines, paper-machines; or to the processes they perform, as spinning-machines, printing-machines, sawing-machines, &c. Other machines are classed according to the forces by which they are put in motion, as hydraulic machines, pneumatic machines, &c. The powers employed to transmit or apply force through machines are various, as the muscular strength of men or animals, wind, water, air, gas, electricity, steam, &c. "A great part of the machines made use of in those manufactures in which labor is most subdivided, were originally the inventions of common workmen."-Smith: Wealth of Nations, bk. i., ch. i.

2. An engine; a battering engine.

3. Any complicated body, in which the parts have their several duties or offices.

"We are led to conceive this great machine of the world to have been once in a state of greater simplicity."-Bur net: Theory of the Earth.

II. Figuratively:

1. An engine, a contrivance.

"With inward arms the dire machine they load." Dryden: Virgil's Æneid, ii. 25. 2. A bicycle or tricycle. (Colloquial.) "As we proceeded, the machine became more of an incumbrance."-Field, Dec. 6, 1884.

3. Any organization by means of which a desired effect is produced, or a system carried out; a complex system by which any institution is carried on; machine. as, the machine of government, or a political party

4. A term applied in contempt to one who acts or is willing to act at the will or bidding of another; a tool; one whose actions do not appear to be vol untary or under his own control, but to be directed by some external influence or agency; one who appears to act mechanically and without intelligence. 5. Supernatural agency introduced in a poem, play, or plot, to effect some object, or to perform some exploit; machinery.

machine-gun, s. A rapidly firing cannon. [MITRAILLEUSE.]

machine-head, s.

Music: An arrangement of rack and pinion for the purpose of tightening and keeping in tension the strings of the double-bass, and the guitar, as the ordinary pegs employed to stretch the strings are of unequal leverage.

machine-made, a. Made by machinery, as distinguished from hand-made. machine-man, s.

Print.: The same as MACHINE-MINDER (q. v.). (Eng.)

"My remarks must be taken as those of a workman, ... not as those of a machine-man proper."-J. Gould: Letter press Printer, p. 125.

machine-minder, s.

machine-shop, subst. A workshop in which machines are made, and metal-works, &c., prepared for machinery.

machine-tool, s. directed by guides and automatic appliances. It is A machine in which the tool is a workshop appliance for operating upon materials in the way of shaping and dressing, having devices tools of this class for working in metal may be for dogging the stuff and feeding the tool. Among enumerated the lathe and machines for planing, Machine-tools for wood are lathes, saws of various slotting, shaping, drilling, punching, and shearing. kinds, machines for planing, molding, boring, mortising, dovetailing, rabbeting, tenoning, shaping, &c. machine-work, s. Work done by a machine or machinery, as distinguished from that done by manual labor.

ma-chîne', v. t. & i. [MACHINE. 8.]

A. Trans.: To apply machinery to; to effect by means of machinery; specif., to print by means of a printing-machine.

B. Intrans.: To be employed in or upon machinery.

macilent

mǎch'-I-neěl, s. [MANCHINEEL.]
mạ-chin-ěr, s. [Eng. machin(e); -er.]

1. One who works or attends to a machine; a machinist.

2. A horse employed in working or driving a machine.

ma-chîn -ĕr-y, s. [Eng. machine; -ry.] I. Literally:

1. A general term applied to mechanical combination of parts for collecting, controlling, and using power, or for producing articles of commerce which may otherwise be, more or less perfectly, made by hand. The first class of these combinations is usually distinguished by the name of engines; the second, by that of machines.

2. Machines in general; the machines in any place collectively; as, the machinery in a mill. 3. The working parts of a machine, engine, or instrument designed and constructed to apply and regulate force.

II. Figuratively:

1. Any complex system or combination of means and appliances designed to keep anything in motion or action, or to effect a specific purpose or object, or to carry on any institution or organization; as, the machinery of state.

2. The agencies, especially supernatural, by which the plot of an epic or dramatic poem or play is carried out to its catastrophe.

ma-chîn -ing, pr. par., a. & s. [MACHINE, v.] A. As pr. par.: (See the verb.)

B. As adj.: Acting as a machine, or as a supernatural agency for the carrying out of the plot of an epic or dramatic poem or play; pertaining to the machinery of a poem.

"Of Venus and Juno, Jupiter and Mercury, I say nothing, for they were all machining work.”—Dryden: Virgil's neid. (Dedic.)

C. As subst.: The act or process of working or effecting with a machine; specif., printing by means of a printing-machine.

ma-chin'-Ist, s. [Eng. machin(e); -ist; Fr. machiniste; Ital. macchinista.]

versed in the principles of machinery. 1. One who constructs machines or engines; one

2. One who works or minds a machine. *3. One who devises the machinery of a poem or play.

the imagery of the poet!"-Stevens: General Note on Mac

"Has the insufficiency of machinists hitherto disgraced

beth.

.

"The traveler seems to have machinized the rest of the world for his occasion."-Emerson: English Traits, ch. iii.

ma-chō, s. Span.] A name given in California to the striped mullet.

ma-chōl', mah-hōl', s. [Heb.] A word often found in the Old Testament, associated with "toph" (timbrel), and almost always rendered in the English version by "dances" or "dancing." But some authorities trace the word to a root meaning" pierced" or "bored," and therefore consider it to have been a flute. It is not improbable that machol and toph may mean "pipe and tabor,” but as these two instruments are often associated it, cannot in any case be said to be incorrect. with dancing, our version, and others which follow

ma chrō-min, s. [Eng. ma(clurin); chrom(atic) (from its many changes in color), and -in (Chem.).] Chem. C14H10033H2O. A crystalline compound prepared by boiling a concentrated solution of ing by means of ether. It forms colorless spangles, maclurin with sulphuric acid and zinc, and separatwhich, under the microscope appear as tufts or of machromin in strong sulphuric acid is at first stars of slender needles, soluble in ether, and slightly soluble in water and alcohol. The solution orange-red, then yellow; after warming or dilution with water it is emerald-green, and, on adding an excess of alkali, is changed to a violet.

ma-çi-gnō (gn as ny), s. [Ital.] Petrol. A siliceous sandstone, sometimes containing calcareous grains, mica, &c. *mặc -I-len-gỹ, s. [Eng. macilen(t); -cy.] Lean

ness, thinness.

"That paleness and macilency in their looks and constitutions."-Sandys: Ovid. (Pref.) *măç ́-I-lent, a. [Lat. macilentus, from macies leanness, thinness; macer-thin, lean.] Lean. thin, emaciated.

pine, plt, sïre, sir, marîne; gō, pot.

macintosh

măc-In-tosh, măck-In-tosh, s. [After the name of the inventor.] An overcoat or cloak of cloth made waterproof by treatment with a solution of india-rubber.

*mǎck ́-ĕr-el (1), s. [Old Fr. maquerel; Fr. maquereau=a pander; Dut. makelaar=a broker, a pander; makelen to procure.] A pander, a pimp. măck -er-el (2), *măck-ar-el, *măck-rel, ma-que-rel, 8. [O. Fr. makerel, from the original Latin word (macus or maca), of which macula is a dimin.; cf. Sp. maca a stain, a bruise on fruit. (Skeat.)]

Ichthy. Scomber scomber (Linn.), S. scombrus (Cuv.), the Common European Mackerel. Snout pointing, under jaw projecting, gill-covers large and smooth, pectoral and ventral fins in advance of the dorsal; five finlets above and below the tail, vertically over each other; tail crescent-shaped. Above the lateral line the color is a fine green, varied with rich blue, and marked with broad, dark, descending lines, straight in the males, undulating in the females: under parts silvery with golden tints. The home of the Common Mackerel may be broadly described as the North Atlantic Ocean; it is common in the North Sea, and all round the British and Irish coasts. It is an extremely valua ble food-fish, and the mackerel fishery is only second in importance to the herring and cod fisheries. *mackerel-gale, subst. A strong, fresh breeze. (Dryden: Hind and Panther, iii. 456.) mackerel-guide, s. A name for the Garfish

(q. v.).

mackerel-gull, s.

Ornith.: A popular American name for Sterna hirundo, the Common Tern, because it is supposed to announce the coming of mackerel. (Bartlett.) mackerel-midge, s.

Ichthy.: Couchia glauca, a soft-finned fish, family Gadidae. Habitat, the North Atlantic, appearing in multitudes on the coasts of that sea in May. Length, an inch to an inch and a half. Back black or bluish-green; fins and belly silvery white. Head obtuse, with four projecting barbels, one depending from under jaw.

mackerel-mint, s.

Bot.: A name for Spearmint (Mentha viridis). mackerel-sky, s.

Meteor.: A sky with small roundish masses of cirrocumulus disposed with more or less irregu larity. It is most frequently seen in summer. Called also Mackerel-back sky.

Măck-I-nâw, s. [North American Indian, Mackinac the name of a Michigan town, whence govern; ment stores were once distributed to the Indians.] (See compound.)

Mackinaw-blanket, s. A thick, woolen blanket, very popular in days gone by with western pioneers. *mǎck-In-ny, s. [Etym. doubtful.] A puppet show. (North: Examen, p. 590.)

mǎck-in-tosh, 8. [MACINTOSH.] măc-kle, v. t. [Prob. from make, v. (q. v.)] 1. To sell to shopkeepers. (Said only of weavers' goods.)

2. To contrive.

mac-kle, s. [MACULE.]

măc le (le as el), s. [Fr., from Latin macula= a spot.]

1. Her.: The same as MASCLE (q. v.).. 2. Min.: A variety of andalusite (q. v.), occurring in long tapering crystals in clay-slate. They have the axes and angles of a different color from the rest of the crystals, owing to a regular arrangement of impurities in the interior. In transverse section they exhibit a cross or a tesselation, the outlines of which are frequently rhombs. (See figures in Dana's System of Mineralogy, 1875.) The same as CHIAS

TOLITE.

ma-clûr-a, s. [Named after Wm. Maclure, an American philosopher and naturalist.]

Bot.: A genus of Moraceae, consisting of trees, sometimes spiny, with entire or serrated leaves and unisexual flowers. The males in racemes, the females in heads, the fruits consisting of many achenes within the enlarged calyz. Maclura aurantiaca is the Osage Orange. It is about as large as the human hand, orange colored, and filled with a fetid slime, used by the Indian tribes of the United States, in which it grows, to smear their faces when they go out to war. Maclura tinctoria yields the dyewood called Fustic (q. v.). The fruit is pleasant and used in North America as a cathartic and an anthelmintic.

ma-clûr -ě-a, s. [Named after Wm. McClure, the American geologist.]

Zool.: An anomalous genus of Nucleobranchiate Gasteropoda, family Atlantida. It is discoidal, few

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whorled, with a sinistrally sub-spiral operculum. Found in Lower Silurian rocks, in North America, and Scotland. It may be one of the Heteropoda. ma-clûre-ite, s. [Named after Wm. Maclure; suff. -ite (Min.).].

cluded by Dana in the Fassaite group of aluminous Min.: The maclureite named by Nuttall is inpyroxenes (q.v.); that named by Seybert in the same year is the same as chondrodite (q. v.). ma-clûr -In, subst. [Mod. Lat. maclur(a); -in (Chem.).]

Chem. A crystalline body extracted from fustic, Maclura tinctoria. Dried over sulphuric acid, its formula is C15H120g. Heated to 130 it loses one atom of water, its formation then being CH1007 It is soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in ether.

Mặc-mil-lạn-ite, s. [For etym. see def.]

Eccles. & Church Hist. (pl.): The followers of the Rev. John Macmillan, of Balmaghie, in Kirk. cudbrightshire, Scotland, who, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, aided in laying the foundation of the Reformed Presbyterian or Cameronian Church.

măc-on, s. [From Macon on the Saone, where the grapes are grown.] A celebrated red French wine, noted for its strength and keeping qualities. ma-con-ite, s. [Named after its locality, Macon County, North Carolina; suff. -ite (Min.).] Min. A mineral occurring in irregular scales associated with corundum (q. v.), at the Culsagee mine. Soft; specific gravity, 2827; color, darkbrown; luster, pearly. Composition: Silica, 34 22; alumina, 2153; sesquioxide of iron, 12:41; magnesia, 14'46; potash, 5'70; loss on ignition, 1185. Exfoliates largely on heating, and is apparently the result of

an alteration of a chlorite.

mac-ôu-bạ, 8. [MACCOUBA macr-, pref. [MACRO-.]

măc-ra -mê, s. [From Arab.] (See the compound.)

macramé-lace, s. An Italian lace, made from twine. It is extensively used in church decorations, and for the ornamentation of furniture. The best is that made at Genoa.

mǎc-râu-chêne, subst. [MACRAUCHENIA.] Any member of the genus Macrauchenia (q. v.). "In the Macrauchene the fibula is indeed entire."-Eng. Encyc. (Nat. Hist.), iii. 573. măc-râu-chen'-I-a, s. [Pref. macr-, and Mod. Lat. auchenia (q. v.).]

family Macrauchenida (q. v.), formerly referred to Palæont.: The typical and only genus of the the Camelidae, but now placed among the Perissodactyla, all the feet being three-toed. The lower molars resemble those of Palæotherium in being doubly crescentic. The general form of the skull resembles that of the horse. (Nicholson: Palæont., ii. 335.)

mặc râu-chén-Y-da, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. macrauchen(ia); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -idœ.] Paleont.: A family established for the reception of the genus Macrauchenia, from the Pliocene or Post-Pliocene of South America.

mặc-rěn-çě-phăl-ic, mặc-rěn-cěph-a-lous, adj. [Pref. macr-, and Eng. encephalic, encepha lous.] Having a long or large brain.

mặc-rb-, pref. [Gr. makros=long.] (For def. see etym.)

macro-chemistry, s. The division of chemistry which deals with chemical elements in large quantities, as opposed to micro-chemistry.

macro-lepidoptera, s. pl. A collector's term for butterflies. It is of no scientific value.

măc-rô-bă-sis, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. basis= a stepping, a movement.]

Entom.: A genus of Cantharide. Macrobasis unicolor is an American blister beetle, the larva of which feeds on the potato.

măc-ro-bi-ot-Ic, a. [Gr. makrobios, makrobiotos long-lived: makros long; bios-life; Fr. macrobiotique.] Long-lived.

mǎc-ro-bi-ot-I-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. macrobiot(us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

Zool.: A family of spiders, order Tardigrada (Bear or Sloth Animalcules). It consists of microScopic spiders, found in wet moss, and in the gutters of houses, &c. They have elongated bodies, with four legs. They are hermaphrodite. So low are they in organization, that they have been placed by some with the Infusoria, and by others with the Rotifera.

mǎc-ro-bi-ō-tus, s. [MACROBIOTIC.]

Zool. The typical genus of the family Macrobiotide (q. v.). Species, Macrobiotus huffelandi, M. oberhäuseri, &c.

macrology

măc-rô-çeph'-a-loŭs, adj. [Pref. macro-, and Eng. cephalous.]

Bot.: A name applied by Richard to dicotyledonous embryos, with a certain cohesion between the cotyledons.

kos=a tail.] măc-ro-çer -cùs, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. ker

Ornith.: A genus of Psittacidae, sub-family Araine. It contains the Macaws. [MACAW.]

mặc-rt-chỉ-rég, s. pl. [Gr. makro=long; cheir the hand.] A genus of humming birds, distinguished by the great length of the distal part of the wing.

măc-ro-chlō-a, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. chloë, chloa young green corn or grass.],

Botany: A genus of Grasses, tribe Stipes. Macrochloa (Stipa) tenacissima is a rush-like grass found on the sandy coasts of the Mediterranean. It is the original Esparto grass.

măc-ro-coşm, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. kosmos= the world; Fr. macrocosme.] The great world; the universe, or the visible system of the world, as distinguished from microcosm (q. v.).

"He calls a man a microcosm, because his body is really made up of all the several kinds of creatures the macrocosm or greater world consists of, and so is but a model or

epitome of the universe."-Boyle: Works, ii. 54.

măc-ro-cos -mic, a. [Eng. macrocosm; -ic.] Of or pertaining to the macrocosm; exceedingly great and far-reaching; immense, comprehensive.

&c., cystis.] măc-ro-çys-tis, s. [Pref. macro-, and Mod. Lat.,

Laminarida. Macrocystis pyrifera is a giant seaBotany: A genus of Fucace, family or tribe weed, with a stem 700 feet long, no thicker than the finger. The branches are as slender as packthreads; the leaves long and narrow, each has at its base a vesicle filled with air, enabling the plant to float. It is met with in the ocean in the south temperate and south polar zones. mặc-rô đặc-tỷ1, 8. [MACRODACTYLES.] An individual of the family Macrodactyles. mặc-rơ-đắc-tyl-6g,

8. pl. [Mod. Lat., from Gr. makros=long, and daktylos a finger, a toe.]

Ornith. Long-toes; a sub-order of Grallatores (q. v.). The feet are furnished with four elongated, sometimes lobated, toes, and the wings are of moderate size. Beak mostly short and compressed, or wedge-shaped. Legs robust, not long: neck not very long; tail very short. The chief members of the sub-family are the Rails, the Waterhens, the Coots, and the Jacana. (Nicholson.)

[Eng. macrodactyl; -ic, -ous.] Having long toes; mǎc-ro-dǎc-tyl-ic, măc-ro-dac-tyl-ous, adj. an epithet applied to birds of the sub-order Macrodactyles.

mǎc ro-dǎc-tyl-1-deş, subst. pl. [MACRODAOTYLES.]

mǎc-ro-di-ǎg ́-on-al, s. [Pref. macro-, and Eng. diagonal (q. v.).] The longer of the diagonals of a rhombic prism.

măc-ro dōme, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. domos =a building.] [DOME.]

Crystallog. A dome parallel to the longer lateral axis in the trimetric system. (Dana.)

mặc-rô-dăn, 8. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. odous (genit, odontos)=a tooth.]

Ichthy.: A genus of Fishes, family Characinidæ. Macrodon trahira and M. aimara are from Cayenne.

mặc-rô-dănt, s. & a. [MACRODON.]

A. As subst.: An animal having large teeth. B. As adj.: Having large teeth. măc-ro-făr-ăd, s. [MEGAFARAD.] mặc-rô-glös -82, 8. [Pref. macro-, and Greek glossa=the tongue.] Entom.: A genus of Hawkmoths, family Sesiidae. măc-ro-glos -sia, subst. [Greek macros-large; glossa=tongue.] An enlargement or hypertrophy of the tongue.

mặc-rô-glěs'-sus, s. [MACROGLOSSA.]

Zool.: A genus of Bats, family Pteropide. Macroglossus minimus is a small fruit-eating tat, found in the Himalayas, the Eastern Peninsula, the Eastern Islands, and the adjacent parts of Australia.

măc-rog-nǎth-Ic, a. [Pref. macro-, and Greek gnathos a jaw.]

Anthrop.: Long-jawed; a term applied by Prof. Huxley to skulls of Neolithic age, met with in caves and tombs in Belgium, France, and Spain.

ma-crŏl-o-gy, s. [Greek makrologia, from makrologos=talking long: makros=long, and logos= talk, speech.] Long, tedious talk; superfluity of words without meaning.

sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

macrometer

ma-crom -ě-ter, s. [Pref. macro-, and English meter.] An instrument for measuring inaccessible objects by means of two reflectors on a common sextant.

măc -ron, s. [MACROTONE.] mǎc-ro-pět -ǎl-ous, s. [Gr. macros-large; Eng. petal; suff. -ous.] Having large petals.

măc-ro-phyl-line, ma-croph-yl-lous, a. [Gr. makrophyllos: pref. macro-, and Greek phyllon-a leaf.] Bot.: Consisting of elongated extended leaflets. mǎc-ro-pi-per, s. [Pref. macro-, and Mod. Lat. piper (q. v.).]

Botany: A genus of Piperaceae, family Piperidae (q. v.). Macropiper methisticum is the plant which the South-sea Islanders call ava or kava. It has a thick woody rugged aromatic rhizome, a tincture of which is used in rheumatism. Macerated in water it is said to bring on copious perspiration, and produce a cure in persons affected with venereal disease.

mac-ro-pod, s. [MACROPODAL.] An individual of the family Macropodia (q. v.).

măc-rop-o-dal, măc-rop'-o-doŭs, a. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. pous (genit. podos) = a foot.] Having large or great feet.

măc-ro-po-di-a, s. pl. [MACROPODIDÆ, 1 (2).] mǎc-ro-po-di-an, s. [MACROPODIDE.] A mac ropod (q. v.).

măc-ro-pod-1-dæ, ma-crop-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. macrop(us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido.] 1. Zoology:

(1) A family of Marsupials, section Phytophaga, or in Owen's classification Diprododontia. There are six incisors in the upper jaw, and two in the lower; the canines in the upper jaw are small and wanting in the lower one; the molars are five on each side above and below. The aterior feet, which are small, have five toes, each armed with a claw; the hinder ones, which are very large, powerful, and well adapted for leaping, have but four, the inner one, or great toe, being absent. Found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. Genera: Macropus (Kangaroo), Dendrolagus (Tree-kangaroo), Hypsiprymnus (Kangaroo-rat), &c.

(2) The first family of Milne-Edwards' Oxyrhynchi. They have very long feet, and are called in consequence Sea-spiders and Spider-crabs. They live in the deep sea. Called also Leptopodidae (q. v.). Latreille has termed them Macropodia. 2. Palæont.: Huge Macropi are found in the PostTertiary of Australia with representatives of the other genera. They were found in ossiferous breccias in the Wellington Valley, about 210 miles west of Sydney, on the river Bell, one of the principal sources of the Macquarie, and on the Macquarie itself. Kangaroos seem to have been limited to Australia before the human period began. The name of the Rhætic genus Hypsiprymnopsis of Prof. Boyd-Dawkins suggests a relation to HypsiPrymus, but Prof. Owen considers it to be a Microlestes (q. v.).

mǎc-ro-po-ma, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. pōma =a lid, a cover.]

Palæont.: A genus of crossopterygious Ganoid fishes, family Coelacanthini. It is found in the Cretaceous rocks.

mặc-rd-pòn'-Y-dæ, s.pl. [Gr. makroponia=long labor; Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido.]

Ichthy.: In Professor Owen's classification, the twelfth family of his Lepidoganoidei, a sub-order of Ganoidean fishes.

ma-crop-ter-us, s. [Pref. macro-, and Greek pteron a wing, a fin.] Having long wings or fins. măc ́-ro-pus, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. pous-a

foot.]

Zool. The typical genus of the family Macropodidæ (q. v.). [KANGAROO.] măc-ro-pуg'-1-a, s. [Pref. macro- (q. v.), and Gr. pyge the rump, the buttocks ] Ornith.: A genus of Columbidae, containing the Cuckoo-doves. They have a very long graduated and pointed tail.

măc-rô-rhi-nus, s. [Greek makrorrhis (genit. makrorrhinos)=long-nosed.]

Zool.: A genus of Phocida (Seals). Macrorhinus elephantinus is the Elephant Seal, so called from its possessing, when full-grown, a short proboscis. It appears to exist both in the northern and southern hemispheres, though Dr. Gill believes the specimens from the former to be specifically distinct, calling them M. angustirostra. The Elephant Seal is found abundantly on the coasts of Juan Fernandez, the Falkland Islands, &c. The male is fourteen to sixteen or twenty feet long, with a proboscis of a foot;

the female about nine or ten feet.

mǎc-rô-sçĕl-1-dēş, s. [Gr. makroskeltēs longlegged: pref. macro-, and Gr. skelos the leg.] Zool.: The typical genus of the family Macroscelididae. Macroscelides typicus is the Elephant

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Shrew of South Africa. It is about five inches long, with a tail of three inches, is diurnal, and resides in burrows. M. Rozeti is the Algerian jumping shrew.

mǎc-ro-sçě-lid'-I-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. macroscelid (es); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

Zool. Jumping-shrews, a sub-family of Insectivorous Mammals, resembling shrews, but having by a series of jumps. The snout is long, and somevery elongated hind legs, enabling them to advance times prolonged into a trunk; the tail long, covered with hair. The species inhabit Africa from the Cape to Algeria.

gi-a), 8. [Pref. macro-; Gr. spora, or sporos-seed, mặc-rồ-spo-răn'-gi-ăm (pl. mặc-rồ-spo-răn and anggeion=a vessel, a receptacle.]

Bot. (pl.): Sporangia of comparatively large size, containing macrospores in the Rhizocarpe like Salvinia and Marsilea. [MACROSPORE.]

măc'-ro-spöre, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. spora, or sporos=a seed.]

Bot. (pl.): Spores of comparatively large size in macrosporangia, as distinguished from microspores in microsporangia in the Rhizocarpes, such as Marsilea, Pilularia, and Salvinia.

măc-ro-ther -i-ŭm, s. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. therion a wild animal.]

Palæont.: A genus of Edentata founded on remains of a large animal, having the hind limbs shorter than the fore ones, as for climbing purIt is found in the Miocene of France. poses, rootless teeth, and toes with immense claws.

mặc-rd-tô-mi-a, s. [Gr. makrotomeð=to prune so as to leave the shoots long.]

Bot.: A genus of Boraginaceae. Macrotomia benthami grows in the Himalayas, and is considered useful in diseases of the tongue and throat. The bruised roots of M. perennis are applied in India to eruptions, and its root is used as a dye.

mặc-rô-tône, s. [Pref. macro, and Eng, tone.] Gram.: A horizontal line drawn over vowels to

show that they are to be pronounced long; as, me, fine, tōne, &c.

ma-crō'-tous, a. ears; long-eared.

[MACROTUS.] Having long

ma-crō'-tus, 8. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. ous (genit. otos) an ear.]

Ears very large, united at the base by a membrane; Zool.: A genus of Phyllostomidae (Vampires). pasal appendage, erect; interfemoral membrane large, beyond which the tail projects by its last joint. Macrotus waterhousii is the Great-eared Leaf Bat from the West Indies; the length of the head and body is two inches and a half; tail, an inch and one-sixth. Fur, mouse-color, paler beneath; nose-leaf, lanceolate. It is mainly insectivorous, but sometimes feeds on fruit. Other species are M. californicus and M. mexicanus, the habitat of which is indicated by their specific names.

măc-ro typ-oûs, a. [Pref. macro-, and Greek typos a blow, a type.]

Numis.: Having a long form.

ma-croûr-al, ma-croûr'-oŭs, a. [MACROura.] The same as MACRURAL or MACRURUS (q. v.). mǎc-ro-za-mi-a, s. [Pref. macro-, and Mod. Lat. zamia (q. v.).]

Bot.: A genus of Cycadacem. Macrozamia spiralis is believed to be the species of Zamia growing on the west coast of Australia to the height of thirty feet.

ma-crûr'-a, ma-croûr'-a, s. pl. [MACRURUS.] sub-order of Decapoda, having the abdomen greatly 1. Zool. Long-tailed Crustaceans; lobsters, a developed, cylindrical, the segments short, flattened, and expanded laterally; the whole terminated by a broad swimming tail. The antennæ are usually large. The feet are terminated by nipping claws. The young, on being hatched, are not very different in form from their parents. They abound in both salt and fresh water. The sub-order contains the families Crangonidæ, Astacidae, Thalassinidae, and Palinuridae.

2. Palæont.: They came into existence in palæ

ozoic times.

ma-crûr-al, ma-crûr oùs, adj. [MACRURA.] Belonging to or having the characteristics of the family Macrura (q. v.).

ma-crûr-an, ma-crôur'-an, s. [MACRURA.] An individual of the family Macrura (q. v.). Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. ida.] ma-crûr-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. macrur(us);

Ichthy.: A family of deep-sea Ganoids, distributed species are known. The body terminates in a long, over all oceans, in great abundance. About forty compressed, tapering tail, covered with spiny, keeled, or striated scales. One short anterior dorsal, the second very long, continued to the end of the tail; anal as long as second dorsal; no caudal. Ventrals thoraci or jugular. (Günther.)

maculose

mặc-rút-rõ-năs, s. [MACBUTUS.]

pointed; mouth anterior and lateral, with the lower Ichthy. A genus of Macrurida (q. v.). Snout. jaw projecting.

ma-crûr -ŭs, 8. [Pref. macro-, and Gr. oura=a tail.]

Ichthy.: The typical genus of the family Macru ride (q. v.). Snout produced and conical; mouth inferior.

*măc-tă -tion, s. [Lat. mactatio, from mactatus, pa. par. of macto-to sacrifice.] The act of killing a victim in sacrifice; a sacrifice.

allowed to be the first fruits of the ground only, a sacri.

"Here they call Cain's offering, which is described and fice or mactation."-Shukford: On the Creation. (Pref.) macto-to sacrifice, to kill.] A murderer, a killer. mǎc-ta-tor, s. [Lat., from mactatus, pa. par. of măc'-tra, s. [Gr., a kneading-trough.]

1. Zool. The typical genus of the family Mactride (q. v.). The foot is large and tongue-shaped; the siphons are united and fringed; the shell is nearly equilateral. Habitat, sandy coasts, where they burrow just below the surface. One hundred and twenty-five recent species are known. They are world-wide in their distribution, and especially abundant within the tropics.

2. Palæont.: Thirty species are known, from the Lias onward.

mặc-tri-d, s. pl. [Mod. Lat., &c., mactr(a) (q. v.); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

Zool.: Trough-shells; a family of Siphonida, sub division Sinupallialia. Valves, equal, sub-triangu lar, close-fitting; a deep pit for the hinge-ligament, triangular in form; the hinge has two diverging teeth; siphonal fold short and rounded, epidermis thick. Mostly marine, but also found in brackish

waters.

Anat.: A yellow spot, about of an inch in diameter, on the axis of the eyeball; it has a depression in its center.

măc-u-late, v. t. [MACULATE, a.] To spot, to stain, to blur.

mặc-u-lạte, *mắc-ụ-lát-ěd, a. [Lat. maeu latus, pa. par. of maculo-to spot, to stain; macula =a spot, a stain.]

1. Ord. Lang.: Spotted, stained, blurred, defiled, impure.

such colors."-Shakesp.: Love's Labor's Lost, i. 2. "Most maculate thoughts, master, are masked under

2. Bot. The same as BLOTCHED (q. v.). măc-u-la-tor-ý, adj. [MACULATE.] Defiling.

staining.

"The lutulent, spumy, maculatory waters of sin."— Adams: Works, i. 166.

măc-u-la-tion, s. [Lat. maculatio, from maculatus, pa. par. of maculo=to spot, to stain; Fr. mac ulation; Ital. maculazione.] The act of spotting or staining; a spot, a stain.

"For I will throw my glove to death himself, That there's no maculation in thy heart. ́ ́ Shakesp.: Troilus and Cressida, iv. 4 mắc -ụ-là-ture, s. [MACULA.]

1. A sheet blotted or blurred in printing. 2. Blotting-paper.

măc-ule, s. [Fr., from Lat. macula a spot, a stain.]

*1. Ord. Lang.: A spot, a stain.

2. Print.: A blurred impression, causing part of a page to appear double; also called a mackle. to blur; specif., in printing, to blur or double an măc'-ule, v. t. [MACULE, 8.] To spot, to stain, impression from type.

mặc-n-löse, a. [Lat. maculosus, from macula =a spot, a stain.] Of or pertaining to spots or stains upon a surface; spotted, stained, maculate.