locution

or meadows. Unhappily Fabricius, in dividing Linnæus' great genus Gryllus into smaller genera, transferred the term Locusts from the genuine locusts to the insects of which the Great Green Grasshopper is the type; and entomologists in general have followed the injudicious arrangement. The family Locustida does not now contain the Locusts. [LOCUST.] The antennæ in the modern family Locustide are very long, thin, and bristleshaped, the tarsi four-jointed, the ocelli generally wanting. [LOCUSTA.]

lo-cu-tion, s. [Latin locutio, from locutus, pa. par. of loquor to speak.] The act or power of speaking; speech, discourse; mode of speech; phrase.

"Should gentle Phoebus fortify my lungs, And give locution from a hundred tongues." Lewis: Statius; Thebaid, xi. loc-u-tor-, *loc-u-tor-ye, s. [As if from a Lat. locutorium, from locutus, pa. par. of loquor= to speak.] A room or place for conversation; specíf., in monasteries a room in which the monks were allowed to converse, silence being enjoined elsewhere.

*lōd'-am, *lõad -ŭm, s. [Etym. doubtful.] An old game of cards.

"She and I will take you at lodam."

Woman Killed with Kindness.

lod-di-ģē -si-ą, s. [Named after Mr. George Loddiges.]

Ornithology: A genus of Trochilidae (Humming Birds). The sole species is Loddigesia mirabilis, of which only one specimen has been met with.

löde, *load, s. [A. S. lád a way, a course, from lidhan to go, to travel; cogn, with Icel. leidh a lode, a way; lidha to go, to move; Dan. led= a gate, from lide to glide on; Sw. led=a way, a course, from lida to pass on.]

1. Hydr. Eng.: A reach of water in a canal, or slack-water navigation.

2. Mining: A regular vein affording metal.
lode-ship, s. A small fishing vessel.
*lōde -man, s. [LOADSMAN.]

*lōde -men-age (age as Ig), s. [LOADMANAGE.] *lōdeş -man, 8. [LOADSMAN.]

lōde -star, *lode-sterre, s. [LOADSTAR.] lōde -stōne, s. [LOADSTONE.]

1. The same as LOADSTONE (q. v.).

2. A name given by Cornish miners to a species of stone, or rather a compound of stone and sand of different colors; called also tristone (q. v.). *lŏdg-a-ble, a. [LODGEABLE.]

lodge, *loggen, v. t. & i. [Fr. loger, from loge= a lodging; Low Lat. logiare.] A. Transitive:

1. To place in a lodging or temporary residence or habitation; to supply with lodging. "The king

lodged him and accommodated him

in great state."-Bacon: Henry VII.

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9. To present, to bring forward; to lay before an authority; as, to lodge a complaint. *10. To beat down; to lay flat.

"They shall lodge the summer corn."
Shakesp.: Richard II., iii. 3.

B. Intransitive:

1. To live, to reside, to dwell; to take up one's abode. "Where thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God."-Ruth i. 16.

2. To reside temporarily; to have a temporary residence.

"Is there room in thy father's house for us to lodge in?"-Genesis xxiv. 23.

3. To be fixed, settled, or deposited; to settle; as, A stone lodged on the roof.

4. To be beaten down; to be laid flat; as, Corn lodges.

lodge, *loge, *logge, s. [O. Fr. loge; from Low Lat. laubia a porch; lobia a gallery; from O. H. Ger. loubá; M. H. Ger. loube; Ger. laube an arbor; from O. H. Ger. laup; M. H. Ger. loub; Ger. laub= a leaf; Port. loga; Sp. logia; Ital. loggia. Lodge and lobby are thus doublets.]

1. A place of temporary residence or retreat; as a tent, a hut.

"Thar loges & thare tentis vp thei gan bigge." Robert le Brunne, p. 67.

2. A small house in a park, domain, or forest; a cottage. "It was a lodge of ample size,

But strange of structure and device." Scott: Lady of the Lake, i. 26. 3. A small house appendant to a larger as, a porter's lodge.

4. A home, a dwelling of any sort.

"How the beavers built their lodges
Where the squirrels hid their acorns."
Longfellow: Hiawatha, iii.

5. A room or place where a society or branch of a society meets for business.

"Having got acquainted with the Duke of Athol at a lodge of Freemasons."-Walpole: Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iv., ch. iiì.

6. The members who meet at such a place. 7. A collection of objects situated close together; as, a lodge of islands. 8. The occupants of an American Indian lodge or tepeé, consisting usually of from four to six persons. †lodge-a-ble, *lŏdġ ́-a-ble, a. [English lodge; -able.] Capable of affording lodging; fit for lodging in.

"At the furthest end of the town eastward, the ambassador's house was appointed, but not yet (by default of some of the king's officers) lodgable.”—Sir J. Finett: Philoxemis (1656), p. 164.

lodged, pa. par. & a. [LODGE, v.]
A. As pa. par.: (See the verb.)
B. As adjective:

1. Ord. Lang.: Furnished with lodgings; fixed, settled, placed.

2. Her.: A term applied to a buck, hart, hind, &c., when represented at rest and lying on the ground.

lodge-ment, s. [LODGMENT.]

lodger, s. [Eng. lodg(e); -er.] One who lodges; one who lives in lodgings; one who is not a permanent inhabitant or resident.

"We were lodgers at the Pegasus."

"Ev'ry house was proud to lodge a knight." Dryden: Palamon and Arcite, iii. 110.

3. To track to covert.

"Speak, Hamlin! hast thou lodged our deer?"

Scott: Rokeby, iii. 31.

4. To place, set, or deposit for keeping or safety for a longer or shorter time; as, to lodge money in a bank.

*5. To pen, to fold.

"From the rising of the lark to the lodging of the lamb."-Shakesp.: Henry V., iii. 7. 6. To plant. to fix, to infix.

"When on the brink the foaming boar I met, And in his side thought to have lodg'd my spear." Otway. 7. To implant; to fix in the mind, heart, or mem

ory.

'So can I give no reason, nor I will not,
More than a lodged hate."

Shakesp.: Merchant of Venice, iv. 1. 8. To afford place to; to take in and keep. "The memory can lodge a greater store of images than all the senses can present at one time."-Cheyne: Philo sophical Principles.

year previous to registration had lived in the same apartments, which would let for at least £10 (about $50) if unfurnished and without attendance. lodging, *logging, *loggyng, *lodgynge, pr. par., a. & 8. [LODGE, v.]

A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.)

C. As substantive:

1. The act or state of residing or taking up one's abode temporarily. 2. A place of rest or residence for a time or for a night; a temporary residence; especially a room or rooms hired for residence in the house of another, in which sense it is commonly used in the plural. "His food, his drink, his lodging, his clothes, he owed to charity."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xviii.

3. A place of residence; a retreat, an abode. "But therewithall a prattling parrot skips About the private lodging of his peers." Drayton: The Owl.

*2. A place where persons or things are lodged; a lodging.

"Within the space were rear'd Twelve ample cells, the lodgments of his herd." Pope: Homer's Odyssey, xiv. 18.

3. Disposition, arrangement, or collocation in a certain manner.

4. An accumulation of matter lodged or deposited in a place, and remaining at rest.

"An oppressed diaphragm from a mere lodgment of extravasated matter."-Sharp: Surgery. II. Technically:

1. Fortif.: An intrenchment hastily thrown up in a captured work to maintain the position against recapture. 2. Mil. The occupation of a position. lo-di-cule, lo-dic-u-la, s. [Lat. lodícula=a small coverlet, a blanket.]

Bot.: The name given by Palisot de Beauvois to the hypogynous scale of a grass.

lō-dō-1-çë -a, s. [Named after Laodice, the daughter of Priam and Hecuba. (Paxton.)]

Bot.: A genus of Palms, tribe Borasses, and the fan-leaved section of it. Lodoicea seychellarum, the Sea Cocoa-nut or Double Cocoa-nut, is sixty, eighty, or even a hundred feet high. Its leaves bend to the wind, but hold their places tenaciously. Its native country was unknown till 1743 when it was found been known only by "double cocoa-nuts," floating in the Seychelles Archipelago. Previously it had shores. They were supposed to grow in a submarine on the sea, or cast on Indian or other Eastern forest, and to possess fabulous virtues. Now they are believed to be wild only in the Maldives and Laccadives (Prof. Watt), those in Seychelles having been planted. Their cabbage-like top is often preployed to thatch houses; the young leaves are served in vinegar, and eaten. The leaves are emsurrounding houses and gardens. The hard, black made into hats; the trunk split into palisades for shell of the fruit is used by Indian fakirs as a drinking and begging cup.

loll-Ing-ite, s. [Named after the place where first found, Loelling; suff. -ite (Min.); Ger. lölingit, lollingit.]

Min.: An orthorhombic mineral much resembling in form and angles leucopyrite and mispickel (q. v.). Hardness, 5-55; specific gravity, 68871; in other physical characters the same as leucopyrite. Composition: Arsenic, 728; iron, 272; corresponding to the formula FeAs2. Occurs with nickeline at various localities.

10-ess, s. [Provincial Ger.]

Geol.: Mud deposited by the Rhine along its banks, and occupying a great part of the valley of the river. It consists of a finely-comminuted sand, or pulverulent loam of a yellowish-gray color, chiefly of argillaceous matter combined with a sixth-part of carbonate of lime and a sixth-part of quartzose and micaceous sand. Sometimes it contains sandy and calcareous coucretions or nodules. In some places it is 200 or 300 feet thick. It contains river and fresh-water shells of existing species. Interstratified with it are layers of ashes, thrown out by some of the last eruptions of the now extinct, or at least dormant, Eifel volcanoes. In Alsace it is called Lahm. There is a corresponding loess on the Mississippi. Both are Post Tertiary. low-e-ite (w as v), s. [Named after A. Lowe by Haidinger; suff. ie (Min.); Ger. löweit.]

Min.: A tetragonal mineral found in pure crystalline masses an inch in thickness mixed with anhydrite (q. v.) at Ischl, Austria. Cleavage, basal. Hardness, 25-3; specific gravity, 2376; luster, vitreous; color, honey-yellow to reddish. Taste, weak. Composition: Sulphate of soda, 46'3; sulphate of magnesia, 39'1; water, 14.7.

logarithmetic

the logarithm of the corresponding root. Hence a complete table of logarithms would enable us to perform multiplication by addition, division by subtraction, involution by multiplication, and evolution by division. Logarithms were invented by Lord Napier of Merchiston in Scotland in 1614, and improved by Henry Briggs, Savillian Professor of Geometry at Oxford in 1624.

T (1) Arithmetical complement of a logarithm: The difference between the given logarithm and 10. (2) Hyperbolic logarithms: The Napierian system of logarithms, so called from their relation to certain areas included between the equilateral hyperbola and its asymptotes.

"There is no reason why the Napierian logarithms should be called hyperbolic, rather than those of any other system; for, the same relation which exists between the Napierian system and the equilateral hyperbola also exists between other systems and oblique hyperbolas. In the case of oblique hyperbolas, the area is limited by two 'oblique ordinates, and the modulus of the system is always equal to the sine of the angle between the ordinates."-Davies & Peck: Mathematical Dict.: Logarithms. log-a-rith-mět -ic, *log-a-rith-mět -ic-al, a. [Formed on analogy of arithmetic, arithmetical.] Of or pertaining to logarithms; logarithmic. log-a-rith-met-ic-al-ly, adv. [Eng. logarithmetical; ly.] The same as LOGARITHMICALLY (q. v.).

log-a-rith-mic, log-a-rith -mic-al, a. [Eng. logarithm; -ic, -ical.] Of or pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms.

"A mathematical novelty in the shape of a logarithmic average."-Athenæum, Aug. 19, 1882.

logarithmic-curve, s.

Math.: A curve that may be referred to a system of rectangular coordinate axes, such that the ordinate of any point will be equal to the logarithm of

its abscissa.

logarithmic-spiral, s.

Math.: A curve-line intimately connected with the logarithmic-curve. It intersects all its radiants at the same angle, which angle is the modulus of the system of logarithms represented by the particular spiral. Also called a logistic-spiral.

log-a-rith-mic-al-ly, adverb. [Eng. logarithmically. In a logarithmical manner; by the use or aid of logarithms.

*loge, s. [Fr.] A lodge, a lodging, a habitation. (Chaucer: C. T., 14,895.)

log-gan, s. [LOGAN.]

*log gat, s. [A dimin. from log (1), s. (q. v.)] 1. A small log or piece of wood. 2. (Pl.): The name of an old game, consisting in fixing a stake in the ground, and pitching small pieces of wood at it, the nearest thrown winning. It was declared unlawful by the 33d of Henry VIII. (Shakesp.: Hamlet, v. 1.)

logged, pret. & pa. par. of v. [LODGE, v.] logged, a. [Eng. log; ed.]

1. Ord. Lang.: Fastened with logs. (Amer.) 2. Naut.: The same as WATER-LOGGED (q. v.). log'-ger, s. & a. [Eng. log (1), s.; -er.] A. As subst. A person employed to get logs or timber. (U.S.)

*B. As adj.: Stupid. (Cotton: Burlesque upon Burlesque.)

log-gĕr-head, s. [Eng. logger, a., and head.] I. Ord. Lang.: A blockhead, a stupid fellow, a dolt. (Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. I., ii. 4.)

II. Technically:

1. Bot. (pl.): Centaurea nigra.

2. Build.: A spherical mass of iron with a long handle used to melt tar. 3. Naut.: A runnel on the gunwale of a whaleboat, over which the line passes as it is drawn out by the fish; a ballard.

4. Zool.: [LOGGERHEAD-TURTLE.]

(1) To fall (come, or go) to loggerheads: To come to blows. (L'Estrange.) (2) To be at loggerheads: To quarrel, to fight; to engage in a dispute.

loggerhead-turtle, s.

Zool.: Thalassochelys olivacea, formerly Chelone couanna, a turtle frequenting the Atlantic, and found more rarely in the Mediterranean. The head is low, broad, and flat on the top. The feet are large. Body colored brownish or reddish-brown. The Indian loggerhead has long fore limbs, and but one claw.

logger-head-ed, a. [Eng. loggerhead; ed.] Doltish, stupid, blockheaded. (Shakesp.: Taming of the Shrew, iv. 1.)

loggerheaded-shrike, s.

Ornith. Lanius carolinensis (Wilson). Its colors are gray, black, and white. it feeds on crickets and grasshoppers.

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log-gi-a (pl. log'-gi-ê), s. [Ital.] [LODGE.] Italian Architecture:

sometimes on the level of the ground, at other 1. A corridor or gallery of a palatial building,

Palazzo Della Loggia, Brescia.

times at the height of one or more stories running along the front or part of the front of the building. and open on one side to the air, on which side is a series of pillars or slender piers; a belvedere. 2. A large ornamental window in the middle of the chief story of a building, often projecting from the wall. 3. An open balcony in a theater or concert-hall. log-ging (1), 8. [LODGING.]

*log-ging (2), pr. par. & s. [LOG, v.] A. As pr. par.: (See the verb.)

B. As subst.: The act of collecting or getting logs. logging-ax, s. An ax used in cutting off logs. It is usually heavier than a felling or lopping ax. logging-head, s. The working-beam of a steam

engine.

log-ic, tlog-ics, s. [Fr. logique, from Lat. logica (ars)=(the art) of logic; logicus = logical; Gr. logike techne (the art) of logic; logikos = pertain ing to speech or logic; logos = a speech; lego to read.]

Hist. & Phil.: Logic, as known in the present day, is a development and modification of the techně dialektike art of reasoning, which Aristotle, utilizing the labors of his predecessors, and notably those of Zeno of Elea, molded into something like consistent shape. The first development of Aristotelian Logic was by the Scholastics (q. v.); and Lewes (Hist. Phil. (1880), ii. 22) mentions it with praise of Abelard, that "he brought forward Logic as an independent power in the great arena of theological debate." At the time of the Reformation, probably as a protest, Scholasticism was depreciated, and at some of the Scotch Universities it was discarded for Ramism (q. v.). The subtle distinctions and keen disputations of the Schoolmen led in the next century to Bacon's condemnation of the perversion-not of the cultivation-of logical pursuits. Locke was not so moderate, as may be seen in his Essay (ch. xxii., Of Reason). [For German Logic, see HEGELIANISM, KANTIAN-PHILOSOPHY, and TRANSCENDENTALISM.] Generally speaking, down to the first half of the present century, there was little dispute as to how Logic should be defined. The Port Royalists had certainly called it the Art of Thinking; but the Art or Science of Reasoning, or the Art and Science of Reasoning met with little opposition as a definition. This is how Whately defines it (Logic, Introd., § 1), and a writer of such opposite opinions as Tongiorgi, S. J. (Inst. Phil.) has substantially the same words; and a parallel passage to Whately's explanation, as to Liberatore, who is read in many of the ecclesiastihow Logic is at once a science and an art, occurs in tical colleges in Rome. Sir W. Hamilton says that:

"Logic is the Science of the Laws of Thought as Thought or the Science of the Formal Laws of Thought, or the Science of the Laws of the Forms of Thought; for all these are merely various expressions of the same thing." Lectures on Logic (ed. 1874), i. 26.

Mill's definition is far wider in its inclusion, for he

makes Logic coëxtensive with proof:

"Logic, then, is the science of the operations of the understanding which are subservient to the estimation of evidence; both the process itself of advancing from known truths to unknown, and all other intellectual operations in so far as auxiliary to this. It includes, therefore, the operation of Naming; for language is an instrument of thought, as well as a means of communicating our thoughts."-Logic (Introd. 37).

Sayce (Prin. Comp. Philol., Pref. ix.) has a passage, this definition. (See also Lewes: Hist. Phil. (1880), which is an admirable gloss upon the latter part of i. 301, sqq.)

1. Applied logic: (1) Modified logic.]

(2) The term is sometimes loosely used for logical method employed in some particular branch of investigation.

logistic

2. Deductive logic: Syllogistic Logic; in which no more is inferred in the conclusion than is implicitly in which propositions are expressed in the form of contained in the premises. [SYLLOGISM.] 3. Equational logic: A system of logical notation equations. (See Jevons: Principles of Science, and Studies in Deductive Logic.)

4. Inductive logic: The science which treats of inductive reasoning, by which, broadly speaking, a general proposition is inferred from a number of particular propositions. [INDUCTIVE-METHOD.]

5. Modified logic: That logic which is concerned in the investigation of Truth and its contradictory opposite, Error; of the causes of Error, and the impediments to Truth and their removal, and of the subsidiaries by which human thought may be strengthened and guided in its functions.

"What I have called Modified Logic is identical with what Kant and other philosophers have denominated Applied Logic."-Sir W. Hamilton: Logic (ed. 1874), i. 60. 6. Pure logic: (See extracts.)

"Pure logic arises from a comparison of things as to their sameness or difference in any quality or circum stance whatever."-W. Stanley Jevons: Pure Logic, p. 17.

edge or Perception, and those of mediate knowledge or Thought."-Ueberweg: Logic, p. 17.

"Pure logic teaches both the laws of immediate knowl.

7. Syllogistic logic: [Deductive logic.] 8. Symbolic logic:

(1) (See extract.)

"Symbolic logic is not a generalization of the Common Logic in all directions alike. It confines itself to one side of it, viz., the class or denotation side-probably the only side which admits of much generalization-and this it pushes to the utmost limits, withdrawing attention from everything which does not develop in this direction."-Venn: Symbolic Logic, ch. ii.

(2) The term is also loosely applied to the illustration of logical relations by mathematical signs or by diagrams.

log-Ic-al, a. [Eng. logic; -al.]

1. Of or pertaining to logic; taught or used in logic.

natures, and actions, and passions, and such other log"But they are put off by the names of vertues, and ical words."-Bacon: Nat. Hist., § 98.

2. According to the rules or principles of logic; sound in reasoning. "He, by sequel logical, Writes best, who never thinks at all." Prior: Epistle to Fleetwood Shephard. 3. Skilled in logic; furnished with logic. "A man who sets up as a judge in criticism, should have a clear and logical head."-Addison.

log-1-cǎl-1-ty, s. [Eng. logical; -ity.] The state or quality of being logical.

"It [Cynicism] required a great rude energy, a fanatical logicality of mind."-Lewes: History of Philosophy, i. 191.

*log-I-cal-I-za-tion, s. [English logicaliz(e); -ation.] The act of making logical.

"The mere act of writing tends in a great degree to the logicalization of thought."-E. A. Poe: Marginalia, xvi. *log -I-cal-ize, v. t. [Eng. logical; -ize.] To make logical.

"Thought is logicalized by the effort at expression."E. A. Poe: Marginalia, xvi.

log'-ic-al-ly, adv. [Eng. logical; -ly.] In a logical manner; according to the rules or principles of logic.

"This danger we avoid if we logically follow out the principles of the constitution to their consequences."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. x.

One who is versed or skilled in logic; a teacher or lo-gi-cian, s. [Fr. logicien, from Lat. logicus.] professor of logic.

"The grim logician puts them in a fright; 'Tis easier far to flourish than to fight." Dryden: Hind and Panther, iii. 201. *log-1-çişe, v. i. [Eng. logic; -ise.] To reason; to exercise logical powers.

marine; gō, pot,

logistic-arithmetic

logistic-arithmetic, s.

Math. Certain logarithmic numbers used for facilitating the calculation of the fourth term of a proposition, of which one of the terms is a given constant quantity, commonly one hour, while the other terms are expressed in minutes and seconds; in which case the logistic logarithm of a given number of seconds, or minutes and seconds, is the excess of the logarithm of 3,600, the number of seconds in an hour, over the logarithm of the given number of seconds; so that the process is reduced to adding the logistic logarithms of the second and third terms, which gives the logistic logarithm of the fourth term. For example, to form the logistic logarithm of 3 20 or 200, we take the logarithm 2:3010 from 3:5563, and we have 1-2553 for the logistic logarithm of 3 20. Logistic logarithms are tabulated and employed in certain astronomical computations, but they are now almost entirely disused. logistic-spiral, s. [LOGARITHMIC-SPIRAL.] lŏ-gist -ic-al, a. [Eng. logistic; -al.] The same as LOGISTIC (q. v.).

lŏ-gist -ics, s. [LOGISTIC.]

1. Math.: The same as sexagesimal arithmetic, that is, that system of arithmetic in which numbers are expressed in the scale of sixty. The use of this scale is almost entirely confined to trigonometrical operations for expressing fractional parts of a circumference, or of a right angle.

2. Mil. That branch of military science or art which deals with the comparative warlike resources of countries between which war is likely to break out, and also with the conditions under which it has to be conducted, the means of transit, resources of food, geographical features, climate, &c. lăg-mãn,s. [Eng. log, and man.

*1. One employed to carry logs.

"To make me slave to it; and, for your sake,
Am I this patient logman."

Shakesp.: Tempest, iii. 1.

2. A person employed to collect and take logs to a mill.

*lŏ-gŏc'-ra-çỹ, s. [Gr. logos=a word; krateō= to rule.] Government by the power of words. *10-gō-dæ -dal-ỷ, s. (Greek logos=a word, and daidalos = cunningly wrought.] A playing with words; verbal legerdemain.

a letter.

lŏg ô-grăm, 8. [Gr. logos=a word, and gramma 1. A phonogram or sign, which for the sake of brevity represents a word; as, that is t, for that. 2. A set of verses forming a puzzle. The verses contain words synonymous with certain others formed from the transposition of the letters of an original word, which last it is the object to find out. lŏ-gog -ra-pher, 8. [Gr. logographos a prose writer; logos=prose, and graphō to write.]

1. An historian. The early Greek historians from Cadmus of Miletus to Herodotus are so called by Thucydides (i. 21), and the name has been since appropriated to the old chroniclers before Herodotus. (Liddell & Scott.)

2. A professional speech-writer.

lo-go-grǎph -Ic, lo-go-graph -ic-al, a. [Eng. logograph(y); -ic, -ical.] Of or pertaining to logog raphy (q. v.).

logographic-printing, s. The same as LOGOGRAPHY, 1. It was introduced by Mr. Henry Johnson and Mr. Walters of the London Times, in 1783.

*10-go-graphic-al-lỹ, adv. [Eng. logographical; ly. In a logographic manner; in the manner of logography.

lŏ-gog'-ra-phy, 8. [Greek logographia, from Logos=a word, and graphō to write; Fr. logographie.]

1. A method of printing in which a type represents a whole word, or a termination of a word, instead of a single letter.

2. A system of taking down the words of a speaker, without making use of shorthand, by a number of reporters, each of whom took down three or four words. It was invented by Mr. H. Barlow, about 1784.

log --griph, *lõg ́-ð-grýph, s. [úr._logos a word, and griphos a fishing-net, a riddle; Fr.logogriphe; Ital. & Sp. logogrifo.] An enigmatical question; a puzzle, a riddle.

+lo-gom-a-chist, s. [Eng. logomach (y); -ist.] One who contends or disputes about words.

lo-gom-a-chỷ, s. [Gr. logomachia, from logos= a word, and machomai to fight; Fr. logomachie; Ital. logomachia; Sp. logomaquia.] A contention in words or about words; a dispute about words. lō-gom ́-ě-tēr, 8. [Gr. logos=a word, ratio, and metron a measure.] A scale for measuring chemical equivalents.

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lŏ-gō-mět -ric, lŏ-gō-mět -ric-al, a. [Greek logos a word, ratio, and Eng. metric, metrical (q. v.).] Of or pertaining to a logometer; used to measure chemical equivalents. log -ŏs, s. (Gr.]

1. Phil.: The word Logos has a philosophical as well as a religious history. It first becomes prominent in the theories of Heraclitus of Ephesus, where it appears as a law of nature, objective in the world, giving order and regularity to the movement of things. The Logos formed an important part of the Stoic System. The active principle living in the world, and determining it they called both Logos and God. The Divine Reason, operating upon matter, bestows upon it the laws which govern it, laws which the Stoics called logoi spermatikoi, or productive causes. They also taught that in man there was a special Logos, which they called endiathetos, so long as it was resident within the breast; prophorikos, when it was expressed. For the doctrine of Philo, see extract:

"The Logos, a being intermediate between God and the world, dwells with God as His Wisdom. The Logos is dif fused through the world of the senses as divine reason revealing itself in the world. . The Logos does not exist from eternity like God, and yet its genesis is not like our own and that of all other created beings; it is the first-begotten Son of God, and is for us, who are imper. fect, a God; the wisdom of God is its mother. Through the agency of the Logos, God created the world, and has revealed Himself to it. The Logos is also the representative of the world before God, acting as its highpriest, intercessor, and Paraclete."-Ueberweg: Hist. Philos., i. 224, 225.

2. Scrip.: A Being who was in the beginning, was with God, and was God; made all things, had in himself life, which was the light of men; became flesh, and dwelt among men. (John i. 1, 3, 4, 14; cf. also 1 John i. 1, where the Logos is called the "Word of Life.") The reference is evidently to Jesus Christ, viewed as having existed from the beginning, and at a certain period becoming incarnate and dwelling among men.

log -o-thēte, s. [Gr. logos=a word, and tithēmi to place.] An accountant; an officer of the Byzantine Empire, who was the head of an administrative department, the public treasurer, or the chancellor of the empire.

"In the ancient system of Constantine, the name of logothete, or accountant, was applied to the receivers of the finances: the principal officers were distinguished as the logothetes of the domain, of the posts, the army, the private and public treasure; and the great logothete, the supreme guardian of the laws and revenues, is compared with the chancellor of the Latin Monarchies."-Gibbon:

Roman Empire, ch. liii.

logo-type, s. [Gr. logos=a word, and Eng. type (q. v.).]

Print.: A type having for its face a whole word or a combination of letters in common use; as, con, pounded types are not now generally used except in com, tion, ing, the, and, in, on, &c. These comthe larger American cities on the daily newspapers, but the practice still remains in combination of letters such as f, fi.

log'-thing (h silent), subst. [Icel. log-law, and thing an assembly.] The legislative portion of the Norwegian diet, consisting of one-fourth of the members, who sit apart from the others, and form, with the highest judicial authorities, the supreme court of the kingdom.

log-wood, s. [Eng. log, and wood; it derives its name from the fact that it is imported in logs.]

Bot., Comm., &c.: The wood of Hematoxylon campeachianum. It is used as a red dye stuff. The Decoction of Logwood and the Extract of Logwood astringent in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, and are officinal preparations. Logwood is used as an atonic dyspepsia. It colors the urine of those who use it pink. (Garrod.)

lö-gy, a. Sluggish; slow-going. 10-hock, s. [LOCH (2), 8.] A medicine or preparation of a consistence between a soft electuary and

a syrup.

161m-ic, a. [Gr. loimikos, from loimos contagious matter.] Of or pertaining to the plague or other contagious disease.

16ìn, *loine, *loyne, s. [O. Fr. logne, longe, from Law Lat. *lumbea, from Lat. lumbus = the loin. Prob. cogn, with Mid. Eng. lend, land; A. S. lendena=the loins.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. In the same sense as II.

*161-6-lite, 8. [After Ignatius Loyola, the founder.] A Jesuit (q. v.)

"Which the false Loiolite traduced."-Hackett: Life of Williams, i. 172.

loir (oi as wâ), s. [From Fr. loir; Prov. glire; Sp. liron; Port. leirão; Ital. gliero; Lat. glis (genit. gliris) = a dormouse.]

Zool.: Myoxus glis. A dormouse larger than the common species. It is found in the south of Europe and in Asia.

Deslongchamps, a French botanist.] 161-se-leur -I-a, s. [Named after Loiseleur

Azalea, but Sir Joseph Hooker makes them distinct. Bot.: A genus of Ericaceae, sometimes merged in Loiseleuria procumbens is better known as Azalea procumbens. [AZALEA.]

161'-ter, *loy-ter, *loi-tren, *loy-tron, v. i. & t. [Dut, leute ren to linger, to loiter, to trifle; loteren to delay, to linger. From the same root as Eng. lout; A. S. lútan; Icel. lúta to stoop; lútr = stooping.]

A. Intrans. To linger, to delay. to dawdle. to spend time idly, to be dilatory, to lag.

"Oh, aid me, then, to seek the pair,
Whom, loitering in the woods, I lost."

Scott: Glenfinlas. B. Trans. To waste or consume in trifles; to idle. Followed by away; as, to loiter away one's time.

161 -tĕr-ĕr, s. [English loiter; er.] One who loiters or lingers; a lingerer, an idler; one who is dilatory.

"And gathering loiterers on the land discern
Her boat."
Byron: Corsair, i. 4.

161 -ter-ing, pr. par. or a. [LOITER.] 161-ter-lng-ly, adv. [Eng. loitering; -ly.] In a loitering, dawdling, or dilatory manner.

Lõk, Lō ́-kí, s. [Icel.=a deceiver, lokka, Ger. lochen to entice.],

Scand. Mythol. The evil deity, the author of all wickedness and calamities. He is said to be the father of Hela, goddess of the lower regions. lō-ka-ō, s. [Native name.]

Chemistry: A crude dye, originally imported from China under the name of Chinese Green, but now extracted from the berries of the common buckthorn. It contains 30 per cent. of mineral matter. Pure lokao, obtained by treating the crude dye with solution of ammonia carbonate, filtering, and precipitating with alcohol, is a compound of ammonia with a pure blue coloring matter called lokain, with dilute sulphuric acid, it splits up into glucose (NH4)2C56H66034. On treating ammonium-lokain and an insoluble residue, lokaětin, C18H16010. An aqueous solution of crude lokao dyes cotton a pale green, but gives to wool and silk a pale bluish-gray lō-ka -ě-tin, s. [LOKAO.] lõ ́-ka-in, s. [LOKAO.] lõke (1), s. [LOCK, 8.] 1. A wicket, a hatch.

2. A private road or path.
3. A narrow lane.

*lõke (2), s. [Lock (2), 8.]
*lõke, v. t. [LOOK, v.]

*lok -en, *lõke, pa. par. or a. [Lock, v.]
10-11g-1-dæ, s. pl. [Lat. lolig(o); fem. pl. adj.
suff. -ida.]

Zool.: Carpenter's name for a family of Cephalopods, called by Woodward and others Teuthidae. lŏl'-I-gō, s. [Lat.=the cuttle fish.]

Zool. Calamary. A genus of cephalopodous mollusks, family Teuthida, sub-family Myopsine (My. opsida, D'Orbigny). The pen is lanceolate, with the shaft produced in front. It is multiplied by age. so that in old individuals several pens are found packed closely together. (Owen.) The body tapers behind, being much elongated in the males; the fins are terminal, united, rhombic. Length, excluding the tentacles, from three inches to two and a half feet. S. P. Woodward considered that twenty-three recent species are known, these Steenstrup reduces to seven. They are found in all seas. One is fossil; it is from the Lias. Loligo vulgaris is the Common Squid; L. media the Little Squid. [SQUID.] ̧lŏl-1-gõp ́-ṣis, s. [Lat. loligo=a cuttle fish, and Gr. opsis look, appearance.]

2. A joint of meat, corresponding to the part Teuthidae, sub-family Oligopsina (Oligopsida,

described under II.

3. (Pl.). The reins. "Smite through the loins of them that rise against him."-Deut. xxxiii. 11.

II. Anat. (Human & comp.): A popular rather than a scientific term for the soft part of a vertebrate, lying between the false ribs and the hipjoint. Scientifically this is called the lateral part of the lumbar region.

çhin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; -şion

Zool. A genus of cephalopodous mollusks, family D'Orbigny). The pen is slender, with a minute conical appendix; the body is elongated, the arms short, the cups in two rows; the tentacles slender, the funnel valveless. Eight species are known, all recent. They are pelagic, and found in various seas. 101 -I-ŭm, *lŏl‍-I-ŏn, s. [Lat. lolium = darnel, cockle, tares.]

Bot.: Rye-grass. A genus of Grasses, tribe Hordex (Lindley), tribe Poaceae, sub-tribe Hordeace sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. -hle, -dle, &c.

loll

(Sir Joseph Hooker). The spike is distichous, the spikelets solitary; the empty glume one, the flowering glumes many. Four species are known, all from the north temperate zone.

1ŏll, *loll-en, v. i. & t. [0. Dut. lollen to sit over the fire; prob. a derivative of lull-to sing to sleep; Icel. lulla to loll; lolla to move slowly; lalla to toddle as a child; lolla=sloth.] A. Intransitive:

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"3. That Christ is not in the Sacrament of the Altar truly That if a man be only contrite, all exterior conand really in His proper corporeal person. fession is to him superfluous and invalid.

7. That it hath no foundation in the Gospel that Christ did ordain the mass.

"The large Achilles on his press'd bed lolling From his deep chest laughs out a loud applause." Shakesp.: Troilus and Cressida, i. 3. 2. To hang from the mouth, as the tongue of a dog when heated with exertion and panting.

"To the black fount they rush, a hideous throng, With paunch distended, and with lolling tongue."

Pope: Homer's Iliad xvi. 199.

3. To suffer the tongue to hang out from the mouth. (Said of animals.)

B. Trans. To put out; to allow to hang from the mouth.

"With his lolled tongue he faintly licks his prey." Dryden: Annus Mirabilis, cxxxii. *1011, s. [LOLL, v.] One who lolls about; a lounger, an idler,

"A lobbe, a loute, a heavy loll, a logge." Breton: Pasquil's Madcappe, p. 10. Lol-lard, s. [A confusion between two words: loller-one who lolls about, a lazy fellow, and O. Dut. lollaerd=a mumbler of prayers, a Lollard, from lullen, lollen to sing, to hum.]

Ecclesiol. & Church Hist. (Pl.):

1. A name given to a religious association which arose at Antwerp about the beginning of the fourteenth century. By some, Walter Lollard, who was burnt alive at Cologne in 1322, is said to have been the founder, but it seems to have existed before his time. The members were unmarried men and widowers, who lived in community under a chief, reserving to themselves, however, the right of returning to their former mode of life. In 1472 the Pope constituted them a religious order. In 1506 Julius II. increased their privileges. They con

tinued to the French Revolution.

2. The name, having become one of contempt, was applied to the followers of Wycliffe, and especially to the poor preachers whom he sent out. Lechler states that "a monkish zealot, Henry Cromp, of the Cistercian Monastery of Bawynglas, in the county of Meath," preaching before the University of Oxford, on Saturday, June 14, 1382, "indulged in violent attacks upon the Wiclif party, and applied to them the heretic name of Lollards, which had recently come into use, but till that time had never been publicly employed." (Lechler: Wiclif and His English Precursors, ed. Lorimer.) While Richard II. reigned, the persecution of the Lollards was not heartily favored by the Court, though proceedings against them were authorized, and in 1395 they presented a petition to Parliament for the reform of the church. But on the accession of the House of Lancaster, in 1399, a change for the worse took place. The clergy had assisted Henry IV. to the throne, in return for which he followed their directions as to the Lollards, and the Act de hæretico comburendo was passed as 2 Henry IV., c. 15. The first Lollard martyr was William Sautre, who was burnt in London, Feb. 12, 1401. The second was Thomas Badby, a mechanic in the diocese of Worcester, who was burnt in 1409 or 1410. Henry V., who carried out the ecclesiastical policy of his father, became king in 1413. On Sept. 25 of the same year, Sir John Oldcastle (Lord Cobham), who had edited the works of Wycliffe, was adjudged to be" a most pernicious and detestable heretic." In Jan., 1414. a conspiracy of Lollards under the leadership of Lord Cobham was alleged to have been detected, and he was committed to the Tower of London, but escaped into Wales. Being recaptured, he was put to death by cruel torture in St. Giles' Fields, London, on Dec. 25, 1418. [WYCLIFFITES.]

Lol-lard-işm, s. [Eng. Lollard; -ism.]

Theol. & Church Hist.: The tenets of the followers of John Wycliffe. The views of Wycliffe underwent a process of development as his researches and experience extended, and were by no means the same at all periods of his life. In so far as they departed from Roman Catholicism, they approached, and, in some cases, went beyond what subsequently became the doctrine and discipline of Calvinism or Puritanism, commingled with an antagonistic element, Erastianism. Among the articles of his pronounced heretical" by an assembly of ecclesiastical notables, convened in London, in 1382, by Wm. Courtnay, Archbishop of Canterbury, were these:

"10. That it is against the sacred Scriptures that ecclesiastical persons should have any temporal position." Among fourteen articles adjudged to be" erroneous were the following:

"13. That a prelate or bishop excommunicating a cleric who hath appealed to the king or the council of the realm, in doing so is e traitor to the king and the realm. "15. That it is lawful for any deacon or presbyter to preach the Word of God without the authority or license of the Apostolic See, or of a Catholic bishop or of any other recognized authority. 17. Also that temporal lords may at will take away their temporal goods from churches habitually delinquent. "18. That tithes are pure alms, and that parishioners may for the offenses of their curates detain them, and bestow them on others at pleasure, and that tenants may correct delinquent landlords at will.

24. That friars are bound to get their living by the labor of their hands, and not by begging." [LOLLARD.] †Lol-lard-y, 8. [Eng. Lollard; -y.] The same as LOLLARDISM (q. v.).

"When the eyes of the Christian world began to open, and the seeds of the Protestant religion (though under the opprobrious name of lollardy) took root in this king. dom."-Blackstone: Comment., bk. iv., ch. 4. 1ŏll-er, s. [Eng. loll; -er.] One who lolls about; a lounger, an idle vagabond.

lŏll-ing, pr. par. & a. [LOLL, v.] loll-ing-ly, adv. [Eng. lolling; -ly.] In a lolling, dawdling fashion.

lol-11-pop, s. [Etym. doubtful; pop is probably the same as pap (q. v.), and lolly is perhaps the same as in loblolly (q. v.).] A sweet; a kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth.

lol-lop, v.i. [LOLL, v.] 1. To move heavily.

2. To lounge or idle about. 10-mär-i-a, s. hem, fringe, or border of a robe, from the marginal [Mod. Lat., fr. Gr. loma the sori.]

podiaceae. It has more or less barren and quite Bot.: Hard Fern. A genus of ferns, order Poly. fertile fronds, the latter with linear sori, and an involucre close to the margin. Forty species are known. [BLECHNUM.]

Lom -bard, subst. [Low Lat. Longobardi-long beards, the Latinized form of the German words for long and beard. It has also been derived from Lat. longus, Ger. lang=long, and O. H. Ger. barte, part a battle-ax. Another etymology is from Low Ger. börde a fertile plain on the banks of a river, the name thus signifying dwellers on the banks (of the Elbe).]

lonchidite

several necessary modifications. Many peculiarities assert themselves in which the vaulted basilicas of Lombardy differ from those of other countries. This occurs particularly in the have not, as is façades, which usually the case, a higher central portion and low side divisions, but which present one mass, terminating in a gable above, under the slopes of which, as well as in the choir and dome, are introduced arcade galleries. The separation into central and side divisions, as

Lombardic Architecture.

marking out the The Church of San Zenone, Verona, Italy. nave and aisles, is only effected in a way that harmonizes but indifferently with the whole by means of pilasters and half-columns. Bewhole of the façade is frequently decorated with sides the small arcade galleries below the gable, the one or more of these rows of arcades one above another, either continuous or grouped, with pilaster-strips between the groups. The west front is sometimes embellished with a large and elegant rose window, which in fact forms one of the chief beauties of the façades of many of the churches in Italy, which are built in the Later Romanesque style.

Lombardic School of Painting, s. The distinguishing characteristics of this school aregrace, an agreeable taste for design, without great correctness, a mellowness of pencil, and a beautiful mixture of colors. Antonio Allegri, called Correggio, was the father and greatest ornament of this school; he began by imitating nature alone, but as he was chiefly delighted with the graceful, he was careful to purify his design; he made his figures elegant and large, and varied his outlines by frequent undulations, but was not always pure and correct, though bold in his conceptions. Correggio painted in oil, a kind of painting susceptible of the greatest delicacy and sweetness; and as his character led him to cultivate the agreeable, he gave a pleasing, captivating tone to his pictures. Lom -bardy, s. [LOMBARD.] A province in the north of Italy, of which Milan is the capital. Lombardy-poplar, s.

Bot.: Populus fastigiata. [POPULUS, POPLAR.] 10-ment, lō-měn -tům, s. [Lat. lomentum, a mixture of bean-meal and rice kneaded together, used by the Roman ladies for preserving the skin.]

Bot.: A legume divided internally by dissepiments, not dehiscing longitudinally, but either remaining always closed as in Cathartocarpus fistula, or separating into pieces at transverse contractions along its length as in Ornithopus. Lindley places it in his order Apocarpi. (Gartner & Lindley.) Now generally limited to an indehiscent legume, separating spontaneously by a transverse articulation between each seed.

*16-men-tā -çe-æ, s. pl. [Lat. loment(um); fem. pl. adj. suff. -acea.]

Botany:

order of his Natural System. It contained Legumi1. The name given by Linnæus to the fifty-sixth nous plants, with jointed pods, Caesalpinies and Mimoser.

2. A sub-order of Cruciferæ, having lomentaceous pods.

lō-men-tā -çe-ous (or ceous as shus), a. [Lat. loment(um); Eng. adj. suff. -aceous.]

1. Ord. Lang.: Pertaining to or like a loment. 2. Bot: Having the kind of pericarp called a loment.

lo-men-tär-e-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. lomentar(ia): Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. eo.]

cellular; the ceramidia have pear-shaped granules Bot.: A sub-order of Ceramiaceae. The frond is at the base of a cup-shaped envelope, finally bursting by a pore; tetraspores scattered within the branches. (Lindley.)

10-men-tär-I-a, s. [Lat. lomentarius a dealer in lomentum (q. v.).]

Bot.: The typical genus of the Lomentares (q.v.). lo-mon-ite, s. [LAUMONTITE.]

Min.: The same as LAUMONTITE (q. v.). lon -chid-ite, s. [Gr. longchidion=a small spear; Ger. lonchidit.]

"1. That the substance of material bread and wine doth remain in the Sacrament of the Altar after consecration.

fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll,