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3. Circumscribed in power or authority; not abso- eroded. The animal with a short, dilated muzzle, lute. [LIMITED MONARCHY.] *4. Appointed, fixed.

'Tis my limited service."-Shakesp.: Macbeth, ii. 3. T (1) Limited administration: Law: A special and temporary administration of certain specific effects of a testator or intestate granted under varying circumstances.

(2) Limited liability: Liability is said to be limited when the persons liable are bound under clearly-defined conditions. The phrase is chiefly used in connection with stock companies, and in that connection is means that the stockholders shall not be called upon, under any circumstances, to contribute more than the par value of the shares of stock for which they have subscribed. If the debts of such a company, when wound up, amount to more than the resources of the company can meet, the

creditors must bear the loss.

(3) Limited monarchy: A monarchy in which the power of the sovereign is not absolute, but is constitutionally limited, usually by assemblages of the nobility, clergy, and elected representatives of the people. The sovereignty is a headship more or less real; it is not an autocracy.

(4) Limited problem:

Mach.: A problem admitting of only one solution,

or of a determinate number of solutions.

lim -It-ĕd-lỹ, adv. [Eng. limited; -ly.] In a limited manner or degree; with limitations.

lim-it-ed-ness, s. [Eng. limited; -ness.] The quality or state of being limited.

lim -It-êr, *lim-it-our, *lim-it-or, *lym-atour, s. [Eng. limit; -er, -or.]

1. One who or that which limits, binds, or circumscribes.

"A law so good and moral, the limiter of sin."-Milton:

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two tentacles, eyes sessile at their inner bases, the mouth with an upper mandible, the teeth in a helix. Found in fresh-water in all parts of the world. Known genera: Limnæa, Chilinia, Physa, Ancylus, and Planorbis.

lim-nănth, s. [Gṛ. limně a marsh, and anthos =a blossom, a plant.]

Bot. A plant of the genus Limnanthes, or of the tribe Limnanthese.

Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ec.] lim-năn-thể-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. Zimnanth(es);

Bot. Limnanths, a tribe of Tropaeolacea, with regular flowers and erect ovules. [Gr. limné a marsh, lăm năm -thế măm, s. and anthemon = a flower.] It consists of perennial water-herbs, with alternate Bot.: A genus of Gentianace, tribe Menyanthem. or opposite floating peltate or cordate leaves, ses sile umbels of yellow flowers, a five-parted calyx, a rotate corolla, with five to eight erose segments, five to eight stamens, a disc of five to eight hypogy. nous glands, and a one-celled irregularly-bursting capsule, few or many-seeded. Limnanthemum (formerly Villarsia) nymphæoides is found wild in Cashmere plant, is said to increase the milk of the still waters in Europe and Asia. L. cristatum, a cows which feed on it.

lm năn-thēg,s. [LIMNANTH

(q.v.). The leaves of Limnanthes douglasii taste Bot. The typical genus of the tribe Limnanthes like those of the Indian Cress, Tropaeolum majus. lim-na-tor-nis, s. [Gr. limné a marsh, and ornis a bird.]

Paleont.: A fossil insessorial bird, allied to the Hoopoe. It is from the Miocene.

lim -ner, s. [A contr. of luminour, short form of enluminour; Q. Fr. enlumineur, from enluminer= to illuminate.] One who limns, a painter or artist; spec., one who painted portraits or illuminated. "He [William Collet] became the best illuminer or limner of our age."-Fuller: Worthies; Cambridge. lim-nite, s. [Gr. limné a marsh.]

lim-ma, s. [Gr. leimma=what is left, a rem- and in the lighter, rust-yellow. Var. 1, luster pitch nant; leipo-to leave.]

Music:

1. The diatonic semitone. 2. [DIESIS.]

lim -mēr (1), s. [LIMBER, 8.] A shaft or thill of a vehicle.

lim -mēr (2), *leam-er, *lym-ere, s. [Fr. limier; O. Fr. liemer.] [LEARN, S., LIME (4), 8.] *1. The same as LIMEHOUND (q. v.).

Min. A hydrated sesquioxide of iron, formerly included in the species limonite (q. v.), but separated by Dana because of its difference in compo sition. Occurs massive, and in stalactites. In physical characters resembles limonite, but in the darker kinds the color is more yellowish-brown, like; color brownish-black. Var. 2, ocherous; color yellow. Composition: Sesquioxide of iron 748; water 25.2, corresponding to the formula Fe2O33HO. lim-no-bi-a, s. (Gr. limné a marsh, and bios= Tipulida. Entom.: A genus of two-winged insects, family

life.]

lim-noç'--on, s. [Gr. limné a marsh, and Palæont.: A genus of Hyænodontidae (?), from the American Eocene.

2. A dog got between a hound and a mastiff; a kuōn=a dog.] mongrel.

*3. A low, base, worthless fellow; a scoundrel.
4. A woman of loose manners, a jade. (Scotch.)
*lim -mēr, a. [LIMBER, a.]

limn (n silent), *lymn, v. t. [A contr. of luminer, which is short for enluminer, from O. French enluminer to illuminate, from Lat. illumino.] To paint or draw; spec., to paint in water-colors; to illuminate a book or manuscript; to depict.

lim-nā -di-a, s. [From Gr. limnas (genit. limnados)=marshy.]

Zool.: A genus of Phyllopods. The body is inclosed in an oval bivalve carapace, feet leaf-like, eighteen to thirty. It lives in fresh-water.

lim-næ -a, lim-næ-us, 8. [Greek limnaios marshy, from limné a marsh.]

Zool.: Pond-snail; the typical genus of the family Limnæide. The shell is spiral, more or less elongated, thin, and translucent, the body-whorl large, the aperture rounded in front, the columella obliquely twisted. Animal with a short, broad head, tentacles compressed, lingual teeth, about 110 rows. Recent species ninety, from Europe, Madeira, India, China, and North America; fossil seventy, from the Wealden onward. Limnoa stagnalis feeds chiefly on animal substances, L. peregra on green fresh-water alga.

lim-næ-a-dæ, s. pl. [LIMNEIDE.] lim-næ-Id, 8. [LIMNEIDE.]

lim-no-fē -lis, s. [Gr. limné a marsh, and Lat. elis=a cat.]

Paleont.: A fossil cat from the Middle Eocene of America: the oldest known representative of the family Felida.

lim-no-hỹ -I-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. limnohy(us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. ida.]

Paleont.: A family of North American Eocene mammals, founded by Prof. Marsh. They are believed to be allied to the Tapirs and to the Paleotherida.

lim-no-hỹ-us, s. [Gr. limné a marsh, and hys (genit. hyos)=a swine.]

Paleont. The typical genus of the family Limnohyidæ (q. v.).

phil(us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido.] lim-no-phi-li-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. limno

Entom.: A family of Trichoptera, division Inquipalpia. The maxillary palpi of the males are three-jointed, those of the females five-jointed. There are many species. The cases of the larvae are various.

lim-noph'-I-lús, s. [Gr. limné a marsh, and phileo to love.]

Entom.: The typical genus of the family Limnophilidae (q. v.).

lim-no-phis, 8. [Gr. limné a marsh, and ophis

=a snake.

Palæont.: A genus of serpents, apparently of the family Boide, but smaller than the Great Boas. Found in the Eocene of North America. lim-nör'-I-a, 8. [Lat. limne, from Gr. limnë=a lake, and fem. sing. adj. suff. -oria (?).) Zool.. A genus of cursorial isopod Crustaceans, family Asellida. Limnoria terebrans, a small animal about one-sixth of an inch in length, does much damage by boring into the woodwork of piers, &c.

limosella

lim-no-thër-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Latin limno ther(ium); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

Palæont.: A family of fossil Quadrumana, apparently allied to the Lemurs and to the Marmosets. They had forty teeth. Found in the Eocene of North America.

lim-no-ther -I-ŭm, s. [Gr. limnē=a marsh, and therion a wild animal.]

Paleont. The typical genus of the family Limnotherida (q. v.).

li-mo-dor-1 dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. limodor (um); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.]

Bot.: A family of Orchids, tribe Arethuses. li-mod-o-rum, 8. [Lat., from Gr. limodoron=a wild plant.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the family Limodorida terrestrial orchid, found in the southern and central (q. v.). Limodorum abortivum is a leafless, erect, parts of Continental Europe.

11-mōges (ges as zh), s. [See def.] A kind of surface enameling, which represents gems by the use of small globules of transparent color over silver tinsel. It takes its name from Limoges in France, where it was brought to perfection in the applied to a variety of earthenware known by its The name Limoges is also fifteenth century. glaze.

li-mō-ni-a, s. [Arab. lymoun=the citron.] monophylla is a small, thorny tree, growing in India, Bot.: A genus of Aurantiaceæ (q. v.). Limonia with a berry like a lime, but only the size of a small nutmeg. The root of Limonia acidissima, which grows on dry hills in India, is said by Atkinson to colic, the leaves in epilepsy, and the dried fruit as a be purgative and sudorific, suitable to be used in tonic and disinfectant. Prof. Watt says that the wood, which is very hard, close-grained, and yellowish white, might be used for turning.

11-mo-ni-ăd, s. [Gr. leimoniades a meadow.] A meadow nymph. Written also limniad.

lim -ô-nin, s. [Mod. Lat. limon(ia); suff. -in (Chem.).]

Chem. The bitter principle contained in the pips of the orange and lemon. It forms small crystals, easily soluble in alcohol and acetic acid, and

melts at 124°.

li-mon-ite, s. [Gr. leimōn=meadow; suff. -ite. (Min.).]

Min. A hydrated sesquioxide of iron occurring in stalactitic, botryoidal, or mammillary forms, having a more or less fibrous structure; more frequently earthy. Hardness, 5 to 5'5; specific gravity, 36 to 4. Luster, silky, sometimes submetallic, dull, shades of dark brown; exterior sometimes black, or earthy. Color of fractured surfaces, various and shining like varnish. Earthy varieties, brownish to ocher-yellow. Streak, yellowish-brown. Dana divides it thus: Var. 1. Compact; luster, subme tallic to silky, often stalactitic, botryoidal, &c. Var. 2. Ocherous or earthy; color, brownish- to ocher-yellow. Var. 3. Bog ore; found in marshy places, often replacing the substance of wood, leaves, nuts, &c. Var. 4. Brown clay-ironstone, the brownish-yellow streak of which distinguishes it from the clay-ironstone of hæmatite and siderite (q. v.). This variety is sometimes (a) pisolitic, being an aggregation of small pea-like concretions or larger ellipsoidal forms (Ger. Bohnerz=bean ore) or (b) oolitic. Composition: Sesquioxide of iron, 856; water, 14'4; corresponding to the formula 2Fe2O33HO.Found in the secondary or later deposits, in beds associated with various other minerals, and often with manganese ores; also as a recent marsh deposit. Derived from the alteration of other iron ores or of minerals containing protoxide of iron. One of the most important ores of iron. Found frequently as pseudomorphs of many other mineral species.

li-mop-sis, 8. [Gr. limos hunger, and opsis= appearance.]

Zool. & Palæont.: A genus of Arcade. The shell is orbicular, convex, slightly oblique, ligamental two equal series of transverse teeth. Recent species, area with a cartilage-pit in the center; hinge with four, from Britain, Japan, and the Red Sea; fossil, thirty-six, from the Bath Oolite onward.

li-mō -sa, s. [Fem. sing. of Lat. limosus=full of mud, muddy; limus-slime, mud.]

Ornith. A genus of Wading Birds, sub-order Longirostres. The bill is very long, either straight or inclining a little upward, flattened and dilated toward the top, tarsus longer than the middle toe, Limosa melanura is the hinder one very small. Godwit (q. v.).

*li -mōse, a. [Lat. limosus.] The same as LIMOUS (q.v.).

li mo sěl-la, s. [Dimin. of Lat. limosus = full of mud.] [LIMOSA.]

Zool.: A mollusk of the family Limneidæ (q. v.). "The Limnaids inhabit fresh-water in all parts of the world."-S. P. Woodward: Mollusca (ed. 1875), p. 300. lim-næ -l-dæ, lim-næ-a-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. limno(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -idæ, -ada.] Zool. Limneids; a family of gasteropodous Mollusks, order Pulmonifera, section Inoperculata. The shell is thin and horn-colored, capable of containing the whole animal when retracted, the aperture simple, the lip sharp, the apex somewhat boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat, çell, chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

Bot.: Mudwort; a genus of Scrophulariacea, tribe Sibthorpeæ. It consists of very small, tufted, creeping, glabrous, annual, aquatic herbs, with narrow

limosinæ

leaves, fascicled at the nodes; minute axillary, solitary flowers; a campanulate, five-lobed calyx; a sub-campanulate, five-cleft corolla, with a short limb; four stamens with the anther-cells confluent; a globose, two-valved capsule, ultimately one-celled. Limosella aquatica, a plant with narrow, oblong, lanceolate leaves, and pink or white flowers, is found occasionally at the edges of ponds. li-mo-si-næ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. limos(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -inc.]

Ornith.: A sub-family of Scolopacida, containing the Godwits.

11-mo-sis, s. [Gr. limos hunger.]

Med.: A ravenous appetite caused by disease. li-mous, a. [Lat. limosus, from limus-slime.] Muddy, slimy.

limp, v. i. [Etym. doubtful; cf. A. S. lemphealt =limp-halting, lame; Low Ger. lumpen to limp.] 1. Lit.: To halt; to walk lamely.

"Why does the world report that Kate doth limp?" Shakesp.: Taming of the Shrew, ii. 1. 2. To halt; not to run smoothly.

limp, s. [LIMP, v.] The act or state of limping or walking famely.

limp, a. [Ital. limpa-limpness, weakness.] 1. Flexible, pliant; wanting stiffness; flaccid. 2. Flabby.

"The chub eats waterish, and the flesh of him is not firm, limp, and tasteless."-Walton: Angler.

*limp-ard, s. [Eng. limp, v.; -ard.] One who limps; a limper.

limp-er, s. [English limp, v.; -er.] limps.

One who

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erly) of the genus Patella (q.v.). The shell is usually oval and tent-shaped; interior smooth, but not nacreous; the outside rough or with radiating ribs; the margin sometimes spiny. Limpets are worldwide in their distribution. They are vegetable feeders, and inhabit rocks between tide

Limpets.

marks, returning to the same place after feeding, and adhering so firmly that it requires a great effort to detach them from their resting-place, which is worn into a smooth concavity beneath the foot of the animal. It is much used by fishermen for bait, and in times of scarcity, for food. Vast quantities fall a prey to sea and shore birds. The oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) is exceedingly dexterous in detaching these mollusks from the rocks, and scooping the animals from their shells.

2. Pl.: The family Patellida, or, more strictly, the genus Patella (q. v.).

lim-pid, a. [Fr. limpide, from Lat. limpidus, allied to lympha=water; Gr. lampo-to shine; Gr. lampros-bright; Ital. limpido; Sp. limpio.] 1. Clear, bright, transparent, lucid, pellucid. "The Green Sea wave, whose waters gleam, Limpid." Moore: Fire-Worshipers.

2. Clear, open, frank, sincere.

A. As substantive:

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Limulus.
Zool.: A recent or fossil crustacean, allied to

B. As adj.: Resembling, or in any way connected with Limulus (q. v.).

"This ancient Limuloid Crustacean."-Nicholson: Palæront., i. 385.

lim-u-lus, subst. [Latin limulus somewhat askance, dimin. of limus or limis-sidelong, askance.]

1. Zool.: A genus of Crustaceans, containing the King-crabs. [KING-CRAB.] It is the only genus of the Crustaceous order Xyphosura, as also of the subdivision of the same name.

2. Palæont.: Apparently in the Upper Jurassic slates of Solenhofen, also in the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds.

lim-, *lym-ie, a. [Eng. lime (1), s.; -y.] 1. Viscous, sticky, tenacious, glutinous. "For striving more, the more in laces strong Himself he tied, and wrapt his winges twain In limy snares the subtle loops along." Spenser: Muiopotmos, 429.

2. Containing lime.

"A human skull covered with the skin, having been buried in some limy soil, was tanned, or turned into a kind of leather."-Grey: Museum.

3. Of the nature of lime; resembling lime. *lin, v. i. & t. [A. S. linnan; Icel. linna.] [BLIN.) A. Intransitive:

1. To cease, to stop, to give over. *2. To yield.

*B. Trans.: To cease, to give over. "The spawner, when the time serveth generation, followeth after the male, and never linneth picking and jobbing at his bellie with her muzzle."-P. Holland: Pliny, bk. ix., ch. i.

lin, lyn, s. [Gael. linne; Wel. llyn; Ir. linn a pool: A. S. hlinna a brook; Icel. linda well.] 1. A spring, a mere, a pool, especially one under a waterfall; the source of a river or stream. "Toothy, tripping down from Terwin's rushy lin." Drayton: Polyolbion, s. 5.

2. A waterfall, a cascade. 3. A precipice, a ravine. li-na-çe-æ, li'-ně-æ, s. pl. [Lat. lin(um) (q.v.); fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ, -eœ.]

Bot.: Flaxworts: an order of hypogynous Exogens, alliance Geraniales. It consists of annual or perennial small plants, sometimes tending to shrubbiness, with leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, simple, entire, without stipules, sometimes with two glands; flowers very fugitive, white, yellow, or blue; sepals three, four, or five, imbricated in estivation, persistent; petals the same number, unguiculate, twisted in aestivation; stamens as many as the petals, but with little teeth in the hypogynous ring from which they spring; ovary with as many cells as the sepals, rarely fewer, but divided by spurious dissepiments; styles equal in number to the cells; stigmas capitate, seeds in each cell of the fruit, single, compressed, and inverted. Fourteen genera and 135 species known, from Europe, the North of Africa, &c.

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Surg.: A tent for a wound; lint.

li-när-I-a, s. [Fem. of Lat. linarius a linen weaver, from linum-flax, which these plants resemble.]

lindsayite

linch'-pin, *lins-pin, s. [A. S. lynis an axletree; cogn. with Dut. luns a linchpin; Low Ger. lunse; Ger. lünse.] A pin passing vertically through a mortise near the end of the spindle or arm of an axle, and serving to hold the wheel on the spindle. With thimble-skein wagons, a nut takes the place of the linchpin.

county and city in the east of England. Lin-coln (in as n), s. [See def.] The name of a Lincoln-green, s.

1. A kind of cloth formerly made at Lincoln. "The sounds increase, and now are seen Four mounted squires in Lincoln-green." Scott: Lady of the Lake, v. 17.

2. The color of such cloth. lincoln-ite (ln as n), s. [Named from Levi Lincoln, Governor of Massachusetts; suffix -ite (Min.).]

Min.: The same as HEULANDITE (q. v.). linc-ture, s. [Lat. lincturus, fut. par. of lingo= to lick.]

Med.: A medicine or preparation taken by licking.

linc-tus, s. [Lat.]

Med.: The same as LINCTURE (q. v.).
lind, *linde, s. [LINDEN.]
*Lin-dǎb'-ri-deş, s. [See def.]

1. The heroine in the romance of the Myrror of Knighthood.

2. A mistress, a concubine.

lin-dǎck-er-ite, s. [Named after Lindacker, who analyzed it: suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: An orthorhombic mineral occurring in rosette-like groups of oblong rhombic tables, also in reniform masses. Hardness, 2-2.5. Luster, vitrecus. Color, verdigris to apple-green; streak, paler. Composition: Arsenic acid, 28.58; sulphuric acid, 6'44; oxide of copper, 36'34; oxide of nickel, 16:15: protoxide of iron, 290: water, 932, corresponding to the formula, 2(CuO) AsO+ (NIO) 3SO3+7H0. Found near Joachimsthal, Bohemia.

lin'-den, s. [The adjectival termination from A. S. & Mid. Eng. lind-the lime-tree; Dan., Sw., & Icel. lind; Ger. & Dut. linde.] Bot., &c.: The lime-tree, Tilia europaea. [LIME (2).]

"Carved its framework out of linden." Longfellow: Hiawatha, xi. lin'-den-blooms, s. [Eng. linden, and blooms.] Bot.: The name given by Lindley to the order Tiliacea (q. v.).

lin-der-ni-a, s. [Named after Lindern, a Swiss botanist.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the sub-tribe Lindernie (q.v.). Lindernia pyxidaria is a small annual with pale pink or white flowers, found in continental Europe.

Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ec.] lin-der-ni-e-æ, 8. pl. [Mod. Lat. linderni(a);

Bot.: A sub-tribe of Scrophulariaceae, tribe Gratioleæ.

lin-di-a, s. [Fem. of Lat. Lindius of or belong. ing to Lindus, now Lindo, a town in Rhodes (?).] Zool.: A genus of Rotifera. It has a vermiform body rounded in front, no rotary organ, cilia, or eye, and a tail-like foot with two conical short segments at the end.

lin'-di-form, a., [Mod. Lat. lindi (a) (q. v.), and Lat. forma form.]

Zool.: Of the form possessed by the rotifers of the genus Lindia (q. v.). (Used of larvæ.)

lind -ley-a, subst. [Named after John Lindley, Ph. D., F. R. S., Professor of Botany in University College, London, and author of many botanical

"And limpid truth that looks the very soul." works.] Thomson: Liberty, i. 1. lim-pid -i-ty, 8. [Fr. limpidité, from limpide; Ital. limpidità. The quality or state of being limpid; limpidness.

lim-pid-ness, s. [Eng. limpid; -ness.] Clearness, transparency, pureness.

limp'-ing, pr. par. or a. [LIMP, v.] limp-ing-ly, adv. [Eng. limping; ly.] In a limping, halting, or lame manner; with a limp. *limp'-ing-ness, s. [Eng. limping; -ness.] The quality or state of being limping or lame; lameness. limp-kin, s. [Etym. unknown.] Any one of the wading bird genus Aramus. They are found in the warmer portions of this country, and are remarkable for their length of toes.

limp-ness, s. [Eng. limp, and suffix -ness.] The state of being limp; having no stiffness.

lim-u-161d, s. & a. [Mod. Lat. limul (us) (q.v.), and Gr. eidos-form.]

Bot.: A genus of Scrophulariaceae, tribe Antir rhineæ. It consists of herbs, or rarely of shrubs, with opposite whorls or alternate leaves, a personate corolla, with the tube spurred, the upper lip erect, the lower with the mid-lobe smallest, the palate sometimes closing the throat; stamens four fertile, the fifth wanting or rudimentary; the stigma notched or two-lobed; capsule ovoid or globose, dehiscing by simple or toothed pores; seeds angled or rugose. A hundred species are known, from Europe and Western Asia.

lin-ar-ite, s. [Named after the locality where first observed, Linares; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: A hydrated sulphate of lead and copper. Formula PbOSO3 + CuOHO. Crystallization, mono clinic. Hardness, 25; specific gravity, 53-545; luster, vitreous. Color, deep sky-blue; streak, paler. Brittle. First found at Linares, Spain.

linch, s. [A. S. hlinc a ridge of land left unplowed; a balk.] A ledge; a right-angled projec

tion.

lai or Quillaiada. Lindleya mespiloides is a Bot.: A genus of Rosacea, tribe or family Quilpretty dwarf evergreen tree with large white flowers, as sweet-scented as those of the hawthorn. It is wild in Mexico. It may be grafted in the common thorn or the larger kinds of cotoneaster. (Paxton.)

lind-sæ-a, s. [Named after Mr. Lindsay, an English writer on the germination of mosses.]

Bot.: The typical genus of the sub-tribe Lindsæer the indusium linear, parallel to the margin of the (q. v.). The sorus is inframarginal, continuous; leaf, free outside. Veins dichotomous.

lind-şæ -ě-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. lindsa(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ec.]

Bot.: A sub-tribe of Polypodiaceous Ferns with indusiate sori.

lind'-say-ite, s. [Named by N. Nordenskiöld. Etym. doubtful, but prob. after one Lindsay; suff. -ite (Min.).] marine; gō, pot,

lin'-chi, s. [Chinese.] A species of edible swallow. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll, father; we, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sïre, sir,

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line

Min.: A mineral belonging to the species Anorthite, and regarded as an altered Lepolite. It is found in large crystals at Orijärfoi, Finland. Hardness, 35; specific gravity, 2 796-283. Color, on the exterior, black. [ANORTHITE, LEPOLITE.]

line (1), *lyne (1), s. [A. S. line-a cord, from Lat. linea a string of hemp or flax, from lineus= hempen; linum=flax: Fr. ligne; Ital. & Sp. linea; Port. linha; Dan. linie, line; Sw. linie, lina.] I. Ordinary Language:

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(a) A slender, thread-like mark made as with a pencil, pen, or other instrument; a stroke; as, the lines of a drawing, the lines of an engraving. (b) A thin furrow or marking on the face or hands.

"Filled his brow with lines and wrinkles." Shakesp.: Sonnet 63.

(c) Any thin streak or mark.

"Yon grey lines that fret the clouds." Shakesp.: Julius Cæsar, ii. 1. (5) A row; a continued series or rank. "They conversed with him across the lines of sentinels."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiii.

(6) An arrangement of letters and words across a page or column.

"Al the bulle

In two lynes hit lay, and no lettere more."
Piers Ploughman, p. 182.

2. Figuratively: (1) A continued or connected series: as of descendants from a common ancestor; lineage.

"Of the true line and stock of Charles the Great." Shakesp.: Henry V., i. 2. (2) Outline, contour, lineament.

"Looking on the lines of my boy's face." Shakesp.: Winter's Tale, i. 2. (3) Method, arrangement, disposition. (4) Extension, extent, limit, bounds. "Eden stretch'd her line From Auran eastward to the royal towers Of great Seleucia." Milton: P. L., iv. 212.

(3) A series of public conveyances, as steamers, coaches, &c., plying regularly between places; as, the Cunard line of steamers to Europe; the Mon

arch line, &c.

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"In the preceding line, Ulysses speaks of Nausicaa, yet immediately changes into the masculine gender."Broome: On the Odyssey.

(10) A course of conduct, action, thought, occupation, or policy, conceived as directed toward an end.

"He was convinced that his present line of service was that in which he could be most useful."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiv.

(11) Pl.: A marriage certificate. (Colloq.) II. Technically:

1. Arch.: Springing line. The line from which an arch rises, and from which the versed sine is calculated.

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(3) The visual line; the line conceived to proceed from the object to the eye.

(4) The principal line; a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the picture; the line of distance. 4. Fort.: A rampart; continued lines are used to inclose a front, or to connect principal works with one another by a continuous parapet.

map; a line or mark traced to show the variations 5. Geog. A circle of latitude or longitude, as on a of temperature, &c.

The line: The equator.

"When the sun below the line descends,

Then one long night continued darkness joins." Creech. 6. Machinery:

(1) The truth of position; as, an engine in line, that is, the motions of the piston, connecting-rod, and crank in the same plane, and at right angles to the axis of the fly-wheel.

(2) The line of centers; the dead point of a crank, when the connecting-rod and crank are in a straight line.

7. Masonry: The bricklayer's cord, which is his guide for level and direction. It is stretched between line-pins.

8. Mathematics:

(1) A magnitude which has length, but neither breadth nor thickness. It possesses one, and only one, attribute of extension. In elementary geometry, lines are classed as straight and curved. A straight line is one which does not change its direction between any two of its points. A curved line is one which changes its direction at every one of its points. Such a line is often called a curve. A broken line is one made up of limited straight lines lying in different directions.

(2) The twelfth part of an inch.

9. Mil. A straight row of soldiers drawn up in an extended front.

10. Mining:

(1) Line of bearing: The strike of a stratum, or its direction at right angles to the dip.

(2) Line of least resistance; the line of mine or axis of explosion: A line drawn from the focus of a mine to that point in the direction of which the charge meets the least resistance.

11. Music: One of the straight horizontal lines, on or between which the notes are written. 12. Nautical:

(1) A running cord or rope, as bowline, buntline, clewline, spilling line, &c.

(2) A cord for a specific purpose, as a handline, a 20-fathom sounding-line having a lead of from 7 to 14 pounds. [HAND-LINE.] A deep-sea line, one say of 200 fathoms, and having a lead of 28 pounds weight; a fishing-line.

(3) A grade of rope, such as marline, white line,

tarred line, &c.

13. Naval: A number of ships arranged in a row when the ships are in one line ahead of each other; for action. A column is said to be in line ahead in line abreast when they are ranged in one line abeam of each other; in quarter-line when ranged in one line abaft each other's beam, but not right 14. Shipbuild.: A delineation of the form of a vessel, representing vertical and horizontal sections. 15. Surveying:

astern.

(1) A carefully measured line, which extends between two stations and forms the basis of triangulation. [BASE (1), A., II. 4.]

(2) The line laid down or protracted in a survey. [DIRECTION, (2).].

16. Teleg. The wire connecting one station with

another.

1. Hour lines:

of the sphere with the plane of the dial. Dialing: : The common sections of the hour circles

2. Line of battle: The disposition or arrangement of troops or ships for battle.

3. Line of beauty: The ideal line formed by a graceful figure of any kind, and which Hogarth, in his Analysis of Beauty, satisfactorily established as a curve, combining a kind of concave and convex termination, somewhat resembling an elongated S. 4. Line of dip:

Geol.: A line in the plane of a stratum perpendicular to its intersection with a horizontal plane. 5. Line of direction: [DIRECTION, (2).] 6. Line of fire:

Mil.: The direction of fire.

7. Line of life: A line on the inside of the hand, curving about the base of the thumb, and supposed to denote the length of the person's life. 8. Line of march: Military

(1) Disposition or arrangement of troops for marching.

(2) The direction taken by an army in its march. 9. Line of measures:

Geom. The line of measures of a circle, in spherical projections, is the line of intersection of the primitive plane with a plane passed through the axis of the primitive circle and that of the given circle.

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Ordnance: The line passing through the breech and muzzle sights of a gun at any elevation and the object.

13. Line of swiftest descent: [CYCLOID.]

14. Line of the nodes:

Astron.: The line joining the nodes of the orbit of a planet. [NODE.]

15. Mason & Dixon's Line:

Geog. The boundary line separating Pennsyl vania from Maryland and Virginia, surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, two English surveyors (1763-67). The phrase was very popular during the agitation of the question of excluding slavery from Missouri in 1820.

"The slaves that we ollers make the most on Air them north o' Mason and Dixon's Line." Lowell: Biglow Papers. 16. Meridian line: [MERIDIAN.] 17. Right line: A straight line; the shortest line that can be drawn away between any two points. 18. Ship of the line: A man-of-war. 19. The line: The regiments of foot. 20. To break the line:

Naut.: A maneuver by which one squadron ranged in line of battle breaks an opponent's line, by choice about the middle, and doubling upon the rearmost half of the enemy's line with the foremost portion of one's own line so as to take that part of the enemy between two fires and conquer it before the foremost and leeward portion of the enemy can beat back to its assistance.

21. Visual line: [LINE, 8., II. 3.]

line-engraving, s. A name given to a method of engraving on steel and copper plates, by which all the effects are produced by lines cut into the plate by the graver. It differs from etching, in which also the effects are produced by lines, in the method of producing them. In the latter the lines aze scratched upon a preparation on the surface of the plate, and bitten in with acid.

line-formation, s.

Mil. The disposition of soldiers on a wide front and shallow depth as compared with columnar formations with narrow front and great depth. It was first extensively used by Frederick the Great, battalions being in three ranks but in line. He moved in columns of companies across the enemy's front, and wheeled into line opposite his flank in more or less columnar for attack, but in the early order to attack. French formations were always Napoleonic wars the columns were at deploying interval, so as to form line if required for defense. British formations formerly were usually line in

two ranks, both for attack and defense. After the campaign of 1870-71, both formations, for attacking purposes, were abandoned, the line being too slow, the column too dense to advance without loss under the fire of breechloaders, and an "attack forma. tion," not dense and yet deep, was substituted. line-pin, s.

Bricklaying: A pin used by bricklayers to hold the line by which the bricks are laid. Its pointed end is forced into a mortar-joint of the building. line-rocket, s.

Pyrotech.: A small rocket made to run along an extended wire or line.

line-winder, s. A reel for a clothes-line, a chalkline, a log-line, &c.

line-wire, 8.

Teleg. The wire connecting stations. They are usually of iron, on account of its comparative cheapness and its tenacity, which allows a long reach between posts.

line (2), *lin, *lyne (2), s. [A. S. lin, from Latin linum flax.] [LINEN.]

*1. Ord. Lang.: Flax, linen.

2. Fiber: The finer and longer stapled flax separated from the shorter tow by means of the hackle (q. v.).

line, v. t. [LINE (1) & (2), 8.]

1. To draw lines on or upon; to mark with lines or fine strokes.

2. To draw, to delineate.

"All the pictures fairest lined
Are but black to Rosalind."
Shakesp.: As You Like It, iii. 2.

3. To read or repeat line by line.
4. To measure, as land, with a line.

5. To range in a line; as, to line soldiers.
In the preceding senses from line (1), s.

aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph f. -sious

chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; sin,

linea

6. To cover on the inside; to put or make a lining to; to put in the inside of.

In this sense from line (2), s.; the original meaning being to put linen inside anything. 7. To fill, to store.

"The diadem, with mighty projects lined,
To catch renown by ruining mankind."

Cowper: Table Talk, 59.

8. To place in a line by the side of or along. "The way from the hall to the western door of the abbey had been lined by Dutch soldiers."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xỉ.

9. To cover, as with something soft.

10. To cover, to impregnate. (Said especially of dogs.)

*11. To strengthen with new works; to cover and protect others.

To line bees: To track wild bees to their nests by following them in their line of flight. lin -ĕ-a, s. [Lat.] A line.

linea alba, s.

Anat.: A white tendinous band in front of the abdomen, and beneath the external oblique muscle, extending from the ensiform cartilage to the os pubis; on each side of it are the linea semilunaris, and connecting them together are three or four transverse bands, the lineæ transversa.

linea transversalis, s.

Bot.: The ostiolum of certain fungals.

lin -ĕ-age (age as Ig), *lignage, *linage, s. [Fr. lignage, from ligne a line; Sp. linage.] Race, family; line of descent; descendants in a line from a common progenitor.

lin-ě-al, a. [Lat. linealis pertaining to a line; linea a line.]

1. Composed of lines; delineated.

2. In the direction of a line; pertaining to or measured by a line; as, lineal measure.

3. Descending in a direct line from an ancestor. "And for the same his lineal race In darkness found a dwelling-place." Byron: Prisoner of Chillon, í.

4. Hereditary; derived from ancestors.

"Peace be to France, if France in peace permit
Our just and lineal entrance to our own."
Shakesp.: King John, ii. 1.

5. Allied by direct descent from a common ancestor.

"Queen Isabel, his grandmother,
Was lineal of the lady Ermengere."
Shakesp. Henry V., i. 2.

linear-problem, s.

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of right lines only. Math.: A problem that can be solved by the use

lin'-ě-ar-ly, adv. linear manner; with lines. lin -ĕ-ar-y, a. [Eng. linear; -y.] Linear. lin'-ě-ate, a. [Lat. lineatus, pa. par. of lineo=

[English linear; -ly.] In a

to mark with lines; linea=a line.] Bot.: Lined, the same as STRIATE. lin'-ě-āte, v. t. [LINEATE, a.] To delineate; to draw.

lin-ě-a-tion, s. [Latin lineatio, from lineatus, pa. par. of lineo-to mark with lines.] A draught of a line or lines; delineation.

tlin -ĕ-a-ture, 8. [LINEATE.] A drawing, a delineation, a figure.

lined, pa. par. & a. [LINE, v.]

1. Ord. Lang.: (See the verb.)

2. Bot. The same as LINEATE (q. v.). line -man, s. [Eng. line, s., and man.]

line is in proper condition. 1. Rail. Engin.: A man employed to see that the 2. Surv.: The man who carries the line in surveying, &c.

lin -ĕn, *lyn-en, *lyn-nen, s. & a. [Prop. adj. from Mid. Eng. lin=linen, with adj. suff. -en, as in wool, wool-en. A. S. lin-flax, linen, from Latin linum=flax; Gr. linon.] [LINE (2), s.]

A. As substantive:

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"Death of thy soul! those linen cheeks of thine
Are counsellors to fear."-Shakesp.: Macbeth, v. 3.
linen-prover, s. A small microscope for count-
ing the threads in linen fabrics. Its base has a

lineal-consanguinity, subst. Relationship by square opening, which exposes a certain area of

direct descent from a common ancestor.
lineal-descent, s. Direct descent from a com-

mon ancestor.

lin-ě-ǎl-1-ty, s. [Eng. lineal; -ity.) The qual

a

ity or state of being lineal, or in the form of a line.
lín -ě-al-ly, adv. [Eng. linal; -ly.]
In
lineal manner; by direct descent; in a direct line.
"From these our Henry lineally descends."
Shakesp.: Henry VI., Pt. III., iii. 3.
lin -ĕ-a-měnt, s. [Fr., from Lat. lineamentum,
from lineo-to draw a line; linea a line; Ital. &
Sp. lineamento.] The outline or exterior of a face
or figure, especially of the face; feature, look.

"Should her lineaments resemble
Those thou never more mayst see,
Then thy heart will softly tremble
With a pulse yet true to me."
Byron: Fare Thee Well.

lin -ĕ-ar, a. (Lat. linearis pertaining to a line; linea a line; Fr. linéaire; Ital. lineare.] 1. Ord. Lang.: Composed of lines; having the form of lines; consisting of lines.

2. Bot.: Narrow, short, with the two opposite margins parallel, as the leaf of Taxus.

linen, and the glass above enables the number of threads to be counted.

linen-roll, 8.

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are split from head to tail, cleaned, soaked in brine, washed and dried, and then are known as stock-fish (q. v.). The liver yields an oil used by the fishermen in their lamps, and it has been employed as a substitute for cod-liver oil.

ling (2), *lyng, *lynge (2), s. [Icel.lyng=ling. heather; Dan. lyng; Sw. ljung.]

1. Ord. Lang.: Heather, heath (q. v.).

2. Bot. The genus Calluna, and specially C. vulgaris. [CALLUNA.]

ling-bird, s.

Ornith. Alauda pratensis, the Titlark. It is called Ling-bird in the lake counties, of England, from constantly frequenting the moors. (Yarrell.) -ling, suff. [A. S.] A suffix commonly used in English with a diminutive force; as, duck, duckling a little duck.

lin'-ga, s. [LINGAM.]

Compar. Relig.: The same as LINGAM (q. v.). linga-purana, s.

Hindu Liter.: A purana (q. v.) in which the worship of the linga is advocated.

lin-găm, lin-gạ, s. [Mahratta, &c., linga, from Sansc. lingam (1) a inark, (2) the male organ of generation, (3) gender.]

Compar. Relig.: The male generative organ, worshiped by the Hindus as the emblem and even personification of Siva, to whose worship the temple of Elephanta, the chief place of this cult, is dedicated. [GROVE, PHALLUS-WORSHIP, NATUREWORSHIP.] It is a small conical stone, placed on a pedestal. Adoration of the lingam is probably of Turanian origin, though now constituting a part of Aryan worship in India.

"Nothing is more common than to connect the worship of the lingam with the impurities with which the Hindu religion is only too justly reproached. This, however, is a mistake. The worship of Siva is too severe, too stern, for the softer emotions of love, and all his temples are Serpent Worship, p. 76. lin-ga-yat, 8. [Mahratta, &c.] A Hindu sect whose object of worship is the lingam. They are common in Western and Southern India.

blance to a folded napkin. It was used in the fif- quite free from any allusion to it."-Fergusson. İree and
Arch.: An ornament, so called from its resem-
teenth and sixteenth centuries to fill panels.
lin'-en-dra-per, 8. [English linen, and draper.]
One who deals in linen goods. (Eng.)

*lin -en-er, lin nen-er, lin-en-măn, s. [Eng. linen; -er, and man.] A linendraper. (Ben Jonson: Silent Woman, iv. 1.)

lin-ĕ-o-lāte, a. [Mod. Latin lineolatus, from Lat. lineola a little line.]

Bot.: Marked by small lines.
lin-er, s. [Eng. line (1), s.; -er.]

I. Ord. Lang.: A vessel plying regularly between certain ports.

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2. Match.: A thin piece placed between parts to
adjust them; a packing piece.
3. Nautical:

Math. One whose terms are all of the first degree. occupy a position in the main line.
linear-micrometer, s.

(1) A line-of-battle ship; one large enough to

Optics: A graduated scale placed in the field of a telescope, and used to measure distances between objects.

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(2) A vessel belonging to a line plying regularly between two places; as, a Cunard liner.

lī ́-ně-ŭs, s. [Lat.=of flax, flaxen.] Zool. A genus of Plathelmintha (Flatworms), order Turbellaria. Lineus longissimus, the Sea Long-worm is fourteen feet long, by two to four lines broad.

*lin'-ey, a. [Eng. line (1), s.; -y.] Marked with fine lines.

ling (1), *lynge (1), *leenge, *lenge, s. [A. S. lenga=the long one, from lang=long; cf. with Dut. leng=a ling, from lang=long; Icel. langa, from lange-long; Norw. langa, longa; Sw. långa.]

*lin -gel, *lin'-gle, s. [Lat. lingula, dimin. of lingua a tongue; cf. Fr. ligneul, dimin. of ligne= a line.]

1. A shoe-latchet, a shoe-string. 2. A shoemaker's thread.

"His awl and lingel in a thong."

Drayton: Pastorals, ecl. iv.

3. A thong of leather. *lin-gençe, s. [Lat. lingens, pr. par. of lingo=to lick.] A medicine or preparation to be taken by licking; a lincture.

lin-ger, lin-gre, v. i. & t. [Mid. Eng. lengen= to stay, to linger, from A. S. lengan-to put off, to prolong, from lang=long, frequent, suff. -er: Icel. lengja to lengthen, from langr=long; Ger. rerlängern to prolong, from lang=long: Dut. verlengen to prolong, lengen to lengthen.]

A. Intransitive:

1. To delay, to loiter, to wait, to tarry, to remain; to be slow in moving.

"And while he lingered, the men laid hold upon his hand."-Genesis xix. 16.

2. To remain inactive in expectation of something.

"We have lingered about a match between Ann Page sor, iii. 2.

and my cousin Slender."-Shakesp: Merry Wives of Wind

*3. To be slow in deciding; to hesitate; to be in suspense.

4. To remain long in any state; to be protracted; as, a lingering illness.

what, fâll, father; wē, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre;

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lin-gle, s. [LINGEL.]

ll-gō, s. [Port., from Lat. lingua=a tongue.] A tongue, language, speech, dialect.

"I wished to learn something respecting the mystericus Romany lingo, so little known."-London Daily Telegraph.

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state they resemble Acari, except that the legs are only four. The male is much smaller than the female. They are ringed and flattened, with a mouth furnished with a horny ring and two horny hooks, one on each side. They are parasitic in the frontal sinuses and lungs of various mammals, and in the lungs of some reptiles. About twenty species have been described, the best known being Pentastoma tænioides, which infests the dog and the wolf.

lin-guět, s. [Fr.)

1. A tongue; a languet.

2. The piece of a sword-hilt which turns down over the mouth-piece of a scabbard.

lin'-gul-form, *11ǹ-gua-form (gu as gw), 8. [Lat. lingua=a_tongue, and forma form, shape, appearance.] Having the form or shape of a tongue.

lin-guist (gu as gw), 8. [Lat. lingu(a)=a tongue; Eng. suff. -ist.]

1. One who is skilled in languages; one who can speak several languages.

2. A master of language or conversation; one skilled in tongue-fence.

tlin-guist er (gu as gw), s. [Eng, linguist; -er.] One who dabbles in linguistics; a linguist, a philologer.

lin-guis -tic, lin-guls -tic-al (gu as gw), a. [Eng. linguist; -ic, -ical.] Of or pertaining to language or linguistics.

science of languages, or of the comparative gramlin-guistics (gu as gw), s. [LINGUISTIC.] The mar and etymology of words.

"The science of American linguistics is still in its infancy."-Brinton: Myths of the New World, ch. i. liǹ ́-gu-la, s. [Lat. a strap, a little tongue, from lingua a tongue, which the shell resembles.] Zool. & Palæont.: The typical genus of the family Lingulida (q. v.). The shell is oblong, comr A long lingo: An uninteresting or improbable pressed, obliquely gaping at each end. Recent story. species, sixteen, from India, the Eastern Islands, Australia, Polynesia, and the West of America. Lingule existed in the British seas as late as the Fossil ninety-one from the Lower Silurian till now. Coralline Crag.

lin-gua (gu as gw), s. [Lat.] Entom.: A tongue formed by a development of the central portion of the ligula. It is very distinct in bees.

lin-gua-cious (gu as gw), a. [Lat. linguax (genit. linguacis), from lingua a tongue.] Fond of using the tongue; talkative, loquacious.

lin-gua-děn -tal (gu as gw), a. & 8. [Lat. lingua the tongue; dens (genit. dentis) = a tooth, and Eng. adj. suff. al.]

A. As adj.: Formed or uttered by the joint action of the tongue and teeth, as the letters d and t. B. As subst.: A sound or letter formed or uttered by the joint action of the tongue and teeth.

*lingua-form (gu as gw), 8. [LINGUIFORM.] lin-gua frǎn-ca (gu as gw), s. [Ital.=a free tongue. A tongue which will enable one to be intelligible over a wide extent of country, even though it may not be the language of the districts over which he passes. The Hindustani is a lingua franca; it is intelligible over India, though there are at least twelve other widely spoken languages there, with many minor ones or dialects. lingual (gu as gw), a. & s. [As if from a Lat. lingualis, from lingua=the tongue.] A. As adjective :

lingula-flags, §. pl.

Geol. Micaceous flagstones and slates, 5,000 feet in thickness, of Upper Cambrian age, lying just below the Tremadoc slates in North Wales, and primordal zone. In 1846 Mr. E. Davis discovered in paleontologically the equivalent of Barrande's them the Lingula (now removed to the genus Lingulella), from which they are named. About forty fossils are found in the Lingula slates, only four of which continue in the Tremadoc rocks. Besides Lingulella davisii, there are a Phyllopod Crustacean (Hymenocaris vermicauda), and a trilobite (Olenus micrurus). Ashy tuffs are interstratified with the Lingula beds. (Lyell.)

lin-gu-late, a. [Lat. lingulatus, from lingula like the tongue or a strap; ligulate, linguiform. =a strap, dimin. of lingua a tongue.] Shaped lin-gu-11-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. lingul(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -idæ.]

Zool. & Palæont.: A family of Brachiopoda. The shell oblong or orbicular, subequivalve, attached by a pedicle passing out between the valves; texture horny, minutely tubular. Animal with a highly vascular mantle, fringed with horny setæ, oral 1. Of or pertaining to the tongue; as, the lingual arms, thick, fleshy, spiral. Genera, Lingula and Obolus.

nerves.

2. Formed by means of the tongue.

B. As subst.: A letter or sound produced by means of the tongue; as, sh, zh.

lingual-artery, s.

Anat.: A branch of the external carotid, which supplies the under surface of the tongue, and, meetang its fellow on the opposite side, unites at the tip of the tongue to form the ranine artery.

lingual-ribbon, 8.

Zool. One of the names for the masticatory apparatus in Gasteropodous Mollusks. Called also the Tongue, Odontophore, or Radula (q. v.). lingual-teeth, s. pl.

Zool.: Amber-colored, glossy, and translucent recurved spines on the muscular "lingua " or tongue of certain mollusks, as Trochus, Cypræa, &c. liên-quát -ụ lạ (gu as gw), 8. [Fem. dimin. of Lat. linguatus gifted with a tongue.] Zool.: The typical genus of the order Linguatulila (q.v.).

lin-guắt- ụ-li-nạ (gu as gw), 8. [Mod. Lat. linguatul(a); Lat. neut. pl. adj. suff. -ina.]

Zool. An order of Arachnida. The animals are So vermiform that they have sometimes been placed with the intestinal worms, but in the immature

boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat,

çell,

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ling - (1), a. [Prob. connected with long (q. v.).] 1. Tall, limber, flexible. (Prov.)

2. Active, strong; able to bear fatigue. *ling - (2), a. [English ling (2); -y.] Heathy, heathery.

lin-hay', s. [Etym. doubtful.] A shed open at the sides, commonly used to run wagons and carts into when they are not in use. The word is also applied to a similar shed erected for occasional shelter for cattle on exposed pastures.

*11-nig -ĕr-oŭs, a. [Lat. linum=flax, hemp; gero to carry, and Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Bearing or producing flax or linen.

lin-1-ment, s. [Fr., from Lat. linimentum an ointment, from lino-to smear; Ital., Port., & Sp. linimento.]

Med.: A soft or thin ointment; a substance or preparation thinner than an ointment but thicker than oil. A stimulating preparation for external application. Garrod enumerates sixteen linimenta. They are: Linimentum aconiti, L. ammonia, L. camphora, L. saponis, &c. chorus, chin, bench; thin, go, gem; this;

link-worming

11-nin, s. [Lat., &c., lin(um) (q. v.); Eng. suff. in.]

Chem.: A crystallizable substance obtained from Linum catharticum, commonly known as Purging flax. It is extracted with ether, from which it separates as white crystals of a silky luster. It dissolves in alcohol, and is persistently bitter. lin -Ing, pr. par., a. & s. [LINE, v.]

A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the

verb.)

C. As substantive:

I. Ordinary Language:

1. The act of covering on the inside. along or by the side of anything. 2. The act of ranging, as a body of men, in a line

3. The covering of the inside of anything, as of a dress, a box, &c. 4. That which is within; contents.

"The lining of his coffers shall make coats." II. Technically:

Shakesp.: Richard II., i. 4.

1. Hydraul. Engin.: Puddle laid on the sides of a canal, to prevent the percolation of water.

2. Join.: Inside boarding; in contradistinction to outside sheathing or boxing, called casing. A cov ering of an interior surface, such as the boxing of window-shutters, the facings on each side of a doorway, &c.

boshes of a puddling-furnace; the inside surface 3. Metall.: The fixing or protecting stuff on the

material of a blast-furnace (q. v.).

hlekkra link; Dan. lanke a chain, a fetter; Sw. link (1), 8. [A. S. hlence, hlenca; cogn. with Icel. länk a link; Ger. gelenk a joint, a link, a ring; lenken to turn, to bend; connected with A. S. hlinc =a ridge, a balk; hring=a ring.]

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"Cracking ten thousand curbs Of more strong links asunder, than can ever Appear in your impediment." Shakesp.: Coriolanus, i. 1. (2) Anything doubled and closed together, like a link.

"Make a link of horse-hair very strong, and fasten it to the end of the stick that springs.' -Mortimer: Husbandry, (3) (Pl.): A chain.

"Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron Can be retentive to the strength of spirits." Shakesp.: Julius Caesar, i. 3. (4) A sausage; so called because they are made in a continuous chain.

2. Figuratively:
(1) Anything which connects; a bond.

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"I have here only chosen this single link of martyrs." -Addison: On the Christian Religion.

3. A winding or meandering of a river. II. Technically: ·

1. Mach. A short connecting bar with a bearing in each end, for transmitting motion from one rod or lever to another.

2. Surv.: The length of one section of Gunter's chain, 7.92 inches, the 100th part of 66 feet; 10,000 square links make a statute acre.

3. Steam Engin.: The link-motion (q. v.). link-lever, s.

Rail. Engin.: The reversing lever of a locomotive. link-motion, s.

Steam Engin.: Gear by which the valve is operated in locomotives and similar engines. It acts as a variable cut-off, or reverses the steam, or renders the valve inactive, as may be required. It consists of two eccentrics and their rods, one for the forward and the other for the backward eccentric: the outer ends of the rods are connected by a slot link (hence the name), and the end of the valve-rod works in the slot. The steam-valves are partially opened, quickly closed again, so that the admission of steam ceases some time before the termination of the stroke, and the steam, being cut off, is worked ex pansively. The nearer the slide is to the middle of the slot, the quicker is the cut-off.

link-work, 8. Work in which motion is com municated by connecting pieces.

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