81. To lay siege to: lay (1) Lit.: To beleaguer, to besiege. solicitations. 32. To lay wait: To lie in ambush for. 33. To lay the course: 2486 lay-brother, lay-sister, 8. Eccles. & Ch. Hist.: A person who takes the (2) Fig.: To importune; to annoy with persistent habits and vows of religion, but is employed mostly in manual labor, and is therefore exempt from the duties of the choir, where such exist, or from the studies, &c., incumbent on the other members of instance on record of lay-brothers occurred in the monastery of Vallombrosa, in the earlier part of the eleventh century. Lay-brothers and lay-sisters are now universal, or nearly so; and are found in the sisterhoods of the Anglican obedience. Navig.: To sail toward the port intended without religious orders where there is no choir. The first tacking. 35. To lay violent hands on one's self: To commit suicide. *31. To lay on load: To strike violently; to lay on blows. "He rides secure in Heroes rode lay-clerk, s. A person, not in holy orders, who was originally a deputy or substitute performing the musical duties of a prebend or canon of a cathedral; a lay-vicar (q. v.). *lay-communion, s. Eccles. & Ch. Hist.: An almost obsolete expression, frequent in the Early Church to describe the state to which a cleric was reduced by forfeiting lay (1), s. (LAY, v.] the right to exercise his functions without being I. Ordinary Language: excommunicated and losing the ordinary privi*1. That which lies or is laid; a row, a layer, a leges of a Christian. In the Roman Church a cleric in minor orders is reduced to lay-communion by "Upon this they lay a layer of stone, and upon that a his obligation-wearing the clerical dress, reciting marriage; and a priest dispensed by the Pope from lay of wood."-Mortimer: Husbandry. stratum. *2. Station, rank. 3. A wager, a bet, an obligation. "Sir Walter looked upon it as an uneven lay to stake himself against Sir Amias."-Oldys: Life of Sir Walter Raleigh. 4. A share of profits; specif., the proportion of the proceeds of a whaling voyage, bargained for by the men when engaging. 5. A scheme, a plan. (Slang.) Oliver Twist, ch. xlii. the breviary, and observing celibacy-is usually prohibited from exercising sacerdotal functions. (Addis & Arnold.) lay-corporation, s. (See extract.) "Lay-corporations are either civil or eleemosynary. The civil are such as are erected for a variety of temporal ration to prevent the possibility of an interregnum: other purposes. The sovereign, for instance, is made a corpolay-corporations are erected for the good government of a town, and some for the better carrying on of divers "The lay is just to take that money away."-Dickens: special purposes; as the College of Physicians in London, for the improvement of the medical science; the Royal Society for the advancement of natural knowledge; and the Society of Antiquaries for promoting the study of antiquities. The eleemosynary sort are such as are constituted for the perpetual distribution of the free alms, or bounty, of the founder of them, to such persons as he has directed. Of this kind are all hospitals for the maintenance of the poor, sick, and impotent: and all colleges, both in our universities, and out of them."-Blackstone: Comment., bk. i., ch. 14. II. Technically: 1. Cotton-manuf.: 120 yards of yarn. The yarn is wound on a reel 41⁄2 feet in circumference, eighty revolutions of which make a lay, and seven lays make a bank of 840 yards. The lay is also called a rap or ley. 2. Flax-manuf.: 300 yards of linen yarn. 3. Print.: The proper position of the sheet of paper and the form of type on the bed of a press or machine, when ready for working. 4. Rope: The direction in which the respective yarns, strands, &c., are wound in forming them into a rope, hawser, cable, &c. 5. Wool-manuf. A quantity of wool or other fiber in a willow or carding-machine. 6. Weaving: The batten or lathe of a loom, by which the weft-threads are beaten up in the shed to compact them against their predecessors. [LATHE, 2.] lay-day, s. One of a certain stipulated number of days allowed to a freighter or charterer of a vessel for loading or unloading cargo. lay-down, a. A term applied to a certain style of collar which folds down over the necktie. lay-fee, s. Lands held in fee of a lay-lord, as distinguished from those belonging to the Church. great tithes of a benefice. [IMPROPRIATOR.] lay-impropriator, s. A layman who holds the lay-investiture, s. ties of a benefice, as distinguished from investiture Eccles. Law: Investiture with the temporaliwith the spiritualities. *lay-lord, 8. Naut.: A civil member of the Board of Admiralty; a civil-lord. lay-sermon, s. A sermon written or preached by a layman; a sermon on secular subjects. lay-sister, s. [LAY-BROTHER.] lay-vicar, s. One of the officers of a cathedral whose duty it is to sing that portion of the music of the services which can be performed by laymen or Weaving: The shuttle-path on the lay of a loom; men in minor orders. In some of the old cathethe shuttle-race. *lay (2), s. & a. [LEA.] A. As subst.: A meadow. "A tuft of daisies on a flowry lay they saw." Dryden: Flower and Leaf, 360. B. As adj.: Untilled, unemployed. "Let wife and land lie lay till I return." lay (3), s. [LATHE (2), 2.] lay (5), *lai, s. [O. Fr. lai, lay; Prov. lais; cf. Wel. llais a voice, a sound; Ir. laoi, laoidh a song, a hymn; Gael. laoidh a verse, a hymn; A. S. leódh, liódh; Icel. ljódh; O. H. Ger. liod; Ger. lied a song.] A song, a ballad, a narrative poem in simple style and light meter. lay (6), a. & s. [O. Fr. lai, from Lat. laicus; Gr. laikos pertaining to the people; laos-the people.] [LAIC.] A. As adjective: 1. Of or pertaining to the people, as distinguished from the clergy; not clerical. 2. Of or pertaining to the general body of people, as distinguished from those who are engaged in any profession or pursuit. 3. Uneducated, ignorant, unlearned. *B. As subst.: The laity. drals they formed a corporation, often jointly with the priest vicars. In many cathedrals the vicars choral were formerly in priest's orders. With certain exceptions, in the new cathedrals lay-vicars are not in holy orders, and are merely stipendiary singers. *lay-woman, s. A woman not under vows. *layd, pret. & pa. par. of v. [Lay, v.] *lay en, s. pl. [LAY (2), 8.] lāy -er, s. [Eng. lay, v.; -er.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. One who or that which lays; as bricks or eggs "The oldest are always reckoned the best sitters and the youngest the best layers."-Mortimer: Husbandry. 2. A stratum, a row, a bed; a coat or coating of one body spread over another. "The terrestrial matter is disposed into strata or layers."-Woodward: Fossils. 3. One who wagers or bets. II. Technically: 1. Brickwork, masonry, &c.: A course of stone or brick; a thickness or bed of puddled clay in a canal; a bed of mortar or cement. 2. Husbandry: A limb laid a part of its length beneath the surface of the ground, that it may strike root. lazaret-fever 8. Leather-manuf.: A welt or strengthening strip. 4. Tanning: A pit containing a strong solution of tannin, used for hides near the conclusion of the tanning process; a bloomer. layer-on, 8. into a printing machine. (Eng.) Print.: A person employed to feed down sheets layer-out, s. One who expends mones; a stew ard, a dispenser. layer-up, s. 1. One who lays up or treasures things. Husbandry: To propagate by means of layers. lāy-er-böard, lay -er-board-ing, lear-board, ing the lead of gutters. 8. [Eng. layer, and board.] Boarding for sustain *lay -ĕr-, a. [Eng. layer; -y.] Growing in layers. la-yette', s. [Fr.] The outfit or various articles necessary for a new-born infant. lāy'-Ing, pr. par., a. & s. [LAY, v.] A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.) C. As substantive: I. Ord. Lang.: The act of setting, placing, or depositing; the act of depositing eggs; a number of eggs laid. II. Technically: 1. Plastering: The first coat of plastering in twocoat work. The surface is made rough by a broom to form a key for the next coat. 2. Rope-making: The twisting of three (or more) yarns into a strand, or of three strands into a rope. The hooks by which the strands are made are rotated in a direction contrary to the twist of the opposite yarns. The rope again receives a twist the opposite of the strands. Laying on of hands: [IMPOSITION.] laying-hook, s. Rope-making: One of the iron hooks on the poles of a ropewalk in which the strands are laid as twisted. A machine for laying up laying-machine, s. yarns into rope. laying-on tool, s. Bookbinding: The tool with which the gold-leaf is laid on the cover or the edge. laying-top, s. Rope-making: A conical piece of wood placed between the strands, and gradually withdrawn as the lay progresses, in order to keep the twist well to the point at which the strands diverge. *lay -lănd, s. [Eng, lay (2), s., and land.] Land lying untilled; fallow land, pasture land. lay-man, s. [Eng. lay, a., and man.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. One of the people, as distinguished from one of the clergy; a man who is not a clergyman. "Laymen will neither admonish one another themselves, nor suffer ministers to do it."-Government of the Tongue. fession or pursuit. 2. One who does not belong to any particular pro II. Art: The same as LAY-FIGURE (1) (q. v.). *lay-ship, s. [Eng. lay, a.; -ship.] The quality or state of being a layman. 8. *lay-stâll, *laye-stowe, *ley-stall, *loi-stal, Eng. lay, and stall.] 1. A heap of dung; a place where dung is kept. 2. A place where milch cows are kept. lazar, *laz-ard, s. [Fr. lazare; Sp. lazaro, from Lat. Lazarus; Gr. Lazaros, the name of the beggar in the parable (Luke xvi. 20), a contract. of Heb. Eleazar.] A leper; one infected with a filthy and contagious disease. lazar-house, s. The same as LAZARETTO (q. v.). lazar-like, a. The same as LAZARLY (q. v. ). lăz-ar-ět, lăz-ar-ět -tō, s. [Ital. lazzeretto=a plague-hospital.] [LAZAR.] 1. A hospital for persons suffering from some contagious disease; a pest-house. 2. A building, ship, &c., in which the crew and passengers of a ship arriving from some infected port are placed in quarantine. 3. A room or place in large merchant-vessels in which provisions and stores for the voyage are laid up. lazaret-fever, s. Pathol. A low fever, prevalent in crowded lasarettos, where the air is overloaded with septic exhalations from the patients. (Dunglison.) pine, pit, sïre, sir, fate, fat, färe, amidst, what, fall, father; wé, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; marîne; gō, pot, def.1 Lazarists Lăz'-ar-Ists, Lăz'-ar-ite§, s. pl. [For etym. see Religious Orders: The popular name for the "Congregation of Priests of the Mission," founded by St. Vincent de Paul, in March, 1624, and established a few years later in the College of St. Lazare at Paris, whence their name. The Congregation (confirmed by Urban VIII. in 1632) had a threefold purpose: the sanctification of its own members, the work of the missions, and the training of an exemplary clergy. They were expelled from France in 1792; allowed to return under Napoleon I.; and, under the Restoration, a house was assigned them in the Rue de Sévres. The missions in China and the Levant, left vacant by the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773, were transferred to the Lazarists. They have one house in England, one in Scotland, and five houses in Ireland, where they are usually known as Vincentians, from their founder. lăz-ar-ly, a. [Eng. lazar; -ly.] Like a lazar; leprous; full of sores. lǎz-ar-ō'-ní (z as ts), s. pl. [LAZZARONI.] *lăz'-ar-oŭs, a. [Eng. lazar; -ous.] Leprous, diseased. laz-ar-wõrt, lãs -er-wõrt, s. [LASERPITIUM.] *lāze, v. i. & t. [A corrupt. of Mid. Eng. lasche, lache, lashe, lash or laish=vapid, insipid, slow, from O. Fr. lasche (Fr. lâche), from Ital. lasco=lazy, idle, from Lat. larus-lax, loose.] 2487 lb., . [An abbreviation for Lat. libra=a pound weight.] A pound weight. lēa (1), léy (1), 8. [LAY (1), s.] 1. Cotton: One hundred and twenty yards of yarn. lead-chloride laz-za-rō -ni (laz as lǎtz), s. pl. [Ital.. from lead from its melted condition, the melting-point of Lazarus, the beggar in the parable.] [LAZAR.] the argentiferous alloy being lower than that of The poorer class of Neapolitans, who idle about, pure lead. When the alloy contains 300 ounces to the ton, it is placed in a furnace and a blast of air depending for their living upon odd jobs, such as running messages, acting as occasional servants, allowed to play over it, which removes the lead as oxide and leaves the silver in the pure state. Lead fishing, &c. is of a bluish-white color, and is one of the softest of metals. It may be cut with the nail, and leaves its mark upon paper. Its ductility and tenacity are low in the scale, but it may be converted into tolerably thin sheets, as well as drawn into wire. It fuses at 325, and may with difficulty be obtained in cubic or octahedral crystals. Its specific gravity is 11:38. The lead of commerce is often nearly pure and can be obtained perfectly so by reduction of the pure nitrate. It is not acted upon by sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, but is readily dissolved by dilute nitric and acetic acids. Metallic lead, exposed to the action of air and pure water, is powerfully corroded, and as a result the water is found to have dissolved the oxide of lead. The impurities of most waters modify this tendency by forming a thin film on the surface of the metal and so preventing any further oxidation. The presence of nitrates and ammonia favor the solution of lead, and sulphates and phosphates diminish the tendency. As a sanitary precaution, slate cisterns are greatly to be preferred to leaden ones. Lead enters into the composition of type-metal, pewter, Britannia metal, and plumbers' solder. The best tests for lead are hydric sulphide, which forms a black sulphide, and potassic chromate, which gives a yellow 4. Knitting machine: = léa (2), *lay, *ley (2), s. [A. S. leáh, leá (genit. lea-rig, s. A grassy ridge. (Scotch.) [A. S. leah; Ger. lauge.] A. Intrans.: To live in idleness; to spend one's order that its soluble portions may be removed by precipitate of lead chromate. time lazily and idly. B. Trans.: To waste or spend in idleness. "He that takes liberty to laze himself, and dull his spirits for lack of use, shall find the more he sleeps, the more he shall be drowsy."-Whateley: Redemption of Time (1634), p. 23. *laze, 8. [LAZE, v.] Laziness, inaction. 1. A vat or chamber in which a body is placed, in soaking and infiltration. It is a filtering operation in which the liquid removes the soluble matter from the material through which it flows. A familiar instance is the ash-leach. In the bark-leach, the bark is contained between two perforated horizontal partitions in the leach, the lower one having a coiled steam-pipe for heating the contents. The menstruum may be forced through the bark in lāz-1-1, adv. [Eng. lazy; ly.] In a lazy, idle either direction by means of pipes furnished with manner; idly, sluggishly. láz -I-ness, s. [Eng. lazy; -ness.] 1. The quality or state of being lazy; idleness, sloth, indolence; indisposition to action or exertion. "Shall we keep our hands in our bosom, or stretch our. selves on our beds of laziness."-Barrow: Sermons, vol. iii., ser. 19. 2. Slowness, sluggishness; as, laziness of motion. *lāzing, a. [Eng. laz (e); -ing.] Lazy, sluggish, indolent. lăz -u-lī, s. [Prov. lazuli; Fr. & Mod. Latin lapis lazuli, from Low Lat. lazulum, lazurius, lazur; Sp. & Port. azul=blue.] [AZURE.] Min.: (LAPIS LAZULI]. lǎz'-u-lite, s. [LAZULI.] Min.: A monoclinic mineral occurring in crystals, frequently twinned, and also massive. Hardness 5 to 6; specific gravity 3'057 to 3122; luster vitreous; color azure-blue to a pale greenish-blue; streak white; brittle. Composition: Phosphoric acid 46'8; alumina 340, magnesia 132; water 6'0=100, identical with the formula Al2O3PO + (MgO.FeO) HO. First found crystallized near Werfen. Salzburg, and subsequently disseminated in a sandstone in Lincoln Co., Georgia; and massive at other localities. láz-, *laes-ie, *laz-ie, a. [Eng. laz(e); -y.] 1. Idle, indolent, sluggish; disinclined for action or exertion; averse to labor; slothful. 2. Sluggish; moving slowly or sluggishly. 3. Tedious, tardy. valves to determine the said current. 2. A quantity of wood-ashes through which water leach, leech, lětçh, v. t. & i. [LEECH (3), s.] leach-ing, pr. par., a., & s. [LEACH, v.] leach -, a. [Eng. leach; -y.] Allowing escape lead (1), *led, *leed, s. & a. [A. S. leád, lead; Cogn. with Dut. lood; Sw. & Dan. lod; Ger. loth M. H. Ger. lót.] A. As substantive: I. Ordinary Language: 1. In the same sense as II. 3. "There is a great difference, and discernable even to the eye, betwixt the several ores; for instance, of lead."Boyle: Works, i. 323. 2. A small stick of graphite or plumbago used in 4. Causing laziness or indisposition for action or pencils. exertion; enervating. 5. Wicked, vicious, wrong. lazy-back, s. Vehicles: A high back-bar to a carriage-seat. It is sometimes made shifting, so as to be removed at will. lazy-bed, s. Agric.: A method of growing potatoes; the seed 3. (Pl.): A flat roof covered with sheet-lead. 4. The came of a diamond-paned or lattice-casement. [CAMES.] II. Technically: 1. Alchemy: Lead was known to the ancients, and assigned to the planet Saturn, and hence was represented by the alchemists by the same sign. (1) Solder in which various members are imbed(2) Tho tin socket which forms a haft for the ded, and by which they are attached. knitting-needle. 5. Min.: Reported to have been found in many localities in thin plates and small globules, in rocks of various ages and in modern lavas, but mostly in small quantity. Lately, however, it has been discovered in a larger amount in the iron and manganese ore-bed of Pajsberg. Wermland, Sweden, associated with hematite, magnetite and hausmannite. Also at Nordmark, Sweden. 6. Naut.: A plummet or mass of lead used in An ordinary hand-lead weighs sounding at sea. length. from 7 to 11 pounds, attached to a line of 20 fathoms The line is marked at 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17 and 20 fathoms; the numbers between the marks are called deeps. Thus by the mark twain." quarter less 5, "and a half 7," "by the deep 9," indicate those depths respectively. The deep-sea lead weighs 25 to 30 pounds, with a much larger line marked at overy 10 fathoms. potatoes are placed in rows on the surface of the anciently known metals, and is mentioned in the ically to molten lead, with which it forms an alloy. 2. Archæol., Hist., &c.: Lead is one of the most 3. Chem.: Symbol Pb". Atomic weight, 207. A lazy-tongs, s. pl. A system of levers, in pairs, crossing one another, and turning on a pin in the middle, in the same manner as a pair of scissors. Each pair is connected at the extremities to the next pair or pairs, so that the impulse communicated to the first pair passes through the series. The motion is used in many appliances and machines. The instrument derives its name from the fact that by its use one may lift an object at some distance without rising from the chair or couch. , -cious lead-carbonate, s. 1. Chem.: PbCO3=COPbO", the white lead of the painter. It is produced by exposing metallic lead to the action of weak vinegar in the presence of carbonic acid arising from decomposing spent tan, which is placed in immediate contact with the lead. A gradual process of oxidation goes on, the oxide formed being slowly converted into carbonate. It is then pulverized to an impalpable powder under water. 2. Min.: The same as CERUSSITE (q. v.). 1. Chem.: PbCl2. Obtained by precipitating a so- lead - lead chloro-carbonate, s. Min.: The same as CROMFORDITE (q. v.). lead-chromate, s. Min.: The same as CROCOITE (q. v.). lead-chromomolybdate, s. lead-poisoning, s. 2488 Med.: Painters' colic; characterized by a blue line along the gums, with dropped wrist indicative of paralysis, swelling of the tongue; occasionally, pains in the stomach, bowels, and bones, with debility and emaciation. The only remedy is the elimi Min. A red variety of WULFENITE (q. v.), con- nation of the lead from the system. taining chromium. lead-chromophosphate, s. Min.: An orange-red variety of Pyromorphite (q. v.), containing chromium. lead-colic, s. Pathol. Colic produced by lead poisoning (q. v.). lead-colored, a. Bot.: Slate gray, with a slightly metallic luster. lead-comb, 8. A comb made of lead, used for the purpose of darkening the hair. lead-cutter, s. lead-pot, s. Metal.: A crucible or pot for melting lead. lead-selenate, s. Min.: The same as KERSTENITE (q. v.). lead-selenide, s. Min.: The same as CLAUSTHALITE (q. v.). lead-shot, s. [SHOT, s.] lead-sinker, s. Knitting-mach.: One of the devices which alternate with the jack-sinkers in the depression of the loops between the needles. The lead-sinkers are all Print.: A knife for cutting leads which are held attached to one bar, called the sinker-bar, and are in a tray the while. raised or lowered all together. lead-flat, s. A level roof, consisting of sheet-lead laid on boarding and joists. lead-furnace, s. The furnace by which the ores of lead are reduced to the metallic state. The sulphuret, commonly known as galena, is the principal source from which the pure metal is derived. The ore, having been picked, is broken and washed to separate earthy and siliceous matters. It is then roasted until about half the charge is converted into sulphate of lead, when this and the portion which remains intact are thoroughly mixed, and the heat rapidly increased, by which means sulphurous-acid is driven off, and pure metallic lead remains. lead-glance, s. Min.: The same as GALENITE (q. v.). lead-gray, s. & a. A. As subst.: A color resembling lead. B. As adj.: Of a gray color like lead; leaden gray. lead-lights, s. pl. A form of casement window in which small panes are fixed in leaden cames, which are attached to cross-bars called saddle-bars. lead-like, adv. As heavy as lead; like lead. lead-line, s. Naut.: A sounding-line. lead-mill, s. A circular disc of lead with an abradant powder, used by the lapidary for roughing and grinding. lead-mine, s. A mine from which lead or leadore is obtained. lead-molybdate, s. Min.: The same as WULFENITE (q. v.). lead murio-carbonate, s. Min. The same as CROMFORDITE (q. v.). lead-nail, s. 1. Ord. Lang.: A small, round-headed, copper alloy nail, used for fastening lead-sheets on roofs. 2. Naut.: A scupper-nail. lead-ocher, lead-ochre, s. Min.: The same as MASSACot (q. v.). lead-ore, s. Min.: The same as MATLOCKITE and MENDIPITE (q. v.). lead oxychloro-iodide, s. Min.: The same as SCHWARTZEMBERGITE (q. v.). lead-palsy, s. Pathol.: Palsy following or accompanying Painters' Colic [LEAD-POISONING], though it may arise independently of it. lead-pencil, 8. A marking and drawing instru ment, made by inclosing a slip of graphite (commonly called plumbago, or black-lead) in a casing of wood. This is generally round or hexagonal, but large pencils for the use of carpenters and others are sometimes made oval in section. "He fashioneth the clay with his arm, he applieth himself to lead it over; and he is diligent to make clean the furnace."-Ecclus. xxxviii. 30. 2. Print.: To space out or widen the space between lines by inserting leads between them. lead (2), *lede (pa. t. *ladde, *ledde, led; pa. par. *lad, *ylad, led), v. t. & i. [A. S. ladan (pa. t. ladde, pa. par. láded) to show the way; lád a path, a way, from lidhan to travel, to go; cogn. with Icel. leidha to lead; from leidh a way; from lead; from led a way, a course; from lid to pass, lidha to go, to pass, to move along; Sw. leda to to go on; Dan. lede to lead; from led a gate; from lide to glide on; Ger. leiten to lead; from O. H. Ger. lidan=to go, to go away; Dut. leiden to lead; Goth, ga-leithan to go: pa, t. ga-laith; pa. par, gu-lithans.] A. Transitive: I. Ordinary Language: 1. To guide or conduct with the hand. "They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill."-Luke iv. 29. ments. 2. To conduct; to guide or direct in the move"Gabriel, lead forth to battle these my sons Invincible." Milton: P. L., vi. 46. 3. To guide by showing the way; to conduct, to direct. "When thou goest, it shall lead thee."-Prov. vi. 22. 4. To precede; to introduce by going first. "I have received much honor by your presence, And ye shall find me thankful. Lead the way, lords." Shakesp.: Henry VIII., v. 4. 5. To keep in front of; to be faster than. "Goldhawk had no difficulty in leading and beating Jupiter."-Field. 6. To guide; to show the method of attaining. 7. To induce, to prevail. 2. To have a direction toward; to conduct. "The mountain-foot that leads toward Mantua." Shakesp.: Two Gentlemen of Verona, v. 2 3. To have the position of commander, director, or chief. 4. To be faster than another; to be first. "Marmora led to the drain."-Field. 5. To have the post of preeminence or proce dence; as, to lead in an orchestra. 6. To entice, to draw on, to induce; as, Gambling leads to other vices. II. Cards: To play the first card in a round or trick; to have the lead. ¶ (1) To lead off: To make a start; to do any thing first. (2) To lead on: To entice, to allure; to draw on. "Appoint him a meeting, give him a show of comfort, and lead him on with a fine-baited delay."—Shakesp Merry Wives of Windsor, ii. 1. (3) To lead up to: To maneuver so as to gain an end. lead (2), s. [LEAD (2), v.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. Precedence; the first place; guidance. "The party which takes the lead there has no longer any apprehensions."-Burke: On a Regicide Peace, let. & 2. A navigable opening or passage through a field of ice. 3. A watercourse, a lade (q. v.). II. Technically: 1. Cards: The right of playing the first card in a round or trick; the card or suit so played. 2. Engineer. The distance from an earth-cutting to an embankment. 3. Mining: A lode or vein of ore. be given out by one particular part. When the word is used as a direction, it calls attention to the importance of that point. 4. Music: A point or short passage which has to 5. Sawing: The overhang of a saw, to extend the cut throughout the length of the saw and to carry it back in the kerf during the return stroke. 6. Steam-engine: (1) An arrangement of the ports of a steam-valve by which steam is admitted in front of the piston a little before the end of the piston-stroke. Also an arrangement of the ports to provide for the escape of the steam from behind the piston before the it is called outside lead; when on the exhaust it is completion of the stroke. When on the steam side inside lead. It tends to check the velocity of the piston at the end of the stroke, and allows of the valve being open and ready to admit a larger supply of steam the instant the motion of the piston is reversed. (2) The setting of the crank of one engine a little in advance of the right angle to the other: viz., at 100° or 110° in place of 90°. This assists in rendering the motion of the piston more uniform, by moder ating its velocity at the end of the stroke. Called also lead of the crank. 7. Theat.: The leading or principal part; also, the person who plays it." lead-harness, s. The harness appertaining to the leading horses of a team, differing from that used with wheelers or thillers, which has breeching to enable them to hold or push back the vehicle. lead -ěd, a. [Eng. lead (1); -ed.] 1. Ord. Lang.: Fitted or provided with lead. 2. Print.: Separated by thin slips of lead, as lines in printing. lead-en, *led-en, a. [Eng. lead (1); -en.] I. Literally: 1. Made of lead; consisting of or of the nature of lead. "A leaden tower upheaves its heavy head, "What I did, I did in honor, Led by the impartial conduct of my soul." Shakesp.: Henry IV., Pt. II., v. 2. 2. Of the color of lead; dark; as, a leaden sky. father; wě, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sïre, sir, marîne; gō, pot, with carbonate of lead, represented by the formula 1. Sluggish, inert; indisposed to action or ex- PbOSO, +3PbOCO2. Found with other lead minerals at Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and sparingly ertion. 4. Stupid, absurd. leaden-colored, a. in color. Dull gray, resembling lead "The low moan of leaden-colored seas." Tennyson: Enoch Arden, 613. leaden-hearted, a. Destitute of feeling. “O leaden-hearted men, to be in love with death !" Thomson: Castle of Indolence, ii. 54. *leaden-heeled, a. Moving slowly; slow, tardy. *leaden-paced, a. Slow in moving; tardy. *leaden-spirited, a. Dull, depressed. "Lean-fac'd leaden-spirited saturnists."-Davies: Humors; Heaven on Earth, p. 10. leaden-stepping, adj. Moving slowly; tardy. (Milton: Ode on Time.) *leaden-witted, a. Dull, stupid. "Belike, then, all we university men were leadenwitted."-Fuller: Abel Redivivus (Works, ii. 243). leader, *led-er, *leed-er, s. [Eng. lead (2), v.; -er.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. One who or that which leads; one who guides or conducts; one who shows the way; one who does anything first; a guide, a conductor. 2. A captain, a commander, a general. "Ye sons of Greece! partake your leader's care; 8. The chief of a party, faction, profession, &c. 4. A leading article in a newspaper; an editorial article. "He only read one newspaper, innocent of leaders."— G. Eliot: Adam Bede, bk. v.., ch. lii. 5. One of the leading or front horses in a team of four or more, as distinguished from the wheelers, or those nearest the vehicle; or the foremost of two in a tandem. "For wheelers, two bays, and for leaders two grays," Barkam: Ingoldsby Legends; Black Mousquetaire. 6. The primary or terminal shoot of a tree. II. Technically: 1. Mach.: A master wheel or principal wheel in a piece of machinery. 2. Mining: A small vein of ore; indicating proximity to a larger lode, usually leading thereto. 3. Music: The name of the principal first violinist, in an orchestra; of the chief clarinetist in a military band; and of the chief cornet-player in a bras band. Before the introduction of a separate conductor, the leader of an orchestra was its director, and gave the tempo with his fiddle-bow, a custom which has led to the use of a fiddle-bow as a baton in France. [CONDUCTOR.] 4. Naut.: A thimble for conducting or guiding a rope which passes through it; a fair-leader. 5. Plumb. A rain-water pipe to conduct the water collected by the spouting to the ground. 6. Print. (pl.): Dots on a line to lead the eye across the page or column are called leaders; as: Anchor.... page 94 7. Pyrotechnics: A long paper tube of small diameter, inclosing a strand of quickmatch, used for communicating fire rapidly from one point to another. Quickmatch thus inclosed burns much more rapidly than in the 8. Survey.: The forwardpen air. carriers. one of the two chain leader-hook, s. A hold-fast hook clasping a leasier or rain-water pipe, and having its tang driven into the wall of the house. lead-ĕr-ětte', s. [A dimin. from leader (q. v.).] A short editorial article or paragraph in a paper. leaders, s. pl. [LEADER, II. 6.] lead -er-ship, s. [English leader; -ship.] The office or position of a leader; guidance, premiership. lead -hill-ite, s. [Named after the place where first found, Leadhills; suff. -ite (Min.).] Min.: A mineral regarded as orthorhombic, but according to Laspeyres monoclinic; in crystallization hemihedral; giving a peculiar rhombohe dral aspect to twinned crystals. Cleavage very fect. Hardness, 25; specific gravity, 6:26 to 6:44. of cleavage-face, pearly, otherwise somewhat adamantine. Color white, yellow, green, or gray; transparent to translucent: somewhat sectile. Composition, according to Dana, a sulphato boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat, cell, at a few other localities. lead-Ing, pr. par., a & s. [LEAD (2), v.] 1. Guiding, conducting, serving to guide. 2. Going in front; front. "M. Manlius, who had been consul two years before, rushed to the place and threw down the leading assailant."-Lewis: Cred. Early Roman Hist. (1885), ii. 331. 3. Alluring, enticing, drawing; as, a leading at traction. 4. Chief, principal, capital. 5. Constituting a precedent; showing the way; as, a leading example. C. As subst.: The act of guiding, conducting, ruling, enticing, or drawing on; guidance. leading-axle, s. An axle ahead of the drivingwheels in locomotives. Naut.: A buoy placed as a guide in sailing. leading-hose, s. The hose from which the water of a fire-engine is discharged. leading-light, s. Naut.: One character of light as displayed for the benefit of seamen on a coast. Two lights are exhibited from two towers; one may be higher than the other, so as to confer a special characteristic. Certain bearings as to channel are indicated when the lights are seen in one line, the opening of the lights on either side of their conjunction indicating when to tack. Other indications may be given by the conjunction, according to the nature of the case. leading-note, s. scale. It is called leading because of its tendency Music: The seventh degree of the ascending major Ionic mode was the only church scale having a leadto rise or lead up to the tonic. The Iastian or ing note. In consequence of the leading note forming part of the upper of the two tetrachords of which the modern scale is formed that tetrachord is by some called characteristic. leading-part, s. 1. Naut.: The portion of the tackle petween the fall and the standing part. It is that portion which passes over the sheaves. The fall is that which, in pulling or easing, does not reach the sheaves. 2. Theat.: The principal or chief part in a play. leading-question, s. A question in which the answer is suggested. leading-rod, s. A rod used in draw-boring and polishing the bores of rifle-barrels. leading-screw, s. Lathe: The longitudinal screw between the shears of a lathe, by which the slide-rest is moved longitudinally on the lathe-bed. leading-springs, s. pl. The springs fixed upon the leading axle-box of a locomotive engine, bearing the weight above. *leading-staff, s. The staff or baton of a fieldmarshal. leading-string, s. A string by which children aro supported when they are learning to walk. To be in leading-strings: To be in a state of dependence on others; to be a puppet in the hands of others. leading-wheel, s. A wheel of a locomotive engine, placed before the driving-wheels. lead-ing, s. [Eng. lead (1), s.; -ing.] Leadwork; the leaden flashings of a house; articles of lead generally. *lead-ing-ly, adv. [Eng. leading, a.: -ly.] In a leading manner; by leading or drawing on. *lead-ish, a. [Eng. lead (1), s.; -ish.] Somewhat like lead. "He was greatly emaciated, and of a yellow and leadish complexion."-Trans. of Philosophical Society, xlvi. 77. lead-less, a. [Eng. lead (1), s.; -less.] Having no lead; not loaded with a bullet. "Can none remember that eventful day, leaf-bud leads'-man, 8. [Eng. lead's, and man.] Naut.: The sailor who heaves the lead in sounding. lead -wõrt, s. [Eng. lead, and wort.] Botany: 1. Sing. The genus Plumbago, and specially Plumbago europea. It is used by beggars to pro duce ulcers in order to excite the compassion of the benevolent. Its root contains a fat which stains the skin a lead-gray color. 2. Pl.: The name given by Lindley to the order Plumbaginaceae (q. v.). taining to or resembling lead; like lead; leaden. lead -, *led-y, a. [Eng. lead (1), s.; -y.] Per Sir T. Elyot: The Governor, bk. ii., ch. xii. "His ruddy lippes wan, and his eyen ledy and holowe." leaf, *leafe, *lef, *leef, s. [A. S. leaf (pl. leáƒ); cogn. with O. Fris. laf; O. Sax. lóf; Dut. loof; Icei. lauf; Sw. löƒ; Dan. lor; Goth. laufs (pl. laubos); O. H. Ger. laup; M. H. Ger. loup; Ger. laub; Russ. lopeste; Lith. lápus=a leaf; Gr. lepos-a scale.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. In the same sense as II. 2. 2. A relatively thin and wide object having a flat surface: as (1) The leaf of a book or manuscript, having a page on each of its opposite sides. "Turne over the leaf and chese another tale." Chaucer: C. T., 3,237. (2) A valve or hinged member of a bridge, table, door, shutter, hinge, or screen. "The two leaves of the one door were folding."—1 Kings v. 34. (3) One member of a pair of lock-gates. (4) A hinged platform for a ferry or wharf boat; also called an apron. (5) A tooth of a pinion. (6) One section of a fan. (7) A thin sheet of hammered gold or silver. (8) One of the elevating flaps of a rifle-sight. (9) The brim of a hat. "Harry let down the leaf of his hat."-Brooke: Fool of Quality, ii. 129. *3. A portion of fat lying in a separate fold or layer. II. Technically: 1. Arch.: An ornament representing or resembling the leaves or foliage of certain plants or trees. 2. Bot. A flat expansion divisible into two similar portions, often halves, by a vertical plane running through the apex and point of insertion. The under or outer surface generally differs from the upper or inner in color, structure, and in the nature and appendages of the epidermis. On the lower part of the stem or base of a shoot are the scale-leaves or phyllades; above these are the ordinary foliage leaves, and above these again, below the flowers, are the bracts. The foliage leaves are the chief organs of assimilation, and develop large quantities of chlorophyll, their form and appearance being very varied. The bracts are generally smaller. The foliage leaves and calyx and corolla leaves become transformed into stamens, and these modified into carpels. A leaf is called also a Phyllome. A leaf consists of two parts, a stalk, called the petiole, and an expanded surface termed the blade or lamina. (McNab, &c.) When the petiole is absent the leaf is said to be sessile. the same shaft, and moved at the same time. The 3. Weaving: The heddles which are connected to leaf is connected with a treadle by a cord. The number of leaves is according to the requirements of the pattern, and forms the set of the draft. Thus there are five leuf patterns, eight-leaf patterns, &c. ¶(1) Totake a leaf out of one's book: To follow the example of; to imitate. (2) To turn over a new leaf: To change one's mode of life; to adopt a new and better way of liv ing. leaf-bearing, a. Having appendages more or less resembling a leaf. Leaf-bearing worms; Zool.: The family Phyllocida (q.v.). Their popu lar name is derived from a series of foliaceous lamella on each side the body, somewhat resem bling elytra. They are, in reality, the cirri metamorphosed into leaf-like appendages. (Duncan.) leaf-beetle, a Any beetle feeding on leaves; especially applied to the family CHRYSOMELIDE. leaf-bridge, s. A form of drawbridge in which the rising leaf or leaves swing vertically on hinges. One form of bascule comes under this description. leaf-bud, s, Bot.: A bud, developing into a leaf, as distinct from a flower-bud, developing into a flower. Leaf. buds consist of scales imbricated over each other, *lead -man, 8. [Eng. lead (2), v., and man.] the outer being the hardest, surrounding a minute One who begins or leads off in a dance. lĕadş, s. pl. [LEAD (1), 8. II. 4.] chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; cellular axis or growing point. They may be regu lar, adventitious, or latent. sin, ag; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = £ Pumping-engine: A clack-valve; a valve hinged leaf-crowned, a. Crowned with leaves or foli- or pivoted on one side; a flap-valve. 2. Bot.: The same as FOLIACEOUS (q. v.). leaf-louse, 8. Leaf-insect. (Phyllium siccifolium.) Entom.: A popular name given indiscriminately to any of the Aphides (q. v.); a plant-louse. leaf-metal, s. 1. Gold-leaf; hammered gold. 2. Bronze leaf, or Dutch leaf. The qualities are known as: Common, soft, reddish color, composed of zinc 1, copper 3; French, harder, less ductile, yellow, larger proportion of zinc; Florence, greenish-gold color, still larger proportion of zinc. 3. White leaf. [TIN-FOIL.] leaf-mold, s. Decayed leaves reduced to the state of mold, and used as a manure or fertilizer for plants. leaf-nosed, a. Having a nose-leaf (q. v.). Zool. The family Rhinolophide (q. v.). Zool. The family Phyllostomida (q. v.). Entom.: The lepidopterous family Tortricidae, the larvae of which frequently reside in leaves, or get into the middle of a bud or cluster of leaves and draw them together with silken threads. The name is sometimes, less properly, given to other insects. leaf-shaped, a. Archæol.: A term applied to the peculiarly shaped British swords of the Bronze period. "The British bronze sword bears a general likeness to those not only of Denmark, but of Gaul, Germany, and even of Italy and Greece; but it has also its peculiar characteristics. It is broader and shorter than the DanIsh bronze sword, swelling out more toward the middle, so as to suggest the term leaf-shaped, by which it is distinguished."-D. Wilson: Pre-historic Annals of Scotland, 1. 355. leaf, v. i. [LEAF, 8.] To shoot out or produce leaves or foliage. "Most trees fall off the leaves at autumn; and if not kept back by cold, would leaf about the solstice."Browne: Vulgar Errors, bk. ii., ch. vi. leaf-age (age as Ig), subst. [Eng. leaf; -age.] Leaves collectively; foliage. "The trees are heavily clothed with leafage."-Garden- leafed, adj. [Eng. leaf; -ed.] Having leaves; Bot.: Plants having the petiole of the leaf with leaf-lět, s. [Eng. leaf; dimin. suff. -let.] 2. Bot.: One of the primary divisions of a com- leaf-y, a. [Eng. leaf; y.] Full of or covered with leaves; abounding with leaves. league (1), s. [Fr. ligue, from Low Lat. liga, lega a league, from Lat. ligo=to_bind; Ital. lega =a league; Sp. liga a band, an alliance.] 1. A combination or union between two or more persons for the promotion of mutual or common interests, or for the execution of any design in common. 2. A treaty, alliance, or confederation between ¶ (1) Anti-corn-law League: [ANTI-CORN-LAW.] leag-uer (1), lea-gre, s. [Dut. leger (genit. lager) a couch, a camp.] 1. The investment or beleaguering of a town; a siege. 2. One who besieges a town. "The stubborn wall that mocks the leaguer's art, And palls the patience of his baffled heart." Byron: Lara, ii. 11. 3. A camp of a besieging army. "Like to a gipsy camp, or a leaguer after a battle." Longfellow: Evangeline, í. 5. who joins in a league; a confederate. leag -uer (2), 8. [Eng. leagu(e), v.; -er.] One Land-leaguer: A member of the Land League (q. v.); one who supports the policy of the Land League. lēag-uĕr (3), s. [Etym. doubtful.] A large sort of cask. to besiege. "Two mighty hosts a leaguer'd town embrace." One [Eng. leaguer, v.; er.] who beleaguers or besieges a town. leak, leke, s. & a. [Icel. leki; Dut. lek; Dan. läk=leaky; läkke=a leak; Sw. läck-leaky, leak.] A. As substantive: 1. A breach, crack, crevice, or hole which admits of the passage of water or any fluid either in or *B. As adj.: Leaky. (Spenser: F. Q., I. v. 35.) To spring a leak: Naut.: To open or crack so as to admit of the passage of water into a vessel; to let in water. leak, *leke, v. i. & t. [Icel. leka to drip, to leak; cogn. with Sw. läcka; Dan. lække; Dut. lekken; Ger. lechan=to leak; A. S. leccan to wet, to moisten.] A. Intransitive: Irish Hist.: An association projected by Mr. C. S. Parnell, M. P., which came into being at a meeting held in Dublin, Nov. 18, 1879. Nominally the programme was the "three F's"-fixity of tenure, fair rent, and free sale (of the tenant's interest); but many speakers at Land League meetings, held Sunday after Sunday in different parts of the country, went so far as to demand that the soil should belong to the cultivator. Opposition by direct violence was deprecated, and recourse was had to boycotting. [BOYCOTT.] This state of things continued till the end of 1880, when fourteen members of the Land League, of whom the most important were Messrs. Parnell, Dillon, Biggar, T. D. Sullivan, and T. Sexton, were indicted. The chief counts were "conspiring to prevent payment of rents, to defeat the legal process for the enforcement of payment of rents, and to prevent the letting of evicted farms." The trial, which took place early in 1881, was a fiasco, but it drew from Mr. Justice Fitzgerald the declaration that the Land League was an illegal body. A Ladies' Land League, under the presidency of Miss Anna Parnell, was then formed. It was denounced by Archbishop McCabe, and warmly defended by Dr. Croke, Archbishop of Cashel, and Mr. T. D. Sullivan. The agitation increased, and the No Rent" cry became more frequent. On October 7, Mr. Gladstone denounced Mr. Parnell, and soon afterward that gentleman, Messrs. Dillon, Sexton, O'Kelly, and the chief oflicials of the League, were arrested and imprisoned in Kilmain- II. Jomm. An allowance, at a certain rate per ham. They issued a manifesto calling on the Irish cent. made for loss or waste by the leaking of casks, tenants to pay no Rent during their imprisonment, &c. The Government replied by declaring the Land League an illegal body, and suppressed its branches lingered on till the end of the year, when it was throughout the country. The Ladies' Land League dissolved by the leaders of the Irish party. (3) Solemn league and covenant: [ĈOVENANT.] A. Intrans.: To join in a league or confederacy; B. Trans.: To join, to unite, to combine. 1. A stone erected along the high roads at certain 2. A measure of length, varying in different countries. The English land league is 3 statute miles; lēak -I-ness, s. [Eng. leaky; -ness.] The quality or state of being leaky. leak -y, a. [Eng. leak; -y.] 1. Lit.: Admitting or allowing the passage of water or other liquid or fluid; not water-tight. *2. Fig.: Talkative, loquacious; apt to disclose secrets; given to tattling or blabbing. "Whate'er he hears his leaky tongue runs out." Hamilton: Horace, bk. i., epist. 18 leal, a. [O. Fr.] Loyal, true. [LOYAL.] "A loving heart and a' leal within Is better than gowd or gentle kin." Scott: Rob Roy, ch. xvi. Land of the leal: Heaven. The final home of the faithful. [LAND.] *lēal -ness, 8. [Eng. leal; -ness.] The quality or state of being leal or loyal; loyalty, fidelity. *lēam (1), *lēme, s. [A. S. leoma; Icel. liomi.] A ray, a gleam or flash of light. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll, father; wē, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sïre, sir, marîne; gō, pot, |