land-raker *land-raker, s. A vagabond. 2466 lănd'-am-măn, s. [Swiss.] The chief magistrate land-rat, s. A rat living on land; hence, a thief, in some of the Swiss cantons. a robber. land-rent, s. Rent paid for the use of a farm. land-roller, *land-roll, 8. A roller for leveling lăn-da-nine, s. [LAUDANINE.] lăn-dâu,s. [See def.] ground and breaking clods in getting land into tilth be opened and thrown back. The name is derived for crops. land-salamanders, s. pl. Zool. The genus Salamandra (q. v.). land-scurvy, s. Pathol.: Scurvy occurring not among seamen in ships but among people on shore, as the inmates of workhouses, and armies insufficiently fed; thus it greatly ravaged the English and French armies in the Crimean war. It is identically the same disease as the scurvy occurring in ships. [SCURVY.] *land-service, s. Service on land; specif., naval service on shore. "Besides, the prince is all for the land-service." Byron: Don Juan, i. 4. land-shark, 8. Naut.: A sharper, a lawyer. land-shells, s. pl. Shells of terrestrial mollusks. They are found not merely on continents, but on most oceanic islands. Mr. Darwin believed that they could be floated thither on driftwood, if they possessed, as many of them do, an operculum to shut out the salt water when in process of transit. *land-skip, s. [LANDSCAPE.] land-slater, s. From the vast extent of landes (about fourfifths of the total area) which it contains, the third department of France, in point of size, derives its name. The landes lie to the north of the Adour, while the country to the south of that river is fertile. The northern portion consists of heath, with occasional clumps of trees and brushwood, or of morasses, lagoons, and shifting sands. Of the whole area (about 2,250,000 acres), nearly one-half is waste, a third under wood, and little more than a sixth arable. Buffaloes abound in the reedy Zoology: Oniscus asellus, an isopod crustacean, swamps, and herds of wild horses roam over the closely allied to the common woodlouse (Porcellio heaths. In the more secluded and desolate tracts scaber). There are two rows of yellow spots on the the inhabitants have peculiarities both of dress and back. The land-slater has eight joints in the outer living, which give them a strong resemblance to antennæ; the woodlouse but seven. (Wood.) half-savage and nomadic tribes. The landes are very thinly populated, the inhabitants gaining a land-slide, s. A landslip (q. v.). miserable subsistence by fishing, by such agricultland-snails, s. pl. The family Helicidæ (q. v.). ure as is possible, and by keeping cows and sheep. land-sole, s. The shepherds make use of stilts, that their increased height may give them a greater range of vision, and, when fatigued, sit on a pole with a head somewhat like that of a crutch, and while away the time in knitting. Zool.: Arion rufus, the common red slug. [LIMACIDE.] land-surveying, s. The act, art, or science of surveying or determining the boundaries or superficial contents of any portion of land, as of an estate, a farm, a township, &c., and of laying the same down on a map or plan accurately. lănd -ěd, a. [Eng. land; -ed.] 1. Having an estate in land; possessing a real estate; as, a landed proprietor. 2. Consisting of land or real estate; as, landed land-surveyor, s. One who practices or pro- property. fesses the art or science of land-surveying. land-tax, s. A tax assessed upon lands. land-tenant, s. A tenant of a farm. land-tie, s. A rod securing a face-wall to a bank. [PILE.] land-tortoises, s. pl. Zool. Testudines (q. v.). fland-turtle, s. Zool. A land-tortoise. land-urchin, s. A popular name for a hedgehog (q. v.). land-valuer, s. One whose profession is to examine and declare the value of land or landed estates. lănd -er, s. [Eng. land; -er.] 1. Ord. Lang.: One who lands or disembarks; one who makes a landing. 2. Min.: A man who attends at the mouth of the C. As substantive: landman I. Ordinary Language: 1. The act of going or setting on land, especially from a vessel. "Since my landing, as I have understood, Your lord has took himself to unknown travels." 2. A pier, wharf, or jetty for disembarking passengers or goods; a landing-place. 3. The platform of a railroad station. (U.S.) 4. The act of bringing to land; as, the landing of a fish. 5. The act of winning or gaining; as, the landing of a bet. (Slang.) II. Technically: 1. Architecture: (1) A level space at the top of a flight of stairs. (2) The first part of a floor at the end of a flight of steps. 2. Furnace: The platform of a furnace at the charging height. 3. Naut.: The same as LAND, 8., II. 6. landing-charges, s. pl. Charges or dues paid on goods landed from a vessel. landing-net, s. A small bag-net used to take fish from the water after being hooked. landing-place, subst. The same as LANDING, C., I. 2. landing-rate, s. The same as LANDING-CHARGES (q. v.). *lănd-job-ber, s. [Eng. land, and jobber.] One whose profession it is to buy and sell land, on his own account or that of others. lǎnd -la-dy, s. [Eng. land, and lady.] 1. A woman who has tenants holding under her. "And let thy wife visit thy landladye three or four tym in a yeare."-Tyndall: Works, p. 210. 2. The mistress of an inn or lodging-house. "Robespierre was lamented by his landlady."—Farrar, Early Days of Christianity, ch. iv. *lănd -lēap-er, s. [LANDLOPER.] lănd -less, a. [Eng. land: -less.] Destitute of landed property; having no estate; poor. pit to receive the kibble in which the ore is brought inclose or shut by land. to the surface. lănd -fâll, s. [Eng. land, and fall.] 1. Ord. Lang.: A sudden transference of property in land by the death of a rich man. 2. Naut.: The first land descried after a voyage. lănd-flood, *land-flode, s. [English land, and flood.] An overflow of water on land, arising from the swelling of streams, rivers, &c.; an inundation "The sable landflood from some swamp obscure." Scott: Vision of Don Roderick, xxxix. lănd -grăb-ber, s. [Eng. land, and grabber.] A term applied in Ireland to one who buys or takes land-wind, s. A wind setting off the shore; a land from which another has been evicted. land-breeze. lănd -grăb-bing, a. & s. [Eng. land, and grabbing.] B. As subst.: The act or practice of a landgrabber. lănd -grave, s. [Gor. landgraf; Dut. landgraaf, from land-land, and graf, graaf an earl, a count.] 1. A German title adopted in the twelfth century to distinguish a governor of a district or province from the inferior counts under his jurisdiction. 2. The title of each of three princes of the German Empire, whose territories were called landgraviatos (q. v.). land-grav-I-ate, s. [Fr. landgraviat, from Ger. landgraf.] 1. The district or jurisdiction of a landgrave. 2. The office, rank, or authority of a landgrave. lănd gra-vine, s. [Ger. landgräfinn.] The wife of a landgrave. lănd-hold-er, s. [Eng. land, and holder.] One who holds or possesses land; a landowner. lănd -ing, pr. par., a. & s. [LAND, v] A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.) lǎnd -lock, v. t. [Eng. land, and lock, v.] To lǎnd-locked, a. [Eng. landlock; ed.] 1. Lit.: Completely shut in or encompassed by land. "A good conscience is a port which is landlocked on every side, and where no winds can possibly invade, no tempests can arise."-Dryden: Virgil; Georgics. (Pref.) *2. Fig.: Shut in; inclosed. "Religion's harbor, like the Etrurian bay Secure from storms, is landlocked every way." Harte: Thomas à Kempis. lănd-lop-er, *lănd'-leap-er, land-loup-er, & [Dut. landlooper a vagabond.] *1. A pilgrim. abode, but roams from place to place; a tramp. 2. A vagabond, a vagrant; one who has no settled 3. A landsman. lănd-lop-ing, *lănd -lēap-lǹg, adj. [LANDLOPER.] Wandering; vagrant. lănd -lord, s. [Eng. land, and lord.] 1. One who has tenants holding under him. 2. The master of an inn or of a lodging-house. lănd -lord-işm, s. [Eng. landlord; -ism.] The proceedings of landlords as a body; sometimes the tyrannical rule of an oligarchic body of landlords, especially with regard to their tenantry. 8. *lănd-lord-ly, a. & adv. [Eng. landlord; -ly.] Like a landlord; as becomes a landlord. *lănd-lord-rỹ, [Eng. landlord; -ry.] The quality, state, or condition of a landlord. lănd-lôup-er, s. [LANDLOPER.] lănd -lôup-ing, a. [LANDLOPING.] lănd-lub-ber, 8. [Eng. land, and lubber.] seaman's term of contempt for a landsman. lănd-măn, s. [Eng.land, and man.] A 1. Ord. Lang. One who lives or serves on land, as distinguished from a seaman; a landsman. 2. Law: A terre-tenant. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll, father; wē, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre; landmark lănd -mark, s. [Eng. land, and mark.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. Literally: (1) Anything set up to mark out the boundaries of land; any fixed object by which the limits of lands, farms, towns, territories, &c., are marked out, so as to be known and preserved. "No house had gates (blest times!) and, in the grounds, No scanty landmarks parceled out the bounds." Grainger: Tibullus, i. 3. tion or progress of things. "Now, the earth has no landmarks on it to indicate degrees."-Herschel: Astronomy (1858), § 211. 2467 lǎndş ́-man, s. [Eng. land's, and man.] 1. One who lives or follows his business on the land; as distinguished from a seaman. 2. One who joins a ship as a sailor for the first time. lănd -spout, s. [Eng, land; -spout.] A heavy fall of water, occurring during a tornado. It differs from a waterspout in being on land instead of at sea. language lăng -syne, adu. [Scotch lang=long, and syne= since.] Long since; long ago. lăng-ter-a-loô', s. [LANTERLOO.] lăn-guage (uage as wig), *lang-age, s. [Fr. langage, from langue; Lat. lingua-the tongue; Sp. lenguage; Ital. linguaggio.] 1. Ordinary Language: 1. Human speech; the aggregate of those articu(2) Any mark or feature by which to fix the posi- spring of water, appearing only after a heavy rain. tion and thought, accepted by and current among land -spring, 8. [English land, and spring.] A late sounds, called words, used to express percep lănd-stew-ard (ew as u), s. [Eng. land, and articulate sounds or words; the body of uttered any community; the expression of thought by steward.] A person who has the control and man- and audible sounds by which, in human society, agement of a landed estate for the owner; a land- thought is expressed. Language must either have agent or overseer of an estate. He should see to been revealed originally from heaven, or it is the the production, advancement, and value of the fruit of human invention. The latter opinion is land; should be well acquainted with the pursuits embraced by Horace, Lucretius, Cicero, and most and interests of country life. He should be able to of the Greek and Roman writers; the former by the form a fair estimate of the produce of the farm, to Jews and Christians, and many modern philosokeep accounts, and have a taste for the erection of farm buildings, as also the management of land-language spoken by Adam; others say that Hebrew, Some suppose Hebrew to have been the scape, flower, and vegetable gardens. Chaldee, and Arabic are only dialects of the original tongue. "And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech" (Genesis xi. 1). (3) Any prominent natural objects or features by which a place is known or distinguished. 2. Fig.: Anything, which serves to mark the stage of advancement or development at which anything has arrived at a particular period; any notable event or phenomenon which marks any particular point of time. II. Naut.: Any prominent or elevated object on land, which serves as a mark or guide for sailors. lăn děl-phi-a, s. [Named after M. Landolphe, a French navy captain.] Botany: A genus of Apocynaceae, from tropical Africa. Landolphia owariensis and L. florida have edible fruit. They are called Abo fruits. Various species furnish African rubber. lǎnd-own-ĕr, s. [Eng. land, and owner.] One who owns land; a proprietor of land. lănd -own-ing, a. [Eng. land; -owning.] Holding or possessing landed estates; pertaining to landowners. "His book is written in the landowning interest."-Athenæum, Sept. 17, 1881, p. 365. lǎnd -poôr, a. [Eng. land, and poor.] In poor financial condition, although owning unsalable or unprofitable land. lănd -rail, s. [Eng. land, and rail.] Ornith. The Corncrake, Ortygometra crex or Crex pratensis. [CORNCRAKE.] lănd-reēve, subst. [Eng. land, and reeve.] An assistant to the steward on a large estate; a bailiff. (Eng.) lănd-scape, *lănd -skip, s. (Dut. landschap, from land land, and -schap, suff. Eng. ship; Dan. landskab, Ger. landschaft.] 1. The general aspect of a country. 2. A picture of a general view of any portion of the open country, not comprehending street architecture or views of edifices merely. 3. A view, a scene in the country. "The lowering element Scowls o'er the darken'd landskip snow, or shower." Milton: P. L., 491. *4. A compendium. "That landscape of inequity, that sink of sin, &c. Epithets applied to Oliver Cromwell in an Anabaptist petition to the king, 1658." — Clarendon: Great Rebellion, bk. IV. landscape-gardener, s. One who professes or is skilled in landscape-gardening. landscape-gardening, s. That particular art which succeeds, by due study of natural beauties in landscape, to combine the best of their peculiarities in an artificial way. landscape-painter, s. A painter of landscapes. landscape-painting, s. The art of delineating purely natural scenes, and their proper atmospheric effects. lănd-scăp-Ist, s. [Eng. landscap(e); -ísí ́ landscape-painter. "The professed landscapists of the Dutch school."Buskin: Modern Painters, pt. i., § i., ch. vii. lănd -scrip, 8. [Eng. land, and scrip.] A certificate given to a person who purchases public land that he has duly paid the purchase money to the proper officer. lǎnd -side, 8. [Eng. land, and side.] Agric.: The flat side of a plow, toward the land. The lower portion is a bar extending back from the share, and the upper portion is a plate attached to the sheth and the landside handle. lănd-slide, lănd -slip, s. [Eng. land, and slide.] The sliding or settling down of a considerable portion of earth from a higher to a lower level; the earth which so slips or slides. Landslides are produced by earthquake disturbances, or by the action of water undermining the beds which fall. In 1760 a landslide, bringing down soil from an area of a mile and a quarter from north to south and six hundred yards from east to west, occurred in the Isle of Portland. Sometimes they overwhelm and bury villages, as in the case of the Rossberg, in Switzerland, in 1806, &c. Later Dotable landslides have occurred in the Rocky Mountains, and a more recent instance, owing to earthquake action, occurred in the province of Granada in 1884. boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat, *land-streight (eight as āt), *lănd'-stråit, s. [Eng. land, and strait.] A narrow strip of land. lănd-stûrm, s. [German=land storm.] A local militia of Germany, consisting of those of the reserve who are too old to serve in the landwehr. The landsturm is never called upon to serve out of its own district except in case of invasion. lănd turn, s. [Eng. land, and turn.] A landbreeze (q. v.). lănd-ward, a. & adv. [Eng. land, and ward.] A. As adjective: 1. Lying toward the interior of a country, or away from the sea-coast. 2. Situated in the interior; rural. "[It] hurried landward far away, Longfellow: Daybreak. land'-wêhr (w as v), 8. [Ger. land-land, and wehr-defense.] Milit.: A kind of German militia composed entirely of men who have served in the regular army, and who in time of peace follow their usual trades or callings, except during the time when they are called out for their annual training. land-work-er, s. [English land, and worker.] One who works or tills the ground. lāne, *lone, s. [A. S. láne, lone; cogn. with O. Fris. lona, lana, Dut. laan a lane; Icel. lón=an inlet, a sea-lock; læna=a hollow place, a vale.] 1. A narrow road, way, or passage, as between houses or hedges; an alley, a narrow street. standing on each side. 2. A narrow passage or way between persons lane, a. [LONE.] Alone. (Used in the phrases my lane, his lane, their lane, &c.-alone by myself, by himself, by themselves, &c.) lane-ly, a. [Eng. lane; -ly.] Lonely. (Scotch.) lăn-er-ět, s. [LANNERET.] lăng, a. [LONG.] lăn-gã-hạ, s. [Malagasy.] inhabiting Madagascar. They have a fleshy apZool. Two snakes of the genus Xiphorhynchus, pendage to the snout. The Common Langaha is bright brownish-red, the Cockscomb Langaha is brown and yellow. lăn -gate, s [Etym. doubtful.] A linen roller used in dressing wounds. ǎng -ite, s. [Named by Maskelyne after Dr. Victor von Lang; suff. -ite (Min.).] Mineral.: An orthorhombic mineral, occurring in small twinned crystals resembling those of aragonite (q. v.), also in lamellar concretionary crusts on clay-slate and granite. Hardness, 2.5-3; specific gravity, 3:48-3:50. Luster, vitreous to silky; color, blue to greenish-blue; translucent. Composition: CuSO4+2H2CuO2+2aq. Heated, it changes to a bright green color, various tints of olive-green, and finally becomes black. lǎn'-grage (age as Iġ), lăǹ'-grel, s. [Fr.] Weapons: A kind of missile formerly used to destroy the rigging of an enemy's vessel. It was a cylindrical cage or bundle to fit the bore of the gun, and was filled with bolts, nails, and pieces of iron. *lăn-grět, s. [Etym. doubtful.] A kind of false dice, loaded so that certain numbers should turn up. lăng-sắt, s. [LANSEY.] lăng -staff-ite, s. [Etym. doubtful.] yell, chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; "Language may be briefly and comprehensively defined then, signifies rather certain instrumentalities whereby as the means of expression of human thought. Language, men consciously and with intention represent their thought, to the end, chiefly, of making it known to other men: it is expression for the sake of communication. The instrumentalities capable of being used for this purpose, and actually more or less used, are various; gesture and grimace, pictorial or written signs, and uttered or spoken 'signs." -Whitney: Life and Growth of Language, ch. i. 2. A particular, set or aggregate of articulate sounds or words peculiar to a particular race, na tion, tribe, or community; as, the English language, the French language, &c.; each of these often pre sents local varieties, to which the name of dialects has been given. Languages are divided according to two principles: First, morphologically, accord ing to the structure of the language and the manner in which the sounds are formed or combined; and secondly, genealogically, according to their connec tion and relationship with respect to origin. The first class consists of three subdivisions of language, denominated isolating, agglutinating, and inflectional. Isolating languages, of which Chinese is an example, consists entirely of monosyllabic, unchanging roots. The Scythian is the type of what is called an agglutinative structure, in which the root maintains itself unaltered in the whole group of derivatives and inflections, and each suffix has an unchanged form and office. The Basque and Armenian languages are also agglutinative, with this difference, that the roots which are joined together have been abbreviated, as in the Basque ilhun=twilight, from hill dead+egun-day. To these languages it has been proposed to give the distinctive name of incorporating or polysynthetic languages. In inflectional languages, which are the most highly developed, the roots are capable of being modified by prefixes or suffixes, which were once independent words. Languages, when classified genealogically, are divided into families or groups connected by a community of origin. Thus the Indo-European (called also Aryan, or Indo-Germanic) is composed of seven great branches: The Indian, the Iranian or Persian, the Greek, the Italic, the Celtic, the Slavonic or Slavo-Celtic, and the Germanic or Teutonic. Each of these may again be subdivided.. Thus the Germanic branch includes Meso-Gothic, or the dialect of the Goths of Masia [GOTHIC]; the Low German languages, still spoken in the north of Germany, and including two important cultivated tongues, the Netherlandish and English [ENGLISHLANGUAGE]; the High-German body of dialects, represented now by only a single literary language, the so-called German; and the Scandinavian divis ion, written in the forms of Danish, Swedish, Nor wegian, and Icelandic. The Semitic family of languages is the next in importance. It includes Arabic, Syrian, or Aramaic, the Canaanitish dialects, chief among which are Hebrew and Phoenician, and the Assyrian and Babylonian dialects. "Our ancient English Saxons language is to be ac compted the Teutonicke tonge."-Verstegan: Restit. of Decayed Intelligence, ch. vii. 3. The words or expressions used by a person; as, His language was disgraceful. 4. Words or expressions employed in or appropriate to any branch of knowledge; as, the language of chemistry. 5. Style; manner of expression in either speech or writing. "Others for language all their cares express, And value books, as women men, for dress." Pope: Essay on Criticism, 805. 6. The inarticulate sounds by which irrational animals express their feelings or wants. = sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph f. language-master 7. The expression of thought in any way, articulate or inarticulate, conventional or unconven. tional; as, the language of flowers, the language of the eyes, &c. *8. A nation, as distinguished by the use of a par ticular language. "All the people, the nations, and the languages fell down and worshiped the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up."-Daniel iii. 7. 9. The lodges, branches, or chapters of the knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem within a national jurisdiction collectively considered. "The annual report of the Sixth or English Language of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem has now been published."-London Daily Chronicle. II. Music: In an organ an open metal flue pipe consists of foot, and language, and body. The language is a flat piece of metal fastened by its edge to the top of the foot, and which, by its shape, only permits the air to leave the foot in one direction. Language is the most general term in its meaning and application. Tongue, speech, idiom, and dialect are applicable only to human beings. Language is either written or spoken, but a tongue is conceived of mostly as a something to be spoken; and speech is, in the strict sonse, that only which is spoken or uttored. Speech is an abstract term, implying either the power of uttering articulate sounds, or the words themselves which are spoken, or the particular mode of expressing one's self. The idiom is the peculiar construction and turn of a language. The dialect is that which is engrafted on a language by the inhabitants of particular parts of a country. Languages simply serve to convoy the thoughts; tongues consist of words, written or spoken; speech consists of words spoken. flanguage-master, s. One who professes to teach languages. lăǹ'-guage age as wig), v. t. [LANGUAGE, 8.] To put into or express in language. lăn-guaged (uaged as wiġd), *lan-gaged, a.. [Eng. languag(e); -ed.] 1. Having a language. 2. Learned in several languages. la-guage-less (uage as wig), a. [English language; -less.] Having no language; unable to speak; dumb. lăngue, s. [Fr. a tongue.] (See the compounds.) langue-de-boeuf, s. A military implement, consisting of a broad-pointed blade, which was affixed to a staff, and received its name from its resemblance to an ox's tongue. langue-d'oc, s. The Romance dialect spoken in Provence in the Middle Ages, and so called from its word for yes being oc (Lat. hoc). It was called also Provençal (q. v.). It was the language of the Troubadours. langue-d'oil, langue-d'oui, s. The Romance dialect spoken in the Middle Ages in the north of France and so called from its word for yes being oil, ouil, or oui (=Lat. hoc illud). It was the language of the Trouvères and the progenitor of modern French. langued, a. [Fr. langue=a tongue.] Her.: A term applied to the tongues of birds and beasts when borne of a different tincture to that of the animal. lău-guĕn'-tê (u as w), adv. [Ital.] Mus.: In a languishing style. *lăǹ-guěs -çent (u as w), a. [Lat. languescens, pr. par. of languesco, incept. from langueo to be languid.] Growing languid or tired. lăn-guět', s. [Fr. languette, dimin. of langue=a tongue.] 1. Comb-cutting: A thin tongue of metal placed between the blades of a comb-cutter's saw, to preserve their distance. 2. Mil.: A small piece of metal on a sword-hilt which overhangs the scabbard. 3. Mus.: The tongue of a metallic organ-pipe of the mouth or flute kind. It nearly closes the area of opening in the pipe at a point opposite to the elit, so as to compel the air entering at the lower end of the pipe from the bellows to pass toward the slit which forms the mouth. The issuing sheet of air impinges against the metal bounding the upper edge of the slit, so as to divide against the lip, and acquire a vibration which is communicated to the column of air in the tube, producing a musical sound. *4. Geog.: A tongue of land. lăn -guld (u as w), a. [Lat. languidus, from langueo to be weak; Fr. languide; Ital. & Sp. languido.] 1. Feeble, weak, faint; indisposed to exertion. 2. Slow, tardy. 3. Dull, heartless; not easily moved or excited; spiritless. 2468 lǎn'-guld-ly (u as w), adv. [Eng. languid: -ly.] ness.] The quality or state of being languid; *lăn-gui-fy (uasw), v. i. [Eng. langui (d); suff. lăn-guish (u as w), v. i. & t. [Fr. languiss-, A. Intransitive: 1. To become weak, feeble, or sluggish; to lose "It is an overture of health acceptable to sick and lan 3. To move slowly or sluggishly. "The movers of a languishing death." 4. To become dull; to be neglected; not to be "Till high upon his misty side "Disease and sorrow in garrets languished neglected." *9. To grieve; to pine. ness. *B. Trans.: To cause to pine away or droop. 1. The act or state of languishing or drooping. "Cymothoe and Cymodocé were nigh, "Just at the instant this poor languisher A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the C. As subst. The act or state of drooping or pining away; languor. lăn -guish-ing-lỹ (u as w), adv. [English lan 1. In a languishing, languid, dull, or spiritless ment.] 1. The quality or state of being languid; a state 2. Softness or tendernes 3 of look or mien. lăn -guor (u as w, or silent), s. [Latin, from 1. An indisposition to labor or exertion; feeble- "The languor almost inseparable from opulence and 2. Dullness; want of sharpness or acumen. II. Veg. Pathol.: A state of feebleness and prema fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fall, father; wē, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; lank +lǎn'-guor-ous (u as w, or silent), a. [Fr. lan guoreux.] Tedious, dull, slow, melancholy. *lan-gure, v. i. [Fr. languir.] To languish. "Now wol I speke of woful Damian That langureth for love, as ye shul here." Chaucer: C. Т., 9,742. lăǹ-gür'-I-a, s. [Lat., from Celt. langa=an animal from whose urine the stone called langurium (Lyncurium) was said to be procured. (Pliny, xxxvii. 2, 11, § 34.)] Entom.: The typical genus of the sub-family Lan guriin (q. v.). They have the body linear, and the knob of the antennæ with five articulations. lăǹ-gür-I-i'-næ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. languri(a), Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ina.]. Entom.: A sub-family of Erotylide. They are very narrow and elongated, with dilated tarsi. None are European. la-ni-a-dæ, s. pl. [LANIIDE.] lăn-1-ā -na, s.pl. [LANINE] lăn-lạrd (iasy),s. [LANYARD] lā -ni-a-ries, s. pl. [LANIARY (2).] la-ni-ăr-i-form, a. [English laniary; form.] Resembling one of the laniaries in shape." lá -ni-ar-y, s. & a. [Lat. laniariuma butcher's shambles; laniarius, lanius=a butcher.] A. As substantive: +1. Ord. Lang.: A slaughter-house for cattle; a shambles. 2. Zool. (pl.): The canine teeth in the mammalian order Carnivora. They are the teeth so conspicuous in the mouth of the cat and the dog. The laniaries fulfill two specific duties: they are used for holding a victim and for tearing flesh. B. As adj.: Lacerating, tearing, rending; as, the laniary teeth. to tear to pieces.] To tear in pieces, to rend, to fla -ni-āte, v. t. [Lat. laniatus, pa. par. of lanio lacerate. tla-ni-a-tion, s. [Lat. laniatio, from laniatus, pa. par. of lanio.] The act of tearing or rending in pieces. *lăn-ier (i as y), s. [Fr. lanière.] [LANYARD.] 1. A thong; a strap of leather; the lash of a whip. 2. A strap used to fasten together the different parts of armor; specif., one of the straps used to fasten the shield to the arm. la-nif-ĕr-oùs, a. [Latin lanifer: lana=wool, and fero to bear, to produce; Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Producing or bearing wool. la-nif-ic-al, a. [Lat. lanificus, from lana=wool; facio to make.] Working in wool. *lăn-I-fiçe, s. [O. Fr., from Lat. lanificium from lana wool, and facio to make; Ital., Sp., & Port. lanificio.] A woolen fabric. *la-nig'-ĕr-oŭs, a. [Lat. laniger, from lana= wool; gero to bear, to carry; Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Bearing wool. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido, -ada.] The bill, which is long, has a deep notch or promi of these sub-families. lăn-Yi-næ, lăn-i-a-n, s.pl [Lat. lan (us); fem. pl. adj. suff. -ina, -ance.] Ornith. The typical sub-family of Laniidae (q.v.). Lateral toes equal and free; claws slender, acute; bill generally short, with the tooth very prominent. (Swainson.) la-ni-us, s. [Lat. a butcher, from lanio=20 tear to pieces, to lacerate.] Ornith. The typical genus of the family Laniide (q.v.). The bill is very short, strongly hooked, the tooth very prominent, wings somewhat pointed, tail rounded or slightly graduated; lateral tong free and equal. It contains the Butcher-birds (q.v.). [SHRIKE.] lǎnk, *lanck, *lonc, *lonk, a. & s. [A. S. hlang =slender.] A. As adjective: 1. Loose, lax; not filled up; slender; not distended. "To have rather a lank purse than an empty brain."Barrow: Sermons, vol. i., ser. 16. pine, pit, sïre, sir, marîne; gō, pot, lank-lean 2. Not fat or plump; slender, thin, lean. 3 Languid, drooping. (Milton.) 4. Long and straight. B. As subst.: Want, thinness. *lank-lean, a. Shrunk, fallen away, lean. *lank, v. i. [LANK, a.] To be or become lank; to shrink or fall away. lǎnk-ly, adv. [Eng. lank; -ly.] In a lank manner; thinly, loosely. lǎnk-ness, s. [Eng. lank; -ness.] The quality or state of being lank; leanness, thinness, flabbi ness. lǎnk-y, a. [Eng. lank; -y.] Lank. lăn-ner, s. [Fr. (Prov.) lanier; Ital. laniere, from Lat. laniarius-a butcher. Used specially of the female.] Ornith. Falco (Gennaia) lanarius. The wings are two-thirds as long as the tail, the feet bluish; length one foot and a half. It was formerly imported into Europe from the East to be used for the pursuit of kites. lăn-nĕr-ět, s. [Dimin. of lanner; Fr. laneret.] 2469 L. Ordinary Language: 1. Literally: (1) A case with transparent sides or panes for holding and protecting a luminous body. They are known on board ship by their position or duty; as, poop-lantern, powder-room lantern, &c. "And take a lantern, child, to light (2) The light-chamber on the top of a lamp-post. (3) The upper member of a lighthouse containing the light. lanyard lăn-těrn, lăn-thörn (h silent), v. t. [LANTERN, 8.1 *1. To furnish or provide with a lantern. "I should walk Self-lanthorned, saturate with sunbeams." Southey: Nondescripts, iii. 2. To put to death by hanging from a lamp-post. lăn-than-Ite, s. [Named from the metal lanthanum by Haidinger; suff. ite (q. v.); German lanthanit.] Min.: A mineral occurring in thin plates or tables, sometimes with beveled edges. Crystallization, Hardness, orthorhombic; cleavage, micaceous. (4) The same as LANTERN-WHEEL (q. v.). 2. Fig.: Anything which gives light or serves to 25-3; specific gravity, about 26. Luster, pearly; lead or guide. II. Technically: 1. Architecture: (1) A small structure on the top of a dome or in similar situations, for the admission of light, and the promotion of ventilation. It is generally made ornamental, and was much used in Gothic and Tudor architecture. the interior of which is open to view from the ground, (2) A tower, the whole or the greater portion of Ornith.: The male of the Lanner, which is smaller and is lighted from than the female. lăn-ở-sěh, lăn-sěn,s. [LANSIUM.] lăn-seỹ, lăng -sắt, s. [See def.] Bot.: The name given in the Indian Archipelago to some fruits of the genus Lansium. lăn -si-ăm, s. [From Malay (?) lansey.] Bot.: A genus of Meliacea, tribe Trichilies (q. v.). There are five sepals, five petals, and ten stamens combined into a tube. The berry is five-celled. Lansium domesticum is the lansa, langsat, lanseh, ayer-ayer, and begetian. Its fruit is yellow externally, though whitish within. lăns-que-nět (qu as k), s. [French, from German (& Dut.) landsknecht a foot-soldier, from Ger. lands (for landes, genit. of land-land, country), and knecht knight.] one belonging to the infantry, raised by the Em1. Mil.: A German common soldier, originally peror Maximilian toward the end of the fifteenth century; afterward, a soldier of fortune; a soldier who gave his services to any one who paid highest. The name became corrupted into lance-knight (q.v.). 2. Sports: A game at cards. *lant (1), s. [See def.] A game at cards, also called loo (q. v.). A contraction of lanterloo. *lant (2), s. [LAND (2), 8.] Urine. *lănt, v. t. [LANT (2), 8.] To wet with urine. lăn-tǎl-ic, a. [Some of the letters of allantoin reversed (?); -ic.] (See the compound.) lantalic-acid, s. [LANTANURIC-ACID.] lăn-ta-na, s. [An old name of Viburnum the foliage of which it somewhat resembles.] Bot.: A genus of Verbenacea, tribe Verbones. It consists of shrubs, or herbs, with pedunculate axillary heads of flowers. More than fifty species are known. Lantana involucrata is very abundant everywhere in the Bermuda Islands. Lantana pseudo-thea is used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. The aromatic leaves and flowers are employed in coughs and in medicating baths for rheumatism and diseases of the skin. lăn-ta-ni-ăm, lăn-tāne, s. [LANTHANUM.] lăn-tại-nir-ate, s. [Eng. lantanur(ic); -ate.] Chem.: A salt of lantanuric-acid (q. v.). lăn tạ-ntr-Ïc, adj [English (al)lant (oin); a(mmo)n (ia), and uric.] (See the compound.) lantanuric-acid, s. Chem. C3HN2O3. Lantalic-acid, a diabasic acid formed in the oxidation of uric acid by a mixture of ferricyanide of potassium and potash. It is a gummy mass, very soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. It unites with bases, forming normal and acid salts. Potassic lantanurate, C3H3KN2O3, is a crystalline powder, soluble in water. Its solution gives, with ammoniacal nitrate of silver, a white precipitate containing 53 per cent. of silver. lǎnt-çha, s. [A native word.] Naut.: A three-masted boat used by the Malayese for carrying spices, nuts, &c. *lăn-ter-loô, *lang-ter-loô, *lan-tre-lew, *lănt, s. [Dut.] A game at cards, now called loo (q. v.). lan-tern, *lan-terne, tlăn-thorn (h silent), s. [Fr. lanterne, from Lat. lanterna, laterna for lampterna, from Gr. lampter a light, a torch, lampoto shine; Sp. linterna; Ital. & Port. lanterna. The spelling lanthorn is due to a popular etymology which connected the word with horn, from the fact that the sides of lanterns were formerly made of that material.] an upper tier of windows. (3) The light, open erection on the top of a tower. "The lanterne that crowns the dome."Eustace: Italy, ii. 82. 2. Calico-print.: An apparatus by which steam is applied to cloths in order to fix the colors with which they have been printed. The lantern has a frame with tender-hooks, Lantern of Ely Cathedral. manner; and a penthouse, with a pyramidal roof, from which the cloth is suspended in a zigzag incloses the frame and cloth, shutting in the steam around them. 3. Founding: A hollow, perforated core of large diameter relatively to its length. Magic Lantern: [MAGIC-LANTERN.] lantern-bellows, s. pl. A kind of bellows so called from its resemblance to a Chinese paper lantern. lantern-fly, 8. 1. Sing. The genus Fulgora. color, grayish-white, pinkish, yellowish. Composi tion: A hydrated carbonate of lanthanum, repreEffervosces sented by the formula LaOCO2+зHO. with acids. lăn-than-oc-ẽr-ite, s. [Gr. lanthano = to lie hid, and Eng. cerite.] Min.: A variety of cerite (q. v.), containing nearly didymium, with but little cerium. 10 per cent. of water, and much lanthanum and lăn-tha-năm, lăn-ta-ni-ùm, *lăn-tāne, s [Gr. lanthano-to lie hid.] Chem.: A metallic diad element, symbol La", atomic weight, 90'18; discovered by Mosander. It occurs along with didymium and cerium (q. v.) in the mineral cerite, from which it may be separated as an oxide, by the method described under didymium. To obtain the pure metal, the anhydrous chloride is decomposed with sodium, and the chloride of sodium dissolved out with absolute alcohol. It is a dark, lead-gray powder, soft to the touch, and adhering when pressed. Lanthanum appears to form only one set of compounds, and its salts are mostly colorless, their solutions yielding, with alkalies, a precipitate of lanthanum hydrate, LaO, H2O, which, when ignited, leaves the white anhydrous monoxide. Lanthanum chloride, LaCl, forms a radio-crystalline mass soluble in alcohol. Lanthanum oxy-chloride, LagCl2O3, is a white powtallizes in microscopic crystals of a bright yellow der insoluble in water, but soluble in hydrochloric and nitric acids. Lanthanum sulphide, La2S, crys color. Lanthanum sulphate forms small prismatio crystals containing LaSO,3H2O. lăn-tho-pine, s. [Greek lanthano-to lio hid; opion=poppy-juice, and suff. -ine.] papaverine, discovered by Hesse in 1870, in the Chem.: CH2NO4. An alkaloid homologous with aqueous extract of opium. It is a white, tasteless powder, consisting of microscopic prisms, or fanshaped groups of prisms, sparingly soluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in ether and benzol, 2. Pl. The family Fulgoride, or the tribe Ful- but very soluble in chloroform, from which it sepagorina (q. v.). rates on evaporation in small white prisms. Heated to 190° it turns brown and gradually decomposes. lantern-jack, 8. The ignis fatuus. Strong nitric acid dissolves it, giving rise to an lantern-jawed, a. Having lantern-jaws; having orange-red color. Sulphuric acid gives with it a a long, thin face. faint violet color. lantern-jaws, lanthorn-jaws, s. A long, thin face. lantern-light, s. A lantern on the top of a dome to give light to the area below. lantern-pinion, s. [LANTERN-WHEEL.] at the end of a flexible cylinder, like a Chinese lantern-pump, s. A pump having a pair of discs lantern. [BAG-PUMP.] lantern-shell, s. Zool. The genus Anatina, the type of the family Anatinidae. It belongs to the section of Conchifera having a syphon and the pallial line sinuated. The shell is oblong, ventricose, subequivalve, thin, and translucent; the posterior side attenuated and gaping. They are from India, the western regions of this country, the Philippines, and New Zealand. *lantern-stairs, *lanthorn-stairs, s. pl. (See extract.) "In the midst of the said body of building was a pair of winding, such as we now call lanthorn-stairs."-Urqu hart: Rabelais, bk. i., ch. liii. lantern stuffing-box, s. A long stuffing-box with tightening bolts, used in some marine-engines. lantern-tower, s. Arch. The same as LANTERN, 8., II. 2. "The Lady Chapel at Ely and the lantern-tower in the same cathedral are noble works of the same time."-Walpole: Anecdotes of Painting, i. 195. (Note.) lantern-wheel, s. This is allied to the cog wheel, the bars or spindles which connect the parallel heads being so spaced and proportioned as to engage with the cogs of the spur-wheel. It is a cheap form of wheel, and is seldom used where facilities are at hand for making better. It bears the relation of a pinion to the spur-wheel. It is sometimes called a wallower or trundle wheel, from the trundles or rundles of which it is made. *lăn-thorn (h silent), s. [LANTERN, 8.] lăn-tăm, 8. [See def.] Music: A name of uncertain derivation given to a modern instrument, in form not unlike the hurdy gurdy, but larger, and having metallic reeds or which is at the bottom of the instruments, and the is supplied by a rotatory bellows, the handle of tongues similar to those of the concertina. The air series of small square buttons or keys which are in front are played upon by the fingers. lăn-u-gin-ic, a. [Lat. Zanugo, genit. lanuin (28) wool; Eng. suff. -ic.] Connected with or derived from wool. lanuginic-acid, s. Chem.: CasH60N10020. A substance possessing the characters of an acid, obtained by boiling purified wool in a strong solution of baryta water. It is a yellowish, translucent, uncrystallizable powder. Its barium salt is C38H58N10020Ba2. *la-nu-gin-ous, *la-nug-in-ōse, a. [Latin lanuginosus, from lanugo down, from lana-wool.] Downy; covered with soft, downy hair. la-nu-go, s. [Lat.] Anat.: The first hairs produced in a foetus. They appear about the fifth month of uterine life, and are often shed before birth. lăn-yard, lăn-iạrd, lăn-ier (1 as y), *lannier, *lan-niard, *lan-yer, 8. [French lanière, a word of doubtful origin, but probably Latin.] 1. Naut.: A cord, line, gasket, orsennit for seizing or lashing objects on board ship; as, the rope which passes through the dead-eyes, hearts, or thimbles, used in setting up shrouds or stays; the lanyards of the cat-hook, the fish-tackle; those of the buoy, the lashing; those of the stoppers, &c. 2. Ordnance: A strong. double-twisted twine about two inches in diameter, twelve feet long, and sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = L Laodicean having a hook at one end and a toggle at the other. It is used to pull the trigger of the gun-lock of a piece of ordnance, or to jerk the friction-tube, according to the plan of firing cannon. Lâ-o-di-çẽ1 ́-an, a. [From Laodicea, a city of Phrygia, situated on the Lycus; Eng. suff. -an.] 1. Lit.: Of or pertaining to Laodicea or its inhab itants. 2. Fig.: Lukewarm in religion. (Rev. iii. 14-16.) La-o-dl-çë ́-an-işm, s. [Eng. Laodicean; -ism.] Lukewarmness in religion. lā-ŏm ĕd-ē -a, s. [Greek laomedon-ruler of the people; in Homer as a proper name.] Zool.: A genus of Polypes, order Anthozoa, family Campanularida. It is closely akin to Campanularia. lǎp (1), *lappe, s. [A. S. læppa=a loosely-hanging portion; cogn. with O. Fris. lappa-a piece of a dress; Dut. lap a remnant, a shred, a patch; Dan. lap a patch; Sw. lapp=a piece, a patch; Ger. lappen a patch, a shred. From the root seen in Icel. lapa to hang down; Lat. labor to glide; Eng.lapse.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. Literally: (1) A loose-hanging part of a garment, which may be doubled at pleasure; the loose part of a coat. "Then David arose and cut of a lap of Saul's cote priueli."-Bible (1551); 1 Kings xxiv. (2) That part of a dress or clothes which lies over the knees, when a person sits down; hence, the knees and upper parts of the legs when sitting down. "His wallet lay beforne him in his lappe." Chaucer: C. T., 688. (3) That part of one body which overlies and covers a part of another. 2. Fig. The center; all the surroundings; as, to be brought up in the lap of luxury. II. Technically: 1. Fiber: A layer or continuous band of cotton fiber made into batting, and wound or lapped upon an axis or roller ready for carding; the sheet of cotton as it enters the carding-machine. 2. Masonry: The overlay of a stone in a wall on its bedstone. 3. Grind. & Polish.: A wheel, disc, or piece of soft metal used to hold polishing powder, as in cutting and polishing gems. It is usually a rotating-wheel on a vertical or horizontal axis, with a working face or periphery respectively. Laps are made of various metals and alloys. 4. Roof. The distance by which the tail of a shingle or slate overlaps the head of the second course below. The overlap on the course immediately below is the cover. The exposed portion is the margin; the width of the margin is the gauge. The gauge with shingles is about one-third of the length, so that two-thirds is cover. The gauge of slates is something under one-half the length. The excess over twice the gauge is the lap or bond. 5. Steam-engine: (1) Lap of the side-valve on the steam side is the space which it advances beyond the opening of the steam-port after it has closed it, and is given for the purpose of causing the engine to work expan sively, by cutting off the admission of steam before the end of the stroke; inside lap. (2) Lap on the exhausting side of the piston causes the passage to the condenser to be closed before the end of the stroke, the piston being then said to be cushioned by the elasticity of the confined vapor upon which it descends; outside lap. 6. Shipbuild.: A plate covering the line of junetion of two iron plates which make a flush-joint, and to which they are both connected by solder or lines of rivets. The usual lap of iron plates in ships is from five to six diameters at double-riveted joints, and about three diameters at single-riveted joints. 7. Racing, &c.: The length of a round course which has to be traversed several times by the competitors. "Littlewood and Rowell added seven miles and eight laps to their score in the first hour."-London Daily Telegraph. Flax Manuf.: A machine in which several slivers of carded tow from the breaker, or first carding machine, are united in a lap and wound on a bobbin, from which they may be fed to the finisher-card. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, 2470 lap-joint, 8. One layer overlapping the edge of another, as the clincher-build of boats. lap-jointed, a. Having lap-joints. lapidify lǎp'-ful, s. [Eng. lap, and -ful(1).] As much as can be contained in the lap. *lǎp'-I-çide, s. [Lat. lapicida, from lapis-a stone, and cædo-to cut.] A stone-cutter. *lặp-Y-däire, s. [Fr.] Alapidary (q. v.). (genit. lapidis) = a stone.] Of or pertaining to lap-I-där-1-an, a. [Lat. lapidarius, from lapis stone; engraved or cut on stone. lap-ring, 8. An open ring in which the ends lap past each other without touching, so that it may form a connecting link for attaching the single-tree to the clip of the double-tree, or connecting the ends of a broken chain, &c. lap-roller, s. Fiber: A roller in a lapping-machine, upon which sisting of stones; stony. the fleece or wadding is wound. lap-shaver, s. A machine for shaving leather to a thickness by means of a knife set to a graduated distance from a roller on an edge over which the hide or piece of leather is passed. The term is derived from the old practice of shaving away inequalities by means of a knife while the leather lay upon a board in the lap. lap-stone, s. A stone laid in the lap, and used as an anvil by a shoemaker in hammering his leather. lap-streak, 8. A structure, usually in boats, in which each streak or plank laps over the one below it. lap-weld, s. Forging: A weld in which the welding edges are thinned down, lapped, and welded. lǎp (2), s. [LAP (2), v.] 1. Lit.: A lick, as with the tongue. 2. Fig.: A sound, as of water rippling on a beach. lap-and-pannel, s. Liquor and food. (Scotch.) lǎp (1), v. t. [LAP (1), s.] To rest in the lap of. lǎp (2), *lappe (1), *wlap-pen, v. t. & i. [A corrupt. of wrap (q. v.).] 1. Lit.: To lick or take up liquids with the tongue. 2. Fig.: To make a sound similar to that of lick ing up water with the tongue. "The wild waters lapping on the crag." Tennyson: Morte d' Arthure, 71. B. Trans. To lick or take up with the tongue; to lick up. lǎp-a-gër-1-a, s. [Named after Josephine Lapagerie, wife of Bonaparte.] Bot. A genus of Philesiace. Lapageria rosea is a very beautiful twiner, with sweet edible berries, and a root having the qualities of sarsaparilla. (Lindley.) lǎp-ar-o-çēle, s. [Gr. lapara=the flank, the loins, and kele=a tumor.] Surg.: Rupture in the lumbar region, through the side. lǎp-a-ro-stic-ti-ca, s. pl. [Greek lapara=the flank, and stiktos=punctured.] Entom.: A legion of Scarabeide. The abdominal spiracles are all situated in the connecting membrane between the dorsal and ventral area of the abdominal rings. The ligula or tongue is distinct from the mentum (chin). It contains four subfamilies: Coprine, Aphodiina, Geotrupina, and Troginæ. lăp-a-thin, s. [CHRYSOPANIC-ACID.] lǎp-1-där -1-oŭs, a. [Lat. lapidarius.] Con lǎp -1-dar-, s. & a. [Lat. lapidarius=a stonemason, a jeweler; lapis (genit. lapidis) = a stone; Fr. lapidaire; Sp., Port., & Ital. lapidario.] A. As substantive: 1. One whose business it is to cut, polish, and engrave gems and precious stones. "The lapidaries now shall learn to set 2. A dealer in gems or precious stones. lapidary, one of the sheriffs."-Walpole: Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i., ch. iv. 3. A connoisseur in gems or precious stones; one who is skilled in the nature, value, &c., of lapidary work. B. As adj. Of or pertaining to a stone or stones; specifically, pertaining to the art of cutting, engraving, or polishing gems or precious stones. lapidary-bee, s. Entom.: Bombus lapidarius, the humble bee, with a black body and the apex of the abdomen red. It is called lapidary because it makes its nest in stony places. It is an irascible animal, beyond all its congeners. lapidary-mill, s. The grinding and polishing apparatus of the lapidary. lapidary-style, s. The style appropriate for monumental and other inscriptions. lapidary-wheel, s. The wheel on which a lapidary polishes gems or precious stones. The wheels of the lapidary are of two kinds: the slicer, which is a thin iron wheel touched with diamond dust, and used like a circular saw, and the lap. [LAP (1) s., II. 3.] *lǎp'-I-dāte, v. t. [Lat. lapidatus, pa. par. of lapido = to stone; lapis (genit. lapidis) = a stone.] To stone; to kill by stoning. *lǎp-1-dā -tion, s. [Lat. lapidatio, from lapi datus, pa. par. of lapido.] The act of stoning; the act of killing by stoning. *lǎp-I-da-tor, s. [Lat.] One who stones. la-pid -ĕ-on, s. [Lat. lapis (genit. lapidis)=a stone.] Music: An instrument contrived by M. Baudry, made of flints and schist suspended from an iron frame and struck with a flint hammer to produce the notes. The flints are about forty in number and elongated, but of various lengths and thicknesses. They are arranged in the order of their tone. *la-pid -ě-oŭs, a. [Lat. lapideus, from lapis (genit. lapidis) = a stone.] Consisting of stone; of the nature of stone; stony. flǎp-1-děş-çençe, *lǎp-I-des -çen-çỷ, s. [Eng. lapidescen(t); -ce, -cy.] i. The quality or state of being lapidescent; the process or state of becoming stone; petrifaction. 2. A stony concretion. lǎp-1-děş-çent, a. & s. [Lat. lapidescens, pr. par. of lapidesco to become stone; from lapis (genit. lapidis)=a stone.] A. As adjective: 1. Becoming or turning into stone; becoming petrified. 2. Having the quality or power of converting into stone. B. As subst.: Any substance which has the qual ity or power of converting other substances into stone. lǎp-Id-If-ic, *lǎp-id-If-ick, lap-id-If-Ic-al, adj. [Lat. lapis (genit. lapidis)=a stone, and facio to make; Fr.lapidifique.] Forming or converting into stone; petrifying. la-pid-i-fi-ca-tion, s. [Fr., from Lat. lapis (genit. lapidis)=a stone, and facio to make.] 1. The act or process of converting into stone; petrifaction. 2. The state of becoming petrified or converted lǎp-dog, s. [Eng. lap, and dog.] A little dog into stone. carried by ladies in their laps; a pet dog. la-pěl, lap-pěl', s. [Eng. lap (1), s.; dimin. suff. el.] That part of a dress which is made to lap or fold over. la pelled, a. ([Eng. lapel; ed.] Provided or furnished with lapels. *la-pid -I-fy, v. t. & i. [Latin lapis (genit. lapidis) = a stone; suff. -fy.] A. Trans.: To form or convert into stone; to petrify. B. Intrans.: To become formed or converted into stone; to become petrified. pine, pit, sïre, sir, fâll, father; wē, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; marîne; gō, põt |