Lambert Lăm -bert, s. [Named after Lambert, a botanist, who wrote a monograph of the genus Pinus.] Lambert-pine, s. Bot.: Pinus lambertiana, a gigantic tree, discovered by Douglas in New Albion. Trunk, lofty and erect; leaves five, rather stiff, bright green, with no sheaths; cones very large and pendulous; seeds large and used for food. lămb'-Ie, s. [Eng. lamb; dimin. suff. -ie--y.] A little lamb, a lambkin. Burns: Holy Fair. "The third came up, hap-stap-an'-lowp, As light as ony lambie." flămb-Ing, s. [Eng. lamb; -ing.] A brood or breed of lambs. "Stone had also done very well, his lambings had been good."-A. G. Grant: Bush Life in Queensland, ii. 173. lǎmb-kill, s. [Eng. lamb; -kill.] Bot.: An American name for Kalmia angustifolia. "A sable ewe each leader should provide, Old Armor: Skirts of steel plates, flexible and overlapping, attached to the front and back pieces of the cuirass, and hanging over the thighs; worn especially in Germany in the earlier part of the sixteenth century. They were cut away, before and behind, to allow the rider to sit on his horse.' lăm-brequin (brequin as berkin), lam-bre-kin, s. [Fr.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. A curtain on the helmet to protect from the rays of the sun, somewhat resembling the cap with a valance named after Havelock. WREATH Lambrequin. 2. A festooned drapery, forming an ornament at the upper part of a window, and covering the curtain rings and bar. II. Heraldry: 1. The point of a label. 2. The wreath of a helmet. lǎmb-skin, s. [Eng. lamb, and skin.] 1. The skin of a lamb dressed with the fleece on and colored, used as a mat, &c. 2. A kind of woolen cloth resembling the dressed skin of a lamb. lăm ́-dổid-ạl, a. [LAMBDOIDAL.] lāme, a. [A. S. lama; cogn. with Dut. lam lame; Icel. lami, lama; Dan. lam=palsied: Sw. lam; M. H. Ger, lam. The original sense probably is bruised or maimed; cf. Icel. lama to bruise.] I. Literally: 1. Crippled, maimed, or disabled in one or more of the limbs, usually in one or both of the legs. 2. Crippled or disabled so as to be unsound or defective in strength; as, a lame leg. 3. Crippled, disabled, or impaired in any way. "Youth is nimble, age is lame.' II. Figuratively: Shakesp.: Pilgrim of Love, 162. 2461 (2)_Pl. (of bone): Concentric rings surrounding the Haversian canals. 2. Botany: (1) Sing. A corona, dividing into several foli. 3. Zool. (pl.): The thin plates constituting the la-měl'-lar, a. [LAMELLA.] 1. Ord. Lang.: Composed of or disposed in thin 3. Zool.: [IMBRICATE, a.] [Mod. Latin lamellarius= lamellar, from Lat. lamella (q. v.).] Zool. A genus of gasteropodous mollusks, family Naticide. They have white, pellucid, fragile, earshaped shells, without an operculum. Ten recent species are known, from Northern Europe, &c., and two fossil, from the Pliocene. la-měl ́-lar-ly, adv. [Eng. lamellar; -ly.] In manner of thin plates or scales. lăm -ěl-lāte,lăm -ěl-lát-ěd, a. [Eng.lamella; suff. -ate, -ated.] Covered with thin plates or scales; formed of or furnished with lamella; divided internally into small plates. la-měl-li-brăn-chi-ā'-tạ, s. pl. [Lat. lamella thin plates; Lat. branchia; Gr. brongchia=gills, and suff. -ata.] Zool.: De Blainville's name for a class of mollusks breathing by two pairs of gills, in the form of flat, membranous plates, attached to the mantle. [LAMELLICalled by Lamarck and others Conchifera (q. v.). la-měl-li-brăn-chi-ate, a. & s. BRANCHIATA.] A. As adj. Of or pertaining to the Lamellibranchiata (q. v.). B. As subst.: A member of the order Lamellibran- 1a-měl -li-corn, a. & s. [LAMELLICORNES.] = la-měl-li-cor-ni-a, lạ-měl-li-cor-nēş, s. pl. [Latin lamell (œ) thin plates; i connective; corn (ua) horns, and neut. pl. adj. suff. -ia, or masc. and fem. -es.] Entom.: A tribe of beetles having short antennæ terminated by a lamellated club-i. e., a club composed of lamelle or little plates-formed by the expansion on one side of the three apical joints. The mentum is solid and horny; the legs are long, and have spines and tooth-like projections on the fore ones, enabling them to dig with facility. The larvae are soft and cylindrical, with a large vertical head. There are six small legs attached to the thoracic segments. Some live in the ground, feed ing on the roots of plants, and others in decayed animal and vegetable matter, which affords them food. They are all herbivorous. Among them are the most bulky and some of the most splendid beetles existing. More than 7,000 species are known. They are divided into two families: Scarabeida and Lucanidæ. lăm ěl lifer-oňs, a. [Latin lamella=a thin plate; fero to bear, to produce, and Eng, adj. suff. ous.] Producing lamella; composed of thin plates 1. Halting; not running smoothly or evenly; de- or layers; foliated in structure. fective in rhyme or rhythm. "Whether in prose or verse, 'tis all the same; 2. Unsatisfactory, imperfect. lame-duck, 8. A defaulter on the Stock Exchange. (Slang.) la-mě1-11-form, a. [Lat. lamella a thin plate, and forma form, shape.] Having the form or shape of a scale or plate. la-měl-11-ros -tral, a. & s. [LAMELLIROSTRES.] A. As adj. Of or pertaining to the Lamellirostres (q. v.). B. As subst.: A member of the family Lamelli rostres. la-měl-li-ros -trēş, s. [Latin lamella thin 1. To mourn, to wail, to grieve; to express sorrow, to bewail. 2. To regret deeply; to grieve; to feel sorrow. B. Trans.: To bewail, to mourn over, to deplore, to grieve for. "The lot which all lament and none can shun." Pope: Homer's Odyssey, xxiv. 43. la-měnt', s. [LAMENT, v.] 1. Grief or sorrow expressed in cries or complaints; lamentation; grief audibly expressed. *2. An elegy; a mournful air. lăm -ĕnt-a-ble, a. [Fr., from Lat. lamentabilis, from lamentor to lament; Sp. lamentable; Ital. lamentabile.] 1. To be lamented, bewailed, or mourned for; mournful, sad. calling for or exciting grief or lamentations; ch. xvii. "The natural though lamentable effect of extreme dan- The same as LAMENTABLY (q. v.). "I love a ballad but even too well; if it be doleful "Now Christian looked for nothing but death, and be gan to cry out lamentably.”—Bunyan: Pilgrim's Progress, pt. i. 3. Pitifully, miserably, despicably. [Lat. lăm-ěn-tã-tion, *lam-en-ta-cy-on, s. lamentatio, from lamentor to lament; Fr. lamen I. Ordinary Language: tation; Sp. lamentacion; Ital. lamentazione.] 1. The act of lamenting or bewailing; mourning, wailing. "His sons buried him, and all Israel made great lamentation for him."-1 Maccabees ii. 10. 2. A cry or audible expression of grief; a wail, an outcry. "Must I relinquish it all?' he cried, with a wild lamentation," Longfellow: Courtship of Miles Standish, iii. II. Scripture (pl.): lame, v. t. [LAME, 8.] To make lame, to cripple, plates, and rostrum a beak. So called because the with Jer. xlix. 12, &c. Each of the five chapters edges of the bill are furnished with a series of la-měl-lōse, a. [Lat. lamell(a); Eng. adj. suff. lame-ly, adv. [Eng. lame; -ly.] 1. Lit.: In a lame manner; like a cripple or lame chorus, -sion = shun; Old Test. Canon: One of the shorter books of the Old Testament. No author's name is attached to it in the Hebrew Bible, where it is simply desig nated from its first two words, ekhah="Ŏ how. miou Dirges or Lamentations of Jeremiah." The Septuagint translators called it Threnoi IereUniversal tradition attributes it to him, and the style is that of his acknowledged prophecies. Cf. Lam. i. 15, ii. 13 with Jer. xiv. 17; Lam. i. 16, ii. 11, iii. 48-9 with Jer. ix. 1, xiii. 17, xiv. 17; Lam. iv. 21 is a distinct elegy. Chapters i., ii., and iv. have twenty-two Hebrew letters alphabetically arranged. each twenty-two verses, and beginning with the the letters of the alphabet, thrice repeated. The Chapter iii. has sixty-six verses, commencing with fifth chapter is not alphabetically arranged, though it also has twenty-two verses. The theme is the destruction and desolation of Jerusalem, and the slaughter of many of its inhabitants, with the misery of the survivors. It is chanted in part of the la-ment -ěd, pa. par. or a. [LAMENT, v.] Jewish ritual on the 9th of Ab, in our month of July. *la-měnt -ěd-ly, adv. [Eng. lamented; -ly.] In a lamented or lamentable manner; lamentably. expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. bel, sin, aş; -sious shus. -ble, -dle, &c. lamenter la-měnt-er, s. [Eng. lament; -er.] One who mourns or laments; a mourner. la-men-tin, s. [LAMANTIN.] la-ment -Ing, pr. par., a. & 8. [LAMENT, v.] A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.) C. As subst.: Lamentation, mourning, grief, wailing. la-ment -Ing-ly, adv. [Eng. lamenting: -ly.] In a lamenting manner; with lamentations. 2462 lăm-I-när-I-a, s. [Lat. lamina (q. v.); sing. fem. suff. -aria. Named from the bladder-like character of the fronds.] Bot.: A genus of Algals, the typical one of the family Laminarida, or the order Laminariaceae. In place of leaves there is a plane ribless expansion. The stem is either naked or fringed. The young stalks of Laminaria digitata and L. sac charina, called tangles, are eaten. The first of these with L. bulbosa are most valued of the genus for kelp manufacture. L. saccharina is used as an imperfect hygrometer. Itis administered in India in goiter, scrofula, and syphilis. So are L. bracteata and the large Australian species, L. potatorum. nari(a); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.] lăm-I-när-1-a-çe-æ, s. pl. [Mod. Latin lamiBot.: An order of dark-spored Algals. They are olive-colored, unjointed seaweeds, with superficial lămes, s. pl. [Fr. lame a thin plate.] spores which form indefinite cloud-like patches, or Armor: Small steel plates overlapping and mov- cover the whole surface of the frond. Many of ing upon each other, forming armor. them are of large size. lăm-ê-ro, s. [Sp.] A walled receiver, where the slimes (mud charged with auriferous or argentiferous particles, or both) are deposited from the arrastra, to part with a portion of their water, and accumulate till sufficient to form a torta, in which the amalgamation is performed. *lam-e-ter, s. [Eng. lame; t connective; -er.] A cripple. lă-mět -ta, s. [Cf. Ital. lametta, dim. of lama= thin plate.] Thin brass, gold, or silver foil, or wire. la-mi-a, s. [Lat., from Gr. Lamia a fabulous monster said to feed on man's flesh.] 1. Greek and Roman Mythology: An evil spirit, having the semblance of a serpent, with the head, or at least the mouth, of a beautiful woman, whose whole figure the lamia was supposed to assume, for the purpose of securing the love of some man, whom, it was feigned, it tore to pieces and devoured. The most circumstantial account that has come down to us is to be found in Philostratus (de Vita Apol., lib. iv.), where Lycius is said to have fallen in love with one of these spirits, but was delivered by his master Apollonius, who, "by some probable conjectures, found her out to be a serpent, a lamia." (Burton: Anat. of Melan. (1881), p. 495.) Keats' Lamia is an amplification of this story. (Cf. Horace, 4. P., 340.) Later the word was used to signify a witch, an enchantress. [INCUBUS, LILITH.] The word lilith occurs only once in the Hebrew Scriptures. In the A. V. (Isa. xxxiv. 14) it is trans lated "screech-owl," with "night monster" as a marginal reading. The Vulgate has lamia, and lamia or lamya is found in the Great Bible, and in Coverdale's, Matthew's, Becke's, and the Bishops' Bible. 2. Entom.: The typical genus of the sub-family Lamiinae (q. v.). The species chiefly inhabit wooded countries within the tropics, especially South America. la-mi-a-çe-æ, s. pl. [Lat. lami(um); fem. pl. adj. suff. -acec.] Bot.: [LABIATE.] la-mi-dæ, s. pl. [Lat. lam (ium); fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.J Bot.: A family of Labiata, tribe Stache. lă-mi-i-næ, s. pl. fem. pl. adj. suff. Ince Mod. Lat. lami(a); Latin Entom.: A sub family of Cerambycidae. It consists of beetles with long antennæ, with a vertical forehead generally at right angles to the axis of the body. They are found on the wood of trees, and are often so variegated in color with adpressed hairs as to resemble the wood on which they live. Some tropical species, however, are brightly col ored. missure of the cerebrum. 2. Bot.: The blade or expanded surface of a leaf; the leaf of a plant without its petiole. 3. Geol.: A term used of the smaller layers into which a stratum is divided. lăm-in-a-bil-1-tỷ, 8. [Eng. laminable; -ity.] The quality or state of being laminable. lăm-In-a-ble, a. [Eng, lamin(a); -able.] Capable of being formed into lamina or thin plates; capable of being extended into thin plates by pressure between steel or iron rollers. lăm-i-när-I-an, a. [Mod. Lat. laminari(a); Eng. adj. suff. -an.] Laminaria (q. v.). Bot.: Of or belonging to the algaceous genus laminarian-zone, s. Zool. Geog.: The second of the great marine zones into which Mollusks are distributed, a zone from low water to fifteen fathoms in depth. The laminaria and other seaweeds form miniature forests in which are the vegetable-feeding mollusks, Lacuna, Rissoa, also bivalves, cephalopods, &c. In tropical seas there is often coral instead of seaweeds. The oyster beds of the north and the pearl fisheries of the south are in the laminarian zone. lăm-In-ar-Yte,8. [LAMINARITES.] Palæobot.: A species of Laminarites (q. v.). lăm-in-a-ri'-teş, s. [Mod. Latin laminari(a) (q. v.); -ites (Palæont.).] what he deemed a fossil algal from the Secondary Palaeobot. The name given by Brongniart to rocks of Aix, near La Rochelle. lăm'-in-a-ry, a. [Eng. lamin (a); -ary.] Consisting or composed of thin plates or layers. lăm-I-nate, v. t. [Lat. lamina-a thin plate.] To split up into thin plates or layers. "We took an ounce of that [refined silver] and having laminated it, we cast it upon twice its weight of beaten sublimate."-Boyle: Works, iii. 81. lăm -Y-nate, lăm-i-nat-ěd, a. [Lat.lamin(a); Eng. adj. suff. -ate, -ated.] Consisting of lamine, or thin plates or scales, in layers one over the other. "I took two parcels of gold, the one common gold thinly laminated, and the other very well refined."-Boyle: Works, iii. 82. laminated-arch, s. A timber arch made of suc cessive thicknesses of planking bent onto a centering and secured together by tree-nails. laminated pipe, s. Water, sewer, or gas pipe made of thicknesses of veneer or scale board successively wrapped to obtain thickness and strength. Each layer is thoroughly saturated with asphalt, and the grain of alternate layers passes in transverse directions, so as to secure an intimate bond and a line of resistance to disruption in any direction, lengthwise, oblique, or across the pipe circumference. The veneer is sometimes made to alternate with fabric or an adhesive composition. laminated-rib, s. An arched beam made of planks bent, laid flatwise in layers, and secured by bolts. [ARCHED-BEAM.] [LAMINATE, v.] lăm-i-nat-ing, pr. par. or a. 1. Ord. Lang.: (See the verb.) 2. Bot.: Separating into several plates or layers. laminating-machine, s. A gold-beater's rollingmill for reducing the ingot of gold to such a thickingot weighs two ounces, and is inch broad. The ness that a square inch will weigh 61⁄2 grains. The ribbon. The gold is frequently annealed during rollers are of hard steel, and extend the ingot to a the process. laminating-roller, s. Metal-working: One of a set by which a faggot or bloom is drawn out into a bar or sheet. lăm-I-na-tion, s. [Eng. lamina (te), v.; -tion.] The state of being composed of small lamina or plates. P. 579. "Mr. Darwin attributes the lamination and fissile lăm -Y-n, s. pl. [LAMINA.] structure of volcanic rocks of the trachytic structure lăm-i-nar, a. [Lat. lamin (a) =a scale, a thin to their having moved, when liquid, in the direcplate; Eng. adj. suff. -ar.] Consisting of laminetion of the lamina."-Lyell: Student's Elements of Geology, or thin plates; in layers. lăm-I-nif-er-oüs, a. [Latin lamina a thin laminar-fission, s. plate, a layer; fero-to bear, and Eng. adj. suff. Petrology: Flaggy cleavage, one of Rutley's ous.] Constructed of lamina or thin plates in layers. lamnidæ lăm-1-ni-plǎn-tar, a. [Lat. lamina-a plate, and planta the sole of the foot.] Having a horny sheath on both sides behind the tarsus, as have most of the song birds except the lark. inflammation.]' lăm-i-ni-tis, s. [Lat. lamin (a), and suff. -itis= attaching the coffin bone of a horse's foot to the Far.: Inflammation of the lamina or fleshy plates horny sheath; founder. (Youatt.) lām -ish, a. [Eng. lam (e), a. ;-ish.] Somewhat lame. *lām -I-ter, *lam-ě-ter, subst. [LAMETER.] A cripple. (Scotch.) la-ml-um, s. [Lat. the dead nettle, from Gr. from the shape of the flowers.] laimos the throat. The genus received its name Lamide (q. v.). It consists of hairy plants, with Bot.: Dead nettle; a genus of Labiatae, family many whorls or leafy bracteate heads of flowers. Calyx tubular or subcampanulate, with five teeth; upper lip of the corolla arched, lower trifid, spreading; stamens four; anthers converging in pairs, the cells diverging. Thirty-five species are known. Lamium purpureum, L. intermedium, L. amplericaule, L. album, and L. galeobdolon are the best known. lama to' bruise; A. S. laman-to thrash; Icel. lămm, lămb, *lăm, .f. [Icel. lemja=to beat; lamning a beating.] To beat soundly; to thrash. [LAM.] "A fellow whom he lambed most horribly."-Misson: Travels in England, p. 306. Lăm-mạs, *Lam-masse, s. & a. [ A, S, bf masse, hlæmmesse, from hláf= a loaf, masse - a mass.] A. As subst.: The first day of August, so called was offered as an offering of first-fruits. because on that day, in Anglo-Saxon times, a loaf day of August. B. As adj.: Belonging or pertaining to the first Shipley (Gloss. Eccles. Terms) considers Lammas an abridgment of Vincula mass, or, the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula, in commemoration of his deliverance from chains, which is celebrated on August 1st. At Latter Lammas: Never: equivalent to "Greek kalends." Lammas-day, 8. The first of August; Laramas. thirty-first of July. Lammas-eve, s. The eve of Lammas-day; the Lammas-tide, subst. Lammas-time or season (q. v.)... She is not fourteen; how long is it now To Lammas-tide?" Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, i. 3. *lăm'-mer, *lam-er, *laum-er, 8. & “. [Perhaps for l'ammer, a Frenchified form of amber.] A. As subst.: Amber. B. As adj.: Made of amber. "A grogram gown, lammer beads, and a clean cockernony."-scott: Bride of Lammermoor, ch. xii. lăm-mer-gei-er, læm-mer-gey-er, lěm mer-gey-er, s. [Ger. lämmergeier; lämmer, pl. of lamm-a lamb, and geier-a vulture.] Ornith.: The name given in parts of Switzerland, &c., to an eagle, Gypaetus barbatus. [GRIFFON, 2.] lăm-nạ,8. [Gr. lamna, the same as lamia.] [LAMIA.] 1. Ichthyology: The typical genus of the fam(q.v.). Lamna ily Lamnida the Porbeagle cornubica is or Beaumarisshark (q. v.). 2. Palæon tology: Teeth apparently be Lammergeier. longing to the genus are found in the Cretaceous rocks. lăm-ni-da, s. pl. [Mod. Lat., &c., lamn(a) (q. v.); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. ido.] 1. Ichthy. Porbeagles; a family of Selachoidei (Sharks). No nictitating membrane, no spiracles, or only minute foramina in their place. The gill openings are usually wide. Dr. Günther divides the family into two sub-families, Lamnina and Selachina (q. v.). 2. Paleont.: Teeth, &c., belonging to the family are found in the Cretaceous and the Tertiary. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll, father; we, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sire, sir, marîne; gō, "Structural Planes.' pot, lamnina lăm-ni-ng, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. lamn(a); Latin neut. pl. adj. suff. -ina.] Ichthy. A sub-family of Lamnidae, containing the genera Lamna, Carcharodon, Odontaspis, and Alopecias. (Günther.) lăm-năǹ -gui-a (ui as wi), 8. [Lat. lamna, a contr. for lamina, and unguis=a nail.] Zool. A name given by Prof. Wagner to a section of the Pachydermata, having flattened nails instead of hoofs. It contains only one family, Hyracidae (q. v.). lǎnıp, *lampe, s. [Fr. lampe, from Lat. lampas; Gr. lampas a torch, a light; lampo-to shine; Ger. lampe; Ital. lampa.] 1. Literally: (1) A vessel in early times of rude pottery, later of metal, glass, or porcelain, for the production of artificial light by means of the combustion of a wick inserted in oil or other highly inflammable matter. "The wise [virgins] took oil in their vessels with their lamps."-Matt. xxiv. 4. (2) In a loose sense, the word is used for some other contrivance of producing artificial light; as, a gas-lamp, an electric-lamp. 2. Fig. Anything resembling or suggesting a lamp in use or appearance; anything which gives out or possesses light real or metaphorical; anything shining as a luminary. "Thy word is a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path."-Psalms cxix. 105. Eolepile lamp: A vessel containing alcohol which is vaporized by heat, and forms a powerful blow-pipe flame when ignited. Arc lamp: A form of electric lamp, in which light is given out by the voltaic arc spanning the interval between the carbon points. Dobereiner's lamp: A lamp in which flame is produced by a spontaneous ignition of a jet of hydrogen gas passed through a platinum sponge. Safety lamp: A miner's lamp in which explosive gases are kept from ignition by a fine wire gauze which surrounds the flame. lamp-bracket, s. A branch extending from a wall or pillar to hold a lamp. lamp-burner, s. The portion of a lamp at which the wick is exposed, adjusted, and ignited. Its crowning portion is usually such as to direct a current of air upon the wick to insure a more perfect combustion. lamp-cement, s. A cement for brass mountings upon glass, such as on lamps, is made by boiling resin 3 parts with caustic soda 1 part, in water 5 parts, thus making a kind of soap, which is mixed with half its weight of plaster of Paris, zinc-white, white-lead, or precipitated chalk. It is unaffected by petroleum or similar burning-fluids. lamp-chimney, s. The glass funnel which increases the draft and protects the flame of a lamp. Lamp-chimneys are usually made of glass, but have been made of mica, metal with mica windows, horn, and porcelain. Their forms are various, from the straight cylinder of the German student's or Argand lamp to the obese bulb of commoner varieties. They have also been made in various convoluted and spiral forms, designed to give greater liberty of expansion with changes of temperature. They have also been split longitudinally, spirally, and made with holes, the intention being in each case to make them less liable to fracture by heat or a blow. Lamp-chimney cleaner: Domestic: A pad or brush for cleaning the chimneys and glasses of lamps. It is usually made expanding, so as to bear upon opposite portions of the inside. lamp-cone, 8. A dome-shaped or conical cap, with a slit for the flame, and placed over and around the wick and wick-tube of a lamp, to concentrate the current of air at the throat of the cone. lamp-oil, s. Any oil used for illuminating pur poses. lamp-post, s. A stand for a street-lamp, usually adapted for gas. The pipes rise inside the hollow post, with a burner on top surrounded by a glazed lantern. lamp-shade, s. A screen placed above the light to intercept or mellow it. It may have a dark exterior and reflecting interior surface. lamp-shells, 8. pl. Zoology: 1. Gen. The class Brachiopoda (q. v.), the shape of the shell, with the hole for the passage of the peduncle,, presenting some resemblance to an Etruscan lamp. 2. Spec.: The genus Terebratula (q. v.). lamp-stove, s. A stove in which the heat is obtained by the burning of oil in wicks beneath the kettle, oven, &c. boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat, çell, lamp-wick, s. 2463 1. Ord. Lang.: The capillary or foraminous material which conducts oil or grease to the part where it is consumed in the flame. Wicks are usually of woven fiber-cotton, for instance, but have been made of paper-pulp, asbestos, biscuit of fire-clay, &c. 2. Bot.: Phlomis lychnitis, one of the Labiata (q. v.). It is an evergreen shrub, native of Southern Europe, whence it was taken to England in 1568. *lămp (1), v. t. & i. [LAMP, s.] A. Trans. To light up, as a lamp; to illuminate. "Did toward me those lamping turns direct." Drummond, s. XV. B. Intrans.: To shine; to give light. "Emongst the eternal spheres and lamping sky." Spenser: F. Q., III. iii. 1. To lămp (2), v. i. [A variant of limp (q. v.).] walk quickly and with long strides. (Scotch.) flăm-păd, s. [Gr. lampas (genit. lampados).] A lamp; a candlestick. lăm-pa-đẻg, s.pl. [LAMPAD.] Zool. The name given by the early modern naturalists, specially by Menschen in 1787 and Humphreys in 1797, to the Lamp-shells. [BRACHIOPODA.] lăm -pa-dist, s. [Gr. lampadistes, from lampas (genit. lampados)=a lamp.] One who gained a prize in the lampadrome. lăm-pa-dite, s. [Named by Hust after Lampadius; suff. -ite (Min.).] Min.: A variety of Wad containing 4 to 18 per cent. of oxide of copper, and sometimes oxide of cobalt. Passes into melaconite (q.v.). Dana makes it a sub-species of Wad (q. v.), but it is probably only a mixture. [Gr. lampadēdromia, from lăm-pa-dröme, 8. to exhibit at certain sacred festivals. The competi- Farriery: A disease in horses, consisting of a lămp'-black, s. [Eng. lamp, and black.] A nearly pure form of amorphous carbon, obtained by the imperfect combustion of oil or resin. It is used as a pigment. lampblack-furnace, s. A cylindrical chamber, lined with sheepskin or canvas, and having a conical top. The top is provided with a cowl, through which the more volatile products of combustion escape, the carbon adhering to the lining of the chamber. At one side is a smaller communicating compartment, provided with a grate, on which a vessel containing the hydrocarbon, resin, coal-tar, or similar substance, is placed, and heated by a fire beneath. lăm'-per éel,s. [LAMPREY. lăm -pern, s. [Altered for the purpose of dis- lăm-pers,s. [LAMPAS.] Lăm-pě-ters, s. pl. [Named from Lampeter, in Lăm-pê-tiạng (ti as sh), 8. pl. [See def. Ch. Hist.: A sect, probably of the fourth or fifth century, said to derive their name from their founder Lampetius, of whom nothing is known. St. John Damascene (de Hær (ed. 1548), p. 359) describes them as teaching that no Christian should chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; lampriminæ do anything unwillingly or by constraint, and says that their freedom degenerated into license. They have, at various times, been identified with the Massalians, Adelphians, and Marcionists, but were probably a branch of the Euchites. *lămp'-fall, a. [Eng. lamp, and full.] Starry. lămp'-ic, a. [From (Dobereiner's) lamp, the name given to the platinum spiral over a spirit lamp; -ic.] lampic-acid, s. etheric acid. An acid discovered by Davy and Far Chem.: C4H4O3. Aldehydic-acid, acetylous-acid, aday, and called by Prof. Daniell lampic acid. If a spiral of platinum wire be kept at a red heat in the wick of a spirit-lamp, and the volatile products of combustion condensed, an acid liquid is obtained, the vapor of which has the odor of aldehyde, and strongly affects the eyes. This is called lampic acid, but by many chemists it is considered to be a mixture of aldehyde, acetic and formic acids. It is a transparent, colorless liquid; specific gravity, 1'015, possessing a sour, harsh taste, and disagreeable pungent odor. It has a powerfully reducing action, and if heated with the oxides of silver or gold, converts them into the metallic state, a liquid remaining which is found to contain acetic acid. *lămp'-Ing, a. [Eng. lamp; -ing.] Shining as a lamp; sparkling. flăm -pi-on, s. [Fr., dimin. of lampe.] A small lamp, used for illuminations and decorations. lăm-pit, 8. [LIMPET.] Alimpet. lămp-less, a. [Eng. lamp; -less.] Without or destitute of a lamp; not reflecting light. "Your ladies' eyes are lampless to that virtue." Beaum, & Flet.: Mad Lover, ii. 1. lămp-light (gh silent), 8. [Eng. lamp, and light.} The light given at night by lamps. lămp-light-er (gh silent), s. [Eng. lamp, and lic lamps at night. lighter.] One whose occupation is to light the pub called from the exclamation lampons!=let us drink, lăm-poôn, s. [Fr. lampon a drinking song, so frequently introduced into such songs; lamper=to drink.] A personal satire written or published; scurrilous abuse, usually of some one prominently before the public. lăm-poôn',v. t. [LAMPOON, 8.]. To write lam poons upon; to abuse with personal satire. lăm-poôn'-er, s. [Eng. lampoon; -er.] One who lampoons another; one who writes personal satire on others: a writer of lampoons. lăm-poôn-rỹ,8. [Eng.lampoon; -ry.] The act of lampooning; a lampoon; personal abuse or satire. lăm-pra-ch-ni-ăm, 8. [Gr. lampros=bright, brilliant, and Mod. Lat. (a) chœnium (q. v.).] Bot.: A genus of Composites. Lamprachenium microcephalum, an Indian plant, is said by Dymock to be used medicinally as an aromatic bitter. lăm-prěl, lăm-prồn,s. [LAMPREY.] lăm-prey, *lam-preye, s. [Fr. lamproie; Prov. lampreza, lamprea, lamprada; Sp. & Port. lamprea; Ital. lampreda, from Lat. lampetra=the lamprey, from lambo to lick, and petru a rock. So called from attaching itself by its mouth to rocks.] 1. (Sing.): The genus Petromyzon. There are two dorsal fins, both far back on the body. The Sea, or Spotted Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, is an eel-like fish, nearly three feet long, greenishbrown, marbled with darker brown and green on the back and sides. It attaches itself to rocks, boats, and to other fishes, by the mouth, exhausting the air. It is found in this country, in England and Africa. The Fringe-lipped Lamprey (Petromyzon branchialis) is called also the Sandpiper (q. v.), the River Lamprey, and the Lampern (q. v.). "There were found in Cæsar's fish-ponds, lampreyes to have lived threescore years."-Bacon: Hist. Life and Death, § 11. 2. (Pl.): The family Petromyzontidae. It consists of eel-like fishes, with a naked skin and undergoing ametamorphosis. Their larval form was taken for a distinct fish, and was called Ammocætes. In this form the head is very small, the mouth toothless and surrounded by fringed barbels, and the eye small and hidden in a groove. In the third of fourth year maturity is reached. lăm-pri-ma, s. [Gr. lampreimōn=clad in spien. did robes; lampros-bright.] Entom. The typical genus or the sub-family Lamprimin (q. v.). It is of splendid hue, and is from Australia. lăm-pri-mi-næ, s. pl. [Mod, Latin, &c., lam prim(a); Lat. pl. adj. suff. inœ.] Entom.: A sub-family of Lucanide (Stagbeetles). They are distinguished for their metallic splendor. sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = £. lampris lăm'-pris, s. [Gr. lampros=bright.] Ichthy. A genus of Coryphaenidae, or Coryphenina. Lampris luna is the Opah (q. v.). See also KING-FISH. lăm-pro-phane, lăm-proph-an-ite, s. [Gr. lampros shining, and phainomai=to appear.] Min.: A mineral found in thin, cleavable folia at Longban, Wermland, Sweden. Hardness, 3; specific gravity, 307; luster, pearly; color and streak white. Composition: Sulphuric acid, 11'17; oxide of lead, 280; protoxide of manganese, 790; magnesia, 5'26; lime, 24'65; soda and potash, 14'02; water, 8:35. lăm-proph-an-ite, s. [LAMPROPHANE.] lăm-pro-tor-ni'-næ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. lamprotornis (q.v.); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -inc.] Ornith. In Swainson's classification, a sub-family of Sturnidæ, having the bill thrush-like, compressed, the culmen curved from the base, the lateral toes unequal. Now generally merged in Sturning (q.v.). lăm-prot-or-nĭs, s. [Gr. lamprotes=brightness, and ornis a bird.] Ornith. The typical genus of the sub-family Lamprotornina (q. v.). Found in Africa. lăm-pro-type, s. [Gr. lampros=shining, beautiful, and Eng. type.] Photog.: A polished collodion picture. lămp-sa-na, s. [LAPSANA.] lămp-sa-ně-æ, s. [LAPSANEE.] lăm-pyr-I-da (yr as ir), s. [Lat., &c., lampyr(is); fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.] Entom.: A family of Pentamerous Beetles, tribe Malacodermata. The antennæ are variable in form. The body is long, narrow, and soft. More than 500 are known, most of them from North and South America. [LAMPYRIS.] The family is divided into the sub-families, Lycine, Lampyrine, and Tele phorinæ. lăm-pуr-i ́-næ, s. pl. [Lat. lampyr (is) (q. v.); fem. pl. adj. suff. -inc.] Entom. The typical sub-family of the family Lampyride (q. v.). The prothorax forms a shield more or less covering the head; the tail in the females emits an electric light. làm-pyr-ine, s. [Lat., &c., Zampyr(is); -ine.] Zool.: A member of the coleopterous sub-family Lampyrin (q. v.). lăm-pyr is (yr as ïr), s. [Lat., from Gr. lampouris=a glowworm; lampo-to shine, and oura= a tail.] Entom.: The typical genus of the sub-family Lampyringe and of the family Lampyride. Lampyris noctiluca is the Glowworm (q. v.). la-na, s. [The native name.] A kind of close grained, tough wood, obtained from the Genipa americana, a tree of the Cinchona family, and a native of British Guiana. The fruit, called genipap, yields a pigment called lana dye, used by the natives to stain their skins. lana-dye, s. [LANA.] lǎn'-ark-ite, s. [Named from Lanarkshire, Scotland where first found; suff. -ite (Min.).] Min.: A monoclinic mineral, occuring in crystals aggregated lengthways. Cleavage perfect in one direction, less so in another; lamine flexible; hardness, 2-25; specific gravity, 63-64; luster, cleavageface pearly, elsewhere adamantine to resinous; color, greenish-white or pale-yellow. Composition: formerly regarded as PbSO4+PbCO3, but recent analyses prove the absence of carbonic acid, the composition being Pb2SO5, which requires sulphate of lead, 576; oxide of lead, 42'4. lā'-na-rỷ, s. [Lat. lanaria= wool-store, from lanarius = pertaining to wool; lana = wool.] A wool-store. la-nāte, la-nāt-ěd, a. [Latin lanatus, from lana=wool.] Ord. Lang. & Bot. Woolly. Lăn'-ca-shire, s. & a. [See definition.] A. As subst. One of the most important counties of England, situated in the northwest. B. As adj. Of or belonging to the county described under A. Lancashire-asphodel, s. Bot.: Narthecium ossifragum. [BOG-ASPHODEL.] Lancashire-boiler, s. A form of steam boiler, having two flues which contain the furnaces and extend the entire length of the boiler. Lăn -cas-ter, s. [The name of the inventor.] Ordn.: A cannon with a twisting, slightly oval bore and conoidal projectile. Mr. Lancaster's plan was adopted in 1854, and several Lancaster guns were employed at the siege of Sebastopol. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll, 2464 Lancaster-rifle, s.A rifle with an elliptic rifling, the bore being slightly oval in section. The twist is one turn in 32 inches, which is the length of the barrel; bore, 498 inch; eccentricity, 01 in half an inch. The lateral expansion of the bullet causes it to fill the bore. Length of bullet, 2% diameters first of its kind. with a windage of T, and has a paper patch; the Lăn-căs-tër-Y-an, a. [See def.] Ofor belonging to Joseph Lancaster, a member of the Society of Friends. He was born in 1771. He traveled as an advocate for education from 1807 to 1811. Becoming insolvent he removed in 1818 to the United States, where he died on Oct. 23, 1838. He was the author of the monitorial system of education. [MONITORIAL.] Lancasterian-schools, s. pl. Schools set up under the auspices of the British and Foreign School Society on the system of Joseph Lancaster. lăn-cạs-ter-ite, s. [Named by Silliman, jr., sylvania; suff. -ite (Min.).] from the place where found, Lancaster Co., Penn species, but now shown to be a mixture of brucite Min.: A mineral, once supposed to be a distinct and hydromagnesite. (See these words.) Lăn-căs-tri-ạn, a. [See def.] Hist. A follower of Henry IV., son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. [¶ Wars of the Roses, under ROSE.] lançe, s. [Fr., from Lat. lancea; cogn. with Gr. longchi=alance.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. A weapon consisting of a long shaft with a sharp point, much used, particularly before the invention of firearms. It is a thrusting weapon used on foot, but chiefly on horseback. In the Middle Ages the lance was held in the highest repute by knights and men-at-arms who formed the main strength of European armies; it was gradually superseded by the invention of gunpowder. The lance used by knights of the Middle Ages was of a peculiar form. Near the lower end the lance was very thick, with a deep opening in which the arm was placed when the lance was put in rest preparatory to a charge. Immediately in front of the opening the shaft was, in tilting-lances, from a foot to a foot and a half in diameter, and sloped off toward the upper end, which was from a half to three-quarters of an inch in diameter. The lances now in use among the European cavalry have a shaft of ash or beech-wood from 8 to 16 feet long, with a steel point 8 or 10 inches long, and, to prevent this from being cut off by a saber stroke, the shaft is guarded by a strip long. The other end has an iron cap to prevent splitting. The point has a small pennon, intended to frighten the enemy's horses. When not in use, the lance is carried in a leathern shoe by the right stirrup, dependent by a les thern thong on the right arm. In use, it is carried under the right arm. of iron on each side from one and a half to two feet "Set lance in rest, strike spur." Tennyson: Elaine, 455. Free lance: Formerly a mercenary soldier, owing who is free to assail any party or principle, and is allegiance to no one permanently; hence a person not pledged to any one more than temporarily. Stink-fire lance: A fuse which, when ignited, emits a suffocating odor, and is used in military mining operations to dislodge counter-miners. 2. A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer. II. Technically: 1. Carp.: A pointed blade, usually employed to sever the grain on each side of the intended path of a chipping-bit or router. It is used in crozes, planes, and gauges of certain kinds. 2. Greek Ritual: A small knife used in the early part of the present Greek liturgy to divide the Host from the holy loaf. The action commemorates the piercing of our Lord's side. The priest makes four cuts in the loaf, and stabs it more than once, accompanying each action with appropriate texts of Scripture. 3. Pyrotech.: Lances are small paper cases, filled wood, to mark the outlines of the figures in pyrowith composition, and attached to light frames of technical devices. Various chemicals give the desired color to the flame. lance-bucket, s. Cavalry: The shoe in which the butt of a lance is carried by the troopers of certain bodies of cavalry. lance-corporal, s. Mil. A private who performs the duties and holds the rank of a corporal temporarily. A certain proportion receive extra pay. lance-fish, s. An English marine fish, the sandlance, Ammodytes tobianus; the name is also ap plied to other members of the genus Ammodytes. *lance-gay, #lance-gaye, *lance-de-gay, s. A kind of lance. lancet lance-head, s. The head or tip of a lance. *lance-knight, *launce-knight, s. A common soldier, a lancer. [LANSQUENET.] *lance-rest, s. A kind of hook, attached to the cuirass on the right side for supporting the lance in the charge. lance-shaped, a. Shaped like a lance; lanceolance-snake, s. late. Zool. The genus Bothrops. It belongs to the family Crotalida, and contains the Yellow Viper, or Rat-tailed Serpent of the West Indies (Bothrops lanceolatus), B. atrox, &c. All are American. lançe, launce, *lawn-cyn, v. t. & i. [LANCE, 8.] A. Transitive: 1. To pierce; to cut as with a lance. "Launsing his side full pitously alas." Chaucer: Lamentation of Mary Magdalen. 2. To cut as a surgeon; to open with a lancet. "The surgeon launceth and cutteth out the dead flesh." -Tyndall: Workes, p. 119. 3. To pierce; to cut mentally. "When every letter lanced her like a dart." Drayton: Barons' Wars, bk. vi. 4. To throw as a lance; to launch; to hurl. "And with that word, with all his force a dart He launced then into that croked wombe." Surrey: Virgile; Eneis il *B. Intrans.: To spring. "Plomes and cherries That lyghtliche launceth up litel while dureth." Piers Plowman, p. 213. lançe-lět, s. [A diminutive of Eng. lance.] Ichthyology: 1. Amphioxus lanceolatus, a transparent and iridescent fish about three inches long, with a fin extending nearly from the snout to the hinder extremity. The skeleton is imperfectly developed, the blood colorless; no proper skull or brain. It has affinities to the Ascidians. Its movements are active. It is found in temperate and tropical seas. 2. The genus Amphioxus (q. v.). tlǎnçe -ly, a. [Eng. lance; -ly.] Suitable to a lance. "He carried his lances, which were strong, to give a lancely blow."-Sidney: Arcadia. lǎnçe-o-lar, a. [Lat. lanceol(a), diminutive of lancea a lance; Eng. adj. suff. -ar.] Bot.: The same as LANCEOLATE (q. v.). ol(a), dim. of lancea a lance; Eng. adj. suff. -ate, lǎnçe-o-late, lănçe -ô-lāt-ĕd, a. [Lat. lance-ated.] 1. Bot.: Narrowly elliptical, tapering to each end, as the leaf of Plantago lanceolata, &c. Lanceolate Leaf. 2. Anthrop.: The same as LEAF-SHAPED (q. v.). *lănçe-o-lāt-ō-, pref. [LANCEOlate.] Bot., &c.: Lanceolate. lanceolato-subulate, a. Botany: Between subulate and lanceolate. (Loudon.) lǎnçe-pe-sāde', s. [Fr. lancepesade, lancepessade, lance-passade; Ital. lancia-spezzata=a light horseman.] A semi-officer under a corporal; a lance-corporal (q. v.). lanç -er, *launc-eer, *launc-er, s. [English lanc(e); -er.] 1. Mil.: A cavalry soldier armed with a lance. Lancers were introduced into European armies by Napoleon I., after the pattern of those in the Polish service. After the campaign of 1815, four regiments of English lancers were formed from the 9th, 12th, 16th, and 23d Light Dragoons. These 17th Cavalry regiments, and are classed as the are now represented by the 5th, 9th, 12th, 16th, and Medium Cavalry. They are armed with lance, poses, as they are more easily seen than the Light sword, and pistol, but it is proposed to add a car bine. They are not good for reconnoitering purHussars, and are also very unsuitable to wooded country; but they are valuable in open country against infantry in disorder. The Uhlans in the German service are armed and used as in England, and are "medium cavalry." *2. Surg.: A lancet. 3. Dancing (pl.): A certain set of quadrilles. lăn-cět, *laun-cet, *lawn-cent, lawn-set, so [Fr. lancette, dimin. of lance=a lance.] I. Ord. Lang.: In the same sense as II. 3. 1. Arch.: A lancet-window (q. v.). 2. Metal-working: The tapping-bar of a metal furnace. father; wē, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; lancet-arch 3. Surg. A small, sharp, surgical instrument, ased in bleeding, cutting of abscesses, tumors, &c. They are of various shapes and sizes, according to the purposes for which they are intended; as, vaccinating lancets, gum lancets, &c. Lancets of copper were disinterred in Pompeii in 1819, in the house of a Roman surgeon in the Via Consularis. "Which sends forth its admirable knives, razors, and lancets to the farthest ends of the world."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. iii. 2465 2. Firearms: That portion of the bore of a rifle which is not occupied by the grooves. 3. Geog. & Geol.: The general ratio of land to sea throughout the globe is as one to three, but that between the poles and the parallel of 30° is as nine to twenty-three. Nearly all the existing land was at one time or other below the surface of the ocean. The water has not receded from it, but earthquake and volcanic action has heaved it above the water. The mean height of all the land of the globe above the sea level at present is about 1,000 feet. (Lyell: Princip. & Elem. of Geol.) 4. Law: (1) United States and English Law: A generic term comprehending every species of ground or earth, as meadows, pastures, woods, marshes, waters, furze, and heath, including also mills, and Ichthy.: Another name for the Surgeon-fish. buildings. [ACANTHURUS.] lancet-window, 8. Arch. A high, narrow window terminating in a very pointed arch. It is characteristic of that division of Gothic architecture known as Early English. Lancetwindows are frequently found two, three, or even five together, as is the case in the illustration lançe-wood 8. [Eng. lance, 6., and wood.] Botany, &c.: 1. According to Schomburk, the wood of Duguetia quitarensis, an anonad grow ing in Guiana, where it is called Yari Yari. It is a light elastic wood, used especially by coachbuilders. 2. Guatteria virgata. lanch, v. t. & i. [LAUNCH, v.] lăn-gif-er-oňs, a. [Lat. lancea=a lance; fero to bear, and Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Bearing or carrying a lance. lăn -çi-form, a. [Latin Zincea=a lance, and forma form, shape.] Having the form or shape of a lance; lance-shaped; lanceolate. lǎn'-çin-åte, v. t. [Lat. lancinatus, pa. par. of lancino to tear to pieces.] To tear, to rend, to lacerate. lăn-çin-ât-ing, a. [LANCINATE.] Piercing, cutting, keen; specific., applied to a sudden, sharp, shooting pain, as in cancer. [LANCINATE.] The act of lăn-çin-a-tion, s. lacerating or rending; laceration. "Made many incisures and lancinations."-Fuller: Pis gah Sight, bk. v., ch. xii. lănd (1), *lond, 8. [A. S. land: cogn. with Icel., Sw., Dan., Ger., and Goth. land: M. H. Ger. lant; Fr. lande; Ital. & Sp. landa=a heath.] I. Ordinary Language: 1. The solid portion of the earth as distinct from the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, &c.; the solid or fixed part of the globe as distinct from the fluid or movable part; earth. "And God sayde: let ye waters that are under heaven gather themselves into one place that the dry land may appere."-Genesis i. (1551.) 2. A country, a district, a region; any part of the globe considered as belonging to a particular nation or people. "Thus and thus said the maid that is of the land of Israel."-2 Kings v. 4. 3. The superficial part of the globe as considered in respect to its nature or qualities; the ground, the soil; as, poor or good land, wet land. 4. The ground; the surface of the earth. *5. A nation, a people; the inhabitants of any particular region or country. 6. Landed property. "Land includes in its signification any ground, soil, or earth whatsoever; as arable, meadows, pastures, woods, Water being moors, waters, marshes, furzes, and heath. here mentioned as land, may seem a kind of solecism; but such is the language of the law: and therefore I cannot bring an action to recover possession of a pool or other piece of water by the name of water only: but I must bring an action for the land that lies at the bottom, and must call it twenty acres of land covered with water. For water is a movable, wandering thing, and must of necessity continue common by the law of nature; but the land, which that water covers, is permanent, fixed, and immovable; and of this the law will take notice, but not of the other. Land has also, in its legal significations, an indefinite extent, upward as well as downward. Cujus est solum, ejus est usque ad cælum, is the maxim of the law, therefore no man may erect any building, or the like, to overhang another's land; and downward, whatever is in a direct line between the surface of any land and the center of the earth, belongs to the owner of the surface."-Blackstone: Comment., bk. ii., ch. 2. (2) Scots Law: A house consisting of different stories; espec., a building including different tene ments. 5. Milling: That part of the face of a mill-stone which is not furrowed; that which intervenes between the furrows. 6. Naut.: The lap of the strakes in a clincher-built boat; also called landing. 7. Steam-engin. The unperforated portion of the face-plate of a slide-valve. (1) To muke land, to make the land: Naut.: To come in sight of land as the ship approaches it from the sea. (2) To lay the land: Naut.: To sail from the land until it begins to appear lower and smaller by reason of the convexity of the surface of the globe. (3) To raise the land: Naut.: To sail toward the land. so that it appears to rise and become greater and more elevated. (4) To set the land: Naut.: To see by the compass how the land bears from the ship. (5) To shut in the land: To lose sight of the land by the intervention of a point or promontory. (6) Land of the leal: The land of the faithful or blessed; heaven. "We'll meet and aye be fain, In the land o' the leal." Lady Nairne: Land o' the Leal. Land signifies an open, even space, and strictly refers to the earth. Country signifies lands adjoining so as to form one portion. The term land, therefore, properly excludes the idea of habitation; the term country excludes that of the earth, or the parts of which it is composed: hence we speak of the land, as rich or poor, according to what it yields; of a country, as rich or poor, according to what its inhabitants possess. The word land may sometimes be put for any portion of land that is under a government; as, the land of liberty; the country may bo put for the soil; as, a rich country. (Crabb: Eng. Synon.) land-agent, s. A person employed by the owner of an estate to manage the transfer of property by purchase, the letting or hiring of farms, the collection of rents, and all other matters connected with an estate. land-beetles, s. pl. Entom.: The predatory beetles called Geodephaga (q. v.). land-blink, s. A peculiar atmospheric brightness, more yellow than ice-blink (q. v.), perceived in the arctic regions. land box-tortoises, s. pl. Zool. The name given by Prof. Martin Duncan "A tax upon land seems hard to the landholder."- to Pyxis and Kinixys, genera of Testudines. land-breeze, s. A breeze or current of air setLocke: Lowering of Interest. ting off from the land toward the sea. land-bugs, s. pl. Entom.: The tribe Geocores (q. v.). land-carnivora, s. pl. Zool. The sub-order Fissipedia (Split feet), constituting one of the great divisions of the mammalian order Carnivora. They have been divided into go, gem; thin, this; zhăn. -tious, -cious, çhin, bench; -tion, -gion = Zool. The family Gecarcinidae (q. v.). tland-end, s. (See extract.) "One man had over and above his statutable wages certain food and drink and a land-end of grasse besides.' We are surprised that Mr. Atkinson does not explain what a land-end means. Its interpretation will not come by the light of nature to any one who has not dwelt where land ends exist, and we feel pretty confident that the word is not to be found in the popular dictionaries. We ourselves are not quite certain of its meaning here. There were two significations which it bore in parishes where there had been no enclosure. Sometimes it meant a small portion of land or narrow strip of ground severed from the rest by a road or pathway; at others that part of an open field where, in plowing, the horses or oxen turn, which is, consequently, plowed last, and in a direction transverse to the rest of the field. We are of opinion that the word here is to be understood in this latter sense.". Athenæum. *land-feather, s. A bay, an inlet. *land-fish, s. One who is as out of his element as a fish out of water. land-force, s. Military forces employed on land; soldiers or troops serving on land, as distinguished from naval force. land-fowl, s. Birds which frequent the land, as distinguished from water-fowl (q. v.). *land-gabel, subst. A tax or land, calculated according to Doomsday-book. [DOOMSDAY-BOOK, GABEL.] land-grant, s. A grant made by Congress to assist railroad companies to secure funds, by the sale of bonds secured by lands so granted, to construct lines of railway through parts of the United States where the local traffic would not pay the running expenses. About 215,000,000 acres of land were given to the various railroads of this country by the Government. The Illinois Central received a strip of land 12 miles wide, running the whole length of Illinois; the Northern Pacific received 47,000,000 acres; the Atlantic and Pacific, 42,000.000; the Union Pacific, 13,000,000, and other roads in proportion. land-guard, s. A river fence or bulwark. *land-herd, s. A herd, which feeds on land. land-hunger, s. The lust of conquest; greed for the acquisition of land. [EARTH-HUNGER.] land-ice, s. 1. Ico operating as yet on land in the form of a moving glacier, as distinguished from that in the form of icebergs, &c., in the sea. 2. A field or floe of ice stretching along the land lying between two headlands. land-league, s. [LEAGUE.] land-leaguer, 8. [LEAGUER.] *land-lurch, v. t. To steal land from. (Warner: Albions England, bk. ix., ch. xliv.) land-marker, s. A machine for laying out rows for planting. land-measurer, s. 1. Ord. Lang.: One whose profession it is to measure land, in order to ascertain the superficial contents, as of a field, a farm, &c.; a land-surveyor. 2. Entom. (pl.): The Geometer moths. Land-measurer moths: Entom.: [LAND-MEASURER, 2.] land-measuring, s. The art or science of ascertaining by measurement the superficial contents of portions of land, as of a field, a farm, &c., and expressing it in acres, roods, perches, &c.; landsurveying. land-office, s. An office in which the sale of new land is registered and all other business connected with unsettled land is transacted. land-office business, s. A term used to express a very successful venture, or one where the money is all taken in and none paid out, or no goods delivered, as in a land office. *land-pilot, s. A guide in traveling by land. land-pirate, s. A highway robber. sin, aş; -sious = |