jump-coupling

(2) A promotion, a rise.

"He would usually say, that he did much admire, men should quarrel and kill themselves for the honor of a Jump or precedency, or some such like toy; but never so much as mind the striving for to attain unto the highest pitch of vertue."-North: Plutarch, p. 8.

(3) (Pl.): The same as FIDGETS (q. v.). (Eng.) II. Technically:

1. Building: An abrupt rise in a level course of brickwork or masonry to accommodate the work to the inequality of the ground.

2. Mining: A fault.

Zool.: Meriones hudsonicus, a mammal of this

*¶ From the jump: From the start or beginning. country, belonging to the Dipodidae.

Vehicle: A kind of open buggy which has a shifting seat or seats. For instance, it may be arranged as a double or single seat vehicle. In the former case, the main seat is moved over backwardly, and the extra seat brought up in front. As a single-seat vehicle, the main seat is thrown into a central position, the extra seat being placed below the other. jump-weld, s. A butt-weld.

jŭmp (2), s. [Fr.jupe.] [JUPON.]

1. A kind of jacket or loose coat reaching to the

jumping-rat, s.

Zool.: A name for the Jerboa (q. v.).

jumping-shrews, s. pl.

jungle-bendy

1. The act of joining, uniting, or combining; the state of being joined, united, or combined; a union; a combination.

"He [Addison in Cato] hath both broken the unity of the subject, and formed a very unseasonable junction of gallantry."-Blair: Lectures, vol. iii., lect. 45.

the point where two or more lines of railway meet. 2. The point or place of union; a joint; specif., junction-plate, s.

Boiler-making: A welt or break-joint plate riveted over the edges of boiler-plates, which make a buttjoint.

junction-rails, s. pl.

And do not imitate

So jumpingly, so precyselie
And step for step so strayte."

Drant: Horace; Art of Poetrye. jump-wěld, v. t. [Eng. jump, and weld.] (See JUMP, v. t., B. II. 1 (1).)

jun-ca-çe-æ, jun-çe-æ, s. pl [Lat. junc(us)= a rush; fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.]

thighs, buttoned down in front or slit up half way forming an inferior six-parted glumaceous or car

behind, with sleeves to the wrist.

"The weeping cassock scared into a jump, A sign the presbyter's worn to the stump."

Cleveland.

2. (Pl.): A bodice used instead of stays. "Don't mind my shape this bout, for I'm only in jumps."-Foote: Taste, i.

*jump, *jumpe, adv. [JUMP, v.] Exactly, just, pat, nicely.

*jump er, v. i.

Bot. An order of Endogens, the typical one of the alliance Juncales. It consists of herbaceous plants, with fibrous or fascicled roots, leaves fistular or flat, and channeled with parallel veins, infloresconce more or less capitate, calyx and corolla tilaginous perianth. Stamens six, rarely three; fruit capsular, three-valved, many-seeded. Found in the temperate and arctic regions. Genera four or five, known species about 130. jun-ca-ceous (ce as shy), a. [Mod. Lat. juncaceus.] [JUNCACEE.]

Bot.: Of, belonging to, or resembling the plants of the order Juncaces (q. v.); resembling rushes. "Myself the while to draw the Moor apart, jun-ca-gin-ā-çe-æ, s. [Mod. Latin juncago, And bring him jump, when he may Cassio find Soliciting his wife." Shakesp.: Othello, ii. 3. genit. juncagin(is); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.] [JUMP, v.] To agree, to accord, ance Alismales. It consists of herbaceous aquatic Bot. Arrow-grasses; an order of Endogens, allior marsh plants, having leaves with parallel veins; [Eng. jump, v. ; -er.] flowers white or green, inconspicuous, in spikes or racemes; sepals and petals small; stamens six; carpels three, four, or six; fruit dry, one or twoseeded. Found in most continents. Genera seven, species forty-four.

to coincide.

jump -ĕr (1), s.

1. Ordinary Language:

1. One who or that which jumps or leaps; a leaper. 2. One who illegally appropriates a claim. [JUMP, v., T.]

(1) A spring used in repeating-clocks to assist the motion of the star-wheel.

(2) A species of click in the repeating-watch, preventing the motion of a wheel in either direction. 3. Husb.: A plow having an upturned cutter in front of its share, and which, going below the share, prevents its being caught on roots, &c.

4. Planing: A plow-bit or machine-jointer, having an intermediate bearing upon the board. 5. Quarrying:

(1) A quarryman's boring-tool; a rod of steel, or iron pointed with steel, which breaks the rock by being alternately jumped up and down to form a hole for blasting or for an artesian well.

(2) A steel-faced chisel held by one man while another strikes it with a hammer, used in drilling holes in rock for blasting or splitting.

6. Vehicles: A cheaply formed sled, in which supple pieces of wood form the shafts and runners, and support a box or trestle in or on which one may ride.

"He was seen drawing one of those jumpers that they carry their grain to mill in."-J. F. Cooper: Pioneers.

jun-ca-gin-ĕ-æ, s. pl. [Modern Latin juncago, genit. juncagin (is); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ec.]

Bot.: A tribe of Alismaces. Leaves linear or filiform; petals small, green; stamens six; ovules one to three, anatropous; embryo straight.

júǹ-cā -gō, s. [Mod. Lat., from juncus a rush. The name was first given by Tournefort.] Bot.: A synonym of Triglochin, but it gave the name to the order Juncaginaceæ (q. v.). júǹ'-cal, a. & 8. [JUNCALES.]

1. The act of joining or uniting; a junction; union.

"Signes workings, planets junctures, and the eleuated poule." Warner: Albion's England, v.

2. The line at which two things are joined. "There may be ingredients of a more subtile nature, which, being extremely little, may escape unheeded at the junctures of the distillatory vessels."-Boyle.

3. A joint; an articulation.

"Neither are the figures or junctures, or order of their bones, fitted to such a posture."-Hale.

II. Fig.: A critical moment or point of time; a crisis.

"It happened that just at that juncture was published a ridiculous book against him."-Pope: Dunciad. [Advert.] Named from its use as cordage.] jŭǹ'-cùs, s. (Lat.=a rush, from jungo-to yoke.

(q. v.). Perianth of six leaves, glumaceous; staBot.: The typical genus of the order Juncaces celled; ovules many, placentas generally in the axis. mens six, rarely three ovary three, rarely oneAbout a hundred species are known. Juncus communis, with its two varieties, effusus and conglom eratus, is common; as also J. articulatus or acutiflorus. J. lamprocarpus is a sub-species of J. articulatus, &c. In Japan, J. effusus is made into mats; in Europe, J. glaucus was formerly used as a rush-wick for candles and small oil-lamps. jun'-diě, v. t. [Etym. doubtful.] To jostle; to jog with the elbow.

Jûne, *juyn, s. [Lat. Junius; Fr. juin.] The sixth month of the year, when the sun enters the sign of Cancer.

June-berry, s. The service-berry (q. v.). Jûne -bug, s. A beetle of any of the species of Lachnosterna; so called because it begins to fly in

B. As substantive:

Bot. (pl.): The order Juncales (q. v.). jun-că ́-lēş, s. pl. [Masc. & fem. pl. of Mod. Lat. juncalis, from Lat. juncus = a rush.]

Bot.: Juncals; an alliance of Endogens. Flowers herbaceous, dry, and permanent; if scarious then colored; albumen generally copious. It contains two orders, Juncaceae and Orontiaces (q. v.). jun-cate, s. [JUNKET.]

jun-çite, s. [Latin juncus = a rush; suff. -ite (Paleont.).]

Palæobot.: A fossil leaf, somewhat resembling that of a juncus (q. v.), but the real affinity of which is doubtful.

Juncker; suff. -ite (Min.) (q. v.).],
junc-ker-ite, s. [Named after the finder, M.

Min.: A mineral found at Poullaouen, Brittany, in small yellow crystals, and supposed to be a new species, but since found to be only siderite (q. v.). jun-co, s. The name given to the genus of birds containing the North American finches; sometimes called snowbirds.

jun'-cous, a. [Lat. juncosus, from juncus-a rush.] Full of or abounding with rushes; resembling rushes; juncaceous.

junction, s. [Lat. junctio = a joining, from junctus, pa. par. of jungo-to join; Fr. jonction.] chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this;

Bot. According to Lindley the Jungermanniace are an order of Muscales (Mosses); in the opinion of Berkeley the Jungermanniacei are one of three orders of Hepaticæ (q. v.). It consists of creeping moss-like plants, having a distinct stem, mostly having leaves which are incubous (q. v.) and succubous (q. v.). The leaves are mostly two, ranked often with stipules. The first consists of solitary capsules, generally splitting into a definite number of valves, and fitted with elaters and spores. It is divided into two sub-orders, Jungermanneæ, in which the spore-cases are one or four-valved, without a columella, and Anthocerotes, in which the spore-cases are pod-shaped, split on one side, or two-leaved, with a columella. Found all over the

world.

1. Younger than another; not so old as another.

junk (3), 8. [Port. junco, from Lat. juncus rush]

Nautical:

a

1. Pieces of old cable and rope cut into lengths

jur

jan-to, s. [Sp. junta a meeting, from Latin junctus joined, pa. par. of jungo to join.] A secret council or assembly to deliberate upon affairs of government; a combination of men for secret deliberation and intrigue; a cabal, a faction.

"The statesmen of the Junto would do nothing for him." -Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xxiii.

jû-pa-tî', s. [Brazilian.]

jupati-palm, s.

Bot.: Raphia lædigera, a fine Brazilian palm. The leaf-stalks, which are twelve to fifteen feet long, are used for building houses and making baskets.

jupe, s. [Fr.] A jupon (q. v.).

Ju-pi-ter, s. [Lat. for Jovis pater.]

1. Rom. Mythol. & Archaeol.: The supreme Roman deity, identified with the Greek Zeus. He was the son of Saturn and Rhea. Jupiter was the king and father of men, but his power

nior counsel.

Junior is used as an appendage to the name of the younger of two persons bearing the same name in one family, the older using the appendage senior. B. As substantive:

1. One who is younger than another.

"The fools, my juniors by a year."

On the Death of Swift. 2. One who is of lower standing in his profession than another, especially at the bar.

"That gentleman behind him is Mr. Skimpin, his junior."-Dickens: Pickwick, ch. xxxiv.

Junior-right, s. The same as BOROUGH-ENGLISH (q. v.).

"The distribution of the junior-right in England requires a more particular notice."-Elton: Origins of Engfish History, p. 188.

jû-ni-or-l-ty, s. [Eng. junior; -ity.]

1. The quality or state of being junior. 2. The same as BOROUGH-ENGLISH (q. v.). "One must coin a new phrase like juniority, or juniorright."-Elton: Origins of English Hist., p. 185. ja-ni-or-ship, s. [Eng. junior; -ship.] The same as JUNIORITY (q. v.).

ja-nip-er, s. & a. [JUNIPERUS.]

A. As substantive:
Botany:

1. Juniperus communis, and other species of the

genus.

2. The Nova Scotian name of the American larch, Abies pendula.

"He saw the prophet also how he fled
Into the desert, and how there he slept
Under a juniper." Milton: P. R., ii. 272

*B. As adj.: Bitter, sharp.

"She will read me a juniper letter (hand suave enco mium) for coming home in such a pickle."-Bailey: Erasmus, p. 39.

Juniper-oil, oil of juniper, 8.

Phar.: An oil distilled from the unripe fruit of the juniper. It is a powerful stimulant and diuretic. juniper-resin, s. [SANDARAC.] jû-nip-or-us, s. [Lat. = the juniper.]

Bot.: Juniper; a genus of Conifera (Pinaceae), sub-order Cupresseæ. Generally dioecious, sometimes monoecious. Male catkins globose, anther one, three to six-celled; female cone a galbulus, small, globose, of four to six decussate or whorled scales, which, becoming enlarged and fleshy, resemble a berry; ovules erect; seeds one to three; leaves opposite or whorled in threes, subulate or scale-like; trees or bushes with a red heart-wood, Twenty-seven are known. Juniperus communis is the Common Juniper. There are two varieties of J. communis-J. communis proper, leaves spreading, straight, subulate, and J. nana, leaves shorter, broader, imbricate, incurved. The juniper is a powerful diuretic. Its berries are used for flavoring Geneva and gin; its wood in veneering. The fetid oil of J. oxyced us is used in veterinary practice. From its wood it is believed the Greeks carved their images. J. sabina, the Savin, is diuretic. J. bermudiana is the Pencil-cedar, J.virginiana, the Redcedar, and J. excelsa, the Himalayan Pencil-cedar. The resinous twigs of J. recurva are much used in India for incense.

wet.

júnk'-er (j as y), 8. [German.] A young German noble; a member of the aristocratic party in Prussia.

jun-kět, jon-ket, *jun-cade, *jun-cate, s. [Ital. giuncata a kind of fresh cheese and cream, So called because it is brought to market upon rushes; also a junket (Florio), from giunco a rush; Lat. juncus; O. Fr. joncade.]

1. A kind of sweetmeat; curds mixed with cream, sweetened and flavored; any kind of delicate food. "How fairy Mab the junkets ate."

B. Trans.: To entertain at a feast; to feast. jun -ket-ing, s. [Eng. junket; -ing.] A feast, an entertainment, a junket.

"The apostle would have no reveling, or junketing upon the altar."-South: Sermons, vol. i., ser. 7. Ju-no, s. [Lat.]

1. Astron.: [ASTEROID, 3.]

2. Rom. Mythol. & Archaeol.: A celebrated deity of the Romans, identified with the Hera of the Greeks, and generally regarded as the daughter of Saturn and Rhea, and sister and wife of Jupiter. The principal seats of her worship were Argos, Samos, Carthage, and afterward Rome. The hawk, goose, and particularly the peacock, often called Junonia avis, were sacred to her. She presided over marriage and childbirth, and as the goddess of all power and empire, and the patroness of riches, is represented sitting on a throne with a diadem on her head and a golden scepter in her right hand. The Roman consuls, when they entered on office, were always obliged to offer her a solemn sacrifice. The public finances were also under her care, and the mint at Rome was in her temple. Juno's-tears, s. pl. Bot.: Verbena officinalis.

jan-ta, s. [Sp.] A council; specif., the Spanish Grand Council of State.

extended over the deities also; and everything was subservient to his will except the Fates. From him mankind received their blessings and miseries; they looked on him as acquainted with everything past, present, and future. The oak was sacred to him, because he first taught His most famous temple was at Elis, in Olympia, where, every fourth year, the Olympic games were celebrated in his honor; and his most favorite oracle was at Dodona, in Epirus. The Romans considered Jupiter as the especial patron of their city. He is generally represented as sitting on a golden or ivory throne, holding in one hand thunderbolts ready to be hurled, and in the other a scepter of cypress, while the eagle stands with expanded wings at his feet. White, the color of the day, was sacred to him.

The Olympian Zeus. (After Phidias.)

2. Astron.: The largest planet of the solar system. Its diameter is about 85,000 miles, its bulk nearly 1,250 times that of the earth; but, its density being one-fourth that of the earth, it weighs only about three hundred times as much as our planet. The average distance of Jupiter from the sun is 478,000,000 miles; and a railway train, traveling fifty miles an hour, would require nine centuries to go from the sun to Jupiter. The latter body revolves on its axis in about nine hours and fifty-five minutes, which is the length of its day and night. Though traveling in its orbit round the sun at the rate of 28,743 miles an hour, its takes nearly twelve years to complete its revolution; this, therefore, is the length of its year. It is surrounded by four conspicuous belts of a brownish-gray color, two north, two south of the equator, with feebler ones toward the poles. The equatorial region of the planet is brighter than the rest. Jupiter has four satellites, numbered first, second, third, and fourth. If named, they are called Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. The first revolves around him in terrestrial day 18 hours and 28 minutes, the second in 3 days 13 hours 14 minutes, the third in 7 days 3 hours 43 minutes, the fourth in 16 days 16 hours and 32 minutes. They were first seen by Galileo, with his small telescope, on January 7, 1610, and identified on the 13th as small planets rovolving round the luminary. They are now called satel lites.

"It may not be amiss to state here that the motions of Jupiter's satellites are much disturbed by the ellipticity of Jupiter's body."-Prof. Airy: Pop. Astron. (6th ed.), p. 255 *3. Old Chem.: The ancient name for tin. Jupiter's-beard, s.

Botany: (1) Anthyllis barba joris. (2) Semper vivum tectorum

Jupiter's-flower, s.

Bot.: (1) The genus Dianthus, including the Carnations or Pinks.

jû-poй', *jup-pon, s. [Fr. jupon, from jupe A sleeveless overcoat, com (q. v.); Sp. jupon. posed of several thicknesses of material sewed through, and faced with silk or velvet, upon which were embroidered the wearer's arms. It fitted closely to the body, and, descending below the hips, terminated in an enriched border of various patterns; with it was worn the military belt, upon which much ornament was lavished.

*jur, *jurre, v. i. [A variant of jar (q. v.).] To clash; to strike harshly against anything. *jur, *jurre, s. [JUR, v.] A clash, a crash, a hard-sounding collision.

pine, pit, sire, sir,
∞ = 8;

ΟΙ,

marîne; go, pot, ey = å. qu = kw.

Geol.: A limestone of oolitic age constituting the chief part of the Jura Mountains.

*ju-ral, a. [Lat. jur (genit, juris); Eng. adj. suff. -al.] Pertaining to natural or positive right. *jû-ra-měn -tal-ly, adv. [Lat. juramentum an oath; Eng. adv. suff. -ly.] With an oath. *Jû'-rănt, a. & s. [Lat. jurans, pr. par. of juro= to swear.]

A. As adj.: Swearing.

B. As subst.: One who takes an oath. Jû-rǎs-sic, a. [Fr. Jurassique, named from the Jura Mountains.]

Geol.: Of or belonging to the formations well developed in the Jura Mountains.

Jurassic-period, s.

Geol.: The period of time during which the Jurassic rocks were deposited. [JURASSIC-SYSTEM.] Jurassic-system, Jurassic-formation, s. Geol.: The name given on the Continent to a system or a formation corresponding to the Oolitic and Liassic systems elsewhere.

jû -răt (1), *jû ́-răte (1), 8. [Prov. Fr., from Lat. juratus, pa. par. of juro-to swear; Fr. juré: Sp. & Port, jurado, Ital. giurato.] A person under oath; specif., a magistrate in some corporations; an alderman.

jû-răt (2), s. [Lat., third pers. sing., indic. of juro to swear.]

Law: A memorandum of the place where, the time when, and the person before whom an affidavit is sworn. (Wharton.)

*jû ́-rǎte (2), 8. [Lat. juratus, pa. par. of juro= to swear.] A person sworn to give evidence, to administer justice, &c.

ja-ra-tion, s. [Lat. juratio, from juratus, pa. par. of juro= to swear.]

Law: The act of swearing; the administration of an oath.

*jû -rā-tõr, s. [Lat., from juratus, pa. par. of juro to swear.] Law: A juror.

jû'-ra-tor-, a. [Lat. juratorius, from juratus, pa. par. of juro-to swear; Fr. juratoire; Sp. jura torio; Ital. giuratorio.] Pertaining to or containing an oath.

juratory-caution, s.

Scots Law: A kind of caution sometimes offered in a suspension or advocation, where the complainer is not in circumstances to offer any better. It consists of an inventory of his effects, given up upon oath, and assigned in security of the sums which may be found due in the suspension.

jû -rē di-vi'-nō, phr. [Lat.] By divine right. Ju-ri-bǎl'-li, s. [A Demerara word.] (See the compound.)

Juriballi-bark, s.

Pharm.: A bark said to be superior to cinchona bark in typhoid and malignant fevers. It is a cordial and purgative, and, when taken warm, a diaphoretic. It is probably from Moschoxylum Schwartzii, one of the Meliads.

ja-rid -ic, a. [Lat. juridicus, from jus (genit. juris) law; dico-to say, to declare; Fr. juridique.] The same as JURIDICAL (q. v.).

jû-rid-i-cal, a. [Eng. juridic; -al.]

1. Acting in the administration or distribution of justice; pertaining to a judge or the administration of justice.

2. Employed in courts of justice; according to law.

Juridical days, s. pl.

Law: Days on which the courts can lawfully sit. ja-rid-i-cal-1y, adv. [English juridical; ly.] In a judicial manner; in accordance with the forms of justice.

Ju-rin ́-ě-ą, s. [Named after Jurine, a Genevan professor.]

Bot.: A genus of Composites, tribe Serratulos. The bruised root of Jurinea macrocephala is applied in India to eruptions, and a decoction is given in colic. It is also considered a cordial, and given in puerperal fever. (Dr. Stewart.)

ja-rin-ite, 8. [A name attributed to Soret. Etym. doubtful.]

Min.: The same as BROOKITE (q. v.). boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat, çell,

152

2417

*ja -ris-con-sult, s. [Lat. jurisconsultus, from jus (genit. juris)=law, and consultus, pa. par. of consulo to consult.] One who is learned in the law; a jurist; one learned in jurisprudence. civil law; one who gives his opinion in cases of tionem, accus. of jurisdictio, from jus (genit. juris), ja-ris-dic-tion, s. [Fr., from Latin jurisdicand dictio a saying, proclaiming; Sp. jurisdiccion; Ital. giurisdizione.]

I. Ordinary Language and Law:

1. The legal power, right, or authority of administering justice; the legal power which a court of equity has of deciding cases brought and tried before it; the legal right by which judges exercise their authority; judicial authority over a cause. 2. The power or right of governing or legislating; the power or right of exercising authority, or of making and enforcing laws.

3. The extent to which such authority extends; the district within which such power may be exercised.

II. Roman Theol.: Ecclesiastical jurisdiction is defined as the " power which is concerned with the worship of God and the salvation of souls, and is exercised in foro externo as well as in foro interno.' By commission from the Supreme Pontiff, whose powers, theologians teach, are derived from Christ through Peter, are constituted legates, patriarchs, primates, and prelates; by law or canon, rectors of universities, superiors of convents, provosts, and vicars-general receive their jurisdiction; and a jurisdiction exercised without challenge for forty years is valid by prescription. To absolve a peni tain this from their bishops; but confessors belongtent, jurisdiction is necessary. Secular priests obing to the regular orders have jurisdiction from the Pope over all the faithful when they have obtained the approbation of the bishop. A penitent in articulo mortis may be validly absolved, even in reserved cases (q. v.). by a simple priest, even if degraded, apostate, or irregular. In ordinary cases, absolution given by a priest without jurisdiction is void. (Addis & Arnold.)

(1) Appellate jurisdiction: Jurisdiction in cases of appeal from inferior courts. (2) Original jurisdiction: The legal right of hearing and determining a case in the first instance. ja-ris-dic-tion-al, a. [Eng. jurisdiction; -al.] Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as, jurisdictional right.

ja-ris-dic-tive, a. [Lat. jus (genit. juris)=law; dictio a saying, proclaiming, and Eng. suff. -ive.] Having jurisdiction.

jû-ris-prû -dençe, s. [Fr., from Lat. jurisprudentia, from jus (genit. juris)= law, and prudentia= skill; Sp. jurisprudencia; Ital. giuri prudenza.] The science of law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a community, necessary for the due administration of justice.

(1) General jurisprudence: The science or philosophy of positive law. (2) Particular jurisprudence: The knowledge of the law of any particular nation.

(3) Medical jurisprudence: [FORENSIC-MEDICINE, MEDICAL-JURISPRUDENCE.] *jû-ris-prû-dent, a. & s. [Fr., from Lat. jurisprudens, from jus (genit. juris)=law, and prudens =skilled; Sp. jurisprudente; Ital. giurisprudente.] A. As adj.: Learned in the law; skilled in jurisprudence.

B. As subst.: One learned in the law; a jurisconsult. jû-ris-prû-děn -tial (ti as sh), a. [Eng. juris prudent; -ial.] Of or pertaining to jurisprudence. a lawyer, from jus (gen. juris)=law.] One learned ja-rist, s. [Fr. juriste, from Low Lat. jurista= in the law, especially in the civil law; one who professes the science of law; one who writes upon law. "To that symbol of kingly authority our jurists have always ascribed a peculiar and almost mysterious impor

tanco."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. ix.

*jû-ris-tic, *ju-ris -tic-al, a. [Eng. jurist; -ic, -ical.] Of or pertaining to a jurist or jurispru dence.

jû -rõr, s. [Fr. jureur, from Lat. juratorem, accus. of jurator one who swears, from juratus, pa. par. of juro=to swear.]

1. One who serves upon a jury in a court of law; one who is sworn to deliver a true verdict in any case according to the evidence brought before him. [JURY.]

"The twelve men were at first both jurors and judges." -Temple: Introl, to Hist. England.

2. One of a number of men selected to award prizes, &c., at a public show or exhibition. *3. One who takes an oath; one who binds himself by an oath.

"I am a juror in the holy league." Marlowe: Massacre at Paris, ii. 6. chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this;

jussiæa

järte, járt (j as y), yourt, s. [YURT.]

ja-ry, ju-rie, s. [Fr. jurée, prop. the fem. of juré, pa. par. of jurer to swear; Lat. juro.]

1. A number of men selected according to law, impaneled, and sworn to inquire into and to decording to the evidence legally laid before them. cide upon facts, and to give their true verdict acIn Courts of Justice there are three kinds of juries, grand juries, special juries, and petit or common juries. [For grand jury, see under GRAND.] Petit or common juries and special juries consist of twelve men each, and the verdicts given must be unanimous. They are appointed both in civil and criminal cases. A special jury is resorted to in cases of too great importance to be decided by a petit jury. After the evidence in a cause has been given, and summed up by the judge, the jury retire to consider their verdict, and in order to avoid delay and abuses are kept without drink, fire, or light, unless by permission of the judge. In Scotland the number of the jury in criminal cases is fifteen, and the verdict is determined by the voice of the majority.

2. Hist. It has been much disputed whether the germ of the modern jury system was of Anglo-Saxon or Norman origin. Those who hold the former view attribute it to King Alfred, of England, about A. D. 886. It does not seem to have been closely connected with the appointment of twelve compurgators for canonical purgations. The establishment of proper jury trials seems to have been under Henry II., late in the twelfth century. It was well rooted in the time of King John, and is insisted on in Magna Charta, as the great bulwark of liberty. aliens were to consist half of foreigners. Various In 1353, under Edward III., juries impaneled to try laws have since been passed on the subject of juries, but the changes made have not been of essential importance.

"It is true, the terms of jury and verdict were introduced by the Normans, with many others in the style and practice of our laws; but the trials by twelve men, with that essential circumstance of their unanimous agreement, was not only used among the Saxons and Normans, but is known to be as ancient in Sweden."-Temple: Introd. to Hist. England.

3. A body of men selected to award prizes at public shows, exhibitions, &c.

To hang a jury: To cause a disagreement of opinion and prevent the return of a verdict.

"At least two of those men,' he said, pointing to the jurors who still sat in the jury-box, 'committed perjury when they said that they could try Dan Coughlin without prejudice. I can't tell you who those men are, but they were well trained to answer properly any questions put to them, and they are there to hang the jury instead of Dan Coughlin.'"-Chicago Record, Nov. 28, 1893.

jury-box, s. The inclosed place in which the jury sits in a court of justice.

jury-list, s.

Law: A list of persons liable to be summoned to attend as jurymen.

Jury-process, s. The writ for the summoning of a jury.

ja-ry, a. [Etym. doubtful. Skeat thinks it is connected with Dan. kiore a driving, kiöre=to drive; Norw. kyöre a drive, a journey; Sw. köra; Icel. keyra to drive.]

Naut. A term applied to any structure of a vessel, made to serve temporarily in place of something lost.

jury-mast, 8.

Naut.: A temporary mast erected in place of one that has been carried away, or for navigating a vessel to a place where the permanent equipment of masting and rigging is furnished. The temporary rig is termed jury-rig. jury-rigged, a. Furnished with rigging of a temporary kind, to replace that carried away by a storm.

jury-rudder, s. A temporary rudder employed when the original rudder has been lost or damaged. ju-ry-man, s. [Eng. jury. s., and man.] One who serves upon a jury; a juror.

"And wretches hang that jurymen may dine." Pope: Rape of the Lock, iii. 22. jus, s. [Lat.] Law, rights. jus gentium, phr. The law or rights of nations; international law.

jus-si, s. [A Manilla word.]

Fabric: A delicate fiber from an unknown plant, used in making dresses.

jus-si-æ-a, s. [Named after Antoine de Jussieu, demonstrator of plants in the Royal Gardens at Paris.]

Bot. The typical genus of the tribe Jussines (q. v.). Jussica caparossa and J. scabra have been used in Brazil for dyeing black, and J. pilosa in the same country to produce a yellow. The leaves of J. peruviana form an emollient poultice.

aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.