B. Transitive:

jangle

1. To cause to sound harshly or discordantly. 2. To utter in a discordant or harsh manner. There is in jangling more of cross questions and perverse replies than direct differences of opinion; those jangle who are out of humor with each other; there is more of discordant feeling and opposition of opinion in jarring; those who have no good will to each other will be sure to jar when they come in collision; and those who indulge themselves in jarring will soon convert affection into ill will. Married people may destroy the good humor of the company by jangling, but they destroy their domestic peace and felicity by jarring. To wrangle is technically what to jangle is morally; those who dispute by a verbal opposition only are said to wrangle; and the disputers who engage in this scholastic exercise are termed wranglers.

jǎngle, s. [JANGLE, v.] Wrangling, quarreling, prate, chatter; a discordant sound.

A

jăn gler, *jan-glour, s. [Eng. jangl(e); -er.] A wrangling, chattering, prating fellow; a wrangler. jăn-gler-ĕsse, s. [Eng. jangler; esse.] female jangler; a noisy, wrangling woman. *jănglěrỹ, Jan-gler-ie, *jan-glar-ie, s. [Eng. jangle; ry.] Wrangling, chatter, bickering. jǎngling, 8. [Eng. jangl(e); -ing.] Wrangling, bickering, quarrelsomeness.

jăn ́-I-phạ, s. [Brazilian janipaba, the name of the plant.]

Bot. A genus of Euphorbiacea, tribe Crotoneæ. Janipha manihot is the Manioc (q. v.), formerly Jatropha manihot, now generally called Manihot utilissima. [MANIHOT.]

jăn -İş-sar-y, s. [JANIZARY.] jăn -I-tõr, 8. [Lat., from janua a door.] A doorkeeper; a porter; one who has the care of a building, suites of offices or rooms.

jăn-i-tress, s. A female janitor.

*jăn -I-trix, s. [Formed from Lat. janitor, with fem. suff. ix.] A female doorkeeper; a portress. jăn-i-zăr', s. [JANIZARY.]

jăn-i-zär-i-an, a. [Eng. janizary; -an.] Of or pertaining to the janizaries or their government. jăn --zar-ý, jăn-g-sar-ỹ,s. [0. Fr.anissaire, from Turk. yeni=new; askari=a soldier.] A soldier of the old Turkish footguard; originally young prisoners trained to arms.

The Janizaries were a body of Turkish troops, formed originally, about 1330, of the children of Christians who had been conquered and were reared as Mohammedans. Latterly they acted as the Imperial body-guard of the Sultan at Constantinople, but on the ground of being turbulent and dangerous to the state, in consequence of their rising against the Sultan, the force was dissolved June 17, 1826, when 15,000 were executed, and more than 20,000 banished.

jăn -kêr, s. [Etym. doubtful.] A long pole on two wheels, used in transporting logs. (Scotch.) jăn -nock, s. [Probably derived from bannock (q.v.).] Oat-bread.

jăn -nock, a. & s. [Cf. Gael. ionannach=fair.] A. As adj.: Fair, just, straightforward.

B. As subst.: Fairness, fairplay.

Jăn -sen-işm, s. [For etym. see def.]
Church History:

1. The tenet of a sect or party in the Roman Church, dealing mainly with the Calvinistic doctrines of free-will and grace, named after Cornelius Jansenius, Bishop of Ypres, in the Netherlands, who died A. D. 1640.

2. An opinion or utterance characteristic of Jansenist teaching.

Jăn -sen-Ist, s. & a. [For etym. see def.] A. As subst.: A follower of Cornelius Jansenius. [JANSENISM.]

B. As adj.: Pertaining to or characteristic of Jansenism (q. v.).

jǎn-tû, s. [Hind.] A water-raising machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for irrigation. It is a trough, counterweighted by an extended arm and balanced across a bar. As the trough end descends it dips water, and as it rises the water runs toward the axis of vibration, and escapes at a lateral orifice into a trough, which conducts it to the field.

Jǎn'-u-ar-ỷ, s. [Lat. Januarius, from the god Janus (q. v.).] The name given to the first month of the year.

Jan-us, s. [Lat., from janua=a door.]

Roman Mythol.: One of the most celebrated divinities of ancient Rome, and the only one having no equivalent in the Grecian mythology. He was represented as a son of Apollo, and as having built

boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat,

2395

a small town on the Tiber, which he called Janiculum. As the name implies, Janus was the god of doors and gates, and in token of his office carried a key in his hand. The first month of the English year receives its name from him, and he presided over the dawn of every day and the commencement of every undertaking. Janus was usually represented with two heads, looking in opposite directions. His temple at Rome was kept open in the time of war, and shut in time of peace.

Janus-cloth, subst. A fabric having each side dressed, and different colors on the respective sides. (Used for reversible garments.) Janus-face, s. A double-face; a deceitful face. "The Janus-face of courtly pride." Thomson: Liberty, iv. 610. Janus-faced, a. Double-faced; double-dealing; two-faced.

Janus-headed, a. Double-headed.
Ja-pǎn', s. [See def. 1.]

1. The name of an island lying E. N. E. of China. 2. A hard, black varnish, obtained from the Stugmaria verniciflua of the East Indies.

3. An asphaltum varnish.

4. Work varnished and figured in the Japanese style.

cane.

5. An old colloquial English name for a black Japan-black, s. The same as JAPAN-LACQUER (q. v.).

Japan-cedar, s.

Bot.: Cryptomeria japonica.
Japan-clover, s.

Bot.: A low annual plant (Lespedeza stricta), a native of Eastern Asia, introduced in some unknown manner, before 1845, into this country, where it has spread with great rapidity. It grows to the height of a little over a foot on the poorest soil, and is much used as fodder. (Annandale.)

Japan-earth, 8.

Tanning: Terra japonica, catechu, cutch. An astringent matter obtained from the Areca catechu and Acacia catechu, used in tanning. Japan-ink, s. A writing-ink which has a dark, glossy color when dry.

used in japanning, and obtained from Stagmaria
Japan-lacquer, s. A kind of hard black varnish
verniciflua, a tree belonging to the natural order
blisters the skin.
Anacardiaceae. It is very acrid and excoriates and

Japan lacquer-tree: Stagmaria verniciflua.
Japan-lily, s.

Bot.: Lilium japonicum. The flowers, which are white with a streak of blue, are seven inches across; the whole plant is five feet high. Japan-medlar, s. Bot.: Diospyros kaki. Japan-pig, 8.

Japanese-deer, s.

jar

Zool.: Cervus sika. Japanese-humpback, Japanese humpbackwhale, s.

Zool. Megaptera kuzira, extending through the Pacific from Japan to California and Aleutia. Japanese-silk, s.

Fabric: A kind of dress goods having a linen chain and silken weft.

ja-pǎnned, pa. par. or a. [JAPAN, v.] (See the compound.)

japanned-leather, s. Leather treated with several coats of Japan-varnish and dried in a stove. ja-pǎn'-ner, s. [Eng. Japan; -er.]

1. One whose business is to japan wares. *2. A shoeblack.

ja-pǎn'-ning, pr. par., a. & 8. [JAPAN, v.]

A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.)

C. As subst. The art of coating wood, metal, or paper with a thick coat of hard, brilliant varnish. It originated in Japan. Ja-pǎn-nish, a. [Eng. Japan; -ish.] Of or pertaining to Japan; resembling Japanese art or same as GAB (q. v.).] *jāpe, v. i. & t. [Etym. doubtful, but probably the

wares.

A. Intrans.: To jest, to play tricks, to amuse one's self.

B. Trans.: To mock, to deride, to cheat. jāpe, s. [JAPE, v.] A jest, a trick, a joke. *jāp-er, s. [Eng. jap(e); -er.] A jester, a buffoon, a trickster, a deceiver.

*jāpēr-, *jāp-er-iě, s. [Eng. jape; -ry.] Jesting, buffoonery, trickery.

*Jă-pět -I-dæ, s. pl. [From Japhet, one of the sons of Noah.]

Anthrop.: Dr. Latham's name for one of the three great divisions into which he divides the family of Man, the others being the Mongolida and AtlantiThe Japetida comprise those nations also known as Indo-European (q. v.).

dæ.

Jǎ-phět-ic, a. [Eng. Japhet; -ic.] Of, pertaining to, or descended from Japhet.

belonging to Japan.] Ja-pon -ic (1), a. [Mod. Lat. Japonicus of or

Japonic-province, s.

Zool. & Geol.: A province of shells. It embraces the Japanese Islands and the Corea. (S. P. Woodward: Mollusca.) earth (q. v.).] (See compound.) ja-pon-ic (2), a. [Lat. (terra) japonica=Japan

japonic-acid, s.

Chem.: C12H1005. An acid produced by exposing to the action of the air a solution of catechin in caustic potash. It is a black substance slightly

very soluble in alkalies, from which it is precipitated by acids. With potash it forms a black salt, which produces black precipitates with metallic solutions.

Zool.: Balana japonica. It is black_above, paler below, and extends through the Pacific from Japan to America.

jạ-păn,v.t. [JAPAN,8.]

1. To coat wood, metal, or paper with a thick coat of hard brilliant varnish. Japanning involves the baking of the varnished article. The Japanese employ a lacquer obtained from a tree (Rhus vernix) by making incisions in the trunk and collecting the juice; this is at first like cream, but becomes black by exposure to the air. Their process is said to be as follows: After the juice has assumed a deep black color, finely pulverized charcoal is added to it. The lacquer is applied to an article in several successive coats, each being dried in the sun before the next is put on. It soon becomes extremely hard, and is polished with a smooth stone and water until it becomes as smooth as glass. On this sur face ornaments and figures are traced with a brush dipped in a varnish of boiled oil and turpentine. Before this is quite dry, gold or silver leaf is laid on, and the whole afterward receives a finishing coat of varnish. 2. To give a polish and gloss to boots.

"Aids with soot the new japanning art." Gay: Trivia, bk. ii. Jǎp-an-êşe, a. & s. [Eng. Japan; -ese.] A. As adj. Of or pertaining to Japan or its inhabitants.

B. As substantive:

1. A native or inhabitant of Japan. 2. The language spoken in Japan.

chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; -tion, -şion

ja-pon -I-ca, s. [From Japonia=Japan.]

Bot.: A very handsome Japanese plant, a species of the Camellia. It has become domesticated in this country, and is notable for its large red or white flowers.

jă pуg 1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Latin japyx (q. v.); Class. Lat. iopyx: fem. pl. adj. suff. -ide.]

Entom. A family of insects, order Thysanura genuina, Bristle-tails.

jā pуx, a. [Class, myth.=a son of Daedalus; a W.N.W. wind blowing in the south of Italy.]

Zool. The typical genus of the family Japygida (q. v.). Japyx solifugus is a white species, about half an inch long, from the south of Europe, and J. gigas, about an inch, is from Cyprus.

found in its diminutive *charken to creak like a jar, v. i. & t. [Representing an older *char, only cart or door, from the same base as Eng. care, crane, and Lat. garrio=to croak.]

A. Intransitive:

1. To utter a harsh or discordant sound, as from the shake or vibration of a substance struck or moved; to vibrate harshly; to be discordant. 2. To be unpleasant, harsh, disagreeable, or offensive; as, a word jars upon the ear. 3. To disagree, to quarrel, to dispute. "Preach all Faith up, and preach all Reason down, Making those jar whom Reason meant to join." Churchill: Gotham, iii. 4. To clash; to disagree; not to be in accord; to be inconsistent.

"Perchance my heart and harp have lost a string, And both may jar."-Byron: Childe Harold, iii. 4. aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

B. Transitive:

jar

1. To shake; to cause a tremulous motion in. 2. To be harsh, disagreeable, or offensive to; to offend, to displease.

"That saying jars you, let us only say--
'Twere better that he never had been born."
Byron: Cain, iii. 1.

*3. To tick, to beat.

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jar'-gôon, s. [JARGON (2), 8.]

jatropha

Jasminum officinale; and Wild Jasmine of the West

ja-roôl', s. [Native name.]

sound.

"With rash and awkward force the chord he shakes, And grins with won ler at the jar he makes." Cowper: Conversation, 902.

*2. A tick, as of a clock.

"I love thee not a jar o' the clock behind
What lady-she her lord."

Shakesp.: Winter's Tale, i. 2.

3. A clash of interests or views; conflict or collision of opinions.

"Instead of harmony, 'tis jar,
And tumult, and intestine war."

ja ros-ite, s. [Named by Breithaupt after its original locality, Barranco Jaroso, Spain; suff.-ite (Min.).]

Min.: A rhombohedral hydrated sulphate of iron with some alkali; color, ocher-yellow; specific gravity, 3.24-3′26; hardness, 2.5-35.

jăr'-rah, s. [A native Australian word.]

Bot.: A durable wood like mahogany, the product of Eucalyptus rostrata, a West Australian tree. tjarred, a. [JAR (3), s.] Preserved or set in a jar; as, jarred fruit.

jar-ring-ly, adv. [Eng. jarring; -ly.] In a jar ring, harsh, or discordant manner.

odoratissima. (Treas. of Bot.)

2. (Of the form Jasminum): The typical genus of the order Jasminacea (q. v.). The jasmine of the shops is furnished by Jasminum officinale and J. grandiflorum. A similar perfume exists in J. 8ambac; J. undulatum has slightly bitter leaves. The bitter root of J. angustifolium, ground small and mixed with the powdered root of Acorus calamus, is applied externally in the East in cases of ringworm. The flowers of J. grandiflorum strung on threads are worn as necklaces by the Hindu women. The root of J. pubescens is regarded as alexitetric. The roots of J. humile furnish a yellow dye. (Lindley &c.)

Perfumery: A pomade made by impregnating suet with the scent of jasmine, and leaving it for a fortnight in pure rectified spirit.

jǎs-mine-wõrtş, s. pl. [English jasmine, and Bot. The name given by Lindley to the order Jasminacea (q. v.).

Leyden-jar: [LEYDEN.]

jar-nut, s. The pig-nut or earth-nut.

Jar (4), s. [Etym. doubtful; perhaps the same as JAR. 1.]

Well-boring: A device used in boring by impact of the chisel, which is alternately lifted and dropped.

jar-a-ra-ca, s. [Brazilian.]

Zool.: Craspedocephalus (Bothrops) braziliensis, a very venomous serpent, family Crotalida (Pitvipers), found in Brazil.

jar-ble, jar-vel, v. t. [JAVEL, v.] To cover with dirt or mire; to bemire.

jarde, s. [Fr. A hard callous tumor in horses, a little below the bending of the ham on the outside. This distemper, in time, will make the horse halt, and grow so painful as to cause him to pine away, and become light-bellied. It is most common to managed horses that have been kept too much upon their haunches. (Farrier's Dict.)

jardiniere (pron. zhar-din-yär), 8. [Fr.-a female gardener.] An ornamental stand for flowers

in a room.

*jar-gle, .i. [Etym. doubtful; probably a variant of jangle, influenced by jargon (q. v.).] To speak harshly or discordantly; to emit a harsh sound. (Bp. Hall: Satires.)

To confuse, to

*jar-gog le, v. t. [Etym. doubtful, but probably connected with jargon (q. v.).] jumble. (Locke.) jar-gon (1), *jer-gon, s. [Fr. jargon, from the same root as Lat. garrio.] [JAR, v.]

1. Unintelligible talk; gibberish, gabble, chatter. 2. Any phraseology or form of words peculiar to a sect, or profession; professional slang."

"To them the sounding jargon of the schools Seems what it is-a cap and bell for fools." Cowper: Truth, 365.

*3. Confusion, disorder. Jar-gon, jar-gowne, v. i. [Fr. jargonner.] [JARGON (1), 8.] To chatter, to talk unintelligibly. jar-gon (2), jar-gôon, 8. [Etym. supposed Cingalese.]

Min.: The various colored transparent or translucent varieties of Zircon (q. v.), with the exception of the hyacinth-red which is called Jacinth (q. v.). Found principally in Ceylon as waterworn crystals and pebbles. A colorless variety, on account of its high luster, was formerly used much in jewelry. jar-gon-elle, s. [Fr.] [JARGON (2).] A species

of early pear.

*jar'-ry, a. [Eng. jar; -ry.] Jarring, reverberating. (Stanyhurst: Virgil's Eneid, i. 63.) jar -vey, jar-vý, s. [Etym. doubtful.] 1. The driver of a hackney-coach. (Eng.) 2. A hackney-coach. (Eng.)

jāş'-eỹ, jāz'-e, s. [Supposed to be a corruption of Jersey, as being made of Jersey yarn.] A worsted wig. jas-hâwk. s. [Derived from eyas-hawk (q. v.).] A young hawk.

Jǎsh -ĕr, s. [Heb. Yashar=upright.] (See the compound.) Book of Jasher:

Hebrew Literature: The Book of the Upright, a lost work referred to in Josh. x. 13. ("Is not this written in the book of Jasher") and 2 Sam. i. 18 ("In the book of Jasher"). In 1751 a pretended translation of it appeared. This was republished at Bristol, England, in 1829, and again in 1833, but was a forgery.

Ja-sid-1-ang, s. pl. [YEZIDIS.] (Mosheim.) jǎs-I-ō-nē, s. [Gr. iasiōnē a plant described by Theophrastus, either the Convolvulus or the Columbine.]

Bot.: Sheep's-bit; a genus of Campanulaceæ, sub-order Campanule. The corolla segments are linear, the anthers connate, the flowers in terminal Europe, North Africa, and the West of Asia. centripetal heads. Ten species are known from Jasione montana, Annual Sheep's-bit or Scabious, One, a plant with heads of small lilac-blue flowers, is found on heathy pastures, flowering from June to September.

jǎs-i-o-ně-æ, s. pl. [Modern Lat. jasion(e) (q. v.); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. eo.]

Bot.: A tribe of Campanulaceæ. jǎs-min-ā-çe-æ; s.pl. [Mod. Lat. jasmin (um) (q. v.); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -aceœ.] Bot.: Jasminworts, Jasmineworts; an order of Perigynous Exogens, alliance Echiales. It consists of shrubs often with twining stems, opposite or alternate leaves, generally compound, ternate, or pinnate with an odd one, sometimes simple, nearly always with an articulated petiole, calyx persistent, five to eight-toothed, corolla monopetalous with five to eight divisions, stamens two, ovary twocelled, two-lobed, with from one to four erect anatropal ovules in each cell. Fruit either a double berry or a capsule. Known genera five, species 100, from India, South America, Africa, Australia, &c.

jǎs-mine, jas-min, jes-sa min, jěs sa mine, jas-min-um, s. [Fr. jasmine; Sp. jazmin; Port. jasmin the flower, jasmineire=the tree; Ital. gesmino, gelosmino, from Arab. & Pers. jasuman, jásmen, jâsamin, jâsamûn. (Mahn, &c.)

Min.: An impure variety of opal (q. v.), containand red colors; opaque; distinguished from jasper ing oxides of iron, and alumina; mostly of yellow by its bright fracture.

jas pēr ā těd, a. [Eng. jasper; -ated.] Mixed with or containing particles of jasper.

jǎs-per-y, a. [Eng, jasper; -y.] Like jasper; having the qualities of jasper.

jǎs-pid-ĕ-an, a. [Lat. iaspideus, from iaspis= jasper.] Like jasper; of the nature of or contain

ing jasper.

jǎs-pid -ě-oùs, a. [Lat. iaspideus.] The same as JASPIDEAN (q. v.).

*jas-poid, a. [Fr. jaspe=jasper, and Gr. eidos= appearance.] Resembling jasper.

jǎsp'-o-nyx, s. [Lat., from Gr. iasponyx.] Min.: The ancient name for jasper-onyx, a jasper marked like the human nail.

jǎs-si-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. jassus; Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido.]

Entom.: A family of Cicadellina. They have the hinder coxæ transverse, and the hinder tibia with two rows of spines. They are numerous and often elegant in form.

jǎs-sus, s. [Etym. doubtful.]

Entom.: The typical genus of the family Jasside (q. v.).

jăt ạ măn-sẽ, jăt-a-măn-sĩ, 8. [An East Indian word.] Bot. The native name of Nardostachys jatamansi, the Spikenard of the ancients.

sician; cf. also iatos=curable, and rhiza=a root.] jǎt ě-ō-rhiz'-a, s. [Gr. iates, and iatēr=a phy Bot. A genus of Menispermace, Jateorhiza pal mata, or Cocculus palmatus, furnishes Columbaroot. It is a Mozambique plant.

jǎt'-ro-pha, s. [Gr. iatros a physician, and trophe food, in allusion to the medicinal properties of the plants.]

jar-gon-ic, a. [Eng. jargon (2); -ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature of the mineral jargon. jar-gon-Ist, s. [Eng. jargon (1); -ist.] One who is fond of jargon or cant.

fate, făt, färe, amidst,

what, fâll,

marîne; gō, pot,

jaud

highly esteemed as a stimulant application in rheumatism and paralysis. Taken internally, they are violently purgative, irritant, and poisonous. Those of J. multifida are also purgative, emetic,

2397

jaunt-I-ness (au as a), *jant-I-ness, *jaunt-yness, s. [Eng. jaunty; -ness.] The quality or state of being jaunty; lightness, briskness, sprightliness. "I felt a certain stiffness in my limbs, which entirely Addison: Spectator, No. 530.

jawn

*jăv-ě-lot-tiër, s. [O. Fr., from javelot=a javelin.] The same as JAVELINIER (q. v.).

jâw (1), *châw, *chew, *jawe, *jowe, geowe, s.

used in India as an external application in chronic rheumatism and paralysis; the root of J. officinalis is given in Brazil in syphilis. J. manihot, of Linnæus, is now Manihot utilissima; and his J. purgans, Curcas purgans; his J. urens is Cnidoscolus quinquelobus.

jâud, jadd, 8. [JADE, 8.] A jade, a mare. (Scotch.) Jâuk, v. i. [JOKE, v.] To dally, to trifle. jâuk-ing, s. [JAUK, v.] Trifling, dallying. "An' aye she win't, an' ay she swat,

I wat she made nae jaukin'.'

Burns: Halloween.

jau-ling-ite (au as ów), s. [Named by Zepharovich from its locality, Jauling, Austria; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: A hyacinth-red resin, resembling amber; hardness, 25; specific gravity, 1'09 to 1'11.

jaumange (pron. zhō-mang), s. [Fr. jaune= yellow, and manger to eat.] Dutch flummery; a variety of blancmange.

*jaunçe, v. i. [O. Fr. jancer.] [JAUNT, v.] To ride hard; to work or drive a horse hard.

jâun-der, v. i. [A freq. form of Scotch jaunt to talk idly.] [JAUNT, v. To go about idly from place to place; to rove about aimlessly.

jâun der, s. [JAUNDER, v.] A roving about idly or aimlessly. (Scotch.)

jâun -diçe, jâun'-dise, *jaunes, *jaunis, *jaunys, *jawnes, s. [Fr. jaunisse, from jaune, *jalne =yellow; Port. jalne, jalda; Sp. jalde; from Lat. galbinus, galbanus=yellowish; galbus-yellow.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. Lit. In the same sense as II.

"He [the Pope] was long before sicke of the yelowe jaundise."-Bale: Pageant of Popes, fo. 196.

2. Fig. Anything which disorders the judgment, presenting things in a false color or light.

"And jealousy, the jaundice of the soul." Dryden: Hind and Panther, iii. 73.

II. Pathol. An affection in which many tissues of the body are stained yellow, particularly the conjunctiva, skin, underneath the finger-nails, the urine, &c. It is caused by the coloring matter of the bile becoming absorbed into the blood from various morbid conditions of the liver, or the duodenal portion of the intestine, either from mechanical obstruction of the bile, or from suppression. The pulse is slow, with thirst, lassitude, lowness of spirits, white stools, and general debility. The first symptom of recovery is the re-appearance of bile in the stools, after which the yellowness gradually fades away. It is necessary to distinguish between obstruction and suppression. Jaundice is a symptom, and not a disease per se, treatment being directed to the restoration of the biliary secretion to its normal channel. In malignant disease, however, this cannot be looked for.

jaundice-berry, s.

Bot.: Berberis vulgaris.

jâun'-diçe, *jâun'-dise, v. t. [JAUNDICE, s.] 1. Lit.: To affect with jaundice.

"Jaundised eyes seem to see all objects yellow."-Bp. Hall: Episcopacy by Divine Right, pt. iii., §2. 2. Fig.: To disorder or prejudice the mind or judgment.

Only used now in the pa. par. jâun -ẽr, s. [JAUNDER, 8.] Foolish, idle talk. (Scotch.)

jaunt (an as a), v. i. & t. [O. Fr. jancer to play tricks with or tease a horse.]

A. Intransitive:

1. To wander about here and there; to ramble; to rove idly about.

2. To move up and down in a jolting fashion. 3. To take a jaunt or ride on a jaunting-car (q.v.). *B. Trans.: To jolt up and down. jaunt (1) (au as a), s. [JAUNT, v.]

1. A ramble, an excursion, a short journey, a trip. (Now only used lightly, but by Milton solemnly.)

"Our Savior, meek and with untroubled mind,
After his aery jaunt, though hurried sore,
Hungry and cold betook him to his rest.'
Milton: P. R., iv. 402.

2. A jolting movement up and down. 3. A ride on a jaunting-car (q. v.). (Irish.) jaunt (2) (au as a), s. [Fr. jante.] The felly of a wheel.

Jaunt-1-ly (au as a), *jant ́-1-lỹ, adv. [English jaunty; ly. In a jaunty, gay, or airy manner. boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat, çell, chorus, -cian. -tian

jaunt -ing (au as a), pr. par. or a. [JAUNT, v.] jaunting-car, s. An Irish vehicle having two seats, back to back, over the wheels, a well in the middle, and a seat for the driver in front.

jaun -tỷ (an asa), Jan -ty, jaun-teě, a. [Eng. jaunt; y. Easy and sprightly in manner; airy, showy, finical; affecting unconcern; self-satisfied. "We owe most of our janty fashions now in vogue to some adept beau among them."-Guardian, No. 149. jâup, jâwp, v. i. & t. [Etym. doubtful.] A. Intrans.: To dash and rebound as water; to make a noise like water shaken in a close vessel. B. Trans.: To bespatter, as with water or mud. jâup, jâwp, s. [JAUP, v.], A jerk of water; a little quantity of water dashed or splashed up. Ja-va, s. & a. [Native name.]

"These two javels Should render vp a reckning of their trauels." Spenser: Mother Hubberd's Tale. jǎv-e-lin, *jǎv‍-el-ing, s. [O. Fr. javelin (m.), javeline (f.); Fr. javeline; Ital. giaveling; Sp. jabalina; Bret. gavlin. Skeat refers the origin of the word to Irish gaf, gafa = a hook, gabhla=a spear, a lance, gabhlan a branch, a fork of a tree; Gael. gobhal a fork, gobhlach forked; Welsh gaft a fork; gaflach a dart, the original meaning being a pointed weapon. Cf. A. S. gafeluc, gafeloc; Mid. Eng. gavelok a javelin.]

1. A light spear thrown by the hand, formerly used by horse and foot in ancient warfare. The blade of the uppermost javelin in the illustration is very slender; it is intended to bend when

Roman Javelins.

it strikes an object, so that it cannot be used again by an enemy. According to Meyrick, the Velites in the Roman army were armed with seven of these.

2. A hunting-spear, about 5% feet long, having a

Wwooden shaft and an iron head. It is yet used in Europe in hunting the boar, and by many savage nations in ordinary hunting.

"He stood contented with so much, and no more as lay within one fling, or shot of the javelin which he lanced himself."-P. Holland: Plutarch, p. 309.

javelin-bat, s.

Zool.: Phyllostoma hastatum, a bat of the vampire family, found on the Amazon. It sucks the blood of horses, cattle, and, when it has opportunity, that of man.

javelin-men, s. pl.

a jaw; O. Dut. kauwe the jaw of a fish, kouwe=" the cavity of the mouth; Dut. kaauwen-to chew.] I. Ordinary Language:

1. Lit. In the same sense as II. 1.

"His feeble jawes and hollowe voyce could make None other sounde." Gascoigne: Dan Bartholemew of Bathe. 2. Fig.: Coarse raillery, abuse, impudent language, wrangling. (Vulgar.)

"Stop your jaw about him."-H. Kingsley: G. Hamlyn, ch. xxvi. II. Technically:

1. Anat.: One of the maxillæ, or mandibles. One of two bones of the lower part of the face. The lower jaw is the thickest and strongest bone of the face, and moves on the rest of the skull by condyles. It is shaped like an inverted arch, bent forward in from itself. It has a middle and horizontal part, with two rami or ascending branches. The superior or alveolar portion of it is hollowed out, so as to constitute sockets for the lower range of teeth. The upper jaw, or superior maxilla, consists inferiorly of a thick ridge, the alveolar process, and the sockets or alveoli for the teeth of the upper jaw. 2. Machinery:

(1) One of two opposing members capable of being moved toward and from one another, as the jaws, cheek, chaps, chops, or mouth of a vise or wrench.

(2) The cheeks of a stone or ore-crusher, one of which is moved relatively to the other, so as to break the material fed between them.

(3) The opposed portions of a shearing-machine or punch, which, by moving past each other, cut the bar or sheet of metal placed between them. 3. Nautical:

tially embraces the mast. The branches of the jaw (1) The forked end of a boom or gaff, which parare called horns, and are united by the jaw-rope.

(2) The space in the shell of a tackle-block occupied by the sheave.

4. Railway: The guard-plates in which the axleboxes of railway-cars play vertically as the springs yield and recoil; the housings or pedestals.

teeth are set. jaw-bone, s. The bone of the jaw in which the

jaw-box, s. The same as JAW-HOLE (q. v.). jaw-breaker, s. A ludicrous term for a word many-syllabled or very difficult to pronounce. jaw-foot, s.

1. Ord. Lang.: A sink; a place into which dirty water is thrown.

2. Zool.: [FOOT-JAWS, MAXILLIPEDES.] ing the mouths of animals for the administration jaw-lever, s. A veterinary instrument for open

of medicine.

jaw-rope, s.

Naut.: A rope attached to the jaws of a gaff to prevent its coming off the mast.

jaw-tooth, 8. A molar, a grinder. jaw-wedge, s. A wedge to tighten the axle-box in the jaw or guard of a railway car-truck. jaw (2), s. [Etym. doubtful.] A wave; a quantity of water or other liquid.

jâw, v. i. & t. [JAW (1), s.]

A. Intrans.: To gossip, to chatter, to scold; to use impudent or abusive language. (Vulgar.) B. Trans.: To abuse; to use impudent or offensive language to. (Vulgar.)

jâw (2), v. t. & i. [Jaw (2), s.]

A. Trans. To pour out; to dash out rapidly, as water or other liquid.

B. Intrans.: To gush or pour out rapidly. "A naked craig wi' a burn jawing ower 't."-Scott: Rob Roy, ch. xxi.

jâwed, a. [Eng. jaw (1); -ed.]

jaw fall, s. [Eng. jaw, and fall.] A depression or falling of the jaws: hence, figuratively, depres sion or sinking of the spirits, as shown in the falling

of the jaws.

jâw -fâll-en, a. [Eng. jaw, and fallen (q. v.).] 1. Depressed in spirits; depressed, chap-fallen (Fuller.)

armed with a javelin.

"The javeliniers foremost of all began the fight."-P. Holland: Livius, p. 264.

chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; -tion, -şion

Having no jaw. (Marston.) exist. ph = f.

jawy

Jâw-y, a. [Eng. jaw; -y.] Pertaining or relating to the jaws.

Jay, *iay, s. [From O. Fr. jay, gay, gai-a jay (Mod. Fr. geai); Prov. gai, jai; Sp. gayo=a jay; gaya a magpie; Port. gaio. Of Teutonic origin. Named from the gay colors of the bird; cf. Eng. gay.]

Ornithology:

1. Sing.: Garrulus glandarius, a species of Corvida, of a vinous-red color; the back pale gray; the rump and upper tail coverts white; the tail black or gray, with bluish-gray bars; the wing coverts light gray, in the median series light gray inclining to chestnut; the bastard wing or primary coverts barred with black or bright cobalt blue; head with an erectile crest; forehead white, streaked with black. Length about thirteen inches. It is a beautiful bird, but attacks peas and other garden crops, to which it is very destructive, especially in the vicinity of woods and forests. It also eats worms, larve, and snails. It is often kept as a cage-bird. The common blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata, is found over a large portion of South America. The Green Jay of this country is Xanthura luxuosa. The longtailed blue jays are also arranged under Xanthura, though they have not the yellow tail which the generic name suggests.

2. (Pl.) The sub-family Garruline. They are less in size, and have a less robust structure, and shorter and more rounded wings and brighter plumage than the typical crows. Feet formed for grasping; lateral toes unequal.

3. A country fellow, a farmer. (Colloq.) jay-hâwk-er, s. A name given to an armed man, who belongs to an independent military organization; a freebooter; a guerrilla.

*jā -zěl, s. [Cf. Sp. azul, Eng. azure.] Min.: A precious stone of an azure color.

jā -zĕr-ant, *jaz-er-ine, *jess-er-aunt, subst. [O. Fr. jazerant, jazerenc; Sp. jacerina; Port. jazzerina; Ital. ghiazzerino, from O. Sp. jazarino algerine, from Arab, jazair=Algiers.]

Old Arm.: A jacket strengthened by small plates of metal. It was formed by overlapping pieces of steel, fastened by one edge upon canvas, which was coated over with velvet or cloth; it was, in fact, a method of quilting or padding a dress with metal internally, to make it sword and dagger proof, without being visible to the eye. The pieces of metal were generally small, and allowed flexibility by being fastened down by one side only. The jazerant was much worn by Italian nobles during the troublous period of the middle ages.

jeal-ous, *jal-ous, *gel-us, *jel-ous, a. [Old Fr. jalous, from Low Lat. zelosus full of zeal; Lat. zelotes one who is jealous, from zelus-Gr. zelos zeal; Fr. jaloux; Ital. geloso, zeloso; Sp. zeloso, from Fr. zèle; Ital. & Sp. zelo zeal.]

1. Suspicious in love; uneasy in mind through fear or belief that the love or affections which one believes to belong to or hopes to gain for one's self have been or may be transferred to another; apprehensive of or pained by rivalry.

"The jealous lover swore over his wine at a tavern that he would stab the villain."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xix. 2. Jealously cautious or watchful against dishonor; extremely solicitous for the honor of another.

"I have been very jealous for the Lord God of Hosts." -1 Kings xix. 10.

3. Suspiciously fearful or doubtful; looking with suspicion.

"If we love glory, we are jealous of partners."-Burke: On the Policy of the Allies.

2398

jeal-ous-, *gel-es-ie, *jal-ou-sie, *jeal-ousie, jeal-ous-ye, *jel-ous-ie, s. [Fr. jalousie, from jaloux jealous; Ital. & Port, jelosia.]

1. The quality or state of being jealous; suspicion in love; apprehension in rivalry.

"As envy pines at good possess'd,
So jealousy looks forth distress'd
On good that seems approaching.”
Cowper: Friendship.

"The false archangel.

2. Suspicious fear; enviousness of the success of another. casts between Ambiguous words and jealousies, to sound Or taint integrity." Milton: P. L., v. 703. 3. Suspicious caution, vigilance, or anxiety. from the commonness of the name James. (Eng.) Jeameş, s. [See def.] A footman; a flunkey; jean, s. [Prob. a corruption of Genoa.] Fabric:

1. A twilled, undressed cloth, having a cotton chain and woolen filling.

2. A kind of twilled cotton goods, striped or white. Satin jean has a different twill, which gives it a smooth, glossy surface.

pur

jejunely

jĕf-fer-son-īte, s. [Named by Keating and Vanuxem after Jefferson; suff. -ite (Min.) (q.v.).] Min.: A greenish-black mineral, occurring in large crystals, with the angles mostly rounded, as if corroded. Specific gravity, 3:36. It is a variety of augite (q. v.), containing lime, iron, manganese, and zinc. Found in New Jersey.

jěf-frě-In-ite, s. [JEWREINOWITE.]

jĕg, 8. [Etym. doubtful.] A templet or gauge, one of several, for verifying shapes of parts in gun and gun-stock making.

jeg-get, s. [Perhaps a corruption of Fr. gigot.] A kind of sausage.

je-had, s. [JIHAD.]

Jě-hō -vah, s. [Heb. Yehovah (Def.); Gr. Iaō, Ieuō, Iaou, Aia, Iabe.]

Scrip.: The most sacred of the names given in the Old Testament to the Supreme Being, regarded also as the God specially of the Jewish people. So holy was the name deemed that the Jews were afraid to allow it to escape their lips, and therefore took means intentionally to mispronounce it by altering its vowel points to those of Adonai, or, when the jears, jeers, s. [GEAR.] two occur together, of Elohim, less sacred names Naut. A fourfold tackle by which a lower yard is for God. This superstitious practice arose from their having misinterpreted such passages as Deut. The upper block of this swayed or struck. xxviii. 58; Lev. xxiv. 11, 15, 16; Exod. xx. 7. What chase usually hangs from the trestle-trees. *Jěd -dart, a. [From Jedburgh, in the south of the real vowel points, and consequently the proper pronunciation, should be is now doubtful. Many Scotland. (See the compound.) critics contend for Heb. Yahveh, some for Yahrah, and some for Yahavoh, &c. It is generally derived from havah, an old form of haiah = He is. The import of the name is explained in Exod. iii. 14, “I am that I am," or "I am," thus predicating selfexistence or existence in a sense in which it can be applied to no created being. In Exod. vi. 3 we read that God appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by the name of God Almighty, but was not known to them by the name Jehovah. The meaning may have been that the patriarchs did not properly realize the depth of meaning in the name, for the word occurs in Gen. xiv. 22, xxvi. 22, xxviii. 16.

*Jeddart-justice, s. A kind of lynch law known at Jedburgh in "the good old times." The practice was to hang a man first and try the question of his guilt or innocence afterward.

jěd -ding, a. [Etym. doubtful.] (See compound.) jedding-ax, s. A stone-mason's tool. It has one flat face for knocking off projecting angular points, and a pointed peen for reducing a surface to the required form. A cavil.

jědge, s. [Perhaps a corruption of judge.] A gauge or standard.

jedge-and-warrant, s. A warrant or authority given to a dean of guild to repair or rebuild a dilapidated or ruinous tenement according to plan. jēe, v. i. & t. [GEE.]

jeel, s. A shallow lake or morass. (East Indies.) jeer, geare, jeere, v. i. & t. Etym. doubtful. Skeat refers it to Dut. gekscheeren, scheeren = to mock, to jeer, from the phrase, den gek scheeren = to shear the fool. Others derive it from Fr. girer; Ital. girare, from Lat. gyro to turn in a circle.] A. Intrans.: To scoff, to flout; to make a mock of a person or thing; to deride.

"Friend Tortoise, quoth the jeering Hare, Your burden's more than you can bear." Lloyd: Hare and Tortoise. B. Trans. To mock, to deride, to scoff at, to make a mock of.

"If we cannot jeere them, we jeere ourselves." Ben Jonson: Staple of Newes, iv. 1. jeer (1), s. [JEER, v.] A scoff, a flout, a taunt, mockery, diversion.

"But the dean, if this secret should come to his ears, Will never have done with his gibes and his jeers.' Swift: Grand Question. *jeer (2), s. [GEAR.] jeer-er, s. [Eng, jeer; -er.] One who jeers or mocks; a mocker; a scoffer.

"There you named the famous jeerer That ever jeered in Rome or Athens." Beaum. & Flet.: Nice Valour, v. 1. jëer -ing, pr. par., a. & s. [JEER, v.] A. & B. 48 pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.)

C. As subst. The act of mocking or scoffing;

mockery, derision, jeers.

Elohim stands for God as the creator and ruler of the universe (Gen. i. 1); Jehovah as a being standing in the most intimate relation to the Jewish people as their theocratic ruler and God (Psalm cxxxv. 4), as supreme above all gods (verse 5), the First and the Last (Isa. xli. 4), nay the only true God (xliv. 5, 8). In studying these passages, be it observed that where there is the word Jehovah our translators have spelled Lord with capital letters. Phoenician origin, and that it made way among the It has been suggested that the name Jehovah was of Israelites slowly to the age of Samuel, and then with greater rapidity. Movers connects it with the Phoenician Iao-the Sun-god in the several seasons, and especially in autumn, as well as with the Chaldean lao the Intelligent light.

Jě-hō-vist, s. [Eng., &c., Jehov(ah); -ist.]
Biblical criticism:

*1. One who maintained that no alteration had been made in the vowel points of Jehovah. (Opposed to the Adonists, who held that the vowel points of Jehovah are those of Adonai.) [JEHOVAH.] 2. The writer of the Pentateuch, &c., who habitually used the name Jehovah as distinguished from the Elohist, who employed the term Elohim. [ELOHIST, EXODUS, GENESIS.] Colenso recognizes two Jehovists in the book of Genesis.

"And accordingly I have given reasons for concluding that Genesis xiv. belongs to a Jehovistic writer (the second Jehovist)."-Colenso: Pentateuch, pt. iii., p. 6. Jě-hō-vist-ic, a. [Eng., &c., Jehovist; -ic.] the Pentateuch in which the name of God habitBib. criticism: A term used regarding portions of ually employed is Jehovah (q. v.). [ELOHIST.]

For extract, see JEHOVIST.

jē -hu, s. [From the name of Jehu, son of Nimshi; see 2 Kings ix. 20.] A coachman, a driver; one fond of driving. (Slang.)

jeis-tie-cor, jus-ti-coat, s. [Fr. juste au corps

"This unwonted coldness is more to be jealoused."-The Great Bastard (1689).

jĕal-ous ly, adv. [Eng. jealous; -ly.] In a jealous manner; with jealousy or suspicion; suspiciously; with jealous care; zealously.

"He had always hoped that her majesty's safety should be jealously preserved." - Strype: Life of Whitgift (an. 1589).

jeal-ous-ness, s. [Eng. jealous; -ness.] The quality, condition, or state of being jealous; jeal

ousy.

"Nor is it hard for thee to preserve me amidst the unjust hatred and jealousness of too many."-Eikon

Basilike.

fate, fat, färe, amidst, what, fâll,

"All this will not content some morose cavillers, whom I have heard jeeringly say that many who were burnt in Queen Elizabeth."-Fuller: Worthies; Berkshire. jef-fer-is-ite, s. [Named by Brush after W. W. Jefferis; suff. -ite (Min.) (q. v.),}

Miner. A mica-like mineral, which exfoliates remarkably when heated to 300. Composition essentially a hydrated silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia. Found in veins in serpentine at Westchester, Pa.

jef fer-sō nl-a, s. [Named after Thomas Jef. ferson, President of the United States; born April 2, 1743; died July 4, 1826.]

Bot.: A genus of Berberidace. The only known species, Jeffersonia diphylla, is the Rheumatismroot of this country.

sleeves.

"To see a gold-laced jeistiecor in the Ha' garden so late at e'en."-Scott: Rob Roy, ch. vi.

jě-jûne', a. [Lat. jejunus = fasting, hungry, dry, barren.]

*1. Poor, thin, weak; wanting in substance. "Gold is the only substance which hath nothing in it volatile; the melting showeth that it is not jejune, or scarce in spirit."-Bacon.

2. Bare, meager, dry; devoid of interest or life.

(Applied especially to literary productions.)

marîne; gō, pot,