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ixiolite

Bot.: A genus of Iridaceae. It consists of beautiful Cape bulbs, with spikes of showy flowers. Ixia viridiflora has large sea-green flowers, with black markings. It is from the Cape of Good Hope. Ix-1-o-lite, s. [Named by Nordenskiöld after Ixion, a relative of Tantalus, ixiolite being a variety of tantalite.]

Min.: The same as KIMITOTANTALITE (q. v.). Ix-o'-dēs, s. [Gr. ixōdēs like birdlime, sticky, clammy: xos birdlime, and eidos-form, appear ance.]

Zool. The typical genus of the family Ixodide. Ixodes ricinus is the Dog-tick, I. dugesii being also found on the dog, I. reduvius on the sheep, I. pictus on the deer or on mosses, and I. plumbeus upon the Rockswallow (Hirundo riparia) or in its nest. Ix-o'-di-dæ, ix-o'-de-i, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. ixodes (q.v.); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -idee or masc. -ei.] Zool.: A genus of parasitic spiders, order Acarina. The mouth is suctorial. By means of it these parasites attach themselves to the bodies of sheep, oxen, dogs, and other mammals, holding on so tenaciously that, when pulled away, they often bring off with them part of the skin of the animal on which they were parasitic.

Ix-o-lyte, s. [Gr. ixos the mistletoe, any viscous substance, and lyō to loose, to dissolve.] Min.: An amorphous mineral, of greasy luster and hyacinth-red color, becoming ocher-yellow or brown when pulverized. Found in a coal stratum near Gloggnitz.

Ix-ör-a, s. [Said to be altered from Sansc., &c., ishwar, a name of God. (See def.)]

Bot. A genus of Cinchonaces, tribe Coffee, family Psychotride. Ixora coccinea is a fine Indian shrub, with scarlet flowers, which are presented as votive offerings in many Hindu temples. [Etym.] It is used in India for various medicinal purposes. i-ynx, s. [YUNx.]

Iz-ar, s. [Derived from the Arabic.]

Astron.: A fixed star in the constellation Bootes. Called also Bootis.

Iz'-ard, iz-zard (1), s. [Etym. doubtful.]
Zool.: A name for the Ibex (q. v.).

"For the carcass of an izzard he received only ten francs."-Capt. Mayne Reid: Bruin, ch. xxiii.

iz-zard (2), 8. [Prob. a corruption of s hard.] An old name for the letter Z.

"You go over, the first chance you get, and hook every one of their izzards."-E. A. Poe; X-ing a Paragrab.

THE tenth letter and the seventh consonant in the English alphabet. It was formerly interchangeable with i, the same character being used for both. It is a palatal, its sound being that of g in gem or of dg in ridge, edge. Even up to a comparatively recent date and were not sepa rated in English dictionaries, alphabetical lists, &c.

As a symbol, j is used in medical prescriptions at the end of a series of numbers for 1; as, vij.-seven, viij.=eight, &c.

ja-al, ja-el, s. [Arab. jaal; Chal. jaela.] (See etym. and compound.) jaal-goat, s.

Zool.: Capra jaela, the Abyssinian Ibex, an ibex found in the mountains of Abyssinia, in Upper Egypt, at Mount Sinai, and probably in Persia. (Griffith's Cuvier.)

jab-ber, jaber, Jable, Jabil, jabble, v. i. & t. [A weakened form of gabber, gabble, the freq. forms from gab; Icel. gabba to mock, to scoff.] [GABBLE.]

A. Intrans.: To talk rapidly and incoherently; to chatter, to prate; to utter nonsensical or unintelligible sounds.

"Jabb'ring specters o'er her traces glide."

Jones: Hymn to Laschma.

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jǎb'-ber-ing, pr. par., a. & s. [JABBER, v.] verb.) A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: (See the

C. As subst.: Jabber, nonsensical talk, gibberish. ""Twas chattering, grinning, mouthing, jabbering all." Pope: Dunciad, ii. 237.

Jabbering-crow, s.

Ornith.: Corvus jamaicensis. ber, nonsensical talk, gibberish. *jab-ber-ment, s. [Eng. jabber; -ment.] Jab

"At last, and in good hour, we are come to his farewell, which is to be a concluding taste of his jabberment in law."-Milton: Colasterion.

jab'-ber-nowl, s. [JOBBERNOWL.]

*jab-ble, *jable, v. i. & t. [JABBER, v.] To splash, as water.

*jab-ble, s. [JABBLE, v.] Agitation on the surface of water.

jǎb-I-rû, s. [Brazilian jabiru, jaburu.]

Ornith. Mycteria, a genus of Ciconinae (Storks). They resemble the adjutants, and are not much less in size. They are found in South America. jab-o-răn-di, 8. [A word used by some Indian tribes of Brazil.]

Bot.: A plant, either a Piper or of the Rutaceous genus Pilocarpus. The Indians believe it very useful in fevers, and a Portuguese medical man, called Coutinho, having sent some of the leaves to M. Rabuteau, the celebrated Parisian pharmacist, the latter gentleman ascertained by experiment that they were powerfully sudorific. He believes them as valuable as cinchona.

jǎb-or-o'-sa, s. [South American word.] Bot.: A genus of Solanaceae. Jaborosa runcinata is used in South America as an aphrodisiac. ja-ba-tî', s. [Brazilian.]

Bot.: Psidium albidum, which furnishes an excellent dessert fruit used in Brazil.

zilian.]

ja-ba-ti-ca-ba, ja-bot-i-ca-bu-ras, s. [BraBot.: Eucalyptus cauliflora, which furnishes one of the most agreeable fruits eaten in Brazil. Ja'-ca, s. [JACK (3).]

jaca-tree, s. [JACK-TREE.]

marica.] jǎc-a-măr, s. [French jacamar; Brazilian jaca.

Ornith. (pl.): The name generally given to the birds ranked under Galbulinæ, a sub-family of Alcedinidæ or King-fishers. The Jacamars have the bill less stout than the typical Alcedine; their body also is more slender; the tail long; the toes either in two pairs, or two before and one behind, the anterior ones being united. They are brightcolored birds, generally with a good deal of green in their plumage. They are found in

Jacamar.

the tropical parts of South America and in the West Indies, breeding in cavities of trees, and sallying forth from a branch or spray to capture the insects on which they feed. Sometimes elevated into a family, Galbulidæ.

jac-a-na, s. (In Brazil the name of the water

hen.]

Ornithology:

1. Sing.: The name of Parra, a genus of wadingfeet have four very long toes, birds belonging to the family Palamedeida. The separated to their root, and with their claws, especially the hind one, so long that these birds have been called by the French, surgeons. The wing is generally armed with a spur. The common species, Parra jacana, is black with a red mantle, the primaries of the wings are green, and there are fleshy wattles under the bill. It is found in all the warmer parts of this country. 2. Pl.: Parrine, a sub-family of Ralldia.

Jacana.

jǎc-a-rǎn'-da, s. [The Brazilian name of one species, J. brasiliana.] 1. Bot.: A genus of Bignoniaceae. It consists of South American trees with showy flowers in terminal panicles. Jacaranda procera and other species of the genus are used in syphilitic affections. 2. Comm.: [ROSEWOOD.]

jack

jǎc'-a-rê, s. [Jackare and yackare, South Amer ican Indian names of the species.]

Zool. A genus or sub-genus of Alligators established by Dr. Gray. There are various species, as the Dog-headed Jacare (Jacare latirostris), the Long-shielded Jacare (J. longiscutata), the Eyed Jacare (J. ocellata), &c. All are natives of South America.

*jac-a-toô', s. [COCKATOO.] (Evelyn.)

jac-chus, 1-ǎc'-chus, s. [Greek, a name of Bacchus.]

Zool.: A genus of Cebidae, American Monkeys, containing the Marmosets. More commonly called Hapale (q. v.).

jǎc-con-ět, s. [JACONET.]

*ja-çent, a. [Lat. jacens, pr. par. of jaceo=to lie.] Lying down; recumbent; lying at length.

"Because so laid, they [brick or squared stones] are more apt in swagging down, to pierce with their points, than in the jacent posture."-Reliquiae Wotton, p. 20. jǎç-inth, s. [HYACINTH, II. 2 (1).]

jǎc-I-ta-ra, s. [The Brazilian name of the tree.] Bot.: Desmoncus macracanthos, a fine palm, fifty or sixty feet long, with a stem as thin as a cane. It grows along the Amazon and the Rio Negro.

jack (1), *jacke (1), s. [Fr. Jacques, from Latin Jacobus; Gr. Iakobos, from the Heb. Yaagob=one who seizes by the heel, aqab=a heel. In the principal modern languages John, or its equivalent, is a common name of contempt, or slight. Thus the Italians use Gianni, whence Zani; the Spaniards, Juan, as bobo Juan a foolish John=the French Jean, &c. Hence in English we have Jack-fool, A Jack o' the clock (Shakesp.: Richard II., v.5) was Jack-an-apes, Jack-pudding, and perhaps Jackass. a figure which, in old clocks, struck the hours upon the bell: hence the word Jack came to be applied to various implements, which supplied the place of a boy or attendant, as the jack which turns the erally it is applied to a large variety of implements spit in a kitchen, a boot-jack, &c. Still more genanother hand or of an assistant, and in this way is or instruments which are used in the place of frequently compounded with other words, the associated word expressing either its purpose, structure, or relation, as jack-screw, jack-frame, rail-jack, &c.] I. Ordinary Language:

1. The diminutive of the proper name John. 2. A term of contempt; an upshot, a clown, a boor.

"Do you play the flouting jack?"-Shakesp.: Much Ado about Nothing, i. 1.

3. A common equivalent for a sailor; a tar.
*4. A cant word for a Jacobite.

"With every wind he sailed, and well could tack,
Had many pendents, but abhorred a Jack."
Swift: Elegy on Judge Boat.

5. A measure; sometimes half-a-pint, sometimes

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quarter of a pint.

II. Technically:

1. As the name of an instrument:

(1) Domestic:

(a) An instrument for turning a roasting joint of meat; a bottle-jack; a smoke-jack.

"So footboys, who had frequently the common name of Jack given them, were kept to turn the spit, or to pull off their master's boots; but when instruments were invented for both these services, they were both called jacks."Watts: Logic, pt. i., ch. iv.

(b) A contrivance to assist a person in taking off his boots; a boot-jack. (c) A pitcher, formerly of waxed leather, but now of metal; a black-jack.

"Body of me, I'm dry still; give me the jack, boy." Beaum. & Flet.: Bloody Brother, ii. 2. (2) Knitting: The pivoted bar or lever in a knitting-machine, from whose end is suspended the sinker which forms the loop; a beater.

(3) Mach.: A lifting instrument; a contrivance for lifting great weights. [JACK-SCREW.]

(4) Metal-working: A form of metal planing-machine which has short, quick motions, and is used in shaping objects, planing seats for valves, &c. (5) Mining: A wooden wedge used in mining to aid in the cleavage of strata; a gad.

(6) Music: Formerly the hammer or quill-carrier of a clavichord, virginal, harpsichord, or spinet, but now an intermediate piece which conveys to the hammer the motion imparted to the key.

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fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fall, father; wē, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sire, sir,

marine; gō, pot,

(10) Sports:

jack-adams

(a) Any one of the knaves in a pack of cards. (b) The small bowl aimed at in the game of bowls. (Butler: Human Learning, pt. ii.)

(11) Weaving: The heck-box; a grated frame for conducting the threads from the bank to the warping mill.

2. As applied to animals:

(1) A male. [JACK-HARE, JACKASS.] (2) A young pike; a pike.

(3) A name given to various brilliantly colored fish of the mackerel family, found in the West Indies.

1. Jack-at-a-pinch:

(1) A person unexpectedly or suddenly called upon to do something.

(2) A clergyman who has no cure, but officiates

for a fee wherever wanted.

2. Jack-by-the-hedge:

jack cross-tree, s.

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underneath, the tail is bushy and at its extremity

gallant mast.
Naut.: An iron cross-tree at the head of a top- tipped with black. The jackal inhabits the warm

jack-flag, s.

Naut.: A flag hoisted at the spritsail top-mast of night. It hunts in packs. It is not, conhead.

jack-frame, s.

Cotton Mun.: A contrivance, formerly in great
favor, for giving a twist to the roving as it was
delivered by the drawing rollers.

jack-fruit, s. The fruit of the jaca-tree (q. v.).
jack-hare, s. A male hare.

jack-head pump, s. A form of lift-pumps for
mines and deep borings, in which the delivery-pipe
is secured to the cylinder by a goose-neck.

Bot.: Alliaria officinalis. One of the names of to be derived from Richard Jaquette, lord of the
Sisymbrium alliaria.

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cargo.

Jack Ketch, s. A hangman, an executioner: said manor of Tyburn, in England, where felons were for a long time hanged.

jack-knife, s. A horn-handled clasp-knife with a laniard, worn by seamen.

jack-ladder, s.

Naut.: A ladder with wooden steps and side
ropes.

#jack-nasty, s. A sneak, a sloven.
jack-pin, s.

Naut.: A belaying-pin in the fife-rail or else-
where.

jack-rafter, s.

parts of Africa, Southern Asia, and Europe. All who have lived in the East must have heard its unearthly yells suddenly breaking in upon the silence sciously at least, the "lion's provider." It is not generally on living animals that it feeds, but on a troup of jackals hunts down prey, and then the carrion. It is, therefore, improbable that, as a rule, lion, presenting himself, takes it from them. More probably he hunts it down, and they consume what he leaves. There is another species, C. mesomelas, the black-backed jackal. It is found at the Cape of Good Hope.

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"I could lay on like a butcher, and sit like a jacka

napes."-Shakesp.: Henry V., v. 2.

2. A coxcomb, a fop, an upstart, conceited fellow. "That jackanapes with scarfs."

Shakesp.: All's Well that Ends Well, iii. 5. Jack-ass, s. [Eng. jack (1), and ass.] 1. A male ass.

"I have seen a jackass from that country above fifteen
hands high."-Goldsmith: Animated Nature; The Ass.
2. A term of reproach or contempt; a stupid, ig-
norant fellow.

Laughing or feathered jackass:
Ornith.: Dacelo gigantea, the great brown king-

Carp.: One of the short rafters used in a hip-roof. fisher of Australia.
jack-saw, 8.

Ornith.: A provincial English name for the Goos-
ander, Mergus merganser, a kind of duck.
jack-screw, 8. A lifting implement which acts
by the rotation of a screw in a threaded socket.
jack-sinker, s.

Knitting-machine: A thin iron plate suspended
from the end of the jack, and acting to depress the
loop of thread between two needles. The jack-
sinkers alternate with lead-sinkers, the former
tached to a sinker-bar, and move together.
being movable separately, but the latter are at-

jackass-penguin, s.

Ornith.: Eudytes demersa. A species of Penguin which rises to the surface and again dives with great rapidity, so that according to Mr. Darwin it might be mistaken for a fish leaping for sport. jack-boots, s. pl. [Eng. jack (1), and boot.] 1. Large, overall boots, reaching up to the thigh, worn by fishermen.

2. Large boots with a front-piece coming above the knee, worn by cavalry men, and sometimes by huntsmen.

"Some had been so used to wear brogues that they stumbled and shuffled about strangely in their military

(iv) A burglar's implement, used for forcing a snipe or sandpiper, common in this country and the jackboots."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. vi.

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jack-snipe, s. Tringa maculata. A small grass
Old World.

jack-spaniard, s. A scorpion.
jack-staff, s.

Naut.: A flag-staff on the bowsprit-cap for flying the margins of the feathers, the back and wings the jack.

jack-stay, s.

Naut.: A rib or plate with holes, or a rod running
through eye-bolts, passing along the upper side of
a yard, to which the sail is bent.
jack-timber, s.

Carp.: A timber in a building which is shorter
than the other timbers, being intercepted by an-
other piece; as (1) a studding in a partition, which
is intercepted by a brace or window or door frame;
(2) a rafter in a hip-roof, which meets the hip, and
is shorter than those which run a full length and
meet at the comb or ridge; (3) a rib in vaulting or
groining, shorter than the main rib.

jack-towel, s. A coarse towel on a roller.
jack-tree, s. [JACA-TREE.]

jack (2), jacke (2), jaque, jak, jakke, s.
[O. Fr. jaque; cf. Dut. jak; Ger. jacke; Sw.jocka;
Ital. giaco; Sp.joco.]

Old armor: A coat of mail; defensive body-armor worn by troops from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century inclusive. It consisted of a leathern

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Naut.: A block used in sending the top-gallant fruit, but inferior to the bread-fruit itself, to which mast up and down.

jack-boot, s. [JACKBOOT.]

*jack-cap, s. A helmet. (De Foe: Tour, ii. 148.) Jack-chain, s. The chain revolving on the wheel of a kitchen-jack.

boil, boy; pout, jowl; cat,

it is allied.

jack-âl, s. [In Ger. schakal; Fr. & Sp. chacal; Turk. chical.]

Zool.: The Canis (Sacalius) aureus, an animal of
the family Canidae, and presenting a close affinity
to the dog. It is yellowish-gray above, whiter

chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this;
-gion

çell, chorus,

jack-dâw, dâw, s. [Eng. jack (1), and daw.] Ornith.: Colous or Corvus monedula. The smallest of crows, being but thirteen inches in length. The general color is black, with a grayish shade on purplish; the crown of the head is glossy blueblack, forming a cap; the neck hoary-gray, the bill and feet black, the eye bluish-white. Both sexes colored alike. The bird breeds in towers and old buildings, also in hollow trees. Eggs four to seven, more bluish than those of ordinary crows, and blotched with brown spots.

jack-ět, s. [Fr. jacquette, dimin. of O. Fr. jaque a jack or coat of mail.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. A short coat extending downward to the hips. 2. A kind of coat or dress made of cork to support

the wearer while swimming; a cork jacket.

3. A short, outer, close-fitting garment worn by

women.

II. Technically:

1. Machinery:

inner and outer cylinder or casing; its usual (1) A steam-jacket is a body of steam between an purpose is to warm or maintain the warmth of the contents of the inner cylinder.

(2) The steam space around an evaporating-pan to heat the contents. Other jackets are of wood or other non-conducting material. Cylinders of steamengines are sometimes covered with felt and an ornamental wooden casing to prevent radiation of heat. Steam-boilers, for the same purpose, are jacketed with felt on the upper part. Also called cleading, deading, lagging.

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jacket a steam-boiler.

2. Fig.: To thrash, to beat. (Slang.) jack-man, s. [Eng. jack (2), and man.]

1. A soldier dressed in a jack; a horse-soldier. 2. A retainer, an attendant. (Scott.) jack-plane, s. [Eng.jack (1), and plane.] Carp. The first and coarsest of the joiner's bench-planes, the others being the trying, panel, and smooth planes.

sin, aş; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f.

jackpudding

jack-pud-ding, s. [Eng. jack (1), and pudding: cf. Fr. jean-pottage=John-pottage; Ger. Hans-wurst = Jack-sausage.] A merry-andrew, a clown, a buffoon.

jack-răb-bit, s. A large rabbit or hare found in some of our southern and western states. jack-rib, s. [Eng. jack (1), and rib.] Arch.: Any rib in a framed arch or dome which is shorter than the rest.

jack-sâuçe, s. [Eng. jack (1), and sauce.] An impudent or saucy fellow.

"Every jacksauce of Rome shall thus odiously dare to control and disgrace it."-Bp. Hall: Honour of the Maried Clergie, bk. ii., § 12.

jack-smith, s. [Eng, jack (1), and smith.] A workman who makes jacks for roasting.

"The celebrated watchmaker [Mr. Tompion] who was originally a jacksmith."-Dryden: Let. to Mr. Tonson (1696).

jack-son-ite, s. [Named by Whitney after Dr. C. T. Jackson; suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: The same as PREHNITE (q. v.). Found at Ile Royale, Lake Superior, and Keweenaw Point, Michigan.

jack-strâw, s. [Eng. jack (1), and straw.]

*1. A figure of a man made of straw; a scarecrow. *2. A person of no weight or substance.

"An inconsiderable fellow and a jackstraw."-Milton: Def. of the People of England. (Pref.)

3. A slip of straw, wood, ivory, bone, or other material, used in a child's game, in which all the strips are thrown into confusion on a table to be picked singly with a hooked instrument without disturbing the rest.

jack-wood, s. [Eng. jack, and wood.]
Comm.: The wood of Artocarpus integrifolia. It

is a furniture and fancy wood.

Ja-cob (1), s. [Lat. Jacobus, remotely from the patriarch Jacob, Heb. Yaaqob.] [JACK.]

Jacob's-ladder, s.

1. Botany: The genus Polemonium. One species, the Blue Jacob's-ladder (Polemonium cæruleum), a plant with pinnate glabrous leaves and large blue or occasionally white flowers.

2. Naut.: A rope ladder with wooden rounds. 3. Mech. The elevator used in brewhouse machinery for raising spent mash-stuff.

Jacob's-staff, s.

*I. Ordinary Language:

1. A pilgrim's staff, from the pilgrimages made to the Shrine of St. James (Lat. Jacobus) at Compostella in Spain.

"In his hand a Jacob's-staff, to stay His weary limbs upon.' Spenser: F. Q., I. vi. 35. 2. A staff containing a concealed dagger. II. Surveying:

1. An instrument for taking altitudes, having a brass circle divided into four equal parts by two diametric lines. At each extremity is a perpendicular riglet over the lines, with a hole below each slit for discovering objects. The cross is mounted on a staff. A cross-staff.

2. An instrument used to measure distances and heights. It has a square rod, with a cross or cursor, which has a set screw to keep it in position on the rod when required. The rod is three or four feet in length, and divided into four or five equal parts. The cursor has a square socket and slips on the staff. The instrument is mounted on a tripod when in use, the cursor being in the plane of the horizon when measuring distances, and vertical to it when measuring heights.

3. A straight rod shod with iron, and with a socket-joint and pintle at the summit for supporting a surveyor's circumferentor.

Jacob's-stone, s. A stone fabulously said to be that on which Jacob rested his head at Luz, which was used as the coronation-stone of the kings of Scotland at Scone, in Perthshire, and was thence transferred by Edward I. to Westminster, where it still remains, inclosed in the coronation-chair. Ja-cob (2), s. [From Jacob, its discoverer.] Anat.: (See etym. and compound.) Jacob's-membrane, s.

Anat.: The columnar layer, or layer of rods or cones, constituting the seventh layer covering the retina of the eye. (Quain.)

Jac-o-be-an, Jă-co-be-an, Jă-co-bi-an, adj. [Lat. Jacob (us)=James; English suff. -ean, -ian.] Arch.: A term sometimes applied to the style of architecture prevailing during the later years of the reign of Elizabeth and that of James I. It differs from the Elizabethan or Tudor style, in having a greater admixture of Italian, greatly owing to the influence of the Italian architect Palladio.

fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll,

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Jac o bin, Jac-o-bine, s. & a. [Fr. Jacobin, from Low Lat. Jacobinus, from Lat. Jacobus= James.]

A. As substantive:

1. Originally a synonym for a Dominican friar,
though the name did not extend beyond France.
"Now am I Robert, now Robin,

Now frere Minour, now Jacobin."
Romaunt of the Rose, 6,341.

2. A member of a faction or club of violent repub-
licans, so called from the Jacobin club, which met

in the hall of the
Jacobin friars, in
the Rue St. Jac-
ques, in Paris, in
October, 1789.

*3. One who was
radically opposed
to the existing
government of
England; specif.,
applied to the ex-

treme section of

the revolutionary
party at the end of
the last century.
4. A variety of
hooded pigeon.

B. As adj.: The
same as JACOBIN-
IC (q. v.).

"France is formid

Jacobin.

jade

jac-o-nět, jǎc-co-nět, s. [Fr. jaconas.] Fabric: A fine, close, white cotton goods, intermediate between cambric and lawn.

Jac-quard (qu as k), s. [The name of a strawhat manufacturer in Lyons, who died in 1834.] (See etym. and compound.)

Jacquard-loom, s. A loom for weaving figured goods. A chain of perforated cards is made to pass over a drum, and the strings by which the threads of the warp are raised pass over an edge with a wire or leaden weight of small diameter suspended from each. These weights, at each stroke of the loom. are presented to each successive card, and some of them are intercepted by the card, while others pass through the holes therein, the latter thus determining which threads of the warp shall be raised. In this way the figure on the card determines the nature of the figure on the fabric.

Jacqueminot (pron. jak-mi-no), s. The name of a very handsome deep crimson rose, called after General Jacqueminot, of France.

jacquerie (pron. zhak-re), s. [Fr. Jacques= James.] [JACK (1).]

Hist. A name given to a revolt of the peasants against the nobles in Picardy, France, in 1358. Any revolt of peasants.

*jac -tan-çy, s. [Latin jactantia, from jactans, pr. par. of jacto, freq. of jacio- to throw.] A boasting, a boast.

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jǎc-ta-tion, 8. [Lat. jactatio, from jacto, frequent. of jacio to throw.] The act of throwing; able, not only as she is France, but as she is Jacobin agitation or shaking of the body in exercise, as in riding. France."-Burke: Regicide Peace.

Jac-o-bine, s. [JACOBIN.]

jǎc-o-bin-ic, jǎc-o-bin-ic-al, a. [English Jacobin; -ic, -ical.] Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; turbulent, revolutionary, demagogical. "Her own ill policy, which dismantled all her towns and discontented all her subjects by jacobinical innovations."-Burke: Policy of the Allies.

jǎc-o-bin-i-cal-ly, adv. [Eng. jacobinical; -ly.] In jacobinical, revolutionary, or demagogic principles.

jǎc-o-bin-işm, 8. [Eng. jacobin; -ism.] The principles or objects of the Jacobins; revolutionary or demagogic principles.

To

jǎc-o-bin-ize, v. t. [Eng. jacobin; -ize.]
imbue or tint with jacobinism.
*jac-o-bin-ly, adv. [Eng. jacobin; -ly.] In the
manner of the Jacobins; jacobinically.
Jac-o-bite, s. & a. [Lat. Jacobus James; Eng.
suff. -ite.]

A. As substantive:

1. Eng. Hist.: A partisan or supporter of James II., after his abdication, and of his descendants, the Pretenders; one who opposed the Revolution of 1688 in favor of William and Mary.

2. Church History (pl.):

(1) The followers of Jacob Baradæus, a Monophysite monk who restored the sect to prosperity after it had become extinct. He died at Edessa in 578.

(2) A name for the Monothelites (q. v.).

(3) An order of mendicant monks, which arose and obtained the sanction of Pope Innocent III., in the thirteenth century, but very soon became extinct.

(4) A name for the Dominicans. [JACOBIN (1).]
B. As adj.: Pertaining to the Jacobites; holding
the opinions of the Jacobites.

jǎc-o-bit -ic, *jǎc-o-bit -ic-al, a. [Eng. Jaco-
bit(e); -ic.] Relating or pertaining to the Jaco-
bites; supporting or adhering to the Jacobites.
jac-o-bit-ic-al-ly, adv. [Eng. jacobitical; -ly.]
In a jacobitical manner; like the Jacobites.
Jǎc-o-bit-Işm, s. [Eng. Jacobit (e); -ism.] The
principles of the Jacobites or adherents of James II.
ja-cobs'-ite, s. [Named by Damour after its
original locality, Jacobsberg, Wermland, Sweden;
suff. -ite (Min.).]

Min.: An oxide of iron and manganese, repre-
sented by the formula Inn (Fe Inn)04. Isometric,
occurring in octahedrons: hardness=6; specific
gravity, 475; luster, brilliant; color, deep black;
streak, blackish-brown; magnetic. Occurs with a
white mica and native copper in a crystalline lime-

stone.

Ja-cob-son, s. The name of its discoverer. (See etym. and compound.)

Jacobson's-nerve, s.

Anat.: The tympanic branch of the cranial nerves. Ja-co-bus, s. [Lat. James.] A gold coin, current in England in the reign of James I. It was of the value of 25s. sterling, or about $6.

jǎc-ti-ta-tion, s. [Lat. jactito, a double frequent. from jacio- to throw.1.

1. A tossing or shaking of the body; restlessness.
2. Vain boasting, vaunting.
Jactitation of marriage:

Eccles. Law: A term applied to a false pretension or claim to be married made by any one with a view to gain the reputation of being married.

*jac-u-la-ble, a. [JACULATE.] Fit to be thrown. jac-u-late, v. t. [Latin jaculatus, pa. par. of jaculor to throw a dart or javelin; jaculum=a dart; jacio- to throw.] To throw or dart out; to emit.

jǎc-u-la-tion, s. [Lat. jaculatio, from jaculatus, pa. par. of jaculor.] The act of throwing or hurling missive weapons.

jǎc-u-la-tor, s. [Lat., from jaculatus, pa. par. of jaculor.]

1. Ord. Lang.: One who throws or darts. 2. Zool.: The Archer-fish (q. v.).

jǎc-u-la-tor-y, adj. [Latin jaculatorius, from Throwing or darting out suddenly; uttered or jaculatus, pa. par. of jaculor; Fr. jaculatoire.] thrown out suddenly or in short sentences; ejaculatory.

jac-u-lus, s. [Lat. that which is thrown; a fishing-net; a serpent which darts at its prey; a noose thrown over the horns of cattle.]

Zool. A genus of Dipodide. Jaculus labradorius is the Labrador Jumping Mouse.

jāde (1), s. [Etym. doubtful, probably of Tontonic origin.]

1. A sorry nag; a broken-down, worthless horse. 2. An old woman, a wench, a quean. (Used in contempt.)

3. A young woman. (Not necessarily used in contempt.)

jāde (2), s. [Sp. pietra di hijada = kidney-stone. (King.))

Min.: A massive or sometimes cryptocrystalline silicate of magnesia, allied to hornblende, with specific gravity from 2-96-3'18, and hardness from 55-65. Damour divides it into "Oriental Jade, with specific gravity 2.96-3'06; colors white and white variously tinted, greenish-gray, and many shades of green; and Oceanic Jade," specific gravity 3'18, differing also from the former in posfibers. Found in situ in Central Asia, China, and sessing a silky luster due to exceedingly delicate New Zealand. Much used for ornamental and other implements in the remains of prehistoric lakepurposes by ancient peoples, having been found as dwellings, and by Dr. Schliemann on the site of Troy. (For geographical distribution and archeological uses, see Fischer: Nephrit u. Jadeit, Stuttgart, 1880.)

jāde, v. t. & i. [JADE (1), 8.]
A. Transitive:

*1. To ride or drive overmuch; to overdrive.
*2. To treat as a jade; to spurn, to kick.
3. To tire out, to fatigue, to weary.

*4. To make appear like a jade; to make appear ridiculous; to befool.

*B. Intrans.: To become weary or worn out; to lose spirit.

father; we, wět, here, camel, her, thêre; pine, pit, sire, sir,

marîne; gō, pot,

jadeite

Jade ite, S. Named by Damour from jade; saf. -ite (Min.).]

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jă -ghîr dar, s. [Hind.] One holding a jaghir the latter system fell, perishing under the weight (q. v.). (Anglo-Indian.)

Min. A silicate of alumina, soda, a little lime, jă guar' (u as w), s. [Braz. jaguara.] magnesia, and iron. Specific gravity 3.28-34; hardness, 65-7; colors, milky-white with bright-green Zool. Felis onca, a ferocious-looking feline aniveins and splotches, various tints of greenish and mal, a little larger than a leopard, which it resembluish-gray, orange-yellow, apple and emerald-bles in color, except that in the jaguar the spots are arranged in larger and more definite groups. green (all green shades brighter than in oriental jade), rarely violet. The splinters fuse in the flame It is found in the southern part of the United States, through Mexico, Central America, and Braof a spirit-lamp. Damour, from analyses, suggests a relation to the epidotes. Found in Central Asia, zil, as far south as Paraguay. It can climb trees China (where, under the name of "Feitsui," it is and swim rivers. In some places its chief food is much prized), and as articles worked by the Aztecs, the capybara, but it will attack horses, cattle, and in Mexico. (See Fischer: Nephrit u. Jadeit, Stutt- even man. gart, 1880.)

jad -ĕr-, *jād ĕr-iě, s. [Eng. jade (1); -ry.] The cricks or manners of a jade.

jād ish, a. [Eng.jad(e) (1); -ish.]

1. Like a jade; vicious, ill-tempered. *2. Unchaste, incontinent.

jǎg (1), *jagg, *jagge, subst. [Ir. gaga cleft; gagaim to split or notch; Gael. gag-a cleft; gag -to split; Wel. gagen=a cleft.]

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ana,

jǎ guar-on-di (u as w), s. [A South American word.] Zool.: Felis jaguarondi, a small, long-bodied feline animal, of a variable dark-brown color, found in the thick forests of Brazil, Paraguay, and Guiwhere it feeds on fowls, small mammals, &c. Jah, s. [Heb. Iah or Yah, an abbreviation of Jehovah in its older form.] (For def. see etym.) [JEHOVAH.] "Sing unto God, sing praises to his name: extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name JAH.”—Psalm

lxviii. 4.

II. Bot.: A cleft or division. (Goodrich & Porter.) cage, a coop; cavus hollow; Fr. geôle; Sp. gayola, jag-bolt, s. A bolt with a barbed shank. jag (2), s. [Etym. doubtful.]

1. A small load, as of grain, hay, or straw. 2. A saddle-bag, a peddler's wallet.

To have a jag on: To be in a state of partial intoxication; the idea being that when a man is fully intoxicated he has a load, but when partly intoxicated he has on only a jag. (U. S. Slang.) jǎg (1), v. t. [JAG (1), 8.]

1. To notch; to cut into notches; to form denticulations in.

2. To prick, as with a pin or thorn.

jǎg (2), v. t. [JAG (2), 8.] To carry, as a load. jag an-nâ-tha, jag-a-nât, jag-gan-âth, s. [JUGGERNAUT.]

jǎg-a-tai, s. [From Jagatai, the native name of Turkistan, from Jagatai, a son of Genghis Khan.] The dialect used by the inhabitants of Turkistan. jag-er, s. [Etym. doubtful.]

jail, gaol, gayhol, *gayl, s. [O. Fr. gaiole, gaole, from Low Lat, gabiola, dimin. of gabio a jaula; Port. gaiolo, Ital. gabbiuola.] A prison; a place of confinement for persons legally committed to custody for any crime or offense against the law. jail-bird, s. A person who has been in jail; an incorrigible rogue.

jail-delivery, s.

1. Lit. & Law: A judicial process, by which jails are delivered of the persons confined in them, either by trial, or by discharge of court.

2. Fig.: A release from any confinement or restraint, as of the soul from the body.

jail' er, s. [Eng. jail; -er.] One having charge of prisoners legally committed; a keeper of a jail. jail-fever, s.

Path. The name given prior to A. D. 1759 to a fever very prevalent in jails, where the unhappy inmates were often half-starved. It was called also putrid, pestilential, malignant, camp or hospital fever. It is that now known as typhus fever (q. v.). jail-keeper, 8. A jailer (q. v.).

jail, v. t. [JAIL, s.] To commit to jail; to im

Ornith. A name for the predatory gulls of the prison. genus Lestris. (Swainson.)

ja-ger-ant, s. [JAZERANT.] jag ĕr-y, s. [JAGGERY.]

jǎg -gěd, a. [JAG (1), 8.]

1. Ord. Lang. Having jags or notches; notoned; specif., in heraldry, applied to a division of the field or of the outlines of the ordinary, when appearing rongh, as if forcibly torn away.

2. Bot.: Cut in a coarse manner. jagged-chickweed, s.

evenness.

The

Jain, Jai-na, s. & a. [Sanse, jina=victorious over all human passion and infirmities.]

A. As subst.: A professor of the Jain faith. [JAINISM.]

B. As adj. Of or belonging to the Jains or their worship.

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Bot. The genus Holosteum. H. umbellatum, the There are fine ones on Mount Abu, a granitic mount. Umbelliferous Jagged Chickweed, is British. ain 5,000 or 6,000 feet high, in the same province. One temple there is of date between A. D. 1197 and jag gěd-ness, s. [Eng. jagged; -ness.] 1247, another about A. D. 1032. In Jain architecture quality or state of being jagged or notched; un- there is generally a horizontal dome supported by eight leading pillars, with other less important ones, the whole number in some cases amounting to fifty-six. There are cells as in Buddhist monasteries; they are occupied, however, not by monks, but by the cross-legged images of the Tirthankars, to whom it is dedicated. There is elaborate ornamentation; the temples are surrounded by porticos. Some Jain temples have been converted into mosques. (Fergusson, &c.)

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jag ger (2), s. [Eng. jag (2); -er.] One who carries a jag or wallet; a peddler.

8.

jág-ger-, jag-gher-rỷ, jǎg -ẽr-y, jag'-gōr-y, Hind. jagri.

Comm.: A kind of sugar separated from the juice of the flower and stems of the cocoanut, Caryota urens, and some other palms.

jǎg-ging, pr. par., a. & s. [JAG (1), v.] A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj. (See the C. As subst.: The act of cutting in jags or notches.

verb.)

jagging-board, s.

Metall.: An inclined board in a buddle or frame on which slimes of ore are deposited to be gradually washed by a current of water to the inclined bd where the slimes are sorted according to gravity.

jagging-iron, s. The same as JAGGER (1), 2 (q.v.). jag-gy, a. [Eng. jag: y.] Full of or marked

with jags; jagged, uneven.

ja ghir, ja ghëer, ja -gëer, 8. [Hind.] Land given by government as a reward for services, especially of a military character.

boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat,

Jain Işm, s. [Goozerathee, &c., Jain, from Sanse. jina victor over all human passions and infirmities; suff. -ism.]

Buddhism (q.v.). The Jains, like the Buddhists, Religions: An Indian faith, most closely akin to disregard the authority of the Vedas. Like them, they give high adoration to mortal beings; but while the Buddhists practically confine their worship to seven Buddhas, the Jains nominally recognize seventy-two, viz., twenty-four for the past age, twenty-four for the present one, and twenty-four for the future. These are called Tirthankars or Tirthakars-persons who have crossed over (tiryata anena)-i. e., the world compared to the ocean. They are then deified, and divine qualities are predicated of them in their present state. They are called supreme lords and gods of gods. Practically speaking, worship is confined to two of the Tirthankars, Parsanath and Mahavira. The latter is said to have been the preceptor and friend of Buddha. This would look as if the Jaina faith had preceded Buddhism, but the period of its greatest glory was the eleventh or twelfth century of the Christian era, just after Buddhism had been driven from India. Fergusson thinks that it actually existed prior to the rise of Buddhism, and that when

çell, chorus, chin, bench; go, gem; thin, his; -gion = shun; -tion, -şion

of its immense priesthood and its legions of monks, an effort was made by its friends to revive the old faith. Fut modern Hinduism was shooting up sc vigorously, that its existence could not be ignored. Jainism was obliged to derive various tenets and practices from it, so that it became rather a degen erate hau a reformed Buddhism.

jakes, s. [Etym. doubtful.] A house of office; a privy.

"Their tenets were an horrible confusion of all sorts of Jortin: Remarks on Eccles. Hist. (an. 379). *jakes-farmer, s. One who contracted to clean out the public privies and drains.

impieties, which flowed into this sect as into a jakes."

ja -kle, s. [A Guiana word (?).] Zool.: Pseudis paradoxa, a greenish frog, spotted and marked with brown, found in Guiana.

jǎl-ap, s. [Fr. jalap; Sp. jalapa. Named from the city Xalapa or Jalapa in Mexico, whence the drug was first brought.]

1. Pharm.: The dried tubercles of Erogonium purga. The true jalap is called also Vera Cruz jalap; another kind, derived perhaps from Ipomoea simulans, is called Tampico jalap. The tubers of true jalap are ovoid, from the size of a nut to that of an orange. They are sometimes sliced; the other kind is fusiform. The chief officinal preparations of it are Extract of Jalap and Tincture of Jalap. Jalap is a brisk purgative, and is also given as a hydragogue in dropsy.

2. Botany:

(1) The same as JALAP-PLANT (q. v.). (2) Inoma jalapa.

(1) Mirabilis jalapa was once erroneously supposed to be the true jalap, whence its specific name. The male jalap of Mestitlan is Ipomoea batatoides. (2) Resin of jalap: A resin obtained from jalap by means of rectified spirit. jalap-plant, s.

Bot.: Erogonium purga, a beautiful convolvulaceous twiner, with long crimson flowers. jǎl-a-pāte, s. [Eng. jalap (ic); -ate.]

Chem.: A salt of jalapic-acid (q. v.). ja-lǎp Ic, a. [Eng. jalap(ine); -ic.] Derived from or in any way connected with jalapine (q. v.). jalapic-acid, s.

Chem.: C3H58017. A tribasic acid obtained by boiling jalapine with baryta-water, and, after accurately precipitating the barium with sulphuricacid, evaporating the filtrate to dryness. It is an amorphous, yellowish, brittle mass, melting a little above 100, very soluble in water and in alcohol, less so in ether. It is odorless, but possesses an unpleasant, bitter taste. When heated on platinum foil to 130, it decomposes, burning with a bright, sooty flame. Jalapic-acid unites with bases forming salts, in which one, two, and three atoms of hydrogen are replaced by the same number of atoms of the metals. The jalapates are all amorphous. When an aqueous solution of jalapic-acid is boiled with dilute sulphuric-acid, a brown semicrystalline mass is formed. By boiling this mass with baryta-water, and filtering when cold, alpha jalapic-acid is formed in the mother liquor. It at 78 to a pale yellow oil. It is soluble in alcohol crystallizes in white, flexible needles, which melt and in ether, and slightly soluble in water.

jǎl-a-pin, jǎl'-a-pine, s. [Eng., &c., jalap; suff. -in, -ine (Chem.) (q. v.).).

1. Chem. An amorphous glucoside existing, together with convolvuline; in the tubers of officinal jalap root. In order to prepare it, the jalap root. must be several times extracted with water, and then with alcohol, the color removed by animal charcoal, and the filtrate evaporated to dryness on a water-bath. The residue is then dissolved in alcohol, filtered, and the glucoside precipitated by less, tasteless, amorphous mass, very soluble in means of ether. When pure, it is a colorless, odoralcohol and dilute acids, slightly soluble in water, but insoluble in ether. It dissolves readily in the fixed alkalies, and is not reprecipitated by acids, having been converted into amorphous convolvulicacid, which is soluble in water. When heated to 100, it becomes brittle, and may be rubbed down to a white powder. It softens at 123, and melts at 150° to a pale yellow syrup. At a higher temperaemitting a pungent, empyreumatic odor. When ture it takes fire, and burns with a sooty flame, dissolved in strong sulphuric acid, the solution acquires a beautiful purple color, which changes to a brown, and finally to a jet black.

2. Comm.: The jalapin of the shops is the resin of jalap, extracted by spirit from the tubers, and afterward precipitated by water.

jǎl-a-pin-ŏl', s. [Eng. jalapin, and ol(ein).] Chem. 2016H30O3,H2O. A white crystalline body, prepared by adding fuming hydrochloric acid to a concentrated, aqueous solution of jalapic-acid, and

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jalapinolate

leaving it to itself till the mixture has solidified to a thick crystalline mass. On washing the product on a filter with cold water, and recrystallizing several times from alcohol, pure jalapinol is obtained. It is inodorous, feels fatty to the touch, melts at 62, and solidifies at 59 to a hard, brittle, crystalline mass. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and in ether.

jǎl-a-pin-o-lāte, s. [Eng. jalapinol; -ate.] Chem. A salt of jalapinolic-acid. jǎl-a-pin-ŏl-ic, a. [Eng. jalapinol; -ic.] Derived from or in any way connected with jalapinol (q. v.).

jalapinolic-acid, s.

Chem.: C16H32O. A monobasic acid produced by treating jalapinol with caustic alkalies, or by heating gradually a mixture of jalapin and sodium hydrate, and decomposing the sodium jalapinolate by means of hot acidulated water. On cooling, jalapinolic-acid separates in the solid form. It is inodorous, but has an irritating taste, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and in ether. It crystallizes from alcohol in the form of white tufts of needles. It melts at 65, and solidifies at 62 to a white, crystalline, brittle mass. At a higher temperature it decomposes, emitting a pungent odor, which attacks the eyes and throat. It forms salts called jalapinolates.

2394

ja-mā -I-çine, s. [Mod. Lat. (Geoffroya) jamaic(ensis); suff. -ine.]

jangle

Epistle of St. James:

the Council of Jerusalem mentioned in Acts xv., and he seems to have had apostolic charge of the Chem. An alkaloid discovered by Hüttenschmid mother church at that city (Acts xii. 17, xv. 13, xxi. in the bark of Geoffroya jamaicensis, a leguminous 18). He was called "the Less," either from being tree growing in Jamaica and in Surinam. Toobtain younger than James the son of Zebedee, or from it, the powdered bark is boiled with water, and the being shorter than he in stature (Mark xv. 40). [1.] solution evaporated to a syrup. Freshly-ignited His mother's name was Mary (Matt. xxvii. 56; Mark charcoal in powder is then added, and the jamai- xv. 40; Luke xxiv. 10), and he was brother to Jude cine extracted from the mixture by repeated treat- or Judas (Mark vi. 3; Jude 1). ment with boiling alcohol. It crystallizes in yellowish-brown needles, which are soluble in boiling water and in alcohol, but insoluble in ether It melts at 98 to a brownish-red liquid; at a higher temperature it swells up very much, and burns, giving off an odor of roasted cocoa. It is inodorous, very bitter, and neutral to vegetable colors. The salts of jamaicine are bitter, crystalline, and soluble in water and in alcohol." jăm-a-na, subst. [JACANA.] The same as the JACANA (q. v.). (Swainson.)

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"The beames and pillars
also sustaining the said build-
ings, yea, the jambes, posts,
principals, and standerds, all
of the
Color
same mettall." - P.
Holland: Pliny, bk. xxxiii.,

jǎl'-ôu-şiē (j as zh), s. [Fr., from jaloux=jealous (q. v.).] A louvre-window or Venetian shutter. jǎl-pa-ite, s. [Named by Breithaupt after its locality Jalpa, Mexico; suff. -ite (Min.) (q. v.).] Min.: Jalpaite is a cupriferous sulphide of silver, with isometric cleavage, and malleable. blackish, lead-gray; specific gravity, 6'87-6-89. jăm (1), s. [Etym. doubtful: Skeat connects it with JAM, v. (q. v.)] A conserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water.

jăm (2), s. [Pers. & Hind. jâmah=dress.]

1. A kind of muslin dress worn in India.

2. A child's frock.

jăm (3), s. [JAM, v.] A crush, a squeeze; a crowd or block of people.

jăm (4), s. [JAMB.]

jăm, v. t. [Of doubtful origin: according to Skeat the same as cham or champ to chew, to tread heavily; also as adj. = hard, firm.]

1. To wedge in, to press, to crush, to squeeze.

2. To tread hard; to make hard and firm by treading, as land by cattle. (Provincial.)

jam-nut, s. An auxilliary nut screwed down upon another one to hold it; a check-nut, lock-nut, or pinching-nut. [NUT-LOCK.]

jam-weld, s.

Forging: A weld in which the heated ends or edges of the parts are square-butted against each other and welded.

jăm-a-dar, 8. [JAMIDAR.]

Ja mai'-ca, 8. [O. Sp. Xaymaca a country
abounding in springs.]
Geog.: The name of a large island in the West
Indies.

Jamaica-dogwood, s.

Bot.: Piscidia erythrina.

Jamaica-ebony, s.

Bot.: Amerimnum or Brya ebenus.

ch. iii.

2. Mining: A pillar of ore in a mine.

jamb-lining, 8.

D

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Carp. The vertical boarding on the sides of a doorway.

jamb-post, s.

Carp.: One of the uprights on the sides of a doorway or window.

jamb-stone, s.

New Testament Canon: The first of the catholic or general epistles. The apostle James, the son of Zebedee, died too early to have been its author. JAMES, 1.] It was penned by either James, the son of Alphæus, or James, the brother of our Lord, if the two were different; by the apostle who bore both designations if they were the same. It was addressed to the twelve tribes scattered abroadi. e., to the Jewish converts to Christianity beyond the limits of Palestine. Its teaching is in disconnected portions, and treats more of conduct than of belief, though the indispensableness of faith to efficacious prayer is strongly insisted on (i. 6). Portions of it look antagonistic to the teaching of St. Paul (cf. Rom. iii. 28 with James ii. 21, 25), and most rationalists believe that the antagonism is real. But faith is used in a different sense in James from that which it obtains in the Pauline writings. What Paul calls simply "faith," James would term a living faith, and it is not against it but against a dead faith that he contends (ii. 17). The epistle was written probably at Jerusalem. Its date is uncertain. It has been fixed in A. D. 44 or 45, in A. D. 60, in A. D. 62, and not till the second century. Clement of Rome seems to have referred to it, and perhaps Hermas. Origen expressly mentions it as the epistle ascribed to St. James (Comment.on John, tom. xix.). It figures in the Syrian Version of the New Testament. It was ranked by Eusebius among his Antilogoumena. In A. D. 397 the Council of Carthage placed it in the canon. Though Luther spoke disrespectfully of it, yet it is now generally accepted as a portion of Divine Scripture.

James, subst. [From the name of its first compounder.]

James'-powder, s.

Phar.: Oxide of Antimony, SbO3 or Sb2O3. It is prepared by pouring a solution of terchloride of

doorway or of a window.
Arch. One of the stone pillars on the sides of a antimony into water, and then treating it with

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*jăm-bee, s. [O. Fr. jamboier to walk; jambe =the leg.] A walking-stick or cane.

jam-beux, s. pl. [JAMBE.]

jăm bô-la-na, s. [The native name.]
Bot.: The Java plum (q. v.).
jăm-bo-ree', subst. A spree; a drunken frolic.
(Slang.)

jăm bō-sa, s. [Malay schambu=the name of one
of the species.]

Bot.: A sub-genus of Eugenia. It contains the Rose Apple, Jambosa vulgaris (Eugenia jambos), and the Malay Apple, J. malaccensis. Both are vated in greenhouses.

Jamaica-ginger, s. A variety of scraped ginger from the East. About thirteen species are culti

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carbonate of soda, the product being oxide of antimony and chloride of sodium. The oxide is afterward washed and dried at a heat not exceeding 212. (Garrod.)

jāme-son-ite, s. [Named by Haidinger after Prof. Jameson; suff. -ite (Min.) (q. v.).]

Min.: Essentially a sulphide of lead and antimony, represented by the formula PbS+Sb2S3. Orthorhombic in crystallization, with highly perfect basal cleavage. Hardness, 2-3; specific gravity, 55-5'8. Mostly occurs in fibrous masses, originally in Cornwall, but subsequently at many other places.

James-town, s. [A place in Virginia.]
Jamestown-weed, s.

Bot.: A popular name for Datura stramonium. ported between two bamboo-poles, and borne by Jăm-păn, 8. [Japanese.] A sedan-chair, supfour men. (East Indies.)

jăm-pǎn-ée', s. [Eng. jampan; -ee.] One of the bearers of a jampan.

jăm -rōş-āde, s. [Sansc. jambu=the rose apple and Lat. rosa, with suff. -ade (?).] Bot.: The rose-apple (q. v.).

jăn, s. [Arab.] An inferior demon.

jăn ca, s. [A Spanish West Indian word.] janca-tree, s.

Bot.: Amyris toxifera.

*Jāne (1), *Jean, s. [A corrupt. of GENOA.]
1. A coin of Genoa; a small coin.
2. [JEAN.]

Jāne (2), s. [Fr. Jeanne, the fem. of Jean=
John.] A woman's name.

jane-of-apes, s. The female counterpart of Jackanapes (q. v.); a pert, forward girl.

jǎn-ga-da, s. [Port.] A kind of raft-boat used in Brazil and Peru.

jangler, a word of imitative origin; cf. Dut, jangalen jǎn-gle. *gan-gle, *jăn-gly, v. i. & t. [O. Fr. to importune, from janken to howl: Low Ger. janken to yelp like a dog; Lat. gannio-to yelp, to talk loudly.]

2. James, the son of Alphæus, also an apostle (Matt. x. 3; Mark iii. 18; Luke vi. 15; Acts i. 13). It has been greatly debated whether James, the Ja māi-can, s. & a. [Eng., &c., Jamaic(a); suff. Lord's brother," mentioned in Gal. i. 19, was the same with the son of Alphæus. If in this passage the -an.] word "apostle" is used in its usual technical sense, they are clearly identified, for there were only two Jameses apostles. If used in a loose sense, they may have been different. A James, probably the same one, "seemed to be" a "pillar," like Cephas and John (Gal. ii. 9). This James apparently had strong Jewish proclivities, finding fault with those Jewish Christians who ate with Gentile converts (Gal. ii. 12). It was probably he who presided over father; wě, wět, hëre, camel, her, thêre;

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