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6. What are courts of admiralty?

Courts which have jurisdiction over cases of captures and seizures at sea, and all civil and criminal maritime cases.

7. Have the United States courts of admiralty? The District Courts have admiralty powers.

8. When has the Supreme Court original juris. diction?

"In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction." — Art. III. § 2. 2.

9. What is meant by “vriginal jurisdiction” in these cases?

Suits relating to them may be commenced in the first instance in the Supreme Court.

10. How do all other cases come before the Supreme Court?

By appeal from the Circuit Courts.

11. What does the Constitution say on this point? "In all other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make."- Art. III. § 2. 2.

12. May appeals be taken from the state courts to the national courts?

They may. The Supreme Court has from time to time sustained the right to such appeals.

13. What other courts are there under the control of the United States?

There is the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, and the courts established in the terri tories of the United States.

14. Are the territorial courts regarded as a part of the national judiciary?

They are not.

15. Is the right of trial by jury preserved in all of these courts?

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The trial of all crimes, except in cases of inpeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed in any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed."-Art. III. § 2. 3. 16. What evil is here guarded against?

That of trying a man at a great distance from the scene of his alleged crime, and where, if innocent, it would be difficult to prove his innocence.

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1. What is the definition of treason given by the Constitution?

"Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort."- Art. 11. § 3. 1.

2. What testimony is necessary to convict one of treuson?

"No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court."—Art. III. § 3. 1

3. Who is to declare the punishment of treason, and how is that punishment limited?

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Congress shall have power to declare the pun. ishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted." Art. III. § 3. 2.

4. What punishment for treason has Congress imposed?

Death by hanging.

5. What is the provision of the Constitution in regard to public acts, records, &c.

"Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state, and the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.". Art. IV. § 1. 1.

6. What privileges are guaranteed to the citizens of each state?

"The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states." Art. IV. § 2. 1.

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7. Does this mean that a citizen of Massachusetts is entitled, when in South Carolina, to all the rights and privileges he enjoyed in Massachusetts?

It means that he is entitled in South Carolina to all the rights and privileges enjoyed by the citizens of that state.

8. What is the provision of the Constitution respecting fugitives from justice?

"A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice,

and be found in another state, shall, on the demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime."- Art. IV. § 2. 2.

9. By whom may new states be admitted into the Union, and what limitations are there to the power of admission?

"New states may be admitted by Congress into the Union; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of Congress."- Art. IV. § 3. 1.

10. What is the power of Congress over the territories?

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Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state."- Art. IV. § 3. 2.

CHAPTER XXII.

MODE OF MAKING AMENDMENTS. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION.

1. What does the Constitution guarantee to every state?

"The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence." Art. IV. § 4. 1.

2. Suppose there should be an armed opposition to the laws of a state by a portion of the people of that state, would it be the duty of the President and of Congress to interfere?

It would be their duty to furnish aid in enforcing the laws, on application of the legislature, or of the governor when the legislature cannot be convened.

3. Suppose the majority of the people of a state should attempt to establish a monarchy?

It would be the duty of the United States gov ernment to put down the attempt; for the United States are bound to guarantee to every state in the Union a republican form of government.

4. In what ways may the Constitution be amended? "Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution; or, on the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendment?, which, in either case.

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