British cabinet, 89. Mr. Hartley's history of the proceedings for promo- ting a negotiation for, 118. Mr. Liv- ingston's suggestions respecting the general terms of, 128. Extent to which the units of the United States should be determined in a treaty of, 129. And to which the fisheries should be enjoyed by the United States, 135. Impolicy of making stip- ulations in favor of the loyalists in a treaty of, 139. No negotiations to be opened by the American commission- ers without the concurrence of France, 141. Messrs. Franklin, Adams, Lau- rens, and Jay authorized by a special commission to treat of, 143. Mr. Hartley's explanation of his proposi- tion for a separate treaty, that it was to be inade with the consent of the allies of the United States, 149. His supposed cases in which the United States might treat separately, 151. That the first step towards a, must be taken by Great Britain, 165. Dispo- sition of the British ministry favor- able to, 168. Little probability that negotiations will be soon entered on for, 177. Mr. Digges's mission in reference to, 179. Mr. Hartley's in- quiry as to the authority of the Amer- ican commissioners to treat, 181. De- sired in England, 184. Mr. Digges's interview with Mr. Adams, 186. ject of his mission, 191. Dilatory con- duct of Great Britain in reference to, 193. American commissioners ready to treat, 195. Reconciliation more than, 196. Mr. Forth's mission in reference to, 204. Separate treaty for, proposed to France by Great Britain, and declined, 205. Insincerity of Lord North's ministry in their pro- ceedings in reference to, 208. Canada offered to France, to induce her tc treat separately, 210. Proper mode of seeking, 218. Journal of the ne- gotiation for, with Great Britain, 238. Franklin's letter to Lord Shelburne, 239; who sends to him Mr. Os- wald to institute proceedings for a, 240. Lord Shelburne's ministry so- licitous for, 242, 243. Count de Ver- gennes's view as to the place and mode of treating, 246. Franklin's notes for conversation with Mr. Os- wald respecting, 250. Not likely to be durable without reconciliation, 253. France insists on a general, not a particular, 255. The idea of a separate, still cherished by the British ministry, 257, 258. Mr. Os- wald commissioned to settle the pre- liminaries of a general, 255. Mr.
Grenville also commissioned by Mr. Fox, 267. Mr. Oswald's want of ex- plicitness, 269, 270. England willing to treat for a general, 272. Cession required of France as a condition of acknowledging American Indepen dence, 273. Paris agreed on, as the place of treating for, 277. Release of American prisoners a step towards, 283. Mr. Laurens declines acting under the commission for, 287. ficulty of negotiating a popular, 200. Mr. Hartley's interview with Lord Shelburne on the subject of, 294. Copy of the preliminaries left by him with Lord Shelburne, 296. Mr. Gren- ville declares himself fully commis- sioned to treat for, with France and her allies, 297. His commission ap- plicable only to France, 299. Lord Shelburne's distrust of the professions of the French cabinet in favor of, 303. Mr. Grenville's explanation of the deficiency in his commission, 305. His view as to the resolution of the American commissioners not to treat without their allies, 306, 310. Neces- sary to Great Britain, 311. Lord Shelburne's declaration of his sincer- ity in regard to negotiating for, 313. Act to enable the King to conclude a, with the United States, 314. The American commissioners not author- ized to make stipulations in favor of the loyalists, 315. Mediation of Rus- sia declined by Holland, 317. Im- possibility of the United States treat- ing separately for, 323. Mr. Grenville declares himself fully commissioned to treat with France, and any other Prince or State, 331. And to declare the independence of America previ- ous to the treaty for, 332. Count de Vergennes satisfied with Mr. Gren- ville's powers, 335. Authority and character of Mr. Oswald and Mr. Grenville, 336. Progress of the ne- gotiation for, 340. Objection to Mr. Grenville's commission, 345. Of the attempt to treat for, in the United States, by General Carleton, 348. Its danger, 349. Delay in the opening of the negotiation, 351. Prominent points of the treaty for, as proposed and insisted on by Franklin, before any communication between the Brit- ish and the other American commis- sioners, 354. Continued delay in opening the negotiation, 360. treaty for, to be made, except on the basis of independence, 362, 364. Re- specting an intended reserve in the grant of independence, 367. Count de Vergennes's doubt of the sincerity
of the British ministry in proposing a negotiation of, 373. Mr. Oswald's commission to treat for, 376. Mr. Jay's view as to the grant of indepen- dence prior to a, 377; and in regard to the claims of the loyalists, 378. Delay in opening the negotiation for, 385. Franklin's view as to the mode of granting independence, 388. Sin- cerity of the British ministry in refer- ence to, 396. Mr. Oswald instructed to make American independence the first article in the treaty of, 402. But not to cede it without a truce or trea- ty, 403. The fisheries proposed by Franklin as an essential article in a treaty of, 404. Agreed, that indepen- dence shall stand as an article of trea- ty, 407. Sincerity of both parties in desiring, 410. Objections to the ne- gotiation for, removed, 414. Progress of the negotiation, 417. Of the ex- tent to which the right to the fisher- ies should be conceded, 424. Impos- sibility of admitting an article for in- demnifying the loyalists, 432. liminary articles of, between the United States and Great Britain, agreed on, 435. History of the ne- gotiation, 439. Preliminary articles of, between France and England, agreed on, 442. Of the treaty of, with Sweden, 443. Count de Ver- gennes's complaint, that the prelimi naries between the United States and Great Britain were signed without communication with the French cab- inet, 449. Not to be concluded be- tween England and America without the concurrence of France, 450. Count de Vergennes's remarks to M. de la Luzerne upon the same sub- ject, 452. Progress of the treaties with other powers, 455. Refusal of the French court to conclude a treaty of, till the American commissioners were satisfied, 453. Not yet conclud- ed between France and England, 462. Nor between England and the United States, 463. Proposed article in the treaty of, relative to privateering, 469. Preliminaries signed between France, Spain, and England, 473. Terins of the, not approved in England, 489. Franklin's remarks on them, 499. Reason of the delay of the definitive treaties of, 513. Preliminaries of, be- tween England and Holland not yet signed, 525. Delay of the negotia- tions, 523. Franklin's justification of the signing of the treaty of, without communicating t to the French court, 532. Definitive treaty of, ratified, X.
19, 37. Treaty of, ratified by Con-
gress, 56. Remarks on it, 70. Rati- fications exchanged, 87. Of alleged defects of form in the ratification, 94, 96, 97. Of the ratification, 100. PEMBERTON, ISRAEL, his account of Franklin's energy in promoting Brad- dock's expedition, VII. 96. PENET, agent of Virginia, absconds, IX. 448.
PENN, GRENVILLE, allusion to his char- ter, VII. 273.
PENN, JOHN, his proclamation respect ing the massacre of the Conestogo Indians, IV. 57. His second procla- mation, 60.
PENN, SPRINGET, some account of, VII. 227.
PENN, THOMAS, his subscription to the academy, VII. 81. His conduct to his nephew, 227.
His account of Franklin's conduct in England, 243. See Proprietaries of Pennsylvania. PENN, WILLIAM, anecdote of, I. 153. Charter granted to, III. 98. Its ori- gin, 116. Its provisions, 117. His first frame of government, 121. His reservation of quitrents, 123. His sec- ond frame of government, and mo- tives which induced its acceptance, 126. Goes to England, leaving the government in the hands of com- missioners, 128. Difficulties arising during his absence. His constitu- tion of government declared to be at variance with that of the King and Queen, 137. Remonstrance of the Assembly to, 142. Returns to Penn- sylvania and resumes the government, 147. Establishes a new form of elec- tion, 148. Old Assembly dissolved and new summoned, 149. Aid granted to, 150. His speech to the Assembly, 151. Charter of privileges granted by him to the inhabitants of Pennsyl vania and territories, 154. Account of this charter, 156. Accepted by the province, but rejected by the territo- ries, 157. Representation of the As- sembly to, 168. His resentment, 179. Remonstrance of the Assembly, 182. His death, 188. His relation to the province, 197. Consequence of his being the sole purchaser of Indian lands, 197. His treaty with the Con- estogo Indians, IV. 54. His charac- ter, 93. His contract for the sale of his proprietary right to the crown, 125. Of the various portraits of, VII. 190. His family referred to, 273. PENNINGTON, EDWARD, VII. 226. Pennsylvania, abstract of a law of, re- lative to paper money, II. 277. Effect of that money on her prosperity, 343. Her legislation respecting debts of
foreigners, 506. Serious considera- tions on the present state of the prov- ince of, III. 1. Necessity of some provision for the defence of, 5. Dan- ger from the Indians, 8. Probable ef- fect of an invasion of, 13. Spirit of the rich in respect to defence, 16. Her effective military strength, 18. Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of, 106. Union with the territory of the three Lower Coun- ties, 116. Assumption of the gov ernment of, by the King and Queen in 1693, 135. Administration of the government by Colonel Fletcher, governor of New York, 136; who declares the constitution of the King and Queen's government, and that of Penn, hostile to each other, 137. Threatens to annex the province to New York, 138. New act of settle- ment of the government, under the administration of William Markham,
The government resumed by Penn, 147. Assembly chosen accord- ing to a new model, 148. Dissolved, and a new one convened, 149. Con- firmation of property and aids to the governor granted, 150. Another As- sembly convened, 150. Penn's char- ter of privileges to the inhabitants of, and those of the territories, 154. Ac- cepted by the province, but rejected by the territories, 157. Evans ap- pointed governor of, 160. Vain at- tempt to reunite the province and ter- ritories, 161. Penn's interest in the province left at his death in the hands of trustees, 189. Easily governed, if well governed, 193. First issue of paper money in, 201. Grant made by the Assembly of, for the expedi tion against Carthagena, 210. And to forward the project against Louis- burg and against Canada, 212. Act for the issue of bills of credit passed by the Assembly of, 279. Arrival of Governor Morris in, and his first speech to the Assembly, 281. The Assembly called on by the governor to take measures for the security of the back inhabitants of, 386. Propo- sition of certain gentlemen of Phila- delphia to subscribe a sum in lieu of the proprietary portion of the tax, 389. Appropriation by the Assembly to arm the back inhabitants, 393. Controversy between the Assembly and the governor concerning the roads opened by the province for the King's forces, 400. Reconvocation of the Assembly, in consequence of an ap. prehended invasion of the French and Indians, 415. A sum granted for the
King's use, to be struck in bills of credit, 421. Indian trade bill passed, 431. Resolutions of the Assembly, respecting their power of granting supplies to the crown, 454. Indian trade bill rejected by the governor, 456. Sir W. Johnson's treaty with the Six Nations laid before the As- sembly, 471. Attempt of the gover- nor, to involve the province in war with the Indians, 471. Bill for sup ply by the emission of bills of credit, 489. Another, 490. Message of the governor to the Assembly, respecting Indian affairs, 493. Governor Morris superseded by Governor Denny, 506. Controversy between the governor and Assembly, respecting a bill for a supply for the King's use, to be sunk by an excise, 518. Representation of the Assembly to the Proprietaries, re- specting Indian expenses, 535. Wil liam Franklin's refutation of anony- mous abuse of the inhabitants of, 564. Account of sundry sums paid by, for the King's service, 571. List of the governors, deputy governors, and pres- idents of, 576. Table exhibiting the extent of the commerce of, IV. 39. Argument in favor of changing the proprietary government of, into a roy al one, 78. Petition to the King for that purpose, 93. Report in the As- sembly relative to taxing the estate of the Proprietaries, 117. Resolution of the Assembly in favor of a royal government, 121. Number of peti- tioners in favor of the measure, 123. Remarks on a late Protest against the Appointment of Mr. Franklin as Agent of, 143. Of taxation in, 162. Of the population of, 165. Of the commerce of, 166. Rates of exchange in. 167. Address of the Assembly of, to Frank- lin, on his return from France, V. 137. Queries and remarks concerning al terations in the constitution of, 163. Origin of the association for the de- fence of, VII. 20. Character and hab- its of the Germans in, 71. Their influx into the country, 73. Preju- dices existing in England against, 175. Amount of parliamentary grants to, 204. Of party violence in, 268. Alarm in at the news of the rejection of the petition of the Assembly, 284. Of paper money in, 368. Franklin elected President of, X. 245, 303, 337. See Pennsylvania, Assembly of Pennsylvania, Assembly of, act of, drawn by Franklin, relative to a vol untary militia, III. 78. Report of the committee of aggrievances of the, 97. Their controversies with the proprie.
tary governors, 124. Their firmness, 129. Their reply to governor Black- well, 132. Their protest on the sub- ject of passing bills, 140. Insist on their right to appropriate as well as raise money, 143. Elected according to a new model, 148. Dissolved, and a new one convened, 149. Confirma- tion of property and aids granted to the governor by, 150. Another con- vened, 150. Penn's speech to the, 151. Their controversy with gover- nor Evans, 161. Heads of complaint entered in their minutes, as the ground of a representation to the Proprietary, 164. Governor Evans communicates to them Penn's resentment, in conse- quence of the representation, 179. Their reply, 180. Charter of privi- leges referred to by the governor, as the only rule of government, and their reply, 181. Their remonstrances to the Proprietary, 182. New controver- sies with Governor Gookin, 185. Their grant for the expedition against Carthagena, 210. Their proceeding in consequence of the enlistment of servants, 211. Their grant for the project against Louisburg and against Canada, 212. Their difficulty with the Proprietaries respecting the charges for Indian affairs, 214. Their bill extending the issue of paper nega. tived by Governor Hamilton, 217. Reply of the Proprietaries to, respect- ing the charges of Indian affairs, 219. Currency bill again sent by the, to the governor, 226; and accepted by him with a suspending clause, 231; which is rejected by them, 232. Their resolution respecting the re- emission of the paper currency, 250. Called on by the governor, for sup plies for the French war, 255. They admit the necessity of supplies, and ask his assent to the currency bill, 257. New message of the governor to the, relative to the paper money instructions, 259. Proposes an ad- journment, to which the governor ob- jects, 263. Adjourn, and are again convened by him, 264. Adjourn again, 265, and reassemble, 266. Their bill for an aid to the King returned, with amendments, by the governor, 267. Their proceeding in consequence, 267. Reply of the gov ernor, 270. Their resolutions in re- gard to the extent of their powers, 272. Adjourn, 276; and are re-con- vened by special summons, 277. Pro- ceedings of the commissioners at Al- bany laid before them by the gover nor, 278. Act passed by, for the is
sue of bills of credit, 279. Not as- sented to by the governor, 280. Gov- ernor Morris's first speech to the, 231, His message to the, relative to the proceedings of the French, 285. Cur- rency bill sent to him by the, 287. His reply, 288. Refuses his assent in consequence of instructions given to a preceding governor, and the attor- ney-general's opinion, 291. Their re- ply, denying the force of his reason- ing, and asking to see his instructions, 293. They also ask his assent to the money bill, 297. He declines assent- ing to the bill, 297; and evades their request as to the instructions, 300. Their right to make the demand de- nied by the governor, 302. Their re- ply, denying that the proprietary in- structions were binding on the gov- ernor, 307; and attributing to them the failure of the bill, 308. His reply, 317. Their appeal to the crown, 322.
He asks a copy of their minutes, 320. Reassembled in consequence of the arrival of General Braddock, 326. His message complaining that the minutes are not sent, 328. Their reply, 329. Vote money, to be raised by emitting paper, 334. The governor refuses his assent, 334. But asks an appropria- tion to defray the expense of an In- dian treaty, 335. Mr. Quincy's me- morial to, relative to the supplies, 336. A sum voted by the, and his acknowl- edgment, 338. Their bill rejected by the governor, 338; who revives the old controversy by another message, 341. Their reply, 341. Their pres- ents to British officers acknowledged, 357. Governor's message, requiring them to furnish Braddock with pro- visions, 357. They ask for Brad dock's letter, 358. They send up two money bills, 360. The governor re- fuses to communicate the letter, 361; and rejects the money bills, 365. Adjourn, and are reconvened in con sequence of Braddock's defeat, 366. They vote an aid of 50,000 pounds, 363. The governor returns the bill with amendinents, exempting the pro- prietary estate from taxation, 371. His reasons, 372. Their rejoinder, 374. He adheres to his amendments, 385. He calls on them, to provide for the security of the back inhabi- tants, 386. Their bill again rejected, 393. They make an appropriation for arming the back inhabitants, 393. The old controversy renewed by the governor, 399; who begins a new one, concerning the roads opened by the province for the King's forces, 400
A new, convened, 413. They adjourn because the governor declines to com- municate information, 414. And are reconvened, in consequence of an ap- prehended invasion of the French and Indians, 415. Aid granted by, to be struck in bills of credit, 421. They pass an Indian trade bill, 431. Aid bill rejected by the governor, 435. They prepare a militia bill, 439. Gov. ernor's message on the topics of con- troversy, 440. Their reply, 446. And resolutions respecting their power to grant supplies, 454. Indian trade bill rejected by the governor, 456. Their resolution thereon, 460. Their mes- sage, on the enlistment of servants, 465. Adhere to the Indian trade bill, and bill continuing the excise, 469. Treaty with the Six Nations laid be- fore them, 471. The governor asks for further supplies, 473. Adjourn and are reassembled, 476. Urge the passage of the Indian trade bill, 481. Six members resign their seats, 482. New election ordered, 483. The gov- ernor continues to reject the Indian trade and excise bills, 487. Their
bill for a supply, by emitting bills of credit, 489. Another, 490. And for the exportation of provisions for the King's service, 492. Governor Den- ny communicates to them a portion of the proprietary instructions, 510. Their bill for a supply, 518. His ob- jections, 519. Their reply, 520. Their bill rejected by him, 524. Their res- olutions relative to the proprietary in- structions, 525. Pass a new supply bill, with a protest against the in- struction, 527. Commodore Spry's testimony in their belief, 530. Their representation to the Proprietaries, re- lative to Indian expenses, 535. Their resolution in favor of a royal govern- ment, IV. 121. Their address to Franklin, on his return from France, V. 137. Difficulty between them and the Proprietors, 250.
Pennsylvania Fireplace, account of the, VI. 34. Described, 44. Manner of using it, 50. Its advantages, 52. Saving of fuel by, 54. Other advan- tages, 55. Difference between it and the Dutch, 56. How to be set up, 60. Pennsylvania Hospital, Franklin's agen- cy in founding, I. 164-167. Its suc- cess referred to, VII. 314. Pennsylvania Society for Abolishing Sla- very, its Address to the Public, II. 515. Again mentioned, X. 320. Penobscot River, plan of accommoda- tion mentioned, relative to towns set. tled east of the, VII. 544.
Perspiration, remarks on, VI. 65. Whether it proceeds at the same time with absorption, 66. PETERS, RICHARD, his correspondence with the Proprietaries mentioned, VII. 20.
Petition of the Left Hand, II. 183. Petition of the Letter Z, VI. 304. Petition to the King, to change the pro- prietary government of Pennsylvan- ia into a royal one, IV. 93. For the removal of the governors, IV. 430. VIII. 22.
PETTY, SIR WILLIAM, his construction of a double vessel, VI. 474. Philadelphia, serious considerations on the present state of, III. 1. Stated as the place of meeting of the colonial legislature under the plan of union, 41. Facility of access to, from the several colonies, 42. Proposition of gentlemen of, for a subscription in lieu of the proprietary portion of a tax, 389. Remonstrances of the May- or of, to the Assembly, 445. Of yel- low fever in, VII. 41. Of a memo- rial from, to the merchants and man- ufacturers of Great Britain, 302. Com- pliment paid to Franklin in, for his agency in the repeal of the Stamp Act, 319.
Philadelphia Academy, observations re- lative to the real intentions of the founders of the, II. 133. Subscrip- tions for the, VII. 108. Philocles, Dialogue between Horatio and, concerning Virtue and Pleasure, II. 46. Second Dialogue upon the same subject, 51.
Philosopher's Stone, suggestion respect ing the, VIII. 198. Philosophical Society, in Philadelphia, account of the, 1. 319. VI. 28.
American Philosophical Society. Philosophical Treatise, Colden's, re- ferred to, VI. 94. Mode of its pub
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