NOTES UPON THE EVANGELIA. 3 a OBSERVE the general rules for construing (No. 1) and read In principio erat Sermo, this being the first stop that follows the finite verb, i. e. a verb of every mood except the infinitive. Look for the verb, which is erat, and being of the 3 per. sing. shews its nominative case to be some substantive sing. expressed or understood (for only a substantive, pronoun, or some sentence in their stead, can govern the 3 per. sing.) Here the nom. is expressed, sermo, which is to be construed first, (No. 2 in the sentence, and as there is nothing agreeing with it pass on (No. 3) to the verb, erat, preterimperf. of the auxiliar verb Sum to be. Nothing else occurs but the preposition with its case, in principio. Look the words out in the above order, and the sentence is thus rendered. Sermo the Word erat was in principio in the beginning. Obs. if there be a nom. expressed before the verb, omit the english pronoun, as in the present sentence, erat was, and not he was. Also, that the preposition must be read with its case, before the english of either is given, as in principio in the beginning, and not in in, principio the beginning. This is the literal sense of the words, and may be improved by observing the last clause of (No. 4) thus. In principio erat sermo, in the beginning was the Word. Next observe the rules for parsing. Parse the words as they stand. In a prep. serving to the abl. case principio. (See the list of Prep. in the Accidence. Principio from principium, a noun sub. of the 2nd decl. because its genitive, as seen in the vocabulary ends in i; of the neuter gender, by the rule, "Omne quod exit in um" that is, every noun ending in um, in the nom. sing. not included in the foregoing rules is of the neuter gender. Decline principium like regnum, and say principio is the abl. case governed by the preposition in. Erat from Sum an irregular verb for the preterperfect of 3 which there is no rule in the "As in præsenti;” but the Is that (Word) erat was in principio in the beginning Omnia all things, facta sunt were made per eum by him. 3 66 See declensions of irregular verbs in the Accidence. Rule for its pret. "Fio factus" under the verbs neut. passive; Fio, fis, factus sum vel fui, fieri, factus, faciendus." (Here it is desirable that in this as inevery other verb the first person of every tense through all the moods should be repeated.) Facta sunt is the pret. indic. mood, 3 pers. plural, agreeing with its nom. negotia. "Verbum personale :" if its nom. had been mas culine it would have been facti, if feminine, factæ, but as it is neuter, facta, the word factus being declined like bonus. The pret. passive is generally rendered as if it were the preterimp. as here, were made, and not have been made. Et and nihil nothing factum est was made absque eo without that (Word) quod which factum sit was made. Ea abl. from is agreeing with sermone understood. "Adjectiva participia." Factum est from fio as before; pret. indic. mood, agreeing with nihil. "Verbum personale." Nihil noun subst. undeclined, and consequently the neuter gender: "Sic invariabile nomen:" nom. to factum est. Quod from qui, quæ, quod: quod agrees in gender, number, and person, with its antecedent nihil: "Relativum cum antecedente": and is the nom. to factum sit. Factum sit from fio, is the subjunctive mood, which when rendered into English is to be construed as if of the same tense indicative mood: not should have been made, but was made. N. B. In construing this sentence, see No. 9 in the rules for construing, and take the words thus, Nihil quod factum sit, factum est absque eo; or by the last clause of No. 4 in the same rules; Absque eo factum est nihil quod factum sit : In both ways the relative and its antecedent are united. This rule must be particularly observed, because the stop, as in the present sentence, is omitted between the relative and antecedent. In eo in that (Word) erat was vita life. (See last clause of No. 4 in construing) et and vita the life erat was lux the light hominum of men. Vota is a noun subst. of the 1st declension, and as there are no more syllables in the gen. than in the nom. it is feminine by "Nomen non crescens genitivo." Lux 3rd declension, fem. Syllaba acuta sonat," because it increases long, and is the nom. 3 after erat: "Verba substantiva." Hominum from homo, increasing short, is among the "nouns common excepted, "præsul, homo, nemo," gen. plur. latter of two substantives, of which lux is the former; “Quum duo substantira.” • Et and lux the light lucet shineth in tenebris in darkness, nec nor tenebræ hath the darkness comprehenderunt comprehended eam it. Et conj. lux as before, nom. case singular to the verb lucet; lucet from luceo, a verb neuter of 2nd conjugation, because it has e long before re, in the infinitive mood lucere. See the 2nd conjugation in the "As in præsenti" where this verb is an exception : "luceo vult luxi," the preterperfect ending in xi. I find no exception under the "xi fit ctum," the supine would therefore be luctum, but on looking at the "verbs which seldom have a supine," I find luceo one of them, "sic luceo et arceo." Conjugate it thus, luceo, luces, luxi, lucere, lucendi, lucendo, lucendum, (supinis caret, i.e. it is without supines) lucens. Obs. when a verb has no supines, it has no future in rus, and no preterperfect, and its derivative tenses in the passive voice. is the indic. mood, present tense, 3 pers. sing. and agrees with its nom. case lux. "Verbum personale.” Tenebris from tenebræ, a noun without a singular, like musa, abl. plur. governed by the prep. in. Eam from is, ea, id, agrees with lucem, (understood) and is the acc, governed by comprehenderunt. Comprehenderunt from comprehendo verb act. of the 3rd conj. “Do fit di, di fit sum;" compounded of con and prehendo, (con pro cum.) Comprehenderunt is the ind. mood, preterperf. tense, 3d per. plur. and agrees with its nom. tenebræ, Lucet 1 Fuit there was homo a man missus sent à Deo from God. Johannes is put in apposition to homo; " Duo substantiva rei ejusdem." Is he venit came oò testimonium for a testimony, ut that testaretur he might testify de luce of or concerning the light, ut that omnes all (men) crederent might believe per cum through him. Is agrees with homo, and is the nom. to venit. Venit from venio, verb neut. of the 4th conjug. "Venio dans veni." "Veniventum." Venio, venis, veni, venire, veniendi, veniendo, veniendum, ventum, ventu, veniens, venturus. Venit the preter. tense indic. mood, 3 pers. sing, and agrees with is. Testaretur from testor, a verb deponent of the 1st conj. Testor, testaris, vel testare, testatus sum vel fui, testari, testandi, testando, testandum, testatum, testatu, testans, testaturus, testatus, testandus. Testaretur potential mood, 3 pers. sing. and agrees with its nom. ille understood; "Nominativus pronominum raro." Omnes from omnis, adj. of two terminations; "Sub gemina," agrees with homines men, understood, and is the nom. to crederent. Crederent from credo, a compound of do. Natum a do quando." Thėšė verbs make the supine in itum: Credo, credis, credidi, credere, credendi, credendo, credendum, creditum, creditu, credens, crediturus. Crederent potential mood, preterimp. tense 3 pers. plur. and agrees with omnes. h Ille he non erat was not ipsa lux the light itself, sed but qui (a man) who testaretur might testify de luce of the light. Qui the pronoun relative, agrees with its antecedent homo understood, and is the nom. to testaretur. i Ipsa that erat was vera lux the true light quæ which collustrat enlighteneth omnem hominem every man venientem coming in mundum into the world. Collustrat from collustro, verb act. of the 1st conjug. " As in præsenti perfectum," "vi fit tum,": collustrat is the indicative mood, present tense, 3 pers. sing. and agrees with its nom. case quæ ; "Verbum personale;" Venientem a participle from venio, of the fourth conjug. "Venio dans veni, veni ventum;" (see g) veniens being declined like felix, makes venientem acc. sing. to agree with hominem: "Adjectiva participia." Mundum acc. of mundus, a noun masculine of of the 2nd decl. "in os vel us;" mundum |