On the Archetype and Homologies of the Vertebrate SkeletonVan Voorst, 1848 - 203 Seiten |
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
abdominal Agassiz alisphenoid anatomist anchylosed animals anthropotomy apophyses archetype articular articulated atlas batrachians birds body bony called canal capsule cartilage cartilaginous caudal cavity centres centrum cervical cervical vertebræ cetacea character chelonians coalesce connections cranial bones cranial vertebræ cranium crocodile Cuvier distal distinct bone diverging appendage dorsal endoskeleton essential ethmoid exoccipital expanded foramen frontal vertebra Geoffroy hæmal arch hæmal spine hæmapophyses homology homotypes human hyoid lepidosiren mammalian mammals mastoid maxillary modifications nasal vertebra neural arch neural spine neurapophyses notochord occipital vertebra Oken olfactory nerves opercular orbitosphenoids osseous fishes ossicles ossified parapophyses parietal vertebra perforated petrosal physes pieces plate portion posterior prefrontals primitive recognised regard relation reptiles retain ribs rudimental sacral sacrum scapular scapular arch serial skeleton skull special homology sphenoid squamosal supraoccipital suture temporal term thorax transverse processes trunk tympanic typical vertebra vertebral column vertebral elements vertebral segments Vertebrata vomer
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 7 - ANALOGUE." — A part or organ in one animal which has the same function as another part or organ in a different animal.
Seite 7 - ... correspondency of a part or organ, determined by its relative position and connections, with a part or organ in a different animal ; the determination of which homology indicates that such animals are constructed on a common lype: when, for example, the correspondence of the basilar process of the human occipital bone with the distinct bone called ' basi-occipital' in a fish or crocodile is shown, the special homology of that process is determined.
Seite 76 - He becomes the true discoverer who establishes the truth : and the sign of the proof is the general acceptance. Whoever, therefore, resumes the investigation of a neglected or repudiated doctrine, elicits its true demonstration, and discovers and explains the nature of the errors which have led to its tacit or declared rejection, may calmly and confidently await the acknowledgments of his rights in its discovery.
Seite 74 - ... of the trunk. He informs us that walking one day in the Hartz forest, he stumbled upon the blanched skull of a deer, picked up the partially dislocated bones, and contemplating them for a while, the truth flashed across his mind, and he exclaimed
Seite 105 - ... in order to ascertain the true number of bones in each species, we must descend to the primitive osseous centres as they are manifested in the foetus. But according to this rule we should count the humerus as three bones and the femur as four * Annities du Museum, txp 344.
Seite 163 - ... the same bone' as the humerus of another individual or species. In the instance of serial homology above-cited, the femur, though repeating in its segment the humerus in the more advanced segment, is not its namesake, not properly, therefore, its ' homologue '. I propose, therefore, to call the bones so related serially in the same skeleton
Seite 72 - ... little soever practised in such inquiries, cannot but be struck with the amount of concordance in those results. It must surely appear a most remarkable circumstance to one acquainted only with the osteology of the human frame, that so many bones should be, by the common consent of comparative anatomists, determinate in the skull of every animal down to tho lowest osseous fish. This fact alone, so significant of the unity of plan pervading the vertebrate structure, has...
Seite 73 - The cranium of the bird, which is composed in the adult of a single bone, is ossified from the same number of points as in the human embryo, without the possibility of a similar purpose being subserved thereby, in the extrication of the chick from the fractured egg-shell. The composite structure is repeated in the minute and prematurely-born embryo of the marsupial quadrupeds. Moreover, in the bird and marsupial, as in the human subject, the different points of ossification have the same relative...
Seite 5 - J." The French anatomist, however, seems not rightly to define the sense in which the German philosophers have used the term : there is a looseness in the expression ' analogous in their mode of development,' which may mean either identical or similar, and also different kinds of similarity. Parts are homologous in the sense in which the term is used in this Report, which are not always similarly developed: thus the 'pars occipitalis stricte sic dicta,
Seite 82 - In the tails of most reptiles and mammals, the haemapophyses (as in fig. 14) are articulated or anchylosed to the under part of the centrum ; space being needed there only for the caudal artery and vein. But where the central organ of circulation is to be lodged, an expansion of the haemal arch takes place, analogous to that which the neural arches of the cranial vertebrae present for the lodgment of the brain. Accordingly in the thorax, the pleurapophyses (fig.