They have also recommended that we use an adhesive binding, which is a much more modern-type binding. This increases machine utilization and decreases personnel utilization, but mainly speeds up the

service.

Mr. ANDREWS. What priorities do you place on congressional printing and binding as related to work with the executive branch? Mr. SPENCE. It's surely No. 1, completely.

Mr. ANDREWS. That is the reason we established the Printing Office.

Mr. SPENCE. Without a doubt. The other work was ordered into the GPO as a filler so the GPO could operate on an efficient basis 12 months a year in the days when Congress was not in session 12 months a year.

Mr. ANDREWS. Is congressional work done primarily on the night shift?

Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir. I am making a change in that, because of the large amount of work that has been coming in late in the evening for "7:30 delivery must." We are working with the committees, and the committees are working with us, in getting copy over so that we can actually set a lot of this material on the dayside. So instead of having two printing offices, a congressional nightside and an executive dayside, we will farm out more of the executive work that is produced in the daytime and do more congressional work on the dayside.

Mr. ANDREWS. Then consideration is being given to assigning more legislative branch work to the day shift and contracting out more executive branch work?

Mr. SPENCE. Very definitely, sir. We are doing exactly that. We are working with the committees and they are working with us to get congressional copy over to us during the day. We set it during the day and then we are able to run it in the early evening.

EXPENDITURES FOR INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVES

Mr. ANDREWS. How do you arrive at the amount of $3,500 for entertainment allowance?

Mr. SPENCE. That was an estimate based on what I had spent outof-pocket projected over a year's period. I looked at the amounts allowed other agencies similar to mine. For example, this figure has been authorized for the Comptroller General.

Mr. ANDREWS. Of course, if we gave it to you, that doesn't mean that you have to spend it all.

Mr. SPENCE. That is correct.

Mr. ANDREWS. If you don't spend it all, it will revert back to the revolving fund?

Mr. SPENCE. That is right.

Mr. ANDREWS. You want to take it out of the revolving fund, don't you?

Mr. SPENCE. Correct, sir.

COST PER PAGE OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD

Mr. ANDREWS. What is the current cost per page for producing the Congressional Record? What costs do you project for fiscal year 1972?

Mr. SPENCE. Currently, sir, $128 for fiscal year 1971 and we project $140 for fiscal year 1972.

Mr. ANDREWS. Does that mean just one side of the page or two sides? Mr. SPENCE. One side, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. So a page in a Congressional Record costs us $256. Mr. SPENCE. Correct, sir; a sheet, a leaf printed both sides.

Mr. ANDREWS. A sheet?

Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir. I might add, if you will look at today's Record, for example, the amount of tabular material being submitted for inclusion in the Record has increased tremendously. This, of course, adds definitely to the cost.

INCREASE IN PRINTING COSTS FOR CONGRESSIONAL RECORD

Mr. ANDREWS. Why has this cost increased so rapidly within the last few years? Back in 1965 the cost of the Congressional Record per page was $108. Now you have it projected for 1972 at $140.

Mr. SPENCE. As I say, the general makeup of the Record itself has necessitated a more expensive method of typesetting. The cost of paper is up. The cost of labor is up. I might add, the number of pages are up tremendously.

Mr. ANDREWS. I would think that the more pages you had the cheaper it would be per page.

Mr. SPENCE. Not necessarily, sir. The composition cost, all of this having to be rekeyboarded in the office, is just tremendous. The press run is a different thing. The cost per copy comes down as the press run increases. The cost per page is mainly borne by the setting of the type.

Mr. CASEY. Will the chairman yield at that point?

Mr. ANDREWS. Surely.

Mr. CASEY. Will switching to offset reduce that?

Mr. SPENCE. No, sir. Because the main cost is actually the composition, not the presswork. Since I have been at the GPO we have been forced to produce as much as half of the Record on offset presses, which is a first, if you will, because our letterpress equipment, which was designed for an average number of pages of less than 150-and we have been averaging well over 200 pages per issue-actually could not produce Records of this size. So we have run as many as 96 pages on the offset equipment. We have been very fortunate to be able to use letterpress paper on the offset presses, which is not normally done. in industry. There is a difference of one penny a pound.

Mr. CASEY. How do you compose it now? Is it with linotype? Mr. SPENCE. All the straight matter is linotype. But the minute that you get into the tabular matter, that is monotype and the cost of a page is almost double when a page is made up of tabular material. Mr. CASEY. Is it hand set?

Mr. SPENCE. No; but a lot of it is set in monotype. You actually are casting individual pieces of type rather than a whole line at a time.

Mr. CASEY. When you switch to the offset, how will you compose? Mr. SPENCE. We will still compose exactly the same way, but we could not switch to offset for the whole Record. The quickest way to

get to the press from the linotype composition is through stereotype plates. These are done letterpress. They take about one-third of the time that it takes to make an offset plate.

So with this tremendous number of pages in the Congressional Record, we would have to continue to do at least a part of the Record letterpress to meet these deadlines that we have.

Mr. CASEY. Is it faster to use the letterpress than the offset?

Mr. SPENCE. It's faster to get the forms to letterpress. However, once the presses are running, offset presses are faster. So what we do is use a happy combination and make sure that the last signatures of the Record are done letterpress because we can get them to the press faster. Then the length of time the press run takes on that last signature is of no consequence because we pull out the congressional requirements first and let the balance of the copies follow which is for the mail copies to our subscribers around the country.

Mr. CASEY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. EVANS. Will the chairman yield?

Mr. ANDREWS. Surely.

AUTOMATION OF COMPOSITION

Mr. EVANS. Do you have any suggestion to us and the Congress as to how we could deliver what is said on the floor of the House and the Senate to you in a form that would make it easier for you to accept and print?

Mr. SPENCE. Sir, as the chairman and I were discussing before the meeting started, if we could eliminate the revision and extension, if we could eliminate the tremendous amount of correction to copy, this would be the first step forward.

The second step would be if we could in fact have a verbatim transcript. At the same time the reporters were typing up their manuscript copy they could be producing a tape which could be programed to drive the linotron. The linotron would produce almost 3 pages a minute of the record.

Mr. EVANS. What you are suggesting, it seems to me, is that speakers on the floor of the House better use good grammar, good English, good punctuation, and when it's taken down by the reporter it's absolutely perfect and typed perfectly so we don't have to go back and make it read as we thought we said it, but didn't.

Mr. SPENCE. That would be the absolute optimum. Somewhere between where we are now and where we would like to be and where I think that, from a practical standpoint, we can get to be is our present goal.

Mr. EVANS. What is delivered to you? After the Chairman makes a speech on the floor, during the day they will give him a typed copy of what he says. He doesn't have to correct too much because he speaks well, but he will make corrections, as we all will. That is taken back and re-typed, isn't it?

Mr. SPENCE. Sometimes yes and sometimes no. In the main I would say no. The other night we were late. We had one Member in the other House who had interlined more material per page than there was on the original typed page. Then we had to call his administrative as

sistant in. For 2 hours our production people and his administrative assistant tried to decipher what the Member put in there.

Mr. EVANS. That is the other body.

Mr. SPENCE. This is just a part of what it takes to manufacture the finished product. When I said somewhere between what we have today and that millennium that you discussed is where we would like to be.

Working with the Joint Committee on Printing we are going to get a much better procedure.

Mr. EVANS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

EMPLOYEES ENGAGED IN CONGRESSIONAL RECORD PRODUCTION

Mr. ANDREWS. How many people are actually engaged in production of a Congressional Record?

Mr. SPENCE. Sir, that varies so much.

Mr. ANDREWS. Give us a ballpark figure. This record shows that as of December 31, 1970, you had a total of 8,371 employees. How many of that number would you say are engaged solely in the production of the Congressional Record? Supply it for the record after you think it over.

(The information follows:)

Approximately 600 employees of the Government Printing Office are engaged in the production of the Congressional Record.

Mr. HUMPHREY. We have about 3,400 nightside employees, many of whom would be working on the Record when we have a large issue.

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Mr. ANDREWS. How many employees do you anticipate during the calendar year 1971?

Mr. SPENCE. 8,400, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. 8,400?

Mr. SPENCE. Yes, and we are projecting the same for the next fiscal year. However, hopefully, we will be able to reduce that somewhat. Mr. ANDREWS. Are there any further questions on the subject we have just discussed? Are there any questions on Mr. Spence's state

ment?

EXPANSION AT PRESENT SITE

Mr. EVANS. Mr. Chairman, could I make an inquiry? On page 2 of the statement of the Printer, in the middle of the page, after he has talked about his study group he states:

To implement these suggestions, I will shortly request approval of the Joint Committee on Printing and, with their approval, I will submit a request for an appropriation of $2,250,000, of which $1,750,000 to cover feasibility studies would be available for transfer to the General Services Administration, and $500,000 would be available for our use in planning the operational building layouts. Does this refer solely to the installation here in Washington? Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir; it does.

Mr. EVANS. It doesn't include your overall general operations throughout the entire field?

Mr. SPENCE. No, sir; just here in Washington.

Mr. EVANS. I may not have heard the original conversation, but it seemed to me that a decision has been made to stay in your present location.

Mr. SPENCE. Right, sir.

Mr. EVANS. And to renovate those facilities and to reequip the building. Will the process require some additional land for this purpose?

Mr. SPENCE. We face on North Capitol Street at "H." We occupy about 60 percent of the block. This would allow us to move and occupy as much more of the block as would be needed to efficiently operate and also to warehouse our stock there. Today, some of our warehouses are 14 miles away. So we have what is, in fact, triple handling of our material. We offload it, take it to the warehouses, pull it out of the warehouses, put it in our issue warehouse across North Capitol Street from us.

Mr. EVANS. These plans anticipate the locating of your warehouse right there under the same roof, do they?

Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir, right there.

Mr. EVANS. You would have direct rail access, is that right?

Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir, we would, indeed. We would be able to put the roll stock, for example, on the same floor as the roll-fed presses. Mr. EVANS. Pardon me for interrupting.

Mr. SPENCE. Yes, sir.

Mr. EVANS. When you say feasibility studies, these would be studies It sounds to me like you have determined the feasibility of what you are going to do. Are there still doubts or questions in regard to this? Mr. SPENCE. No, sir, there are not. But the GSA would contract for us to do the actual design that would be required. The money that we are asking for our own use would be for our own engineering to do the industrial engineering that would be necessary to implement the whole operation.

Mr. EVANS. When you say, feasibility studies, these would be studies of the feasibility of doing this within the structure that you have there, plus the additional ground that is available?

Mr. SPENCE. Correct, sir.

Mr. EVANS. You have already made the decision that that is where you are going to stay?

Mr. SPENCE. I have made that decision, and I have the support of the Joint Advisory Group.

Mr. EVANS. These would be studies on how best to use and equip and store and occupy those premises that you decided to continue to use?

Mr. SPENCE. Exactly, sir.

Mr. EVANS. I thank the chairman.

COST OF EXPANSION AT PRESENT SITE

Mr. ANDREWS. How much do you think it will cost to do all that you have planned to do in that area?

Mr. SPENCE. I couldn't even hazard a guess at this point, sir.

Mr. ANDREWS. Certainly it would be nothing like the cost of getting a new building.