T. Prince. Kings. France, LOUIS 13; Great Britain,||CHARLES I.; Spain,|| PHILIP IV

III. The most material events among foreign nations.

HE War between the Spaniards and Dutch continues, without any help from the Court of England.

In Germany. This being a most critical year, wherein the settlers of New England (see p. 619], as well as all Europe are greatly concerned. I hope the reader will excuse the following

summary. While GUSTAVUS is, with a small army, delivering the Electorate of Brandenburg; the Popish Emperor's old general, Count TILLY, with 21,000 veteran troops, besieges the most noble, Protestant, and flourishing city of Magdeburg, the fairest ornament in Germany. And, by treachery, or negligence of some in not duly watching a gate, early on May 10, his forces enter, and, by his cruel order, set the city in flames; spare no rank, age, or sex; rip up women with child, murder sucking infants before the eyes of their mothers, violate the virgins in the open streets, yea, the young girls even to death, to avoid which, some of them drown themselves, and others ran into the fire before TILLY's eyes; in twenty-four hours, consume this great and magnificent city, with its sixteen churches and chapels by fire; leaving only the Cathedral and 139 poor cottages standing; fill all places with dead bodies. So that of 40,000 citizens in the morning, scarcely 400 escaped at night; and the carcases of men, women, and children thrown into the river to roll into the sea. The Popish General boasting, calls this horrid tragedy, "The Marriage Feast of Magdeburg;" and, in triumph, marches to Saxony, to lay waste that Protestant Electorate also.

Hereupon GUSTAVUS, greatly afflicted, first hastily restores the Protestant Duchy of Mecklenburg to its Duke, unjustly deprived thereof by the Emperor; delivers the rest of the Protestant Electorate of Brandenburg, driving the Popish troops away before him; marches to the Elbe, taking many towns and castles by the way; builds a bridge, passes with his little army of about 8,000 over it, cuts off almost all the foot of several regiments. TILLY sent to oppose him, forms a strong camp on the Elbe, and reduces divers garrisons round about.

TILLY marches towards him, with 26,000 veterans; but 7,000, of his advanced parties, are cut off by stratagem in divers fights. While the King's main body, being much inferior [in numbers], keeps his camp: TILLY marches back to finish the ruin of Saxony. In this distress, the Queen, with 8,000 men, arrives from Sweden; and at the end of July, the Marquis of HAMILTON sent by King CHARLES, with 6,000 foot from Great Britain, lands in Pomerania: but the King and HAMILTON disagreeing, the latter returns inglorious. The King, as it seems, leaving the Britons to keep the garrisons, taking those few brave Scots and English who had fought under him in Poland, as with the Swedes, make up 20,000; joins the 14,000 Saxons under their Duke, and hasten to save their country.

Approaching Leipsic, their capital, on September 6: he, with his army, keeps it a Day of Fasting and Prayer to GOD for help and victory.

Rev. T. Prince." ?

Kings. France, LOUIS 13; Great Britain, CHARLES I.; Spain, || PHILIP IV.

Next morning, TILLY, with 44,000 brave men, advances into the field, presenting his army in a dreadful front full two miles in length, to enclose the King's. TILLY's word is "Saint Mary!" but the King's was "GOD with us!" The King, riding from regiment to regiment, crying aloud, "Come on, comrades! Will you fight to-day for the name of JESUS CHRIST?" and the battle joins.

In the beginning of which, the King seeing his men hardly charged, alights from his horse, and with bended knees, prays to GOD again for victory. TILLY's veterans quickly make the Saxon wing to fly, and kill 2,000 of them: then turn, with their main force, on the Swedes and some brave Scots and English under the King; TILLY crying out, "Let us beat the Swedes too, and then all Germany is our own" [i.e., to oppress, to ravish, and massacre, as we please]. And turning even all the Saxon cannon on the Swedes, a most terrible fight ensues-the fate of the Protestant religion, both in Europe and America, now depending-for Five hours; until night comes on; when that formidable Popish army (which, for twelve years together, had triumphed over and oppressed the Protestants) is broken to pieces, 15,000 of them slain, and many thousand of them wounded. TILLY, wounded, flies twenty miles that night.

Next day, the King pursuing, slays 2,000 more. 6,000 forsaking the Imperial side, list [enlist] under him.

:

By the end of the month, recovers all Saxony and as he began with prayer, he ends with praise; appointing, with the Duke, a day of Public Thanksgiving in the army, and through that Electorate. Then goes on, reduces Franconia, Wateravia, and the Palatinate. And in this one year recovers the middle part of Germany; from the Baltic Sea, to Metz and Spires on the Rhine and wherever he comes, restores their liberties and the Protestant religion, to their unbounded joy.

January 27.

1632.

[OVERNOR WINTHROP and others go by Charles river [no doubt, a foot], eight miles above Watertown; ascend the highest hills, and view a [the frozen countries and distant ranges of mountains, for forty or fifty miles round about].

February 3. Court of Assistants, at Boston. Present, Governor, Deputy Governor, Master LUDLOW, Captain ENDICOT, Masters NOWELL, PYNCHON, S. BRADSTREET. ORDER That £60 be levied out of the several Plantations, towards making a Pallizado about the Newtown, viz. I Waterton

£8 0

7 Salem

8 Boston

£4 10 8

February 17. Governor WINTHROP and Assistants call before then, at Boston, divers of Waterton; the Pastor and Elder, by letter; and the others by Warrant.

The occasion was, that a Warrant being sent to Waterton for levying their [aforesaid] £8 Rate; the Pastor, Elder &c., assembled the people; and delivered their opinion "that it was not safe to pay [the said tax], for fear of bringing themselves and posterity into bondage."

Governor WINTHROP's Journal.

b Massachusetts Colony Records.

T. Prince

Kings. France, LOUIS 13; Great Britain,||CHARLES I.; Spain,|| PHILIP IV.

The ground of their error was, They took this Government to be no other, but that of a Mayor and Alderman; who have not power to make laws, or raise taxes without the people.

But understanding that, This Government is rather in the nature of a Parliament; and that no Assistant could be chosen but by the Freemen; who have likewise power to remove the Assistants, and put in others: and therefore, at every General Court, which is to be held once every year, they have free liberty to propound anything concerning the same; and to declare their grievances, without being subject to question, &c. : they are fully satisfied, freely confess they were in an error, acknowledge their fault, and make a Recantation and Submission under their hands. And their Submission is accepted; and their offence pardoned.a

March 6 [1632]. [being Tuesday; and not 5, as Governor WINTHROP]. Court of Assistants, at Boston. Present, Governor, Deputy Governor, Master LUDLOW, Captain ENDICOT, Masters NOWELL, PYNCHON, S. BRADSTREET.

ORDER 1. That Courts, which before were every three weeks,a shall be held every first Tuesday, in every month.

2. Ten more take their Oath of Freeman, viz.,

Master JOHN ELIOT,

JACOB ELIOT, &c.b

March 14. The bark Warwick arrives at Natasket, and the 19th, at Winesemet; having been at Pascataquack and Salem, to sell corn which she brought from Virginia.a

April 3. Court of Assistants, at Boston. Present, Governor, Deputy Governor, Master LUDLOW, Captain ENDICOT, Masters NOWELL, PYNCHON, S. BRADSTREET.

1. Conant's Island demised to Governor WINTHROP [upon certain terms]; and the name is changed, and is to be called "The Governor's Garden."

2. Four take their Oath of Freeman, viz. :

Master JOHN WINTHROP junior,

Master WILLIAM ASPINWALL,

JOHN SAMPLEFORD [or SAMFORD],
WILLIAM HUBBERT."

April 9. The bark Warwick, and Master [S.] MAVERICK'S pinnace go out, bound to Virginia a [no doubt for corn].

• Governor WINTHROP's Journal.

Massachusetts Colony Records.

T. Prince. Kings. France, LOUIS 13; Great Britain,||CHARLES I.; Spain,PHILIP IV.

April 12 [1632]. Governor WINTHROP receives letters from Plymouth, signifying, That there had been a broil between their men at Sowams, and the Narraganset Indians; who set upon the English House there, to take OUSAMEQUIN the Sagamore of Pacanacot [since called Bristol], who fled thither, with all his people, for refuge. And that Captain STANDISH being gone thither, to relieve the three English in the House; had sent home, in all haste, for more men, and other provisions: upon intelligence that CANONICUS, with a great army, was coming against them. Intreating that some powder may be sent, with all speed possible: for it seems they were unfurnished.

Upon this, Governor WINTHROP presently despatches the messenger, with so much powder as he can carry [doubtless being a foot, there being no horses in New England in those days), viz., 27 lbs., out of the Governor's own store.a

April 16. The messenger returns, and brings a letter from Governor [BRADFORD] signifying, That the Indians are retired from Sowams, to fight with the Pequims [or Pequots].

Which is probable, because JOHN Sagamore, and CHICKATABOT are gone, with all their men (JOHN with thirty, and CHICKATABOT with ?) to CANONICUS: who had sent for them.a

To this, agrees the testimony of divers ancient Indians inserted in Westerly Records. From which, and other ancient testimonies, it seems

1. That there was War between the Pequots and Narragansets, about 1632.

2. That the said War was about the territory between Pacatuck river on the west, and Wecapaug brook on the east: about ten miles wide; and fifteen to twenty long, northerly from the sea.

3. That CANONICUS and MIANTENOMY, Chief Sachems of Narraganset, had conquered it, many years before the English had any war with the Pequots.

4. That those two Sachems maintained the War of 1632; the former being uncle to the latter. And that NINEGRAD was another uncle to MIANTENOMY; but had no hand in the War.

5. That the War began in 1632, and ended in 1635, or about two years before the war between the Pequots and the English.

a Governor WINTHROP's Journal.