distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several states of the Union, approved A.D. one thousand eight hundred and forty-one, and all estates of deceased persons who may have died without leaving a will or heir, and also such per cent as may be granted, or may have been granted, by Congress on the sale of lands in this State, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which, together with all the rents of the unsold lands, and such other means as the Legislature may provide, shall be inviolably appropriated to the support of common schools throughout the State. (Constitution, art. IX, sec. 4.)

SEC. 64.

COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM.

The Legislature shall provide for a system of common schools, by which a free school shall be kept up and supported in each district at least six months in every year, after the first year in which a school has been established. (Constitution, art. IX, sec. 5.)

SEC. 65.

SUPPORT OF SCHOOL SYSTEM.

The public school system shall include day and evening elementary schools, and such day and evening secondary schools, normal schools, and technical schools as may be established by the Legislature, or by municipal or district authority. The entire revenue derived from the state school fund and from the general state school tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of day and evening elementary schools; but the Legislature may authorize and cause to be levied a special state school tax for the support of day and evening secondary schools and technical schools, or either of such schools, included in the public school system, and all revenue derived from such special tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of the schools for which such special tax shall be levied. (Constitution, art. IX, sec. 6.)

SEC. 66

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION-FREE TEXTBOOKS.

The Legislature shall provide for the appointment or election of a state board of education, and said board shall provide, compile, or cause to be compiled, and adopt, a uniform series of textbooks for use in the day and evening elementary schools throughout the State. The state board. may cause such textbooks, when adopted, to be printed and published by the Superintendent of State Printing, at the state printing office; and wherever and however such textbooks may be printed and published, they shall be furnished and distributed by the State free of cost of any charge whatever, to all children attending the day and evening elementary schools of the State, under such conditions as the Legislature shall prescribe. The textbooks, so adopted, shall continue in use not less than four years, without any change or alteration whatsoever which will require or necessitate the furnishing of new books to such pupils, and said state board shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. The Legislature shall provide for a board of education in each county in the State. The county superintendents

and the county boards of education shall have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their respective jurisdictions. (Constitution, art. IX, sec. 7.)

SEC. 67.

NO PUBLIC MONEY FOR SECTARIAN SCHOOLS.

No public money shall ever be appropriated for the support of any sectarian or denominational school, or any school not under the exclusive control of the officers of the public schools; nor shall any sectarian or denominational doctrine be taught, or instruction thereon be permitted, directly or indirectly, in any of the common schools of this State. (Constitution, art. IX, sec. 8.)

SEC. 68.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF PRISON DIRECTORS.

The board of directors shall have the charge and superintendence of the state prisons, and shall possess such powers and perform such duties, in respect to other penal and reformatory institutions of the State, ast the Legislature may prescribe. (Constitution, art. X, sec. 2.)

SEC. 69.

LEGISLATURE TO PRESCRIBE POWERS AND DUTIES OF PRISON OFFICIALS.

The Legislature shall pass such laws as may be necessary to further define and regulate the powers and duties of the board, wardens, and clerks, and to carry into effect the provisions of this article. (Constitution, art. X, sec. 5.)

SEC. 70.

FORMATION OF NEW COUNTIES.

The Legislature, by general and uniform laws, may provide for the alteration of county boundary lines, and for the formation of new counties; provided, however, that no new county shall be established which shall reduce any county to a population of less than twenty thousand; nor shall a new county be formed containing a less population than eight thousand; nor shall any line thereof pass within five miles of the exterior boundary of the city or town in which the county seat of any county proposed to be divided is situated. Every county which shall be enlarged or created from territory taken from any other county or counties, shall be liable for a just proportion of the existing debts and liabilities of the county or counties from which such territory shall be taken. (Constitution, art. X, sec. 3.)

SEC. 71.

COUNTY GOVERNMENTS AND TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION.

The Legislature shall establish a system of county governments, which shall be uniform throughout the State; and by general laws shall provide for township organizations, under which any county may organize

whenever a majority of the qualified electors of such county, voting at a general election, shall so determine; and whenever a county shall adopt township organization, the assessment and collection of the revenue shall be made, and the business of such county and the local affairs of the several townships therein shall be managed and transacted, in the manner prescribed by such general laws. (Constitution, art. XI, sec. 4.)

SEC. 72.

COMPENSATION OF OFFICERS AND JURORS.

The Legislature, by general and uniform laws, shall provide for the election or appointment, in the several counties, of boards of supervisors, sheriffs, county clerks, district attorneys, and such other county, township, and municipal officers as public convenience may require, and shall prescribe their duties and fix their terms of office. It shall regulate the compensation of all such officers, in proportion to duties, and may also establish fees to be charged and collected by such officers for services performed in their respective offices, in the manner and for the uses provided by law, and for this purpose may classify the counties by population; and it shall provide for the strict accountability of county and township officers for all fees which may be collected by them, and for all public and municipal moneys which may be paid to them, or officially come into their possession. It may regulate the compensation of grand and trial jurors in all courts within the classes of counties herein permitted to be made; such compensation, however, shall not, in any class, exceed the sum of three dollars per day and mileage. (Constitution, art. XI, sec. 5.)

SEC. 73.

ONLY MUNICIPALITY CAN TAX FOR MUNICIPAL PURPOSES.

The Legislature shall have no power to impose taxes upon counties, cities, towns or other public or municipal corporations, or upon the inhabitants or property thereof, for county, city, town, or other municipal purposes, but may, by general laws, vest in the corporate authorities thereof the power to assess and collect taxes for such purposes. (Constitution, art. XI, sec. 12.)

SEC. 74.

NO DELEGATION AS TO MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS TO PRIVATE CORPORATIONS-EXCEPTION.

The Legislature shall not delegate to any special commission, private corporation, company, association or individual any power to make, control, appropriate, supervise or in any way interfere with any county, city, town or municipal improvement, money, property, or effects, whether held in trust or otherwise, or to levy taxes or assessments or perform any municipal function whatever, except that the Legislature shall have power to provide for the supervision, regulation and conduct, in such manner as it may determine, of the affairs of irrigation districts, reclamation districts or drainage districts, organized or existing under any law of this State. Constitution, art. XI, sec. 13.)

SEC. 75.

GENERAL LAWS AS TO INSPECTION OF MERCHANDISE.

The Legislature may by general and uniform laws provide for the inspection, measurement and graduation of merchandise, manufactured articles and commodities, and may provide for the appointment of such officers as may be necessary for such inspection, measurement and graduation. (Constitution, art. XI, sec. 14.)

SEC. 76.

GENERAL LAWS AS TO FORMATION OF CORPORATIONS.

Corporations may be formed under general laws, but shall not be created by special act. All laws now in force in the State concerning corporations, and all laws that may be hereafter passed pursuant to this section, may be altered from time to time or repealed. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 1.) (See also Civil Code, sec. 404, for detail.)

SEC. 77.

BANK CORPORATIONS ONLY UNDER GENERAL LAWS-NO BANK CURRENCY.

The Legislature shall have no power to pass any act granting any charter for banking purposes, but corporations or associations may be formed for such purposes under general laws, and the Legislature shall provide for the classification of cities and towns by population for the purpose of regulating the business of banking. No corporation, association, or individual shall issue or put in circulation, as money, anything but the lawful money of the United States. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 5.)

SEC. 78.

EXTENSION OF FRANCHISE OF CORPORATION-REMISSION OF FORFEITURE.

The Legislature shall not extend any franchise or charter, nor remit the forfeiture of any franchise or charter of any quasi-public corporation now existing or which shall hereafter exist under the laws of this State. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 7.)

SEC. 79.

CORPORATION PROPERTY SUBJECT TO CONDEMNATION-POLICE POWER NOT ABRIDGED.

The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be so abridged or construed as to prevent the Legislature from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as the property of individuals, and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be so abridged or construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such manner as to infringe the rights of individuals or the general well-being of the State. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 8.)

SEC. 80.

CORPORATION BUSINESS LIMITED BY CHARTER-TERM OF HOLDING REAL ESTATE.

No corporation shall engage in any business other than that expressly authorized in its charter or the law under which it may have been or may hereafter be organized; nor shall it hold for a longer period than five years any real estate except such as may be necessary for carrying on its business. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 9.)

SEC. 81.

TRANSFER OF FRANCHISE DOES NOT RELIEVE FROM LIABILITIES.

The Legislature shall not pass any laws permitting the leasing or alienation of any franchise, so as to relieve the franchise or property held thereunder from the liabilities of the lessor or grantor, lessee or grantee, contracted or incurred in the operation, use, or enjoyment of such franchise or any of its privileges. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 10.)

SEC. 82.

STATE NOT TO LEND CREDIT OR OWN CORPORATION STOCK.

The State shall not, in any manner, loan its credit, nor shall it subscribe to or be interested in the stock of any company, association, or corporation. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 13.)

SEC. 83.

PLACE OF BUSINESS OF CORPORATIONS-BOOKS.

Every corporation other than religious, educational, or benevolent, organized or doing business in this State, shall have and maintain an office or place in this State *** in which shall be kept, for inspection by *** legislative committees, books in which shall be recorded the amount of capital stock subscribed, and by whom; the names of the owners of its stock, and the amounts owned by them, respectively; the amount of stock paid in, and by whom; the transfers of stock; the amount of its assets and liabilities, and the names and places of residence of its officers. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 14.) (See also Civil Code, sec. 383, for detail.)

SEC. 84.

FOREIGN CORPORATIONS.

No corporation organized outside the limits of this State shall be allowed to transact business within this State on more favorable conditions than are prescribed by law to similar corporations organized under the laws of this State. (Constitution, art. XII, sec. 15.)